BOREHOLE SEISMIC

3D VSP

Baker Atlas

3D VSP
Tie of events to depth for 3-D seismic High resolution near the well Low cost for simultaneous acquisition with surface 3D or for reverse VSP method Extra studies - Anisotropy, AVO Application to 4-D seismic studies

3D VSP ACQUISITION
Rectangular grid - onshore Circular or spiral marine acquisition Detailed pre-survey modeling Simultaneous acquisition with surface seismic Reverse VSP

3D VSP ACQUISITION
Rectangular grid Blackfoot survey - Alberta, Canada Circular grid Oseberg field - North Sea

3D VSP ACQUISITION
Survey Geometry Example circular walkaways deviated well five 3-components geophones
Y North well head circular wakaways

X East

sea bottom

borehole

source receiver

Z depth

3D VSP PROCESSING
Standard procedures available in SEISLINK Special processing :

Statistical tool orientation Statics application Wavefield separation Imaging 3D Visualization Data volume considerations

3-COMPONENT ROTATION
rotate the data into a common coordinate system, the radial system receivers are not gimbal mounted

V H1 H2 R

Z T

3-C rotation Radial System

Downhole System
source receiver

3-C ROTATION
EXAMPLES OF HODOGRAMS

3D VSP PROCESSING
Statistical estimate of tool orientation

WAVEFIELD SEPARATION
Three common techniques

f-k (frequency-wavenumber) filtering Medium filtering Parametric Decomposition

Circle16 Upwaves after three different wavefield separation techniques

After F-K filtering

time

time

time

After Median Filtering

After Parametric Decomposition

WAVEFIELD SEPARATION
f-k filtering does not allow a good separation Median filtering: sharp image but too small receiver array to do a good separation Parametric Decomposition: takes into account vertical and radial components can separate overlapping events but image poorer in high frequencies

WAVEFIELD SEPARATION
PARAMETRIC DECOMPOSITION Circle16 - Comparison between real and synthetic data for one gather.
Vertical Component Radial Component

time

time

time

time

FINAL UPWAVES FOR IMAGING

3D VSP IMAGING
Kirchhoff migration VSP-CDP transformation Splice VSP image into surface seismic

SURFACE SEISMIC AND VSP

MIGRATION ELLIPSES
S G

Surface Seismic Prestack Migration Ellipse VSP geometry Vertical and deviated well

VSP migration ellipse

source geophone

OFFSET VSP MIGRATION ELLIPSE

Offset VSP geometry

S G

Offset VSP migration ellipse

S G

VSP MIGRATION
KIRCHHOFF SUMMATION

TRAVEL TIME AND MIGRATION RESPONSE

984005_SEG98-7

VSP MIGRATION
SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE Synthetic dataset input to migration Migrated data

3D VSP MIGRATION

3D VSP MIGRATION
SPLICED INTO SURFACE SEISMIC

VSP-CDP TRANSFORMATION
TRACE BENT ALONG TRAJECTORY
Offset VSP Ray Trace 1 Geophone Bent Trace Display Stretched along Reflection Track

Western Atlas Logging Services

VSP Training: 51

VSP-CDP TRANSFORMATION
BINNING AND STACKING
Stretched Along Reflection Track

Bent Traces

Binned at 25 Meter Interval

VSP - CDP Transform

Depth (meters)
Western Atlas Logging Services

VSP Training: 52

2D VSP-CDP TRANSFORMATION

3D VSP-CDP TRANSFORMATION
SPLICED INTO SURFACE SEISMIC

3D VISUALISATION

3D VSP
REAL DATA EXAMPLES
Oseberg Blackfoot Vinton Dome

3D VSP - OSEBERG
38 circular walkaways 9900 shots deviated well 5-level receiver tool, 3-component receivers Non-gimballed phones Depth range : 2250 m - 2310 m Offset range : 200 m - 2500 m

OSEBERG VSP GEOMETRY

Survey geometry schematic Circles centered above receivers
Y North circular wakaways

Source points map

well head

X East

sea bottom

borehole

source receiver

Z depth

3D MIGRATION CUBE LOCATION

3D MIGRATION DATA CUBE

SELECTED LINE LOCATION

3D VSP MIGRATION
Depth-to-time converted Spliced into surface seismic line

3D SURFACE SEISMIC MIGRATION

PROCESSED BY ELF

3D VSP-CDP TRANSFORMATION
Depth-to-time converted spliced into surface seismic line

3D VSP - BLACKFOOT
12 source lines 431 shots vertical well 5-level receiver tool, 3-component receivers Offset range : 200 m - 2000 m

SHOT POINT MAP

TOTAL WAVEFIELD

VSP-CDP mapping input data

REFLECTION POINT MAP RECTANGULAR BIN

P WAVE TIME TRANSFORM

RECTANGULAR BIN

P-S WAVE RECTANGULAR BIN

3D IMAGE VOLUME

REFLECTION POINT MAP POLAR BIN

P WAVE TIME TRANSFORM POLAR BIN

P-S WAVE TRANSFORM POLAR BIN

SURFACE AND BOREHOLE SEISMIC COMPARISON

47700

47500

46900

46700

47700

47500

47300

47100

47300

47100

46900

TIME

600

800 1000

1200 1400 1600

Zhangs Imaging Result University of Calgary

3D VSP Migration Result (depth-to-time conversion)

46700

3D - MIGRATION RESULT

3D VSP - VINTON DOME

3-C velocity phones deployed in two wellbores Permanent (cemented) array of 62 levels at 50-ft spacing (950 to 4,000 ft) Retrievable system array of 40 levels at 50-ft spacing (350 to 2,300 ft) Data were recorded using an I/O RSR System II acquisition system. Recording of downhole data using RSR technology could be interfaced with an MRX I/O System II cable system. Minimal impact to surface seismic crew operations

3D VSP - VINTON DOME

Onshore Gulf Coast Oil Field

Piercement salt structure, multiple pay horizons Over 140-MM barrels of oil produced Spatial resolution of small (< 10 acre) compartments crucial for further development

3D VSP - VINTON DOME

BENEFITS

Simultaneous acquisition of surface and downhole data - Key to significant cost savings and quick turnaround to useful image Unique data quality and reproducibility - High signal-to-noise level (ambient) in cemented wellbore (over 80 dB) due to coupling of cemented phones Permanent downhole array is part of baseline survey for time-lapse (4-D) applications. Downhole data aid in steep dip and salt flank imaging to augment surface data. All data acquired and controlled by the same recording instruments

3D VSP - VINTON DOME

BENEFITS

Improved interpretation due to early incorporation of accurate downhole velocity model Enhanced resolution of small reservoir compartments through integration of surface and downhole data Improved spatial positioning due to velocity model accuracy VSP-AVO reflector calibration and lithology upscaling Salt flank imaging and near-salt heterogeneity imaging Anisotropy parameter estimation near wellbore Complimentary measurements of attributes for both data volumes; for example, statics, amplitudes, and velocities

Deploying the 3-C Array

3D Postplot Showing Location of Instrumented Wells

+++
Receivers XXX Sources Instrumented Well Source Points

C B A

6000 ft

Geologic Cross Section

C 0 1000 2000 3000 TVD ss(ft) 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 B A G-23

3-D Migrated Profile Through Sources A, B, C, and an Instrumented Well

C 0 B A G-23

1000
Time (ms)

Salt G-23

2000

3000

Source Statics from Surface Seismic

Source Record Along a Radial Profile Through One of the Instrumented Wells - Depths from 950 ft. to 4,000 ft.
Radial Component
0

Tangential Component

Vertical Component
0

400

400

Time (ms)

800

800

1200

1200

1600

1600

2000 Source A - Offset 1,179 ft.

2000

Source Record Along a Radial Profile Through One of the Instrumented Wells - Depths from 950 ft. to 4,000 ft.
Radial Component
0

Tangential Component

Vertical Component
0

400

400

Time (ms)

800

800

1200

1200

1600

1600

2000 Source B - Offset 2,582 ft.

2000

Source Record Along a Radial Profile Through One of the Instrumented Wells - Depths from 950 ft. to 4,000 ft.
Radial Component
0

Tangential Component

Vertical Component
0

400

400

Time (ms)

800

800

1200

1200

1600

1600

2000 Source C - Offset 6,232 ft.

2000