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    Richard B. Kaner Distinguished Professor of Chemistry Distinguished Professor of Materials Science & Engineering University of California Los Angeles Abstract Graphene is the ultimate two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of sp2 hybridized carbon. Here we explore different approaches to synthesize this carbon allotrope, ranging from chemical conversion to vapor phase deposition. Briefly, graphite can be converted into graphene oxide (GO) sheets, which readily disperse in water, and then can be reduced by various methods. Due to its unique ability to be solution processed and patterned, GO and chemically converted graphene (CCG) hold promise for applications ranging from sensors to transparentconducting electrodes for flexible solar cells, etc. Chemical vapor deposition onto metal substrates enables the growth of continuous, large-area graphene. The challenges of growing graphene, controlling the number of layers, transferring graphene and some exciting uses such as flash memory and laser scribed graphene for supercapacitors will be discussed. Biography Richard B. Kaner received a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1984 working with Prof. Alan MacDiarmid (Nobel Laureate 2000). After carrying out postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley, he joined the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1987 as an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Associate Professor with tenure in 1991, became a Full Professor in 1993 and a Distinguished Professor in 2012. He has published over 275 papers in top peer reviewed journals and holds 16 U.S. patents with 20 more pending. Professor Kaner has received awards from the Dreyfus, Fulbright, Guggenheim and Sloan Foundations as well as the Exxon Fellowship in Solid State Chemistry, the Buck-Whitney Research Award, the Tolman Medal and the Award in the Chemistry of Materials from the American Chemical Society for his work on refractory materials including new synthetic routes to ceramics, intercalation compounds,superhard metals, graphene and conducting polymers. He has been elected a Fellow of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the Materials Research Society (MRS). Along with appointments in the Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering,Professor Kaner served as the Associate Director of the California NanoSystems Institute from 2007-09. Professor Kaner’s teaching has been recognized with the Hanson-Dow Award for Excellence in Teaching, the Harriet and Charles Luckman Distinguished Teaching Award and the Gold Shield Faculty Prize for Academic Excellence.

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    Richard B. Kaner Distinguished Professor of Chemistry Distinguished Professor of Materials Science & Engineering University of California Los Angeles Abstract Graphene is the ultimate two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of sp2 hybridized carbon. Here we explore different approaches to synthesize this carbon allotrope, ranging from chemical conversion to vapor phase deposition. Briefly, graphite can be converted into graphene oxide (GO) sheets, which readily disperse in water, and then can be reduced by various methods. Due to its unique ability to be solution processed and patterned, GO and chemically converted graphene (CCG) hold promise for applications ranging from sensors to transparentconducting electrodes for flexible solar cells, etc. Chemical vapor deposition onto metal substrates enables the growth of continuous, large-area graphene. The challenges of growing graphene, controlling the number of layers, transferring graphene and some exciting uses such as flash memory and laser scribed graphene for supercapacitors will be discussed. Biography Richard B. Kaner received a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1984 working with Prof. Alan MacDiarmid (Nobel Laureate 2000). After carrying out postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley, he joined the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1987 as an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Associate Professor with tenure in 1991, became a Full Professor in 1993 and a Distinguished Professor in 2012. He has published over 275 papers in top peer reviewed journals and holds 16 U.S. patents with 20 more pending. Professor Kaner has received awards from the Dreyfus, Fulbright, Guggenheim and Sloan Foundations as well as the Exxon Fellowship in Solid State Chemistry, the Buck-Whitney Research Award, the Tolman Medal and the Award in the Chemistry of Materials from the American Chemical Society for his work on refractory materials including new synthetic routes to ceramics, intercalation compounds,superhard metals, graphene and conducting polymers. He has been elected a Fellow of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the Materials Research Society (MRS). Along with appointments in the Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering,Professor Kaner served as the Associate Director of the California NanoSystems Institute from 2007-09. Professor Kaner’s teaching has been recognized with the Hanson-Dow Award for Excellence in Teaching, the Harriet and Charles Luckman Distinguished Teaching Award and the Gold Shield Faculty Prize for Academic Excellence.

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    IEE/CEEM Seminar: Richard Kaner and Exploring The Synthesis and Applications of Graphene

    Uploaded by

    UCSBiee
    Richard B. Kaner Distinguished Professor of Chemistry Distinguished Professor of Materials Science & Engineering University of California Los Angeles Abstract Graphene is the ultimate two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of sp2 hybridized carbon. Here we explore different approaches to synthesize this carbon allotrope, ranging from chemical conversion to vapor phase deposition. Briefly, graphite can be converted into graphene oxide (GO) sheets, which readily disperse in water, and then can be reduced by various methods. Due to its unique ability to be solution processed and patterned, GO and chemically converted graphene (CCG) hold promise for applications ranging from sensors to transparentconducting electrodes for flexible solar cells, etc. Chemical vapor deposition onto metal substrates enables the growth of continuous, large-area graphene. The challenges of growing graphene, controlling the number of layers, transferring graphene and some exciting uses such as flash memory and laser scribed graphene for supercapacitors will be discussed. Biography Richard B. Kaner received a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1984 working with Prof. Alan MacDiarmid (Nobel Laureate 2000). After carrying out postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley, he joined the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1987 as an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Associate Professor with tenure in 1991, became a Full Professor in 1993 and a Distinguished Professor in 2012. He has published over 275 papers in top peer reviewed journals and holds 16 U.S. patents with 20 more pending. Professor Kaner has received awards from the Dreyfus, Fulbright, Guggenheim and Sloan Foundations as well as the Exxon Fellowship in Solid State Chemistry, the Buck-Whitney Research Award, the Tolman Medal and the Award in the Chemistry of Materials from the American Chemical Society for his work on refractory materials including new synthetic routes to ceramics, intercalation compounds,superhard metals, graphene and conducting polymers. He has been elected a Fellow of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the Materials Research Society (MRS). Along with appointments in the Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering,Professor Kaner served as the Associate Director of the California NanoSystems Institute from 2007-09. Professor Kaner’s teaching has been recognized with the Hanson-Dow Award for Excellence in Teaching, the Harriet and Charles Luckman Distinguished Teaching Award and the Gold Shield Faculty Prize for Academic Excellence.

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    of 77

    Exploring the Synthesis and

    Applications of Graphene

    Richard B. Kaner
    Distinguished Professor, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
    Distinguished Professor, Department of Materials Science & Engineering
    University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)


    1. Carbon allotropes
    2. Routes to graphene: exfoliation, CVD, graphite oxide
    3. Solution processing

    4. Sensors and transparent electrodes

    5. Laser scribed graphene (LSG) and supercapacitors
    CuLllne
    Craphene ls Lhe 2-dlmenuonal bulldlng block for carbon alloLropes of
    every oLher dlmenslonallLy.
    Craphene: 1he 8ulldlng 8lock of All Craphluc lorms
    novoselov, K.S. !" $%. &$"'(!) 6) 183 (2006).
    ln-lane 1hermal ConducuvlLy of PCC
    1. Intercalation and Exfoliation
    Difficulty is the strong van der Waals forces between sheets
    Viculis, L.M, Mack, J.J., Kaner, R.B., Science, 2003;
    Ruoff, R. et al., Carbon 2007

    2. Mechanical Exfoliation
    Tape used to peel single and/or few layers from HOPG
    (exceedingly low yield).
    Novoselov, K.S. et al., Science, 2004

    3. Reduction of Silicon Carbide
    In some cases, silicon is not most suitable target substrate
    de Heer, et al., 2006

    4. Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene
    Ruoff, R. et al., Science, 2009
    noLeworLhy SynLheuc 8ouLes Lo Craphene
    - roduces carbon nanoscrolls comprlsed ~30 graphene layers
    vlculls, L.M., Mack, !.!., kaner, 8.8. *+,!-+!, 299, 1361 (2003)
    lnLercalauon and Lxfollauon of PCC
    Mechanical exfoliation
    copper
    carbon source

    heat cool
    graphene coated
    copper
    Chemical vapor deposition Chemical exfoliation and reduction
    Pow We repare Craphene
    Large-Area and Plghly CrysLalllne Craphene Made by
    Chemlcal vapor ueposluon
    Large-Area Craphene on Copper lolls
    S1M 8eveals Conunuous Craphene CrowLh
    Rasool, H., Song, E., Allen, M., Wassei, J.K., Kaner, R.B., Wang, K.L., Weiller B,
    Gimzewski, J.K. Nano Lett. 11, 251 (2011).
    Craphene llash Memory
    Hong, A.J., Song, E.B., Yu, H.S., Allen, M.J., Kim, J., Fowler, J.D., Wassei, J.K., Park, Y.,
    Wang, Y., Zou, J., Kaner, R.B., Weiller, B.H., Wang, K.L., ACS Nano, 5, 7812 (2010).
    uslng LLhane and ropane as Craphene recursors
    Wassei, J.K., Torres, J., Kaner, R.B., et al, Small, 8, 1415 (2012).
    copper
    hydrogen + carbon source

    Heat
    cool
    graphene coated copper
    methane ethane propane
    C-P
    (kcal/mol)
    103 100 100

    C-C
    (kcal/mol)
    n/a 90 88
    Wassei, J.K., Torres, J., Kaner, R.B., et al, Small, 8, 1415 (2012).
    Chemlcal vapor ueposluon of Craphene on Copper
    Optical micrographs Raman spectrum UV-Vis spectrum
    & mapping
    Wassei, J.K., Torres, J., Kaner, R.B., et al, Small, 8, 1415 (2012).
    Crowlng Craphene wlLh LLhane aL ulerenL ressures
    ?lelds Slngle or 8llayers
    <1-210> <1-210>
    <1-100> <1-100>
    <1-210>
    <1-210>
    <1-100> <1-100>
    <1-210>
    <1-100>
    lnspecung LLhane-Craphene wlLh SLM and 1LM
    Wassei, J.K., Torres, J., Kaner, R.B., et al, Small, 8, 1415 (2012).
    Highly oxidized graphite can be prepared with -OH, O , C=O and -COOH
    functionalities*
    The sheets interact strongly with water and exfoliate
    Craphene Cxlde
    Soluuons of Craphene Cxlde
    8rodle, eL al. .,!/,01 2--3 45!63 6, 114 (1860)
    *kovLyukhova, eL al. 45!63 7$"!(3 11, 3 (1999)
    graphene paper
    elecLronlcs
    robusL chemlcal sensors graphene oxlde foam
    llghL scrlbe llLhography
    supercapaclLors
    A 8ange of Appllcauons SLemmlng from Craphene Cxlde
    1. 1he 1yndall eecL and salL eecL conrm Lhe colloldal naLure of Lhe CCC
    dlsperslon.
    2. 1applng mode AlM lmage of CCC sheeLs wlLh a hlgh prole (blue) curve Laken
    along Lhe red curve.
    1 nm
    AlM 1yndall eecL SalL eecL
    Ll, u., Muller, M.8., Cll[e, S., kaner, 8.8., Wallace, C.C. &$"'(! &$-8"!+53 3, 101 (2008)
    Morphologlcal and Colloldal CharacLerlzauon of CCC
    ulsperslons
    n
    2
    P
    4
    8educuon and ulsperslon ln ure Pydrazlne
    Tung, V.C., Allen, M.J., Yang, Y., Kaner, R.B. Nature Nanotech. 4, 25 (2009).
    5 !m
    PelghL proles show sLep helghL from SlC
    2
    Lo chemlcally converLed graphene of 0.6 nm
    for a glven cross-secuon. 1he resulL suggesLs LhaL mosL of Lhe oxygen moleues have
    been removed.
    3 m
    SLM & AlM on Lhe Same Speclmen
    Nature Nanotech. 4, 25 (2009).
    llexlble Chemlcally ConverLed Craphene lllms
    Li, D., Kaner, R.B. Science, 315, 1379 (2008).
    S00 m
    S00 m S00 m
    ollgomers
    85
    o
    C
    Selecuve 8eglsLrauon of CCC
    Adv. Mater., 21, 2098 (2009).
    SLenclllng wlLh LlasLomerlc Membranes
    Wassei, J.K., Tung, V.C., Jonas, S.J., Yang, Y., Kaner, R.B. Adv. Mater. 22, 897 (2010).
    Selecuve 8eglsLrauon of Craphene SheeLs
    Adv. Mater. 22, 897 (2010).
    Slllcon
    Chemlcally ConverLed Craphene
    Slllcon dloxlde
    Source
    uraln
    lleld LecL uevlce labrlcauon
    Nature Nanotech. 4, 25 (2009).
    n
    2
    P
    4
    C
    6
    P
    3
    Cl

    n
    2
    P
    4
    C
    6
    P
    3
    Cl

    n
    2
    P
    4
    C
    6
    P
    3
    Cl

    Craphene-Carbon nanoLube ulsperslons
    Tung, V.C., Allen, M.J., Wassei, J.K., Yang, Y., Kaner, R.B. Nano Lett. 9, 1949 (2009).
    Class
    1030 r.p.m. 1230 r.pm. 1300 r.p.m. 1730 r.p,m.
    Sapphlre L1
    300 m
    300 m
    Sl/SlC
    2
    Nano Lett. 9, 1949 (2009).
    Craphene/Cn1s 1ransparenL ConducLor
    ueposlLed on a varleLy of SubsLraLes
    Mechanlcally 8obusL C-Cn1 lllms as
    1ransparenL LlecLrodes
    Nano Lett. 9, 1949 (2009).
    G-CN1 Samp|e Cpnca| 1ransm|uance Sheet kes|stance
    unLreaLed 82 423 U/.
    SCCl
    2
    doped 82 103 U/.
    1he LecLs of 1hlonyl Chlorlde on Craphene-
    Carbon nanoLube lllms
    Wassei, J.K., Cha, K.C., Tung, V.C., Yang, Y., Kaner, R.B.
    J. Mater. Chem. 21, 3391 (2011).
    Mlcro PoLplaLe (MP)
    racucal chemlcal Sensors from Craphene
    Fowler, J., Allen, M.J., Tung, V.C., Kaner, R.B., Yang, Y., Weiller B. ACS Nano, 3, 301 (2009).
    n-Lype -Lype Cround sLaLe
    racucal chemlcal Sensors from Craphene
    nP
    3
    deLecuon aL 3 ppm 8and dlagram of CCC
    ACS Nano, 3, 301 (2009).
    racucal chemlcal Sensors from Craphene
    nC
    2
    deLecuon aL 3 ppm 8and dlagram of CCC
    racucal chemlcal Sensors from Craphene
    ACS Nano, 3, 301 (2009).
    nC
    2
    deLecuon aL 3 ppm on Lhe MP
    ACS Nano, 3, 301 (2009).
    racucal chemlcal Sensors from Craphene
    2,4-ulnlLroLoluene deLecuon aL 32 ppb
    racucal chemlcal Sensors from Craphene
    ACS Nano, 3, 301 (2009).
    1000x 1000x
    100,000x
    Freeze dried graphene oxide (foam) Flashed graphene oxide
    hoLoLhermal ueoxygenauon of Craphene Cxlde loam
    Gilje, S., Kaner, R.B., et al., Adv. Mater. 22, 419 (2010).
    Cote, Cruz-Silva, Huang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 11027 (2009).
    Adv. Mater. 22, 419 (2010).
    hoLoLhermal ueoxygenauon of Craphene Cxlde
    -15
    -10
    -5
    0
    5
    10
    15
    -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
    C
    u
    r
    r
    e
    n
    t

    (
    m
    A
    )

    Potential (V)
    Laser scr|bed graphene
    Graph|te ox|de
    780 nm laser
    www.llghLscrlbe.com
    SLrong, uubln, Ll-kady, Lech, Wang, Welller, kaner, 24* &$-8 ") 9:;< (2012)
    LlghLScrlbe: Craphene LlecLrodes ln a uvu 8urner
    SLandard lmage
    Laser scrlbed graphene
    Levels of reducuon are dlrecLly relaLed Lo Lhe laser lnLenslLy
    24* &$-8 ") 9:;< (2012)
    llne Laser auernlng of Craphene
    20 ppm nC
    2
    24* &$-8 ") 9:;< (2012)
    All Crganlc, llexlble nC
    2
    Cas Sensor
    lerro/ferrl-cyanlde

    couple as a redox probe
    le(Cn)
    6
    3-

    le(Cn)
    6
    4-

    e
    -

    AL = 0.0393 v aL 10 mv/s
    Graph|te CN1 LSG

    "#$%&'
    $ (cm
    s
    -1
    )
    "#$%' "('
    )*
    +#,-'./')0
    ,#12'./'),*
    "#33' "(')$
    * Chem. Aslan !. 2008, 3,
    2046-2033.
    All-carbon elecLrode
    (no currenL collecLor)
    potennostat
    t
    LSG
    Ag]AgC|
    [le(Cn)
    6
    ]
    3-
    /
    [le(Cn)
    6
    ]
    4-

    LlecLrochemlcal Appllcauons of Laser Scrlbed Craphene(LSC)
    24* &$-8 ") 9:;< (2012)
    t Au
    d
    7.S m|n
    12 nm
    potennostat
    t
    LSG
    Ag]AgC|
    M
    n+

    2.S m|n
    10 nm
    20 m|n
    17 nm
    luncuonallzauon of Laser Scrlbed Craphene wlLh MeLals
    M.l. Ll-kady, v. SLrong, S. uubln, 8.8. kaner, #$%&'$&
    333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    Why Lnergy SLorage?
    8auery roblems
    WhaL ls Lhe dlerence beLween power and Lnergy?
    www.maxwell.com
    e.g. Capac|tor
    -h|gh power
    -|ow energy
    e.g. bauery
    -n|gh energy
    -Low power
    SupercapaclLor
    Lnergy and ower
    CapLures and sLores regenerauve energy durlng
    load, fuel savlng 40
    uLCA capaclLor
    module
    *+,!-+! 321, 631-632 (2008)
    www.maxwel.com www.maxwel.com
    lndusLrlal Appllcauons of SupercapaclLors
    SonyLrlcsson k800
    SLandard bauery powered ash SupercapaclLor powered ash
    nokla reLroL
    Consumer LlecLronlcs
    www.cap-xx.com
    Ml1 Lechnology revlew, 2009
    SupercapaclLors could provlde Lhe greenesL way for powerlng clLy buses
    hup://www.lckr.com/phoLos/shanghal_sunwln_bus_corporauon/6730978683/
    nexL SLop: SupercapaclLors 8uses
    hup://Clean1echnlca.com
    World's llrsL Lnergy-Ceneraung 8evolvlng uoor
    Lnergy denslLy (Wh/kg)

    o
    w
    e
    r

    d
    e
    n
    s
    l
    L
    y

    (
    W
    /
    k
    g
    )

    kagone |ot
    bauer|es supercapac|tors
    capac|tors
    nLV goa|*
    PLv = hybrld elecLrlc vehlcles
    *u. Powell, u.S. ueparLmenL of Lnergy, 2008
    ! rob|em: Achlevlng boLh hlgh energy and hlgh power denslLy
    ! So|unon: LlecLrodes wlLh hlgh surface area and hlgh conducuvlLy
    CurrenL Lnergy SLorage 1echnology
    ! 1heoreucal speclc capaclLance 330 l/g *
    ! Achleved so far ~100-130 l/g
    ! roblem: 8esLacklng of graphene sheeLs
    = &$"3 &$-8"!+53 4, 303 (2009).
    1heoreucal surface area = 2630 m
    2
    /g
    Lnergy denslLy (Wh/kg)

    o
    w
    e
    r

    d
    e
    n
    s
    l
    L
    y

    (
    W
    /
    k
    g
    )

    graphene
    Craphene: Plgh Lnergy and ower uenslues
    Maklng graphene supercapaclLors
    ls as easy as burnlng a uvu
    M.l. Ll-kady, v.SLrong, S.uubln, 8.8. kaner, *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    Maklng Craphene SupercapaclLors ln a uvu 8urner
    *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    LSG GC
    1 m
    Slde vlew
    1 m
    Slde vlew
    Acnvated Carbon LSG Impact
    LlecLrlcal conducuvlLy (S/m) 10-100 1740 Plgh power denslLy
    Surface area (m
    2
    /g)
    1000-2000 (mlcropores)
    1320 (accesslble) Plgh energy denslLy
    Mechanlcal properues owder llexlble elecLrodes llexlble devlces
    8lnders and currenL collecLor ?es no Slmple fabrlcauon
    AcuvaLed carbon
    LSC elecLrode
    Plgh-erformance Laser Scrlbed Craphene LlecLrodes
    8endlng radlus of 3 mm
    8endlng
    8elease
    oLenual candldaLe for llexlble LlecLronlcs
    LlecLro-Mechanlcal roperues of LSC LlecLrodes
    *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    Wearable elecLronlcs (>4? @$"+5A
    LC LlecLronlc newspaper llexlble keyboard
    bauerles
    Samsung exlble AMCLLu dlsplay llexlble polymer solar cell
    SupercapaclLors
    Lnergy sLorage sysLems
    ln Lhe markeLplace
    need for llexlble Lnergy SLorage
    P. nlshlde and k. Cyalzu, #$%&'$& 319, 737-738 (2008)
    Scan raLe 1000 mv/s
    CurrenL collecLor
    Acuve maLerlal
    SeparaLor + elecLrolyLe
    Acuve maLerlal
    CurrenL collecLor
    SLack capaclLance
    Iast |on transport
    Acnvated carbon
    LSG
    *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    Plgh-erformance LSC SupercapaclLors
    1ms 30ms 10,000 ms
    AL -43, capaclLance = reslsLance
    A| e|ectro|ync cap
    Acnvated Carbon LC
    LSG-LC
    LSC supercap ls 2-3 orders of magnlLudes umes fasLer Lhan AC supercap
    8apld lrequency 8esponse
    *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    elecLrolyLe
    vA/P
    3
    C
    4

    LSC llexlble conducLor
    Charged LSC
    SupercapaclLor
    LLD
    llexlble, All-Solld-SLaLe SupercapaclLors
    VA-n
    3
    C
    4

    3.6 v
    2,200mA
    3.6 v
    2,200mA
    3.6 v
    2,200mA
    3.6 v
    2,200mA
    3.6 v
    2,200mA
    3.6 v
    2,200mA
    3.6 v
    2,200mA
    3.6 v
    2,200mA
    + -
    3.6v 7.2v 10.8v 14.4v
    2,200mAh 4,400mAh
    SLandard Ll-lon bauery
    3.6v - 2,200mAh
    1andem SupercapaclLors
    *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    Cyc||ng ||fe She|f ||fe
    Cycllng and Shelf-Llfe
    *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    Lnergy uenslLy = 1/2 Cv
    2

    L|ectro|yte otenna| w|ndow C (I]g)
    Aq. P
    3
    C
    4
    1 v 202
    vA-P
    3
    C
    4
    1 v 183
    1LA-8l
    4
    /CP
    3
    Cn 3 v 263
    LMlM8l
    4

    (lonlc llquld)
    4 v 276
    " Plgh operaung volLage
    " Plgh Lhermal sLablllLy
    (up Lo 330C)
    " nonvolaullLy
    " Plgh lon denslLy
    lonlc Llquld
    LL
    4
    n8l
    4

    Crganlc LlecLrolyLe
    ulssolved ln AceLonlLrlle
    Lnergy uenslLy and oLenual Wlndow
    *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    LSC vs. Commerclal SupercapaclLors
    *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    # 1he ploL shows Lhe energy denslLy and power denslLy of Lhe sLack for all Lhe
    devlces LesLed (lncludlng currenL collecLor, acuve maLerlal, elecLrolyLe and
    separaLor).
    # Addluonal feaLures: exlble, llghLwelghL, currenL collecLor free and blnder free
    LSC vs. Commerclal SupercapaclLors
    *+,!-+! 333, 1326-1330 (2012)
    k|ce Un|vers|ty UCLA
    1echnlque CC
    2
    Laser rlnLer LlghLScrlbe
    Laser ower 1-3W 3mW
    8esoluuon 100 m (esumaLed) 10 m
    rlce 3000 20
    ConducuvlLy (S/m) 83 (2.4W), 18 (3W) esum. 1738
    Cxygen conLenL 10-17 3.3
    Surface area (m
    2
    /g) nA 1320
    Cperaung raLe up Lo 40 mv/s up Lo 10,000 mv/s
    lnLernal reslsLance 126, 6300 ohm 16 ohm
    SLablllLy aer 10,000
    cycles
    Loses 30-33 of Lhe
    orlglnal response
    Loses 3 of Lhe orlglnal
    response
    Areal capaclLance (ml/cm
    2
    ) 1-3 3.7-3
    Lnergy uenslLy (Wh/cm
    3
    ) ~4 (acuve maLerlal only) ~1.3 (whole sLack)
    ower uenslLy (W/cm
    3
    ) ~6 (acuve maLerlal only) 20 (whole sLack)
    LSC SupercapaclLor vs. LlLeraLure
    Ll-kady, M.l., kaner, 8.8., eL al. *+,!-+!, 333, 1326 (2012).
    ullckel A[ayan eL al., &$"'(! &$-8"!+53 6, 496 (2011).
    Llghung up an LLu
    Ll-kady, M.l., kaner, 8.8., eL al. *+,!-+!, 333, 1326 (2012).
    ullckel A[ayan eL al., &$"'(! &$-8"!+53 6, 496 (2011).
    ower dress|ng. ueslgn and concepL for self-powerlng smarL garmenLs LhaL
    harvesL energy from body movemenL and sLores Lhem ln supercapaclLors.
    Samsung llexlble AMCLLu dlsplay
    Appllcauons
    John R. Miller, Science 335, 1312 (2012).
    Moore's Law
    hup://www.cmg.org/measurelL/lssues/mlL41/m_41_2.hLml
    hup://www.kk.org/LheLechnlum/archlves/2009/07/was_moores_law.php
    hup://dly-bauery.com/where-ls-Lhe-bauery-on-Lhe-lphone-4/
    8auerles/CapaclLors Llmlung Lhe MlnlaLurlzauon 1rend
    B81 C3 73 D'E!-58F!-) 2EF3 >-!(0G 7$"!(3 (, 10-33 (2011)
    Slmon, CogoLsl eL al.) *+,!-+! 3 328, 480-483 (2010)
    Slmon, CogoLsl eL al., B3 H8I!( *8'(+!1 (2010)
    &$"'(! &$-8"!+5-8%80G. S, 631-634. (2010)
    Cardlac pacemaker
    8llu
    MLMS sensors
    Pearlng alds
    MlnlaLurlzed elecLronlcs Mlcro-bauerles
    Mlcro-supercapaclLors
    Adv. Lnergy MaLer. 1, 10-33 (2011)
    need for MlnlaLurlzed Lnergy SLorage
    >100 mlcro-supercapaclLors made ln <30 mlnuLes
    SubsLraLe
    LSC
    SeparaLor &
    LlecLrolyLe
    200 m
    LlecLrode
    maLerlal
    hyslcal separaLor &
    elecLrolyLe
    osluve
    elecLrode
    Scalable labrlcauon of Craphene Mlcro-SupercapaclLors
    Maher l. Ll-kady & 8lchard 8. kaner. &$"'(! 4866'-,+$J8-13 4, 1473 (2013)
    lnLerdlglLaLed (planar) sLrucLure
    SLacked (Sandwlch) sLrucLure
    lasL lonlc uluslon ln Lhe lanar SLrucLure
    &$"'(! 4866'-,+$J8-13 4, 1473 (2013)
    LlecLrolyLe: vA-P
    2
    SC
    4

    MSC(4)
    MSC(8) MSC(16)
    Lnergy & ower denslues
    Mean lonlc paLh
    MlnlaLurlzauon 8esulLs ln lncreased Lnergy and
    ower
    &$"'(! 4866'-,+$J8-13 4, 1473 (2013)
    1. CVD graphene may be useful for electronic devices.
    2. Chemically converted graphene makes robust sensors and
    with carbon naotubes transparent conducting electrodes.
    3. Laser scribing of graphite oxide enables fine-tuned
    patterning of graphene and direct writing of sensors.
    4. Laser scribed graphene makes high-performance, flexible
    supercapacitors.
    5. Graphene micro-supercapacitors can be mass produced
    readily using a DVD burner.
    For additional details please see:
    Wassei, J.K., Kaner, R.B. Oh, all the places youll go with
    graphene Accounts of Chemical Research (46, 2244, 2013).
    Concluslons
    1he Super SupercapaclLor
    Dr. Mauhew A||en
    Mckenz|e & Co.
    Dr. V|ncent 1ung
    UC Merced
    Dr. Scou G||[e
    Northrop-Grumman
    Sergey Dub|n Ia|me 1orres
    Dr. Ionathan Wasse|
    ko||th Inc.
    Dr. Veron|ca Strong
    Inte|
    L|sa Wang
    Maher L|-kady

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