Assignment 01 1. What is the timeline of Baroque era? 1600-1750 A.D 2.

What does Baroque mean & from what which Portuguese word does it come from? An ornamented piece of jewelry and it was derived from the Italian word Barroco 3. State 5 characteristics of Baroque era. Music is now based on major and minor scales(C, D, E, F, G, A, B) Early Baroque composers favour homophonic texture (melody with simple chordal accompaniment) In late baroque period, polyphonic texture returned to music (use two or more melodic lines in music).it based on contrapuntal. (Same rhythmic pattern repeat in a different voice ) Rhythm- use of same rhythmic pattern throughout. Baroque music creates a feeling of continuity.(An opening melody will be heard over and over again) 4. What does polyphonic mean? Which form/Genre uses this element? Give an example of a composer who used this Genre extensively. More than one melody are played at once is called polyphonic. Fugue is a form uses this element. Composer: A. Vivaldi. 5. Name the keyboard instruments used in this era Harpsichord 6. Define: Terraced dynamics & Basso Continuo Terraced dynamics: The same melodic line is played either soft or hard. Basso Continuo: The accompaniment which in bass part was written numbers specify the chords to be played. Usually played by two instruments. 7. What are the instruments of the Baroque orchestra? String-violin, viola, cello, double bass, theorbo Wood wind- flute, oboe, bassoon Brass trumpet, horn Percussion- timpani Keyboard harpsichord

8. Name TWO vocal genres in the Baroque era & compare them. Opera Oratorio Opera Emotional content or primary entertainment to the audience through music The drama is presented using primary elements of theatre such as scenery, costumes and acting Oratorio Based in religious libretto in bible No costumes or scenery

9. Name TWO instrumental genres in the baroque era & briefly describe them. Fugue: A polyphonic composition based on one theme called a subject and when it appears in different voices (soprano, alto, tenor and bass) is called a fugue. Baroque sonata: Composition which consists of two or more contrasting movements written for 2 or more instruments and it often performed in church and kings court. Sonata composers are Corelli, Torelli, Scarlatti and Vivaldi. 10. Name FIVE composers in this period with their DOBS. J.S. Bach- March 31, 1685 A. Vivaldi- March 4, 1678 G.F. Handel- February 23, 1685 A. Corelli February 17, 1653 Henry Purcell - September 10, 1659