Prediction of Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength of Flyash concrete using AAN

1. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a composite construction material.It is composed of cement and others cementious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, limestone, water and chemical admixtures. We can also consider concrete as a composite material that consists essentially of a binding medium within which are embedded particles or fragments of aggregates. Cement is an hydraulic binder ie a finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed with water forms a paste which sets and hardens by means of hydraulic reactions and processes and which after hardening retains its strength and stability even under water. Fly ash is defined as the finely devided residue resulting from the combustion of ground or powdered coal, which is transported from the firebox through the boiler by gases. This is a product of coal-fired electric generating plants. This is made up of fine particles, solid in nature, of ash that are carried into the air when fuel is combusted. It is a by-product from burning pulverized. This is a group of material is that can vary significantly in composition .Fly ash residue left from burning coal, which is collected on an electrostatic precipitator or in a baghouse. It mixes with flue gases that powdered coal is used to produce electric power. This is one of the residues generated in combustion, and comprises the fine particles that rise with the flue gases. Ash which does not rise is termed bottom ash. In an industrial context, fly ash usually refers to ash produced during combustion coal.The fly ash particles are generally glassy, solid and spherical in shape .The fineness of individual fly ash particle range from 1 micron to 1 mm size. The fineness of fly ash particles has a significant influence on its performance in cement concrete. Greater the surface area more will be the fineness of fly ash.The specific gravity of flyash varies over a wide rane of 1.9 to 2.55. Coal fly ash represents a major environmental problem. Alone 130 million tons of fly ash were produced from coal fired power plants. Around half of this fly ash is stored in landfills. Two types of fly ash are available: Class C fly ash, which is typically light or tan colored and is produced from burning lignite or sub bituminous coal, and Class F fly ash, which is dark grey and is produced from burning anthraciteor bituminous coal.. The chief difference between these classes is the amount of calcium, silica, alumina, and iron content in the ash.

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Prediction of Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength of Flyash concrete using AAN Disposing of flyash is a major problem anywhere, the factories used to dispose these flyash around their own factories and by leading to health hazards like respiratory and allergy problems to the people around. It also decreases the fertility of soil and yield; it also causes Air and Water pollution. The cost of construction materials is increasing day by day because of high demand, scarcity of raw materials, and high price of energy. From the standpoint of energy saving and conservation of natural resources, the use of alternative constituents in construction materials is now a global concern. The utilization of flyash in concrete could turn this waste material into a valuable resource. The traditional lab approach attracts some drawbacks such as lot of manual involvement, time consuming, chances of creeping of human errors, uncertain prediction and always invasive in nature. Hence to reduce above drawbacks, this study is undertaken to develop an ANN between concrete mix ingredients and compressive and tensile strength of mix. Artificial Neural Network (ANNs) are non linear data driven self adaptive as opposed to the traditional model based methods. They are powerful tools for modeling especially when the underlying data relationship is unknown. ANNs can identify and learn correlated patterns between input data sets and corresponding target values. After training, ANNs can be used to predict the outcome of new independent input data. ANNs imitate the learning process of the human brain and can process problems involving non linear, and complex data even if the data are imprecise and noisy. Thus when they are ideally suited for the modeling of agricultural data which are known to be complex and often non linear. A very important feature of these networks is their adaptive nature, where learning by example replaces programming in solving problems.

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Prediction of Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength of Flyash concrete using AAN

2. Literature Review
Effect of flyash on the properties of cement
Umesh Sharmal,Dr.D.Rastogi as said that Effect of fly ash on the properties of cement. This experimental work is an effort to try to develop the awareness and importance trial waste management and its utilization in productive manner among the people. In todays more environmentally-Conscious world, a more responsible approach to the environment is to increase the use of by-products of one industry which is disposed off as waste as row material for some other industry developed countries have made rapid strides in the utilization of supplementary Cementitious material in cement and concrete. lack of awareness, consumer preferences, negative marketing strategies and Lot of miss-understanding among the people have impeded their utilization in our country.More fine than that of the plain Portland cement. But IInd class and IIIrd class fly ash are not liable for blending as they are coarser. Standard Consistency of blended cement is comparatively less than that of ordinary Portland cement. It means that W/C. Ratio obtained is less than that of plain cement. Fly ash proves to be best waste for blending with Portland cement as it increases initial setting time and decreases the final setting time of cement considerably. Fly ash based blended cement is comparatively more sound. In case of compressive strength, fly ash blended cement imparts more strength. So blended cement proved as improved material as compared to O.P.C in all the properties of cement. Blended cement is economical and Eco-friendly. There is lot of saving in energy consumption while manufacturing such cement.

Effect of Fly Ash Additive on Concrete Properties (2012) C.Marthong, t.p.agrawal reported a comparative study on effects of concrete properties when OPC of varying grades were partially replaced by fly ash. The utilization of fly ash in concrete as partial replacement of cement is gaining immense importance today, mainly on account of the improvement in the long-term durability of concrete combined with ecological benefits. The main variable investigated in this study is variation of fly ash dosage of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. The compressive strength, durability and shrinkage of concrete were mainly studied. Test results shows that, inclusion of fly ash generally improves the concrete properties upto certain percent of replacement in all grades of OPC. From the experimental work carried out and the analysis of the results following conclusions seem to be valid with respect to the utilization of fly ash. Normal consistency increases with increase in the grade of cement and fly ash content. Setting time and soundness decreases with the increase in grade of cement. Use of fly ash
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Prediction of Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength of Flyash concrete using AAN improves the workability of concrete and workability increases with the decreases in the grade of cement. Influence of Fly Ash Replacement on Strength Properties of Cement Mortar (2012) Amarnath yerramala, rama chandurdu c, bhaskar desai v studied strength properties of fly ash mortars through laboratory investigations. OPC of 53 grade replaced with class F fly ash with 5 - 25 % in the increments of 5 %. The results shown that at early age at all fly ash replacements the strength decreased with respect to normal mortar. However, after 28 days and above the mortars made with fly ash replacement up to 15% resulted higher strength than normal OPC mortar. Fly ash replacement of 20 and 25% always had lower strength than normal mortar. It was found that 10% fly ash is the optimum content for maximum strength. Compressive strength increased with curing age for all fly ash replacements. Irrespective of fly ash percentage the compressive strength decreased at early age when compared to reference mortar.. Artificial neural network for predicting drying shrinkage of concrete (2012) Lyes BAL, Franois Buyle-Bodin presented the application of a nonparametric approach called Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in order to predict effectively dimensional variations due to drying shrinkage. Using this approach it was allowed to develop models for predicting shrinkage. These models used a multi layer back propagation. It appeared that ANN approach describes correctly the evolution with time of drying shrinkage. They developed a model which was generally more precise to the prediction of the shrinkage, requiring low calculation time. Their study opened different perspectives that bring in the future to minimize the number of tests in laboratory and to save time and money. It was also reasonable to consider a generalization of the data.. Finally, by adding a principal component analysis in the progress of the technique of the Artificial Neural Network, it should be possible in the future to reduce the number of parameters to those identified as dominant and then limit the necessary laboratory tests to predict the drying shrinkage for new formulations of concrete. Artificial Neural Networks and its Applications Girish Kumar Jha as studied about Artificial Neural Networks and their applications .Neural networks have seen an explosion of intrest over the last few years and are being successfully
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Prediction of Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength of Flyash concrete using AAN applied across an extraordinary range of problem domains, in ares as finance, medicine, engineering, geology, physics and biology. From a statistical perspective neural networks are interesting because of their potential use in prediction and classification problems . ANNs are powerful tools for modelling, especially when the underlying data relationship is unknown. A very important feature of these networks is their adaptive nature, where learning by example replaces programming in solving problems.Neural networks(NNs) have been used for a wide variety of applications , they have been used in classification problems, such as identifying under water sonar currents, mainly used to predict the values.It is essential to understand the potential as well as limitations of neural networks . According to Girish Kumar Jha even though neural networks have a huge potential we will only get the best of them when thry are integrated with artificial intelligence,Fuzzy logic and related subjects. Development of Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Concrete Compressive Strength(2010) This research work focuses on development of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in prediction of compressive strength of concrete after 28 days. To predict the compressive strength of concrete six input parameters that are cement, water, silica fume, super plasticizer, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are identified. A total of 639 different data sets of concrete was collected from the technical literature. Training data sets comprises 400 data entries, and the remaining data entries (239) are divided between the validation and testing sets. Different combinations of layers, number of neurons, activation functions, different values for learning rate and momentum were considered and the results were validated using an independent validation data set. OBJECTIVES 1. To investigate mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and comparing the results of different mix proportioning with and without flyash. 2. Development of ANN model to predict compressive and split tensile strength of concrete with partial and full replacement of cement with flyash.

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Prediction of Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength of Flyash concrete using AAN

3.METHODOLOGY
The methodology is shown in flow chart below.

Studying the Physical properties of materials namely flyash, cement, Cement and Aggregate

Based on properties mix designing for M20 Grade Concrete with and without flyash IS 10262:2009 IS 10262:2009. The percentage of flyash is to be added by weight is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% ,25% and 100% replacement of cement with flyash

Calculation of amount of Materials and Casting of Specimen

Curing of Specimens.

Testing of Specimens

Collection of test Results

Training, testing, validation of developed ANN model and generation of weighted matrix.

Comparison of Experimental and Predicted values and development of Graphs and Charts

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Prediction of Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength of Flyash concrete using AAN

4. EXPECTED OUTCOME
1. The compressive strength and split tensile strength test results of flyash concrete can be compared with the normal concrete. 2. Developed ANN model can predict compressive and split tensile strength of concrete with and without flyash.

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Prediction of Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength of Flyash concrete using AAN

REFERENCES
[1] Dr.G.PrinceArulraj And Mr.A.Adin and Mr.T.SureshKannanIRACST Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal (ESTIJ), ISSN: 2250-3498,Vol.3, No.1, February 2013 [2] ChandanaSukesh, Bala Krishna Katakam, P Saha and K. Shyam Chamberlin IACSIT Coimbatore Conferences IPCSIT vol. 28 (2012) [3] Manasseh JOEL Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies ISSN 15831078 [4] Divakar. Y , Manjunath.S and Dr. M.U. Aswath International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies [5] VitoldasVaitkeviius, Evaldaserelis, RamintaL ygutait ISSN 20299990 2013. No. 2(3) [6] T. Felixkalaand P. Partheeban Vol. 3 No. 3 (Mar 2010) ISSN: 0974- 6846 [7] D. S. Rajendra Prasad , S. Suresh , G. S. ShashidharInternational Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, October 2011. [8] O. S. Olaniyan, O.M. Afolabi and O.M. OkeyinkaInternational Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 2 No. 8, August, 2012 [9] Felixkala T and Sethuraman V.S International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 8958, Volume-2, Issue-3, February 2013 [10] Kanmalai Williams C. , Partheeban P. , Felix Kala T. International Journal on Design and Manufacturing Technologies, Vol.2, No.1, July 2008 [11] Dr.T. Felix Kala Research Inventy: International Journal Of Engineering And Science Vol.2, Issue 12 (May 2013), Pp 36-50 [12] VENU MALAGAVELLI VenuMalagavelli et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and TechnologyVol. 2(10), 2010, 5107-5113 [13] D. A. Opeyemi, O. O. Makinde International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012) [14] Bahoria B.V., Parbat D.K.2 and Naganaik P.B. Journal of Environmental Research And Development Vol. 7 No. 4A, April-June 2013.
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Prediction of Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength of Flyash concrete using AAN

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