From the desk of Wendy Aguilar R.

/ English Teacher

Present Perfect Tense

FORM [has/have + past participle] Examples: You have seen that movie many times. Have you seen that movie many times? You have not seen that movie many times.

USE 1 - UNSPECIFIED TIME BEFORE NOW

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time efore no!. "he exact time is not important. You #$%%&" use the Present Perfect !ith specific time expressions such as: yesterday' one year a(o' last !ee)' !hen * !as a child' !hen * lived in +apan' at that moment' that day' one day' etc. We #$% use the Present Perfect !ith unspecific expressions such as: ever' never' once' many times' several times' efore' so far' already' yet' etc. Examples: * have seen that movie t!enty times. * thin) * have met him once efore. "here have een many earth,ua)es in #alifornia. People have trave!e" to the -oon. People have not trave!e" to -ars. Have you rea" the oo) yet? %o ody has ever c!#m e" that mountain. $: Has there ever een a !ar in the .nited /tates? 0: Yes' there has een a !ar in the .nited /tates.

HOW DO YOU ACTUALLY USE THE PRESENT PERFECT? "he concept of 1unspecified time1 can e very confusin( to En(lish learners. *t is est to associate Present Perfect !ith the follo!in( topics: TOPIC 1 - E$%er#ence

You can use the Present Perfect to descri e your experience. *t is li)e sayin(' 1* have the experience of...1 You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. "he Present Perfect is %&" used to descri e a specific event. Examples: * have een to 2rance. This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times. * have een to 2rance three times. You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.

From the desk of Wendy Aguilar R. / English Teacher

* have never een to 2rance. This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France. * thin) * have seen that movie efore. 3e has never trave!e" y train. +oan has st&"#e" t!o forei(n lan(ua(es. $: Have you ever met him? 0: %o' * have not met him. TOPIC ' - Chan(e Over T#me

We often use the Present Perfect to tal) a out chan(e that has happened over a period of time. Examples: You have (ro)n since the last time * sa! you. "he (overnment has ecome more interested in arts education. +apanese has ecome one of the most popular courses at the university since the $sian studies pro(ram !as esta lished. -y En(lish has really #m%rove" since * moved to $ustralia. TOPIC * - +ccom%!#shments

We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time. Examples: -an has )a!,e" on the -oon. &ur son has !earne" ho! to read. 4octors have c&re" many deadly diseases. /cientists have s%!#t the atom. TOPIC - - +n Uncom%!ete" +ct#on .o& +re E$%ect#n(

We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action !hich !e expected has not happened. .sin( the Present Perfect su((ests that !e are still !aitin( for the action to happen. Examples: +ames has not f#n#she" his home!or) yet. /usan hasn/t mastere" +apanese' ut she can communicate. 0ill has still not arr#ve". "he rain hasn/t sto%%e". TOPIC 0 - M&!t#%!e +ct#ons at D#fferent T#mes

We also use the Present Perfect to tal) a out several different actions !hich have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect su((ests the process is not complete and more actions are possi le.

From the desk of Wendy Aguilar R. / English Teacher

Examples: "he army has attac,e" that city five times. * have ha" four ,ui55es and five tests so far this semester. We have ha" many ma6or pro lems !hile !or)in( on this pro6ect. /he has ta!,e" to several specialists a out her pro lem' ut no ody )no!s !hy she is sic).

TIME EXPRESSIONS WITH PRESENT PERFECT When !e use the Present Perfect it means that somethin( has happened at some point in our lives efore no!. 7emem er' the exact time the action happened is not important.

/ometimes' !e !ant to limit the time !e are loo)in( in for an experience. We can do this !ith expressions such as: in the last !ee)' in the last year' this !ee)' this month' so far' up to no!' etc.

Examples: NOTICE 18ast year1 and 1in the last year1 are very different in meanin(. 18ast year1 means the year efore no!' and it is considered a specific time !hich re,uires /imple Past. 1*n the last year1 means from 9:; days a(o until no!. *t is not considered a specific time' so it re,uires Present Perfect. Examples: * I * I )ent to -exico !ast 1ear. went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one. have een to -exico #n the !ast 1ear. have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 3 ! days ago and now. Have you een to -exico #n the !ast 1ear? * have seen that movie six times #n the !ast month. "hey have ha" three tests #n the !ast )ee,. /he (raduated from university less than three years a(o. /he has )or,e" for three different companies so far. -y car has ro,en do!n three times th#s )ee,.

From the desk of Wendy Aguilar R. / English Teacher

USE ' - DUR+TION FROM THE P+ST UNTI2 NOW 3NON-CONTINUOUS VERBS4

With %on<#ontinuous =er s' !e use the Present Perfect to sho! that somethin( started in the past and has continued up until no!. 12or five minutes'1 1for t!o !ee)s'1 and 1since "uesday1 are all durations !hich can e used !ith the Present Perfect. Examples: * have ha" a cold for t!o !ee)s. /he has een in En(land for six months. -ary has !ove" chocolate since she !as a little (irl.

$lthou(h the a ove use of Present Perfect is normally limited to %on<#ontinuous =er s and non<continuous uses of -ixed =er s' the !ords 1live'1 1!or)'1 1teach'1 and 1study1 are sometimes used in this !ay even thou(h they are %&" %on<#ontinuous =er s. ADVERB PLACEMENT "he examples elo! sho! the placement for (rammar adver s such as: al!ays' only' never' ever' still' 6ust' etc. Examples: You have on!1 seen that movie one time. 3ave you on!1 seen that movie one time?