KAEA 1121 ENGINEERING MECHANICS THREE PINNED ARCHES An efficient method of connecting two structural members is by inserting a pin

n or hinge. Examples include the construction of the three pinned arch or the portal frame.

Inserting a pin or hinge to a structure as shown above, changes the structure from being INDETE !INATE to DETE !INATE because a pin or hinge cannot carry moment, i.e moment at the hinge " #. Any point on the arch or frame is sub$ected to BENDING MOMENT, SHEAR FORCE and AXIAL FORCE, and these functions can be drawn for each of the structural element. %ince a hinge cannot carry any moment, analysis of three pinned structures can be done using the following e&uations' ( ) " #, ( * " # and ( ! " # E&uilibrium e&uations for the whole structure + ( !, " # !oments ta-en about the hinge, to the left or right side of the pin %ince the three pinned arch or portal frame is now DETE !INATE .statically/, it is easy to analyse. Example 0 Three pinned arch with concentrated load ,

1alculate the support reactions ( !A " # ()"# (*"# , . x " )2 . 3 , " ) A + )2 *A " *2 )2 is -nown )A is -nown

2ut ( !1 " #, Ta-ing moments to the right of the hinge 1, *2 x * " )2 x 345 *2 can be found, and hence *A Example 6 A three pinned portal frame A21D is inserted with a hinge at 1. If a vertical load of 57 -N acts at 2, draw the %8, 2! and A8 diagrams for this portal. .*int' The diagrams of these functions consist of straight lines .linear behaviour/

6/

1alculate the support reactions ( !A " #, 69 )D " 57 x 7 )D " 9.:7 -N ( ) " #, )A + )D " 57 )A" 69.;7 -N *D " 9.:7 -N

( !1 " #, ta-ing moments to the right of 1 *D x 7 " )D x 7 ( * " #, *A " *D " 9.:7 -N 5/ 2ending !oment 1alculations ,ortal elements are straight and loading is a point load, 2! diagram is linear. !A " # .!oment at supports " #/ !B (to the left of member/, !B = +)A .7/ < *A .7/ " 69.;7 .7/ 0 .9.:7 x 7/ " 76.7 -Nm .+ve, sag/ !1 " # . pinned/ !D " # .!oment at supports " #/

)6 and T6 are the =ar and parallel components of force )A )5 and T5 are the =ar and parallel components of force *A )6 and )5 are %.8 components, T6 and T5 are A.8 components, %imilarly, ): and )> are %.8 components, T: and T> are A.8 components, Shear F r!e !ember A2, )A2 " )6 0 )5 " 69.;7 cos >7o 0 9.:7 cos >7o " 9.5? -N .constant/ !ember 21, ( ) " #, .to left of 1/ )21 " + )A 0 57 " < 9.:7 -N .constant/ !ember 1D, )1D .to the right of 1/ )1D " ): 0 )> " 9.:7 cos >7o < 9.:7 cos >7o " # A"#a$ F r!e !ember A2, TA2 " T6 + T5 " 69.;7 sin >7o + 9.:7 sin >7o " <69.;? -N .<ve, compression/ !ember 21, ( * " # .to left of 1/, TA1 " *A " < 9.:7 -N .<ve, compression/ !ember 1D, T1D .to the right of 1/ T1D " T: + T> " 9.:7 sin >7o + 9.:7 sin >7o " < 6#.:@ -N .<ve, compression/