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TFFFT
16. Yawing
17. Longitudinal
18. Minimum
19@20 : deperming is to reduce magnetic field
21
22
23
24. D
25. E
Deep Water : Routing ships in deep water and at slow speed.
The magnetic field generated by a current carrying wire from concentric circles
around the wire. The direction of the magnetic field of the loops is determined by the
right hand grip rule.
Underwater acoustics is the study of the propagation of sound in the water and the
interaction of the mechanical waves that constitute sound with the water and its
boundaries.
Signature - The energy emitting and reflect in characteristics of an object by which
can be used for detection, classification and targeting.

Esei:
1a.

Material SPMs
GRP or minimum magnetic structure
Shock mounted machinery, equipment
Dynamic or adjustable degaussing
Noise reducing propellers
Continuous flow machinery, plant
Magnetic hygiene logs
Acoustic Hygiene and monitoring
Minimise luxury domestic fittings (TVs, pictures, etc)
PPMs for extended periods

1b.

Tactical SPMs
Selection of track sequence to minimise exposure to unhunted/unswept
waters
Manoeuvre into previously hunted/swept water
Hunting through end of laps
Sweeping turning techniques

Damage and/or emergency policies (mine explosion, damaged sweep, lose of

propulsion or manoeuvrability, air or surface threat)
All round searches, when prosecuting and prior to MDC firing
2a.

Degaussing
Method and techniques of reducing a ships magnetic field (induced and
permanent) with onboard coils.

2b.

Deperming
Reduction of the permanent magnetic field component by pulsing electric
current through vertical coils wrapped around the hull.

2c.

Coils
Coiling is the use of current carrying coils aligned to a ship's major axes to
balance permanent and induced magnetism.
The coils are usually built into the ship during construction, and colloquially
refered to as deguassing.

3.
4a.

Vertical Coils
(main coils) installed in the horizontal plane to compensate for the vertical
components of magnetism. (also known as V Coils).

4b.

Longitudinal Coils
(longitudinal field coil) installed in the vertical athwartships plane so that it
resembles a large solenoid inside the ship with the axis parallel to the keel to
compensate for longitudinal components of magnetism.

4c.

Athwartship Coils
(athwartships coil) installed in the vertical fore and aft plane to compensate for
athwartship components of magnetism. (also known as T Coils).

5.

How ship magnetic field effected by the earth magnetic field.

Common elements used in ship construction and systems such as iron and
alloys have natural magnetic properties and become permamently magnetised
during construction and refits under the influence of the earths magnetic field.
In effect a ship can be considered as a collection of magnets each of which
contributes to the ships total magnetic field.
While we term the field permament all this means is that the material will tend
to retain its magnetic properties when the magnetising force is varied or removed.
But the characteristics of a ships permament magnetic field can vary. The effects of
shock such as machinery vibration or the pounding of heavy seas can cause the
magnetic domains to realign to reflect the direction of the earths magnetic field at
that point and thus the permament field of a ship can vary with time.
Induced magnetism is caused by the effect of the earths magnetic field on
material such as soft iron which will become temporarily magnetised. This material
does not retain any magnetic field when the magnetising force is removed and thus

the induced field will always reflect the direction and intensity of the earths field at
the ships location as well as the ships heading.
Some materials have semi permament magnetic properties which means that they
will become magnetised under the influence of external magnetic fields but will
slowly lose that magnetism once the magnetising force is removed.
The effect on a ships magnetic field is that if the ship maintains the same
course for some time, this material will become magnetised under the influence of
the earths field, but the magnetism will slowly change when the ships course is
changed. Thus a ships magnetic signature will vary with time, position and heading.