SUMMER TRAINING REPORT CONDUCTED AT

RAJDHANI POWER LTD.

ON

BILLING PROCEDURE AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

in partial fulfill !nt "f t#! r!$uir! !nt% f"r t#! a&ar' "f '!(r!! "f Ma%t!r% Of Bu%in!%% A' ini%trati"n

)*+),)*+Su. itt!' B/0, 1in2!nt Dani!l Cl! !nt

DECLARATION
1

I VINCENT DANIEL CLEMENT, of GGSIPU here by declare that the pro ect e!t"tled #ILLING S$STEMS% "& a! or"'"!al (or) * &a+e ha& !ot bee! &,b+"tted to a!y other "!&t"t,te for the a(ard of a!y other de'ree. The "!ter"+ report (a& pre&e!ted to the S,per-"&or Mr. A!a!d M"!' . The fea&"ble &,''e&t"o!& ha-e bee! d,ly "!corporated "! co!&,ltat"o! ("th the &,per-"&or.

Si(natur! "f Can'i'at!

AC3NOWLEDGEMENT

I ta)e th"& opport,!"ty to e/te!d +y &"!cere tha!)& to BSES P"&!r Lt'., La pat Na'ar0., for offer"!' a ,!"1,e platfor+ to ear! e/po&,re a!d 'ar!er )!o(led'e "! the f"eld of 2,+a! 3e&o,rce Ma!a'e+e!t I a+ tha!)f,l to +y &,per"or a!d pro ect ',"de, Mr4Anan' Min(,AP4, #SES Po(er Ltd., La pat Na'ar0., for h"& )"!d &,pport, ',"da!ce a!d e!co,ra'e+e!t he ha& e/te!ded to +e thro,'ho,t the pro ect. I (o,ld l")e to tha!) Mr4 1in"' Sin(# 5S.46, R""p Sin(#5S.46 a!d Su.#a%# 5AG0.6, #SES Po(er l"+"ted, La pat Na'ar, Ne( Delh" for pro-"d"!' +e all fac"l"t"e& d,r"!' +y pro ect a!d for h"& co!&"&te!ce &,pport, per&e-era!ce a!d able ',"da!ce thro,'ho,t the pro ect. I (o,ld l")e to tha!) the e!t"re #SES tea+ for the"r d"rect a!d "!d"rect "!p,t& to(ard& th"& pro ect. 7or)"!' thro,'h th"& pro ect ha& bee! "!deed a -ery e!r"ch"!' e/per"e!ce. V"!ce!t Da!"el Cle+e!t M#A

TABLE OF CONTENTS
8

AC9N47LEDGEMENTS ::::::::::::::::::::: 8 A#ST3ACT ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ; 4#<ECTIVES 4= 3EP43T ::::::::::::::::::::. INT34DUCTI4N T4 P47E3 SECT43, DEL2I ::::::::::: > 1?

C4MPAN$ P34=ILE ::::::::::::::::::::::.. 1@ MISSI4N AND VISI4N:::::::::::::::::::::.: 1; #ILLING P34CESS :::::::::::::::::::::::.. 1> T$PES 4= #ILLING :::::::::::::::::::::::. .? #ILLS :::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::. .. 7439 PE3=43MED #$ #ILLING Dept. ::::::::::::: : 8? ANAL$SIS 4= STATEMENTS ::::::::::::::::::: 81 CLASSI=ICATI4NS 4= 3ATI4S ::::::::::::::::::. 88 3ATI4 ANAL$SIS ::::::::::::::::::::::: : 8A T3ANSMISSI4N * DIST3I#UTI4N 5T*D6 L4SS ::::::::::.. B@ AGG3EGATE TEC2NICAL * C4MME3CIAL 5AT*C6 L4SS:::::: BB 3EAS4NS =43 AT*C L4SS::::::::::::::::::: B; CAUSES =43 L47 3EVENUE 3EALICATI4N:::::::::::.. BD MEASU3ES =43 CU3#ING P47E3 T2E=T AND AT*C L4SS 3EDUCTI4N ST3ATEGIES::::::::::::::::::::::::::.. B> #I#LI4G3AP2$ :::::::::::::::::::::::::.A8

LIST OF TABLES

T"pi2 Deta"l& of #3PL a!d #$PL Deta"l& of C,rre!t 3at"o Deta"l& of E,"c) 3at"o Deta"l& of Debt0 E1,"ty 3at"o Deta"l& of 7or)"!' Cap"tal 3at"o Deta"l& of Debt to Total =,!d 3at"o Deta"l& of C,rre!t Ca&h Debt E1,"ty 3at"o Deta"l& of Ca&h 3et,r! o! Sale& 3at"o Deta"l& of Ca&h I!tere&t Co-era'e 3at"o Deta"l& of ="/ed A&&et P,rcha&e 3at"o

Pa(! N"4 1A 8; 8> @1 @8 @B @A @D B? B.

LIST OF FIGURES

T"pi2 Str,ct,re of #3PL a!d #$PL C,rre!t 3at"o E,"c) 3at"o Debt0 E1,"ty 3at"o 7or)"!' Cap"tal 3at"o Debt to Total =,!d 3at"o C,rre!t Ca&h Debt E1,"ty 3at"o Ca&h 3et,r! o! Sale& 3at"o Ca&h I!tere&t Co-era'e 3at"o ="/ed A&&et P,rcha&e 3at"o T*D Lo&e& CAUSES =43 L47 3EVENUE 3EALISATI4N

Pa(! N"4 18 8; 8> @1 @8 @B @; @> B1 B8 B@ BD

ABSTRACT
The I!d"a! po(er &ector "& pla',ed by a !,+ber of proble+&. The&e "!cl,de "!ade1,ate 'e!erat"o! capac"t"e&, poor capac"ty ,t"l"Fat"o!, -ery h"'h tra!&+"&&"o! lo&&e&, h"'h A

AT*C 5A''re'ate of tech!"cal a!d co++erc"al lo&&e&6 re&,lt"!' fro+ po(er theft& a!d poor pro ect "+ple+e!tat"o!. Not ("th&ta!d"!' the +a&&"-e "!crea&e "! 'e!erat"o! capac"t"e& o-er the pa&t decade&, the h"&tory of the I!d"a! po(er &ector ha& bee! p,!ct,ated by &horta'e&, +a&&"-e p"lfera'e& a!d a de+a!d0&,pply 'ap, (h"ch ha& bee! 'ro("!'. The &horta'e& ha-e bee! &o chro!"c that, at t"+e& fear& ha-e bee! e/pre&&ed abo,t a !e'at"-e "+pact o! "!d,&tr"al"Fat"o! d,e to the&e &horta'e&. Th"& report "& the doc,+e!tat"o! of a!aly&"& of 2UMAN 3ES4U3CE MANAGEMENT of #SES 3A<D2ANI P47E3 LTD. Th"& report br"efly de&cr"be& the &y&te+at"c approach adopted to a!alyFe the f"!a!c"al &tate+e!t& of both the co+pa!"e& a!d co+pare "t& perfor+a!ce "! the la&t fo,r year&. The report co!ta"!& the f"!a!c"al a!aly&"& do!e ("th the help of acco,!t"!' rat"o&. The a''re'ate of tech!"cal a!d co++erc"al lo&&e& "& al&o d"&c,&&ed "! deta"l, (h"ch re&,lt& "! lo( re-e!,e real"Fat"o! for the co+pa!"e& a!d thereby re&,lt"!' "! lo(er prof"t&. Moreo-er, "! the report the +ea&,re& ha-e bee! &,''e&ted for co!ta"!"!' po(er theft& a!d red,c"!' AT*C lo&&e&.

O.5!2ti6!% "f t#! R!p"rt

="r&t ob ect"-e "& to &t,dy the f"!a!c"al &tate+e!t& of #SES Po(er Ltd., Delh" 5#SES 3a dha!" Po(er Ltd.6, to ,!der&ta!d the (or)"!' of the co+pa!y a& a (hole a!d a!alyFe the bala!ce &heet& o! the ba&"& of rele-a!t para+eter&.

Perfor+"!' a f,!da+e!tal a!aly&"& o! A''re'ate Tech!"cal a!d Co++erc"al 5AT*C6 Lo&&e& a!d the +ethod& to be adopted for red,ct"o! of the &a+e "! the pa&t year& a!d al&o the year& to follo(.

To &t,dy the tar"ff& "&&,ed by Delh" Electr"c"ty 3e',latory Co++"&&"o! 5DE3C6 for the b"ll"!'& to be +ade to the co!&,+er&. To &t,dy a!d &,''e&t (ay& for red,c"!' AT*C lo&&e& a!d Tra!&+"&&"o! a!d D"&tr"b,t"o! 5T*D6 lo&&e& "! order to "!crea&e the prof"t of the or'a!"Fat"o!.

INTRODUCTION TO POWER SECTOR7 DELHI

D

A +a&&"-e "!-e&t+e!t "! "!fra&tr,ct,re "& !ece&&ary for I!d"a to +a"!ta"! "t& 'ro(th tra ectory. Trad"t"o!ally, th"& ha& bee! a re&po!&"b"l"ty of the 'o-er!+e!t. 2o(e-er, the 'o-er!+e!t ha& l"+"ted +ea!& G f"!a!c"ally a!d or'a!"Fat"o!ally to ach"e-e th"&. A& a re&,lt, I!d"a ha& a h,'e "!fra&tr,ct,re def"c"t. The I!d"a! po(er &ector "& pla',ed by a !,+ber of proble+&. The&e "!cl,de "!ade1,ate 'e!erat"o! capac"t"e&, poor capac"ty ,t"l"Fat"o!, -ery h"'h tra!&+"&&"o! lo&&e&, h"'h AT*C 5a''re'ate of tech!"cal a!d co++erc"al lo&&e&6 re&,lt"!' fro+ po(er theft& a!d poor pro ect "+ple+e!tat"o!. I! th"& e!-"ro!+e!t, pr"-at"Fat"o! a!d p,bl"cGpr"-ate part!er&h"p& are -ery "+porta!t. Pr"-at"Fat"o! of electr"c"ty d"&tr"b,t"o! "! Delh" "& a! e/a+ple, (h"ch ha& re&,lted "! &"'!"f"ca!t "+pro-e+e!t "! all the operat"o!al para+eter& a!d co!&,+er &at"&fact"o! thro,'h effect"-e +a!a'e+e!t, proce&& re0e!'"!eer"!' a!d &,&ta"!ed cap"tal "!-e&t+e!t. G!n!ral #i(#li(#t%H The po(er &ector at th"& ,!ct,re "& pla',ed by a !,+ber of proble+&. The&e "!cl,de "!ade1,ate 'e!erat"o! capac"t"e&, poor capac"ty ,t"l"Fat"o!, -ery h"'h tra!&+"&&"o! lo&&e& a!d poor pro ect "+ple+e!tat"o!. Pla!t load factor 5PL=6 "! +o&t of the pla!t& ha& bee! -ery lo( co+pared to the po(er pla!t& "! other part& of the (orld. The &ector ha& bee! bo''ed do(! by re&o,rce co!&tra"!t&. I! I!d"a electr"c"ty tar"ff& are a pol"t"cally &e!&"t"-e "&&,e a!d ofte! create t,r+o"l. Th"& "& the rea&o! for poor perfor+a!ce of +o&t the &tate electr"c"ty board& 5SE#6 a!d ha& al&o re&,lted "! &er"o,& f"!a!c"al proble+&. T"ll date, the player& ha-e !ot &tarted '"-"!' ade1,ate co!&"derat"o! to the alter!ate e!er'y &o,rce& for po(er 'e!erat"o!. 4-er the la&t fe( year&, capac"ty add"t"o! ha& bee! co!&"&te!tly fall"!' &hort of de+a!d. Th"& ha& re&,lted "! a &harp "!crea&e "! po(er &horta'e acro&& the co,!try. P"&!r %!2t"rH =or the la&t &"/ decade& INDIAN P47E3 SECT43 ha& ach"e-ed &o+e re+ar)able +"le&to!e&H

>

Ge!erat"o! capac"ty ha& "!crea&ed fro+ 1,;1. M7 "! 1>B? to 1,.D,BD1 M7. The 'ro(th "! the tra!&+"&&"o! l"!e& ha& bee! fro+ 8,;?D c)+ "! to +ore tha! .,B?,??? c)+ today. Per cap"ta electr"c"ty co!&,+pt"o! ha& "!crea&ed fro+ 1B )(h to A?A )(h a!d e/pected to 'ro( to >8. )(h by .?1.. 1??I electr"f"ed c"t"e&. More the! D@I -"lla'e& electr"f"ed. Bth lar'e&t e!er'y co!&,+pt"o! "! the (orld. I!-e&t+e!t of 3&..BB@; Cr -"a ="-e $ear Pla! 5t"ll IJ pla!6. =or+at"o! of 3e'"o!al Gr"d a!d Nat"o!al Gr"d !nt%H

S!2t"r 2"

Not("th&ta!d"!' the +a&&"-e "!crea&e "! 'e!erat"o! capac"t"e& o-er the pa&t decade&, the h"&tory of the I!d"a! po(er &ector ha& bee! p,!ct,ated by &horta'e&, +a&&"-e p"lfera'e& a!d a de+a!d0&,pply 'ap, (h"ch ha& bee! 'ro("!'. The &horta'e& ha-e bee! &o chro!"c that, at t"+e& fear& ha-e bee! e/pre&&ed Abo,t a !e'at"-e "+pact o! "!d,&tr"al"Fat"o! d,e to the&e &horta'e&. Th,&, (h"le the f"',re& for add"t"o!al capac"ty be"!' created +ay loo) "+pre&&"-e "! "&olat"o!, the fact "& that the de+a!d 'ro(th ha& al(ay& bee! h"'her tha! the &,pply. =,rther, the capac"ty add"t"o!& are &"'!"f"ca!tly belo( the pla! tar'et&, part"c,larly d,r"!' the e"'hth pla!, (here the capac"ty add"t"o! of abo,t 1A,??? M7 &ho(ed a &hortfall to the e/te!t of abo,t @? per ce!t fro+ the re-"&ed pla! tar'et of aro,!d .>,??? M7.

In'u%tr/ pla/!r% an' pr"fil!H

1?

The po(er &ector re-eal& that "t ca! be lar'ely &e're'ated "!to fo,r d"ffere!t cate'or"e& o! the ba&"& of type of player& "! the "!d,&try. The&e "!cl,deH Pri6at! S!2t"r Li2!n%!!%H I! the pr"-ate &ector, &o+e co+pa!"e& had bee! '"-e! l"ce!&e& to carry o! 'e!erat"o! a!d d"&tr"b,t"o! act"-"t"e&. 7h"le &o+e of the&e, l")e #SES L"+"ted, NDPL are 'e!erat"o! a!d d"&tr"b,t"o! co+pa!"e& other&, l")e S,rat Electr"c"ty, are ,&t d"&tr"b,t"o! co+pa!"e&. In'!p!n'!nt P"&!r Pr"'u2!r%H The I!depe!de!t Po(er Prod,cer& 5IPP&6 are the co+pa!"e& that ha-e bee! '"-e! a !od to &et ,p 'e!erat"o! capac"t"e&. C!ntral G"6!rn !nt C"rp"rati"n%H (h"ch co!&"&t of corporat"o!& l")e the Nat"o!al Ther+al Po(er Corporat"o! 5NTPC6, N,clear Po(er Corporat"o!, Nat"o!al 2ydro Electr"c Po(er Corporat"o! 5N2PC6, a!d &o+e other &+aller player&. Stat! G"6!rn !nt C"rp"rati"n%H (h"ch co!&"&t of the -ar"o,& &tate electr"c"ty board& a!d other corporat"o!& that ha-e bee! pro+oted by the re&pect"-e 'o-er!+e!tK& Poor +a!a'e+e!t, tra!&+"&&"o! a!d d"&tr"b,t"o! 5T*D6 lo&&e& a!d poor reco-er"e& of d,e& are &o+e of the factor&, (h"ch are re&po!&"ble for the pl"'ht of the&e corporat"o!&. C,rre!tly, the f"!a!c"al health of +a!y SE#& "& precar"o,& a!d the"r re-e!,e0ra"&"!' capab"l"t"e& are +ore or le&& depe!de!t o! a&&,red ',ara!tee& fro+ the re&pect"-e 'o-er!+e!t&. ="!ally, a loo) at the re',latory &tr,ct,re of the &ector "!d"cate& that -ar"o,& Act& 'o-er! the po(er &ector. The&e pro-"de for the tar"ff deter+"!at"o! proced,re for co+pa!"e&. It al&o def"!e& the -ar"o,& ter+& &,ch a& rea&o!able ret,r!& a!d cap"tal ba&e. 2o(e-er, appro-al& of tar"ff& re&t ("th the re&pect"-e 'o-er!+e!t&.

11

Fi(ur!,+

COMPANY PROFILE
Intr"'u2ti"n t" BSES 8D!l#i9
The pr"-at"Fat"o! of Delh"K& po(er &ector a!d ,!b,!dl"!' of the Delh" V"dy,t #oard "! <,ly .??., the b,&"!e&& of po(er d"&tr"b,t"o! (a& tra!&ferred to three d"ffere!t co+pa!"e&. T(o of the three are #SES $a+,!a Po(er L"+"ted 5#$PL6 a!d #SES 3a dha!" Po(er L"+"ted 5#3PL6. The&e t(o of the three &,cce&&or e!t"t"e& d"&tr"b,te electr"c"ty to ...A lac& c,&to+er& "! t(o th"rd& of Delh". The Co+pa!y ac1,"red a&&et&,

1.

l"ab"l"t"e&, proceed"!'& a!d per&o!!el of the Delh" V"dy,t #oard a& per the ter+& a!d co!d"t"o!& co!ta"!ed "! the Tra!&fer Sche+e.

BSES Ya una P"&!r Li it!' 8BYPL9

#$PL d"&tr"b,te& po(er to a! area &pread o-er .?? &1 )+& ("th a pop,lat"o! de!&"ty of @.8? per &1 )+. ItK& 1?.@la)h c,&to+er& are &pread o-er 1@ d"&tr"ct& acro&& Ce!tral a!d Ea&t area& "!cl,d"!' Cha!d!" Cho(), Darya'a! , Pahar'a! , Sha!)ar 3oad, Patel Na'ar, G T 3oad, 9ar)ardoo+a, 9r"&h!a Na'ar, La/+" Na'ar, May,r V"har, $a+,!a V"har, Na!d Na'r" a!d 9ara(al Na'ar.

BSES Ra5'#ani P"&!r Li it!' 8BRPL9

#3PL d"&tr"b,te& po(er to a! area &pread o-er ;B? &1. )+ ("th a pop,lat"o! de!&"ty of 18A? per &1 )+. It&K o-er 1... la)h c,&to+er& are &pread 1> d"&tr"ct& acro&& So,th a!d 7e&t area& "!cl,d"!' Ala)!a!da, 9ha!p,r, Va&a!t 9,! , Sa)et, Nehr, Place, N"Fa+,dd"!, Sar"ta V"har, 2a,F 9ha&, 3 9 P,ra+, <a!a)p,r", Na af'ar'h, Na!'lo", M,!d)a, P,! ab" #a'h, Ta'ore Garde!, V")a& P,r", Pala+ a!d D(ar)a. S"!ce ta)"!' o-er d"&tr"b,t"o!, #SESK &"!',lar +"&&"o! ha& bee! to pro-"de rel"able a!d 1,al"ty electr"c"ty &,pply. #SES ha& "!-e&ted o-er 3& 8B?? crore o! ,p'rad"!' a!d a,'+e!t"!' the "!fra&tr,ct,re (h"ch ha& re&,lted "! a record red,ct"o! of AT*C lo&&e&. =ro+ a h"'h of A8.1 I AT*C lo&&e& "! #$PL area the lo&&e& ha-e co+e do(! to 8>.?8I a record red,ct"o! aro,!d .@I. S"+"larly, "! #3PL area AT*C lo&&e& ha-e bee! red,ced fro+ B1..I to .>..I 0 a record red,ct"o! of ..I.

18

BYPL PARTICULARS UNITS

Ea%t : 2!ntral

BRPL
S"ut# : &!%t

BSES
D!l#i

1. Area &1. )+ .?? ;B? >B?

.. C,&to+er de!&"ty

Co!&L&1 )+ @.8? 18A? BB>?

8. Total 3e'"&tered C,&to+er& Lac& .?.D .@.@ @B..

@. Pea) De+a!d M7 1D?? .D@? @A@??

B. Co!&,+pt"o! per year MU 1???? 1A??? .A???

Ta.l!,

1i%i"n an' Mi%%i"n

1@

1i%i"n
To be a+o!'&t the +o&t ad+"red a!d +o&t tr,&ted "!te'rated ,t"l"ty co+pa!"e& "! the (orld. To del"-er rel"able a!d 1,al"ty prod,ct& a!d &er-"ce& to all c,&to+er& at co+pet"t"-e co&t&, ("th "!ter!at"o!al &ta!dard& of c,&to+er care0 thereby creat"!' &,per"or -al,e for all &ta)eholder&. To &et !e( be!ch+ar)& "!H &ta!dard& of corporate perfor+a!ce a!d 'o-er!a!ce, thro,'h the p,r&,"t of operat"o!al a!d f"!a!c"al e/celle!ce, re&po!&"ble c"t"Fe!&h"p a!d prof"table 'ro(th.

Mi%%i"n

1B

To atta"! 'lobal be&t pract"ce& a!d beco+e a (orld0cla&& ,t"l"ty To pro-"deH ,!"!terr,pted, affordable, 1,al"ty, rel"able, &afe a!d clea! po(er to o,r c,&to+er&. To ach"e-e e/celle!ce "!H &er-"ce, 1,al"ty, rel"ab"l"ty, &afety a!d c,&to+er care. To ear!H tr,&t a!d co!f"de!ce of all c,&to+er& a!d &ta)eholder& by e/ceed"!' the"r e/pectat"o!&, a!d +a)e the co+pa!y a re&pected ho,&ehold !a+e. To (or)H ("th -"'or, ded"cat"o! a!d "!!o-at"o! )eep"!' total c,&to+er &at"&fact"o! a& the ,lt"+ate 'oal To co!&"&te!tly ach"e-eH h"'h 'ro(th ("th the h"'he&t le-el& of prod,ct"-"ty To beH a tech!olo'y dr"-e!, eff"c"e!t a!d f"!a!c"ally &o,!d or'a!"Fat"o! To be a re&po!&"ble corporate c"t"Fe! !,rt,r"!' h,+a! -al,e& a!d co!cer! for &oc"ety, the e!-"ro!+e!t a!d abo-e all, people To co!tr"b,teH to(ard& co++,!"ty de-elop+e!t a!d !at"o! b,"ld"!'. To pro+ote a (or) c,lt,re that fo&ter&H "!d"-"d,al 'ro(th, tea+ &pr"t a!d creat"-"ty to o-erco+e challe!'e& a!d atta"! 'oal&. To e!co,ra'eH "dea&, tale!t a!d -al,e &y&te+& To ,phold the ',"d"!' pr"!c"ple& ofH tr,&t, "!te'r"ty a!d tra!&pare!cy "! all a&pect& of "!teract"o!& a!d deal"!'&.

BSES; 5"urn!/
The le'acy that #SES "!her"ted (a& a)"! to ta)"!' o-er a &"c) ,!"t, a!d al&o the a&&oc"ated r"&) of ha!dl"!' Delh"K& po(er d"&tr"b,t"o!. Clearly, the challe!'e for #SES 1A

(a& h,'e. 2o(e-er, o-er the pa&t &e-e! year&, #SES ha& ach"e-ed &,cce&& o! +o&t fro!t& a!d "& po"&ed to ha-e Delh" ach"e-e 'lobal be!ch+ar)& "! the year& to co+e. BSES 'i%2" %; a2#i!6! !nt%0 The ope!"!' b"d le-el AT*C lo&&e& &et by Delh" Electr"c"ty 3e',latory Co++"&&"o! 5DE3C6 "! "t& tar"ff order dated =ebr,ary .??. (a& @D.1?I for #3PL a!d B;..?I for #$PL. At the t"+e of ta)eo-er for #3PL, act,al AT*C lo&&e& (ere +,ch h"'her at B1.B@I. Th"& "& !o( red,ced to .;.1;I. =or #$PL, "t (a& A8.1AI !o( do(! at .>.D.I. I! fact, "! =$?D, #$PL (a& the f"r&t d"&co+ to ach"e-e the h"'he&t red,ct"o! "! a! year, by appro/"+ately 1?I. A-era'"!' at @I a year, #SES "& (ay ahead of the !at"o!al AT*C lo&& a-era'e of 1I. To c,t "t& AT*C lo&&e& #SES ,&ed a co+b"!at"o! of +ea&,re& l")e replac"!' electro0+echa!"cal +eter& ("th electro!"c +eter&, +a++oth "!f,&"o! of cape/ for e!t"re d"&tr"b,t"o! &y&te+, br"!'"!' !e( co!&,+er& "!to ,!0electr"f"ed area&, a''re&&"-e dr"-e to c,rb theft, "+pro-ed collect"o! eff"c"e!cy, &peedy &ettle+e!t of d"&p,te& thro,'h &pec"al co,rt&, a!d reco-ery of d,e&. R!6!nu! (r"&t# an' tariff p!r%p!2ti6!0 3e-e!,e ha& +ore tha! do,bled "! the la&t &"/ year&. I! =$?D, #SES d"&co+&K total "!co+e fro+ e!er'y b"ll"!' (a& 3&.@, @?? crore 5!et of ta/e&6. #SES al&o &old or ba!)ed &,rpl,& po(er a''re'at"!' 3&.1, .?? crore. 3e-e!,e fro+ &ale of &,rpl,& po(er "+pact& co!&,+er tar"ff by lo(er"!' po(er p,rcha&e co&t. I! =$?D, #SES d"&co+& a-era'e reta"l tar"ff per ,!"t ("tho,t ta/e& (a& appro/"+ately 3&.@..;, (h"ch "& 1,"te lo( a& co+pared ("th e/"&t"!' rate& "! the NC3 a!d +a or c"t"e&. Finan2ial .!n!fit% fr" 'i%tri.uti"n r!f"r %0 #SES d"&co+& ha-e +ade a &,b&ta!t"al "!-e&t+e!t "! "!fra&tr,ct,re of 3&.8, .@? crore 5appro/.6. #SES ha& al&o pa"d loa!& ta)e! "! the ope!"!' #ala!ce Sheet of 3&.DA@ crore to Delh" Po(er Corporat"o! L"+"ted, a!d 3&.@AB crore "! old d,e& of er&t(h"le DV#, a!d the Go-er!+e!t. It ha& al&o +et all pay+e!t obl"'at"o!&, "!cl,d"!' d,e& to 'e!erat"!' co+pa!"e&, a!d &ec,re "t& lar'e pay+e!t obl"'at"o! ("th LC a!d e&cro( arra!'e+e!t&. The &"'!"f"ca!t red,ct"o!& "! AT*C lo&&e& "! &,ch a &hort d,rat"o! ha-e helped "! better co&t reco-ery.

N!t&"r< an' Infra%tru2tur!

1;

S/%t! up,(ra'ati"n an' i pr"6! !nt%0 #SES ha& bee! ,p'rad"!' a!d +oder!"F"!' "t& d"&tr"b,t"o! &y&te+&. It ha& adopted tech!olo'"e& a!d proce&&e& co!for+"!' to 'lobal be!ch+ar)&, a!d electr"f"ed pre-"o,&ly ,!0electr"f"ed area&. It ha& al&o "!trod,ced h"'h0-olta'e d"&tr"b,t"o! &y&te+& to e!&,re there "& !o theft. There ha& bee! !otable 'ro(th "! 'ro,!d fac"l"t"e& of !e( 'r"d&, po(er tra!&for+er&, d"&tr"b,t"o! tra!&for+er&, e/tra0h"'h -olta'e cable le!'th&, a!d LT l"!e&. #SES ha& a,'+e!ted "t& !et(or) &tre!'th& for Delh" d"&tr"b,t"o! to cater to pea) de+a!d of @.?? M7 a'a"!&t appro/"+ately .>?? M7 "! =$?.. "t ha& al&o &ho(! &"'!"f"ca!t "+pro-e+e!t "! red,c"!' e1,"p+e!t fa"l,re& a!d brea)do(! re&ol,t"o!. Thro,'h all the&e effort& the Delh" co!&,+er "& e/per"e!c"!' "+pro-ed load &hedd"!', -olta'e 1,al"ty, &tab"l"ty "! po(er &,pply, fa,lt repa"r"!', a!d re&po!&e t"+e. Su22!%% "f !l!2tr"ni2 !t!rin(0 7"th do+e&t"c co!&,+er& co!&t"t,t"!' clo&e to D? perce!t of the co!&,+er +"/, a &tro!' +eter +ea&,re+e!t &y&te+ to arre&t re-e!,e lea)a'e (a& a pre0re1,"&"te. #SES ha& "!&talled electro!"c +eter&, de&p"te e/te!&"-e oppo&"t"o!, ("th Go-er!+e!t &,pport a!d fa-orable co,rt -erd"ct&. Electro!"c +eter& are do(!loadable ("th !o +a!,al "!ter-e!t"o! a!d the 1,al"ty of +eter read"!'& ha-e "+pro-ed, red,c"!' lea)a'e. Electro!"c +eter& al&o fac"l"tate a! a!aly&"& of co!&,+er ,&a'e patter!&, a!d the data "& ,&ef,l "! re&ol-"!' related 'r"e-a!ce&. =or the h"'h0e!d )ey co!&,+er& a!other +"le&to!e ha& bee! ach"e-ed by "!trod,c"!' a,to+at"c +eter read"!'. #SES ha& al&o +etered all the >???0pl,& d"&tr"b,t"o! tra!&for+er&, (h"ch ("ll e!ha!ce effect"-e e!er'y a,d"t& to "de!t"fy h"'h lo&& area&. N!t&"r< an' a%%!t appin(0 #SES ad-ocate& "+porta!ce of !et(or) a!d a&&et +app"!' thro,'h 'lobal ed'e tech!olo'"e& a-a"lable o! SCADA a!d GIS platfor+. It ha& "+ple+e!ted SCADA acro&& all e/tra h"'h -olta'e 'r"d !et(or)& ("th re+ote +a!a'e+e!t thro,'h a ce!tral"Fed &tat"o!. =,rther ,all electr"cal a&&et& "!cl,d"!' tra!&for+er& ha-e bee! , or are ,"! the proce&& of GIS +app"!'. IT Infra%tru2tur! !n#an2! !nt =or e!d0to0e!d "!te'rat"o! of -ar"o,& f,!ct"o!& a!d proce&&e&, #SES ha& +ade +a or "!-e&t+e!t& to br"!' "t& IT capab"l"t"e& to 'lobal &ta!dard&. It ha& de-eloped the lar'e&t &"!'le0locat"o! IT !et(or) "! North I!d"aM 88? off"ce& are !et(or)ed ("th .@N;N8AB +o!"tor"!' a!d ,pt"+e +a"!ta"!ed at >> perce!t. It ha& deployed abo,t 8D?? PC& a!d D?? pr"!ter& acro&& the&e locat"o!&. 7"th lar'e co!&,+er databa&e to +a!a'e o! a ro,!d0the0cloc) ba&"&, #SES ha& co!t"!,o,& databa&e &,pport a!d +o!"tor"!' of @? &er-er& a!d !et(or) attached ce!tral"Fed &tora'e &et ,p of @ T# ("th .?? ,&er& co!!ected, e!&,r"!' 1?? perce!t ,pt"+e. It ha& a (or)force of !early >??? people tra"!ed "! related IT capab"l"t"e&. =,!ct"o!& of f"!a!ce, +ater"al&, +eter"!' a!d b"ll"!' are all "!te'rated o! SAP, #SES "& !o( "+ple+e!t"!' a +ore ad-a!ced IT &y&te+ for re-e!,e cycle +a!a'e+e!t0 SAP5ISULCCS6.

1D

I! the f"!a!ce f,!ct"o!, all a&pect& of acco,!t"!', cap"tal"Fat"o! collect"o!&, pay+e!t&, payroll etc, are o!l"!e, real t"+e o! the SAP0 =IC4 platfor+. The ca&h +a!a'e+e!t &y&te+ ("th .?? ca&h co,!ter& a!d +,lt"ple pay+e!t opt"o!& "& (ell "!te'rated, rob,&t a!d o!l"!e. The e!t"re cap"tal"Fat"o! proce&& "& totally "!te'rated fro+ the pro ect cleara!ce &ta'e to +ater"al co!&,+pt"o!, co+plet"o!, a!d +o!"tor"!'. The proce&& e/te!d"!' fro+ Odo(!load"!' of +eter&K to b"ll"!' a!d the! to ca&h, "& a )ey co+po!e!t of the Ore-e!,e +a!a'e+e!t cycleK. The (hole proce&& "& p,rely &y&te+ dr"-e! ("th +"!"+,+ h,+a! "!ter-e!t"o!.

Bu%in!%% pr"2!%% r!,!n(in!!rin(

To effect"-ely al"'!, +ap a!d roll o,t b,&"!e&& proce&&e& ("th operat"o!& "! the &horte&t po&&"ble t"+e, a ded"cated re&o,rce tea+ co!&t"t,t"!' "!ter!al a!d o,t&"de co!&,lta!t& "& "! place. So+e cr"t"cal proce&&e&, (h"ch (ere ta)e! o! pr"or"ty, areH R!6!nu! 2/2l! ana(! !nt to red,ce +eter0to0ca&h cycle a!d "+pro-e 1,al"ty of b"ll"!'. R!6!nu! pr"t!2ti"n to +o!"tor rece"-able&, ,!b"lled re-e!,e, a!d !e( co!!ect"o! a!d d"&co!!ect"o! proce&&e&. M!t!r Mana(! !nt, (h"ch "f ,!co!trolled ca! re&,lt "! re-e!,e lea)a'e. Se-eral "!"t"at"-e& ha-e bee! ta)e! to co!trol +eter +o-e+e!t, &,ch a& ta''"!' +eter& to co!&,+er&, proper "!&tallat"o! a!d effect"-e do(!load"!'. Th"& area re1,"re& re',lar proce&& re-"e( for "+pro-e+e!t&. Call 2!ntr! ana(! !nt "!cl,d"!' co+pla"!t trac)"!' a!d the"r d"&po&alLclo&,re. Cu%t" !r 2ar! %!r6i2!% a!d ha!dl"!' co!&,+er 'r"e-a!ce&. Cu%t" !r 2ar! initiati6!%H The&e "!cl,de a ded"cated helpl"!e for ha!dl"!' co+pla"!t&, ea&y acce&& to #SES by ha-"!' o!e off"ce ("th"! ..B )+ area, !e(ly de&"'!ed electr"c"ty b"ll ("th a+ple "!for+at"o! etc. There are +,lt"ple pay+e!t opt"o!& ("th appro/"+ately .??? to,ch po"!t& thro,'h drop bo/e&, Oea&y b"llK, cred"t card&, a!d "!ter!et etc. C,&to+er care ce!ter& are !o( (ell e1,"pped a!d pro-"de &"!'le0("!do( cleara!ce for +o&t "&&,e&. #SES (eb&"te b&e&delh".co+ ha& bee! re0la,!ched ("th e!ha!ced feat,re& a!d "!for+at"o!. Or(ani=ati"nal r!%tru2turin(0 Po&t0pr"-at"Fat"o!, #SES pa"d r&...; crore to +ore tha! @8?? e+ployee& ,!der a &pec"al V3S &che+e. Ab&orb"!' the re+a"!"!' er&t(h"le DV# e+ployee& ha& bee! a cr"t"cal challe!'e, b,t ("th ade1,ate &,pport fro+ the 'o-er!+e!t a!d ,!"o!&, today "&K 4NE TEAMK. #SES ha& a pla!!ed &trate'y to o,t&o,rce &o+e cr"t"cal act"-"t"e& of +eter a!d b"ll"!' +a!a'e+e!t a!d the c,rre!t &tre!'th of o,t&o,rce +a!po(er "& appro/"+ately @B??. #SES d"&co+& al&o ha-e AMC +a!po(er co!tract& ha!dl"!' operat"o!& a!d +a"!te!a!ce, &ec,r"ty, ho,&e)eep"!' etc. #SES ha& ta)e! +a or &tep& to def"!e role&, re&po!&"b"l"ty a!d acco,!tab"l"ty at each le-el of operat"o!. The e!t"re perfor+a!ce +a!a'e+e!t "& o! SAP ("th a (ell la"d o,t 'oal0&ett"!' proce&& a!d +"d0ter+ re-"e(&

1>

BILLING PROCESS
There are a total of Th"rty Three 5886 d"-"&"o!& ,!der #SES. 1> "! #3PL 1@ "! #$PL

I! each d"-"&"o! there are !"!e cycle&. Each cycle co+pr"&e& of b"!der& that repre&e!t a batch of co!&,+er& "!cl,ded "! the cycle. The co!&,+erK& cate'ory a& per tar"ff "& '"-e! belo(H0 Do+e&t"c a!d S+all I!d,&tr"al Po(er 5SIP6 M"/ed Load Co!&,+er Cell 5MLCC6 9ey Co!&,+er Cell 59CC6 1. 3a"l(ay& .. 7ater 5Delh" <al #oard6 8. Lar'e I!d,&tr"al Po(er @. S+all I!d,&tr"al Po(er 5SIP Go-er!+e!t Co!&,+er Cell 5GCC6 Street L"'hte!"!' 5STG6 Te+porary Ill,+"!at"o! 5TI6 Theft 1. D"&ho!e&t Ab&tract"o! of E!er'y 5DAE6 .. =ra,d,le!t Ab&tract"o! of E!er'y 5=AE6 Co!&,+er& ha-"!' load of le&& tha! 11 97 are co-ered ,!der 9 * SIP 5Do+e&t"c Co!&,+er6 a!d ha-"!' +ore tha! 11 97 are co-ered ,!der MLCC. 9 * SIP 5Do+e&t"c Co!&,+er&6 ha-e !"!e cycle&. #"ll"!' of 1 to D "& o! b"+o!thly ba&"& a!d of > "& o! +o!thly ba&"&. The cycle of MLCC 5A to 26 "& o! +o!thly ba&"&.

.?

TYPES OF BILLING
8F"r BRPL9
Cat!("r/ 16 Do+e&t"c .6 MLCC 86 9CC @6 GCC B6 Street L"'ht"!' A6 D,pl"cate #"ll& ;6 #"ll Correct"o!& D6 ="r&t #"ll to Co!&,+er >6 Theft Pro-. #"ll"!' ="!al #"ll"!' A!dre(& Ga! A!dre(& Ga! Pr"2!%%!' At Nehr, Place 52E6 Nehr, Place 52E6 Nehr, Place 52E6 Nehr, Place 52E6 Nehr, Place 52E6 All D"-"&"o!& 3e&pt. D"-"&"o!& 3e&pt. D"-"&"o!& S"ft&ar! in U%! 43ACLE L E#SLSAP ISU LSAP ISU LSAP ISU LSAP ISU LSAP E#S #AM L E#S #AM L E#S

8F"r BYPL9
Cat!("r/ 16 Do+e&t"c L SIP .6 MLCC 86 9CC @6 GCC B6 Street L"'ht"!' A6 D,pl"cate #"ll& ;6 #"ll Correct"o!& D6 ="r&t #"ll to Co!&,+er >6 Theft .1 Pr"2!%%!' At 9ad)ado+a 52E6 9ad)ardo+a 52E6 9ad)ardo+a 52E6 9ad)ardo+a 52E6 9ad)ardo+a 52E6 All D"-"&"o!& 3e&pt. D"-"&"o!& 3e&pt. D"-"&"o!& S"ft&ar! in U%! 43ACLE L E#SLSAP ISU LSAP ISU LSAP ISU LSAP ISU LSAP E#S #AM L E#S #AM L E#S

Pro-. #"ll"!' ="!al #"ll"!'

Patpar Ga! Patpar Ga!

BILLS
#"ll& are of t(o type& G A2tual a!d A6!ra(!. I! Act,al #"ll or"'"!al read"!' of the co!&,+erK +eter "& ta)e! a!d accord"!'ly b"ll a+o,!t "& calc,lated. #,t "f d,e to &o+e rea&o!& act,al read"!' ca!!ot be ta)e! the! "! that ca&e A-era'e or Pro-"&"o!al #"ll "& "&&,ed "! (h"ch co!&,+pt"o! "& calc,lated o! ba&"& of pa&t read"!' tre!d. I&&,a!ce of A-era'e #"ll "& allo(ed o!ly t("ce. After that !o A-era'e #"ll ca! be "&&,ed. A ,!"1,e C3N No. "& allotted to e-ery +eter. I! Ca&e of Do+e&t"c Co!&,+er, the co!&,+pt"o! ,!"t& are o! +o!thly ba&"&. I&&,e Date a!d D,e date are '"-e! "! the b"ll. Accord"!' to the Tar"ff Sched,le "&&,ed by the Co++"&&"o!, the b"ll a+o,!t "& calc,lated.

St!p% f"r 2al2ulati"n0

Fi>!' C#ar(!% G ="/ed char'e& are "&&,ed by the Co++"&&"o! "! the Tar"ff Sched,le a!d they re+a"! ="/ed for all p,rpo&e&. En!r(/ C#ar(!% G E!er'y char'e& are calc,lated accord"!' to the tar"ff. E!er'y Char'e& are calc,lated o! day ba&"&. =or e/a+ple, "f the b"ll "& for .A day&, a!d the co!&,+pt"o! ,!"t "& '"-e! for 8? day& or o!e +o!th per"od ("ll be calc,lated accord"!'ly for .A day&. El!2tri2it/ Ta> G It "& calc,lated o! the E!er'y Char'e&. Su.%i'/0 It ha& bee! ca!celled by the Co++"&&"o! "! the !e( Tar"ff Sched,le .??>01?. Arr!ar% G A!y arrear a+o,!t of the co!&,+er ("ll be added to the c,rre!t b"ll.

..

I4 MLCC BILLING PROCEDURE

Cycle ("&e +eter read"!' "& co!d,cted a& per &ched,le '"-e! by the co+pa!y. Ma&ter Data for read"!' "& e/ported by MLCC5+"/ed load co!&,+er cell6 b"ll proce&&"!' tea+ at 2E a!d co++,!"cated f,rther. Meter reader p,!che& the read"!'& of co!&,+er& "! to the CM3I. The +eter read"!' "& ,ploaded da"ly thro,'h ,pdated =or+ $ at d"-"&"o!al data ce!tre. After pre0a,d"t, f"!al data for b"ll"!' "& e/ported to SAP at 2E. Ed"t "& 'e!erated for b"ll"!'. After ed"t l"&t "& 'e!erated, chec)"!' "& carr"ed o,t to chec) "& all b"!der& ha-e bee! b"lled or !ot. Po&t a,d"t chec) of led'er "& carr"ed o,t by the tea+. After po&t a,d"t cleara!ce #"ll Pr"!t ="le "& 'e!erated a!d &e!t for pr"!t"!'. Pr"!ted #"ll& are &e!t to re&pect"-e MLCC c"rcle off"ce& for d"&tr"b,t"o!. Pay+e!t& are +ade by co!&,+er& thro,'h -ar"o,& cha!!el&.

II4 3 : SIP BILLING PROCEDURE

Meter read"!' "& co!d,cted cycle ("&e a& per &ched,le '"-e! by the co+pa!y. The +eter read"!' "& ,ploaded da"ly thro,'h =or+ @ at D"-"&"o!al Data Ce!tre. After Pre A,d"t, f"!al Data for #"ll"!' "& loaded a!d tra!&ferred to SAP at 2E. Ed"t "& 'e!erated for b"ll"!'. After ed"t "& chec)ed a!d f"!al"Fed d,e date "& allotted a!d chec)"!' "& carr"ed o,t to co!f"r+ "f all the b"!der& ha-e bee! b"lled or !ot. After Po&t A,d"t cleara!ce, b"ll pr"!t f"le "& 'e!erated a!d b"ll& are &e!t for pr"!t"!'. Pr"!ted #"ll& are &e!t to re&pect"-e d"-"&"o!& for d"&tr"b,t"o!. Co!&,+er "& '"-e! fo,rtee! to f"ftee! day& t"+e for +a)"!' the pay+e!t.

Cal2ulati"n "f t#! (i6!n .ill i% a% f"ll"&%0

Fi>!' C#ar(!% 8M"nt#l/ Ba%i%9 S"!ce the load ".e., 8 97 fall& bet(ee! . to B 97 Load, the f"/ed char'e "& of 3&. A? per +o!th. Therefore, .8

=IJED C2A3GES P 3&. A?L+o!th N"t!H I! th"& act,al load "& 8 97 b,t the per&o! ha& re-"&ed h"& load (h"ch "& !o( '"-e! a& A.A. 97. En!r(/ C#ar(!% 8Da/ Ba%i%9 S"!ce #"ll "& for .D day&, (e ("ll calc,late the ,!"t& '"-e! "! the tar"ff pla! fro+ 8? day& to .D day&. Calc,lat"o! "& a& follo(&H =or 8? day& P .?? ,!"t& =or .D day& P .??L8?N.D ,!"t& P 1DA.A; ,!"t& =or f"r&t 1DA.A; ,!"t& =or !e/t 1DA.A; ,!"t& P 1DA.A; J ..@B 3&L)7h P P 1DA.A; J 8.>B 3&L)7h P @B;.8@1 ;8;.8@A +-?@A4-*A ENE3G$ C2A3GES P R%4 +-7?@A4-+ El!2tri2it/ C#ar(!% P BI of E!er'y Char'e& P 1@.AD;.@1 J BI P R%4 AB-4BA

3e+a"!"!' .>?1.AA ,!"t& P .>?1.AA J@.AB 3&L)7h P 18@>..;1>

A. E!er'y Char'e& #. ="/ed Char'e& C. Electr"c"ty Ta/ D. Arrear& E. E!er'y S,b&"dy =. A "unt Pa/a.l!

P P P P P P

1@,AD;.@1 A?.?? ;8@.8; ;.>. 51,;1;.>.6 +B7AA+4A@

.@

The total a+o,!t payable by the co!&,+er by the d,e date "& 3&. 18,;;1.;> If the co!&,+er fa"l& to pay the a+o,!t by the d,e date the! 1.BI of total a+o,!t ("ll be added to the act,al a+o,!t a& Late Char'e& a!d the b"ll ("ll be of 3&. 18,>;D.8;

III4 STREET LIGHTING PROCEDURE

L"&t of &treet l"'ht"!' po"!t& e!er'"Fed for the part"c,lar +o!th "& rece"-ed fro+ co!cer!ed a'e!c"e&, ".e., MCD, DDA a!d Pr"-ate Part"e&. Phy&"cal -er"f"cat"o! "& co!d,cted fro+ both &"de& a!d a Perfor+a!ce 3eport "& prepared a!d &e!t to 9CC for b"ll"!'. #a&ed o! the perfor+a!ce report a!d the total !o. of &treet l"'ht"!' po"!t& e!er'"Fed, b"ll"!' "& do!e for the +o!th "! the &,cceed"!' +o!th. #"ll"!' "& do!e o! the ba&"& of rele-a!t tar"ff a!d o! the ',"del"!e& "&&,ed by DE3C fro+ t"+e to t"+e. 4! the ba&"& of perfor+a!ce report "!ce!t"-e a!d pe!alt"e& are "!cl,ded at the t"+e of b"ll"!'. After !ece&&ary correct"o! "f a!y, b"ll "& pr"!ted for d"&patch to co!cer!ed part"e& thro,'h po&t. Pr"2!'ur! F"ll"&!'0,

L"&t of Street L"'ht"!' Po"!t& "!&talled by -ar"o,& a'e!c"e& "& &e!t by the re&pect"-e a'e!c"e& to #SES. #"ll"!' do!e o! Street L"'ht"!' Po"!t& "!&talled by MCD, DDA a!d Pr"-ate Part"e& "! the"r re&pect"-e area&. Phy&"cal S,r-ey "& do!e by #SES 5".e. , re&pect"-e <o,r!al E!try of the d"-"&"o!6 alo!' ("th the re&pect"-e repre&e!tat"o! of MCD, DDA a!d Pr"-ate Part"e&. 4! the ba&"& of &,r-ey do!e, perfor+a!ce report "& prepared. 4! the ba&"& of th"& report "!ce!t"-e& a!d pe!alt"e& are char'edL le-"ed a!d "!cl,ded "! the b"ll"!' "! the &,cceed"!' +o!th.

="!ally #"ll& are pr"!ted for d"&patch to re&pect"-e depart+e!t& thro,'h &peed po&t a!d &o+e t"+e& +a!,ally al&o.

.B

Cal2ulati"n%0,
1. =or+,la ,&ed for calc,lat"!' of Street L"'ht"!' char'e& H0 5 No. of Po"!t& N 7att& N 2o,r& N Day& 6 L 1?? P Co!&,+pt"o! .. E!er'y Char'e& 8. Ma"!te!a!ce Char'e& @. =or Pol"ce #ooth& B. =or S"'!alL #l"!)er& P Co!&,+pt"o! N 3&. @.A? P 3&. ;8L0 per po"!t P 3&. .A>L0 Per #ooth L Mo!th P 3&. .A>L0 Per Po"!t L Mo!th

I14 BUL3 SUPPLY BILLING PROCEDURE 83EY CONSUMER CELL9

Co!&,+er& ("th C,rre!t Tra!&for+er Meter a!d Load of @B 97 or +ore are b"lled "! 9CC. Meter read"!' "& ta)e! by the Meter Ma!a'e+e!t Gro,p for 9CC ,&"!' co++o! +eter read"!' "!&tr,+e!t 5CM3I6 a!d a,to+ated +eter read"!' 5AM36. CM3I read"!'& are ta)e! fro+ 1&t to 1?th of e-ery +o!th. 7herea& AM3 read"!'& are ta)e! fro+ +"d!"'ht of the pre-"o,& +o!th to the Bth of c,rre!t +o!th. 3ead"!'& ta)e! by CM3I a!d AM3 "& ,ploaded "! to 9CC &er-er at 2E. Ed"t l"&t "& 'e!erated a!d after chec)"!' "& do!e, ed"t l"&t "& 'e!erated "! the &y&te+ "t&elf. #"ll& are pr"!ted fro+ 4racle Ser-er a!d &e!t to co!&,+er&. Co!&,+er& are '"-e! a per"od of fo,rtee! day& for pay+e!t.

.A

14 GO1ERNMENT CONSUMER CELL BILLING PROCEDURE

All Go-er!+e!t co!&,+er& are b"lled by th"& depart+e!t. Meter read"!' "& ta)e! by +eter +a!a'e+e!t 'ro,p by CM3I a!d AM3. Ed"t l"&t "& 'e!erated o! a da"ly ba&"&. After chec)"!' of the ed"t l"&t, Ed"t te/t "& 'e!erated "! the &y&te+. After chec)"!' "& co+plete, #"ll& are &e!t for pr"!t"!'. Pr"!ted b"ll& are the! del"-ered +a!,ally to the re&pect"-e co!&,+er&. Co!&,+er& are '"-e! a per"od of fo,rtee! day& for pay+e!t.

1I4 TEMPORARY CONNECTIONS BILLING PROCEDURE

C" !r2ial D!part !nt0

="r&tly the co!&,+er& ("ll f"ll a! appl"cat"o! (h"ch "& chec)ed a!d the! &e!t to the co+pete!t a,thor"ty for &a!ct"o!. The! the de+a!d !ote for depo&"t"!' &ec,r"ty a+o,!t "& ra"&ed. Ca%#i!r0 Sec,r"ty a+o,!t "& depo&"ted by the co!&,+er a'a"!&t the de+a!d !ote. C" !r2ial Offi2!0 Pro're&& chart "& &e!t to the Fo!e off"ce for e!er'"F"!' the +eter for the part"c,lar per"od. C"nal Offi2!0 Pro're&& report "& the! &e!t bac) to the co++erc"al depart+e!t alo!' ("th the Te&t 3eport. Di%tri2t Offi2!0 ="le "& &e!t to d"&tr"ct off"ce ("th all the data. ="le "& proce&&ed a!d b"ll "& ra"&ed for pay+e!t.

.;

DIRECT THEFT AND FRAUDULENT ABSTRACTION OF ENERGY

4! the ba&"& of detect"o! by f"eld &taff, ra"d "& or'a!"Fed. 3a"d tea+ "& co!&t"t,ted. The tea+ "!&pect& the co!cer!ed pre+"&e& a!d prepare& a report '"-"!' deta"l& of +eter. I! ca&e of d"rect theft a report "& lod'ed ("th the local pol"ce alo!' ("th e-"de!ce&. I! ca&e of fra,d,le!t ab&tract"o!, the "!&pect"o! tea+ &hall d"&co!!ect the ta+pered +eter a!d &hall re&tore the &,pply thro,'h a !e( +eter. The report "& ha!ded to the co!&,+er. E!er'y co!&,+pt"o! for the pa&t &"/ +o!th& "& a&&e&&ed a!d the f"!al a&&e&&+e!t b"ll "& prepared o! f"-e t"+e& the appl"cable tar"ff.

PROCESS FOLLOWED FOR THEFT BILLING

+4 T#!ft Ca%!% ar! "f t&" t/p!% 0, o D"rect Theft 5DT6 #"lled o! 1??I o! the ba&"& of load a&&e&&ed. o =ra,d,le!t Ab&tract"o! of E!er'y 5=AE60 'e!erally ca&e& of ta+per"!' of Meter. )4 F"r ula u%!' f"r Cal2ulati"n 0, Load a&&e&&ed N !o. of day& N !o of ho,r& N load factor N &"/ +o!th& Do+e&t"c P Load a&&e&&ed N 8? day& N D hr& N ?.@ 5@?I6 No!0Do+e&t"c P Load a&&e&&ed N .B day& N 1? hr& N ?.A 5A?I6

.D

In 2a%! "f Dir!2t T#!ft L"a' Fa2t"r i% + 8+**D9

The !o. of ho,r& +ay -ary depe!d"!' ,po! the hr& of ,&a'e "! ca&e of I!d,&tr"e& ".e. &"!'le &h"ft, do,ble &h"ft. 8. El!2tri2it/ Ta> "& calc,lated at BI o! the f"',re arr"-ed at "! &tep .. @. The f"',re "! &tep . "& +,lt"pl"ed by f"-e to add the pe!alty a+o,!t. B. T"tal Billin( P Step @ Q Step 8 A. I! ca&e of D"rect theft "f the c,&to+er doe&!Kt pay ("th"! the d,e date =IT "& lod'ed. I! ca&e of =AE, =I3 "& !ot lod'ed. ;. Collect"o!& are +ade thro,'h ca&e a!d DD o!ly at A!dre(& G,! 4ff"ce.

T#! A2tual W"r< P!rf"r !' ./ t#! Finan2! 8Billin(9 D!part !nt 0
="r&tly, the IT depart+e!t pro-"de the data to f"!a!ce 5b"ll"!'6 depart+e!t co!&"&t"!' of the Act,al #"ll, the re-"&ed data ".e., ad ,&t+e!t& 5"f a!y6 rece"-ed, a!d the !et of both that "& the !et b"ll. The! the data that "& rece"-ed "& chec)ed by the f"!a!ce depart+e!t G Act,al Q Ad ,&t+e!t& P Net #"ll If the data "& o)ay, the! "t ("ll be "!for+ed to the IT depart+e!t. After that, IT depart+e!t ("ll &e!d the SAP data to f"!a!ce depart+e!t for chec)"!' a!d the SAP data "& chec)ed a!d "t "& the! +atched ("th the data rece"-ed earl"er. If the SAP data "& o)ay the! IT depart+e!t ("ll po&t the data "! SAP. Data fro+ SAP "& e/tracted to MS E/cel a!d "t ("ll a'a"! be +atched ("th that act,al data. If all o)ay the! e!tr"e& ("ll be po&ted "! SAP. The! Ma!a'e+e!t I!for+at"o! So,rce& 5MIS6 report "& prepared a!d &,b+"tted to the depart+e!t head.

.>

ANALYSIS OF STATEMENTS
MEANING OF A RATIO
A rat"o "& o!e f"',re e/pre&& "! ter+& of a!other f"',re. It "& a +athe+at"cal yard&t"c) that +ea&,re& the relat"o!&h"p t(o f"',re&, (h"ch are related to each other a!d +,t,ally "!terdepe!de!t. 3at"o "& e/pre&& by d"-"d"!' o!e f"',re by the other related f"',re. Th,& a rat"o "& a! e/pre&&"o! relat"!' o!e !,+ber to a!other. It "& &"+ply the 1,ot"e!t of t(o !,+ber&. It ca! be e/pre&&ed a& a fract"o! or a& a dec"+al or a& a p,re rat"o or "! ab&ol,te f"',re& a& R&o +a!y t"+e&%. A& acco,!t"!' rat"o "& a! e/pre&&"o! 3elat"!' t(o f"',re& or acco,!t& or t(o &et& of acco,!t head& or 'ro,p co!ta"! "! the f"!a!c"al &tate+e!t&.

RATIO ANALYSIS
=,!da+e!tal A!aly&"& ha& a -ery broad &cope. 4!e a&pect loo)& at the 'e!eral 51,al"tat"-e6 factor& of a co+pa!y. The other &"de co!&"der& ta!'"ble a!d +ea&,rable factor& 51,a!t"tat"-e6. Th"& +ea!& cr,!ch"!' a!d a!alyF"!' !,+ber& fro+ the f"!a!c"al &tate+e!t&. If ,&ed "! co! ,!ct"o! ("th other +ethod&, E,a!t"tat"-e a!aly&"& ca! prod,ce e/celle!t re&,lt&. 3at"o a!aly&"& "&!St ,&t co+par"!' d"ffere!t !,+ber& fro+ the bala!ce &heet, "!co+e &tate+e!t, a!d ca&h flo( &tate+e!t. ItS& co+par"!' the !,+ber a'a"!&t pre-"o,& year&, other co+pa!"e&, the I!d,&try or e-e! the eco!o+y "! 'e!eral. 3at"o& loo) at the relat"o!&h"p& bet(ee! "!d"-"d,al -al,e& a!d relate the+ to ho( a co+pa!y ha& perfor+ed "! the pa&t, a!d +"'ht perfor+ "! the f,t,re.

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS

A!alyF"!' a bala!ce &heet "& f,!da+e!tal )!o(led'e for a!yo!e (ho ("&he& to caref,lly &elect &ol"d a!d prof"table "!-e&t+e!t&. The bala!ce &heet "& the ba&"c report of a f"r+S&

8?

po&&e&&"o!&, debt& a!d cap"tal. The co+po&"t"o! of the&e three "te+& ("ll -ary dra+at"cally fro+ f"r+ to f"r+. A& a! "!-e&tor, yo, !eed to )!o( ho( to e/a+"!e a!d co+pare bala!ce &heet& of d"ffere!t co+pa!"e& "! order to &elect the "!-e&t+e!t that +eet& o,r !eed&.

NEED FOR ANALYSING A BALANCE SHEET

The a!aly&"& of a bala!ce &heet ca! "de!t"fy pote!t"al l"1,"d"ty proble+&. The&e +ay &"'!"fy the co+pa!yS& "!ab"l"ty to +eet f"!a!c"al obl"'at"o!&. A! "!-e&tor co,ld al&o &pot the de'ree to (h"ch a co+pa!y "& le-era'ed, or "!debted. A! o-erly le-era'ed co+pa!y +ay ha-e d"ff"c,lt"e& ra"&"!' f,t,re cap"tal. E-e! +ore &e-ere, they +ay be headed to(ard& ba!)r,ptcy. The&e are ,&t a fe( of the da!'er &"'!& that ca! be detected ("th caref,l a!aly&"& of a bala!ce &heet. #eyo!d l"1,"d"ty a!d le-era'e, the follo("!' &ect"o! ("ll d"&c,&& other a!aly&"& &,ch a& (or)"!' cap"tal a!d ba!)r,ptcy. A& a! "!-e&tor, yo, ("ll (a!t to )!o( "f a co+pa!y yo, are co!&"der"!' "& "! da!'er of !ot be"!' able to +a)e "t& pay+e!t&. After all, &o+e of the co+pa!yS& obl"'at"o!& ("ll be to yo, "f yo, choo&e to "!-e&t "! "t.

CLASSIFICATION OF RATIOS
+49 BASED ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT0 Acco,!t"!' rat"o& e/pre&& the
relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! f"',re& ta)e! fro+ f"!a!c"al &tate+e!t&. ="',re& +ay be ta)e! fro+ #ala!ce Sheet, Prof"t * Lo&& ALC, or both. 4!e0(ay of cla&&"f"cat"o! of rat"o& "& ba&ed ,po! the &o,rce& fro+ (h"ch are ta)e!.

A6 #ala!ce &heet rat"oH

If the rat"o& are ba&ed o! the f"',re& of bala!ce &heet, they are called #ala!ce Sheet 3at"o&. E.'. rat"o of c,rre!t a&&et& to c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e& or rat"o of debt to e1,"ty. 7h"le calc,lat"!' the&e rat"o&, there "& !o !eed to refer to the 3e-e!,e &tate+e!t. The&e rat"o&

81

&t,dy the relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! the a&&et& * the l"ab"l"t"e&, of the co!cer!. The&e rat"o help to ,d'e the l"1,"d"ty, &ol-e!cy * cap"tal &tr,ct,re of the co!cer!. #ala!ce &heet rat"o& are C,rre!t rat"o, L"1,"d rat"o, a!d Propr"etary rat"o, Cap"tal 'ear"!' 3at"o, Debt e1,"ty rat"o, a!d Stoc) (or)"!' cap"tal rat"o.

#6 3e-e!,e rat"oH
3at"o ba&ed o! the f"',re& fro+ the re-e!,e &tate+e!t "& called re-e!,e &tate+e!t rat"o&. The&e rat"o& &t,dy the relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! the prof"tab"l"ty * the &ale& of the co!cer!. 3e-e!,e rat"o& are Gro&& prof"t rat"o, 4perat"!' rat"o, E/pe!&e rat"o, Net prof"t rat"o, Net operat"!' prof"t rat"o, Stoc) t,r!o-er rat"o.

C6 Co+po&"te rat"oH
The&e rat"o& "!d"cate the relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! t(o "te+&, of (h"ch o!e "& fo,!d "! the bala!ce &heet * other "! re-e!,e &tate+e!t. There are t(o type& of co+po&"te rat"o&H0 a6 So+e co+po&"te rat"o& &t,dy the relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! the prof"t& * the "!-e&t+e!t& of the co!cer!. E.'. ret,r! o! cap"tal e+ployed, ret,r! o! propr"etor& f,!d, ret,r! o! e1,"ty cap"tal etc. b6 4ther co+po&"te rat"o& e.'. debtor& t,r!o-er rat"o&, cred"tor& t,r!o-er rat"o&, d"-"de!d payo,t rat"o&, * debt &er-"ce rat"o&.

)49 BASED ON FUNCTION0 Acco,!t"!' rat"o& ca! al&o be cla&&"f"ed accord"!' to

the"r f,!ct"o!& "! to l"1,"d"ty rat"o&, le-era'e rat"o&, act"-"ty rat"o&, prof"tab"l"ty rat"o& * t,r!o-er rat"o&.

A6 L"1,"d"ty rat"o&0
It &ho(& the relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! the c,rre!t a&&et& * c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e& of the co!cer!. The follo("!' l"1,"d"ty rat"o& are all de&"'!ed to +ea&,re a co+pa!yS& ab"l"ty to co-er "t& &hort0ter+ obl"'at"o!&. Co+pa!"e& ("ll 'e!erally pay the"r "!tere&t pay+e!t& a!d other &hort0ter+ debt& ("th c,rre!t a&&et&. Therefore, "t "& e&&e!t"al that a f"r+ ha-e a! ade1,ate &,rpl,& of c,rre!t a&&et& "! order to +eet the"r c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e&. If a co+pa!y ha& o!ly "ll"1,"d a&&et&, "t +ay !ot be able to +a)e pay+e!t& o! the"r debt&. To +ea&,re a f"r+S&

8.

ab"l"ty to +eet &,ch &hort0ter+ obl"'at"o!&, -ar"o,& rat"o& ha-e bee! de-eloped. e.'. l"1,"d rat"o& * c,rre!t rat"o&.

#6 Le-era'e rat"o&H It &ho(& the relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! propr"etor& f,!d& * debt& ,&ed
"! f"!a!c"!' the a&&et& of the co!cer! e.'. cap"tal 'ear"!' rat"o&, debt e1,"ty rat"o&, * Propr"etary rat"o&.

C6 Act"-"ty rat"o&H
It &ho(& relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! the &ale& * the a&&et&. It "& al&o )!o(! a& T,r!o-er rat"o& * prod,ct"-"ty rat"o& e.'. &toc) t,r!o-er rat"o&, debtor& t,r!o-er rat"o&.

D6 Prof"tab"l"ty rat"o&H
a6 It &ho(& the relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! prof"t& * &ale& e.'. operat"!' rat"o&, 'ro&& prof"t rat"o&, operat"!' !et prof"t rat"o&, e/pe!&e& rat"o&. b6 It &ho(& the relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! prof"t * "!-e&t+e!t e.'. ret,r! o! "!-e&t+e!t, ret,r! o! e1,"ty cap"tal.

E6 Co-era'e rat"o&H
It &ho(& the relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! the prof"t o! the o!e ha!d * the cla"+& of the o,t&"der& to be pa"d o,t of &,ch prof"t e.'. d"-"de!d payo,t rat"o& * debt &er-"ce rat"o&.

B49 BASED ON USER0 The&e rat"o& are ,&er def"!ed. A6 3at"o& for &hort0ter+ cred"tor&H
C,rre!t rat"o&, l"1,"d rat"o&, &toc) (or)"!' cap"tal rat"o&.

#6 3at"o& for the &hareholder&H

3et,r! o! propr"etor& f,!d, ret,r! o! e1,"ty cap"tal.

C6 3at"o& for +a!a'e+e!tH

3et,r! o! cap"tal e+ployed, t,r!o-er rat"o&, operat"!' rat"o&, e/pe!&e& rat"o&

D6 3at"o& for lo!'0ter+ cred"tor&H

88

Debt e1,"ty rat"o&, ret,r! o! cap"tal e+ployed, propr"etor rat"o&.

CURRENT RATIO
Th"& rat"o co+pare& the c,rre!t a&&et& ("th the c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e&. It "& al&o )!o(! a& O(or)"!' cap"tal rat"oK or O &ol-e!cy rat"oK. It "& e/pre&&ed "! the for+ of p,re rat"o. E.'. .H1 The c,rre!t a&&et& of a f"r+ repre&e!t& tho&e a&&et& (h"ch ca! be, "! the ord"!ary co,r&e of b,&"!e&&, co!-erted "!to ca&h ("th"! a &hort per"od t"+e, !or+ally !ot e/ceed"!' o!e year. The c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e& def"!ed a& l"ab"l"t"e& (h"ch are &hort ter+ +at,r"!' obl"'at"o!& to be +et, a& or"'"!ally co!te+plated, ("th "! a year. C,rre!t rat"o 5C36 "& the rat"o of total c,rre!t a&&et& 5CA6 to total c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e& 5CL6. C,rre!t a&&et& "!cl,de ca&h a!d ba!) bala!ce&M "!-e!tory of ra( +ater"al&, &e+" f"!"&hed a!d f"!"&hed 'ood&M +ar)etable &ec,r"t"e&M debtor& 5!et of pro-"&"o! for bad a!d do,btf,l debt&6M b"ll& rece"-ableM a!d prepa"d e/pe!&e&. C,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e& co!&"&t of trade cred"tor&, b"ll& payable, ba!) cred"t, pro-"&"o! for ta/at"o!, d"-"de!d& payable a!d o,t&ta!d"!' e/pe!&e&. Th"& rat"o +ea&,re& the l"1,"d"ty of the c,rre!t a&&et& a!d the ab"l"ty of a co+pa!y to +eet "t& &hort0ter+ debt obl"'at"o!. C3 +ea&,re& the ab"l"ty of the co+pa!y to +eet "t& CL, ".e., CA 'et& co!-erted "!to ca&h "! the operat"!' cycle of the f"r+ a!d pro-"de& the f,!d& !eeded to pay for CL. The h"'her the c,rre!t rat"o, the 'reater the &hort0ter+ &ol-e!cy. 3eco++e!ded c,rre!t rat"o "& .H 1. A!y rat"o belo( "!d"cate& that the e!t"ty +ay face l"1,"d"ty proble+ b,t al&o 3at"o o-er .H 1 a& abo-e "!d"cate& o-er trad"!', that "& the e!t"ty "& ,!der ,t"l"F"!' "t& c,rre!t a&&et&. It& for+,la "&H0

CURRENT RATIOE CURRENT ASSETS F CURRENT LIABILITIES

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Fi(ur!,)

8B

The C,rre!t 3at"o +ea&,re& the f"r+S& ab"l"ty to pay the"r c,rre!t obl"'at"o!&. The 'reater e/te!t to (h"ch c,rre!t a&&et& e/ceed& c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e&, the ea&"er the ca! +eet "t& &hort ter+ obl"'at"o!. 2ere (e ca! &ee that "! year .??B0?A, c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e& "!crea&e& c,rre!t a&&et& b,t "! year& .??;0?D, .??D0?> a!d .??>01?, there "& a "!crea&e "! c,rre!t a&&et& ! l"ab"l"t"e& decrea&e. 2e!ce, the co+pa!y ca! ea&"ly +eet "t& &hort ter+ obl"'at"o!&.

ACID TEST RATIO OR GUIC3 RATIO

L"1,"d rat"o "& al&o )!o(! a& ac"d te&t rat"o or 1,"c) rat"o. L"1,"d rat"o co+pare the 1,"c) a&&et& ("th the 1,"c) l"ab"l"t"e&. It "& e/pre&&ed "! the for+ of p,re rat"o. E.'. 1H1. The ter+ 1,"c) a&&et& refer to c,rre!t a&&et&, (h"ch ca! be co!-erted "!to, ca&h "++ed"ately or at a &hort !ot"ce ("tho,t d"+"!,t"o! of -al,e. E,"c) 3at"o 5E36 "& the rat"o bet(ee! 1,"c) c,rre!t a&&et& 5EA6 a!d CL. EA refer& to tho&e c,rre!t a&&et& that ca! be co!-erted "!to ca&h "++ed"ately ("tho,t a!y -al,e &tre!'th. EA "!cl,de& ca&h a!d ba!) bala!ce&, &hort0ter+ +ar)etable &ec,r"t"e&, a!d &,!dry debtor&. I!-e!tory a!d prepa"d e/pe!&e& are e/cl,ded &"!ce the&e ca!!ot be t,r!ed "!to ca&h a& a!d (he! re1,"red. E3 "!d"cate& the e/te!t to (h"ch a co+pa!y ca! pay "t& c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e& ("tho,t rely"!' o! the &ale of "!-e!tory. Th"& "& a fa"rly &tr"!'e!t +ea&,re of l"1,"d"ty beca,&e "t "& ba&ed o! tho&e c,rre!t a&&et&, (h"ch are h"'hly l"1,"d. I!-e!tor"e& are e/cl,ded fro+ the !,+erator of th"& rat"o beca,&e they are dee+ed the lea&t l"1,"d co+po!e!t of c,rre!t a&&et&. Ge!erally, a 1,"c) rat"o of 1H1 "& co!&"dered 'ood. 4!e dra(bac) of the 1,"c) rat"o "& that "t "'!ore& the t"+"!' of rece"pt& a!d pay+e!t&. It& for+,la "&H0 GUIC3 RATIOE CURRENT ASSETS H STOC3 H PREPAID EIPENSES F CURRENT LIABILITIES

8A

53&. I! crore&6

$ear

#SES 3a dha!"

E.3.

.??B0.??A

;D@.?@0.1..D>L D>1.8A

?.A@?

.??A0.??;

AA@.1.01A@.1;L B>D..D

?.D8A

.??;0.??D

DD8.@101BA.8BL >8B.A.

?.;;;

.??D0.??>

AB>.1>018;.@.L @>;.1>

1.?@>

.??>0.?1?

1D>;.D>01.;..8L D@8.B>

..?>>

Ta.l!,B

Fi(ur!,B

DEBT,EGUITY RATIO
8;

Th"& rat"o co+pare& the lo!'0ter+ debt& ("th &hareholder& f,!d. The relat"o!&h"p bet(ee! borro(ed f,!d& * o(!er& cap"tal "& a pop,lar +ea&,re of the lo!' ter+ f"!a!c"al &ol-e!cy of a f"r+. Th"& relat"o!&h"p "& &ho(! by debt e1,"ty rat"o. Alter!at"-ely, th"& rat"o "!d"cate& the relat"-e proport"o! of debt * e1,"ty "! f"!a!c"!' the a&&et& of the f"r+. It "& ,&,ally e/pre&&ed a& a p,re rat"o. E.'. .H1 Debt e1,"ty rat"o "& al&o called a& le-era'e rat"o. Le-era'e +ea!& the proce&& of the "!crea&"!' the e1,"ty &hareholder& ret,r! thro,'h the ,&e of debt. Le-era'e "& al&o )!o(! a& O'ear"!'K or Otrad"!' o! e1,"tyK. Debt e1,"ty rat"o &ho(& the +ar'"! of &afety for lo!'0ter+ cred"tor& * the bala!ce bet(ee! debt * e1,"ty. It& for+,la "& H0 DEBT EGUITY RATIO E LONG TERM DEBT F TOTAL EGUITY 53&. I! crore&6

$ear

#SES 3a dha!"

L.3.

.??B0.??A

1@A..;>L ;1D.;D

..?8B

.??A0.??;

1A.A.;AL ;>8.1.

..?B1

.??;0.??D

1>BB..DL D.?..?

..8D?

.??D0.??>

.B??..>L ;>1..>

8.1A?

.??>0.?1?

8.D@.?>L DD..;B

8.;.?

Ta.l!,-

8D

Fi(ur!,Th"& rat"o +ea&,re& ho( a co+pa!y f"!a!ce& the"r a&&et&. #e"!' h"'hly le-era'ed "& 'e!erally -"e(ed a& be"!' d"&ad-a!ta'eo,& d,e to the "!crea&ed r"&) of ba!)r,ptcy, h"'her borro("!' co&t, a!d decrea&ed f"!a!c"al fle/"b"l"ty.

WOR3ING CAPITAL
7or)"!' Cap"tal "& &"+ply the a+o,!t by (h"ch the c,rre!t a&&et& e/ceed c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e&. It "& -ery &"+"lar to the c,rre!t rat"o. The o!ly d"ffere!ce "& that "t '"-e& yo, a dollar a+o,!t rather tha! a rat"o. It too "& calc,lated to deter+"!e a f"r+S& ab"l"ty to pay "t& &hort0ter+ obl"'at"o!&. 7or)"!' Cap"tal ca! be -"e(ed a& &o+e(hat of a &ec,r"ty bla!)et. The 'reater the a+o,!t of 7or)"!' Cap"tal, the +ore &ec,r"ty a!d "!-e&tor ca! ha-e that they ("ll be able to +eet the"r f"!a!c"al obl"'at"o!&. It& for+,la "&H0 WOR3ING CAPITAL E CURRENT ASSETS H CURRENT LIABILITIES

8>

$ear

#SES 3a dha!"

7.C.

.??B0.??A

;D@.?@0D>1.8A

01?;.8.

.??A0.??;

AA@.1.0 B>D..D

AB.D@

.??;0.??D

DD8.@10>8B.A.

B...?

.??D0.??>

AB>.1>0@>;.1A

1A..?8

.??>0.?1?

1D>;.D>0 D@8.B>

1?B@.8?

Ta.l!,J

Fi(ur!,J The 'reater the a+o,!t of 7or)"!' Cap"tal, the +ore &ec,r"ty a! "!-e&tor ca! ha-e that they ("ll be able to +eet the"r f"!a!c"al obl"'at"o!&. @?

7e &ee that "! f"r&t t(o year& (or)"!' cap"tal "& !e'at"-e ".e., c,rre!t l"ab"l"t"e& are +,ch h"'her tha! the co+pa!yS& c,rre!t a&&et&. I! .??> a!d .?1? there "& a co!&"derable "!crea&e "! the (or)"!' cap"tal. Therefore the co+pa!y "& able to +eet "t& &hort ter+ obl"'at"o!& co+fortably.

DEBT TO TOTAL FUNDS RATIO

Th"& rat"o "& the -ar"at"o! of the debt e1,"ty rat"o a!d '"-e& the &a+e "!d"cat"o! a& the debt e1,"ty rat"o. I! th"& rat"o, debt "& e/pre&&ed "! relat"o! to total f,!d&, ".e., both e1,"ty a!d debt. Ge!erally, debt to total f,!d& rat"o of ?.A;H1 5or A;I6 "& co!&"dered &at"&factory. I! other (ord&, the proport"o! of lo!' ter+ loa!& &ho,ld !ot be +ore tha! A;I of total f,!d&. A h"'her rat"o tha! th"& "& 'e!erally treated a& "!d"cator of r"&)y f"!a!c"al po&"t"o! fro+ the lo!' ter+ po"!t of -"e(, beca,&e "t +ea!& that the f"r+ depe!d& too +,ch o! o,t&"de loa!& for "t& e/"&te!ce. A!y ("thdra(al of f,!d& by the le!der& ("ll p,t the co+pa!"e& "! d"ff"c,lt"e&. I! add"t"o!, a h"'her rat"o "!d"cate& a b,rde! of pay+e!t of lar'e a+o,!t of "!tere&t char'e& per"od"cally a!d the repay+e!t of lar'e a+o,!t of loa!& at +at,r"ty. Pay+e!t of "!tere&t +ay beco+e d"ff"c,lt "t prof"t "& red,ced. 2e!ce, 'ood co!cer!& )eep the debt to total f,!d& rat"o belo( A;I. The lo(er the rat"o, the better "t "& fro+ the lo!' ter+ &ol-e!cy po"!t of -"e(. It& for+,la "&H0

DEBT TO TOTAL FUNDS RATIO E LONG TERM LOANSF8EGUITYKDEBT9

53&. I! crore&6

@1

$ear

#ESE 3a dha!"

D.T.=.3

.??B0.??A .??A0.??; .??;0.??D .??D0.??>

.8B@.1.L D.A.1 ...B.?@L ;>8.1. .D>?.>?L @8B.1D .>>;.@BL .>;.D.

..D@> ..D?B A.A@. 1?.?A@

.??>0.?1?

@1.;.ADL @.1..D

>.;>

Ta.l!,?

Fi(ur!,?

CURRENT CASH DEBT EGUITY RATIO

@.

It& for+,la "&H0 CURRENT CASH DEBT EGUITY RATIO E NET CASH FROM OPERATING ACTI1ITYF TOTAL LIABILITY 53&. I! crore&6

$ear

#SES 3a dha!"

C.C.D.E.3

.??B0.??A

.8>.>BL D>1.8A

?..A>

.??A0.??;

1;B.@BL B>D..D

?..>8

.??;0.??D

1A>.D. L >8B.A.

?.1D1B

.??D0.??>

..;.8DL @>;.1A

?.@B;

.??>0.?1?

01>@.;.L D@8.B>

0 ?..8?

Ta.l!,A

@8

Fi(ur!,A

2ere the rat"o "! .??B0?A "& ?..A> a!d "! .??A0?; "& ?..>8. I! .??D0?> "t "!crea&e& to ?.@B a!d the! "t decrea&e& "! .??>01?. The co+pa!y "& !ot able to 'e!erate e!o,'h ca&h to pay "t& &hort ter+ debt&.

CASH RETURN ON SALES RATIO

It& for+,la "&H0 CASH RETURN ON SALES RATIO E NET CASH BY OPERATING ACTI1ITYF NET SALES

@@

$ear

#SES 3a dha!"

C.3.S.3

.??B0.??A

.8>.>BL ..D8.8B

?.1?B

.??A0.??;

1;B.@BL .B8;.AB

?.?A>

.??;0.??D

1A>.D. L 8?>1.@D

?.?BB

.??D0.??>

..;.8DL 8A??..;

?.?A8

.??>0.?1?

01>@.;.L @818.;D

0 ?.?@B

Table0D

Fi(ur!,@ T#! #i(#!r t#! rati"7 t#! .!tt!r it i%4 @B

The ca&h rate of ret,r! ha& bee! -ery lo( "! all the f"-e year&. =ro+ ?.11 "! .??B0?A, "t dropped to ?.?A> a!d ?.?A8 "! year .??A0?; a!d .??D0?> re&pect"-ely a!d "t 'ot !e'at"-e "! year .??>01?. The rat"o "& +,ch belo( 1?I "! all the year&.

CASH INTEREST CO1ERAGE RATIO

It& for+,la "&H0 CASH INTEREST CO1ERAGE RATIO E CASH FROM O4A4 BEFORE TAI AND INTERSET F INTEREST

53&. I! crore&6

$ear

#SES 3a dha!"

C.I.C.3

.??B0.??A

.B@..;L 81.>1

;.>AD

.??A0.??;

1>@.>8L 1B1.@.

1..D;

.??;0.??D

1;>.;1 L .?8.?8

?.DDB

.??D0.??>

@;B.B.L .@A.A>

1.>.D

.??>0.?1?

D..@;L .;B.@A

?..>>

Ta.l!,L

@A

Fi(ur!,L The rat"o ha& dra&t"cally decl"!ed fro+ ;.>AD "! .??B0?A to ?..>> "! .??>01?. The lo(e&t be"!' "! .??>01? (he! co+pa!y (a& !ot "! a po&"t"o! to co-er the (hole a+o,!t of "!tere&t. 3at"o "& lo( "! all f"-e year&.

FIIED ASSET PURCHASE RATIO

The =AP rat"o +ea&,re& the !et ca&h fro+ operat"o!al act"-"t"e& "! f"/ed a&&et&. Th"& rat"o +ea&,re& the eff"c"e!cy ("th (h"ch f"/ed a&&et& are e+ployed. A h"'h rat"o "!d"cate& a h"'h de'ree of eff"c"e!cy "! a&&et ,t"l"Fat"o! (h"le a lo( rat"o reflect& a! "!eff"c"e!t ,&e of a&&et&. 2o(e-er, th"& rat"o &ho,ld be ,&ed ("th ca,t"o! beca,&e (he! the f"/ed a&&et& of a f"r+ are old a!d &,b&ta!t"ally deprec"ated, the f"/ed a&&et& p,rcha&e rat"o te!d& to be h"'h 5beca,&e the de!o+"!ator of the rat"o "& -ery lo(6. It& for+,la "&H0 FIIED ASSETS PURCHASE RATIO E CASH FROM OPERATIONAL ACTI1ITY F NET FIIED ASSETS

@;

53&. I! crore&6

$ear

#SES 3a dha!"

=.A.P.3

.??B0.??A

.8>.>BL B1D.DD

?.@A.

.??A0.??;

1;B.@BL .?A.BD

?.D@>

.??;0.??D

1A>.D. L .@A.>A

?.ADB

.??D0.??>

..;.8DL 8;A.B.

?.A?@

.??>0.?1?

01>@.;.L 8?@.BB

0 ?.A8>

Ta.l!,+*

@D

Fi(ur!,+*

I! .??B0?A the ca&h 'e!erated fro+ operat"!' act"-"t"e& (a& able to f"!a!ce o!ly @A I of the f"/e a&&e&t&. I! .??A0?; "t "!crea&e& to D@I a!d a'a"! fall& do(! to ADI "! .??;0?D. I! .??D0?>, "t f,rther fall& to A?I a!d "! .??>01? "t 'oe& to !e'at"-e ?.A8>. Th"& +ea!& that the co+pa!y (a& !ot able to 'e!erate e!o,'h ca&h to f"!a!ce "t& f"/ed a&&et&.

TRANSMISSION : DISTRIBUTION LOSSES 8T:D L"%!%9

Thro,'h GENC4 the electr"c"ty "& 'e!erated a!d the! "t "& be"!' tra!&+"tted to DISC4M by the T3ANSC4. =,rther the DISC4M tra!&+"t& "t to the d"&tr"ct& a!d the! electr"c"ty "& &,ppl"ed to f"!al co!&,+er& fro+ there. The ,!"t& lo&t (h"le tra!&+"tt"!' fro+ DISC4M to f"!al co!&,+er& "& ter+ed a& T*D Lo&e&. =or E/a+ple, T3ANSC4 tra!&+"t& 1?? ,!"t& to DISC4M, fro+ there all the 1?? ,!"t& are tra!&ferred to d"&tr"ct& a!d o!ly >B ,!"t& o,t of 1?? reach there. 7h"le tra!&ferr"!' the

@>

,!"t& to co!&,+er& f,rther 18 ,!"t& are lo&t. Th"& lo&& of 1D ,!"t& "& ter+ed a& Tra!&+"&&"o! a!d D"&tr"b,t"o! Lo&e& 5T*D Lo&e&6 T R A N S C O Di%tri2 t DISCOM Di%tri2t Cu%t" ! r Cu%t" !r

GENCO

Di%tri2t Cu%t" ! r

LJ unit% +** unit% @) unit%

T:D L"%!% Fi(ur!,++

AGGREGATE OF TECHNICAL : COMMERCIAL LOSSES8AT:C L"%%!%9

A''re'ate Tech!"cal * Co++erc"al 5AT*C6 lo&& "& o!e of the +o&t cr"t"cal b,&"!e&& eff"c"e!cy +ea&,re& for po(er d"&tr"b,t"o! co+pa!"e&, a!d "& a factor of t(o clearly "de!t"f"able a!d +ea&,rable para+eter&. ="r&t, the a+o,!t collected 5)7h& real"Fed6 by the D"&co+ for e!er'y &old, a!d &eco!d, the e!er'y "!p,t 5)7h& &,ppl"ed6 to the D"&co+ per"phery. OA+o,!t collectedK +ea!& +o!ey act,ally rece"-ed fro+ reta"l co!&,+er& a&

B?

oppo&ed to (hat they (ere b"lled. Th,& "t capt,re& the e!t"re 'a+,t of lea)a'e& "! the 3e-e!,e &trea+. Tech!"cal lo&&e& are attr"b,table to heat a!d fr"ct"o! ca,&ed by the phy&"cal operat"o! a!d de&"'! of a!y d"&tr"b,t"o! &y&te+. E!er'y "!p,t at the D"&co+ per"phery "& tra!&+"tted thro,'h a co+ple/ a!d +,lt"0t"er d"&tr"b,t"o! !et(or) before "t "& f"!ally del"-ered to co!&,+er&. The 1,a!t,+ of tech!"cal lo&&e& d,r"!' tra!&+"&&"o! depe!d& o! the 1,al"ty of d"&tr"b,t"o! !et(or) a!d "!fra&tr,ct,re. Co++erc"al lo&&e& are co!trollable a!d are a co+b"!at"o! of theft, ,!0+etered &,pply, defect"-e a!d &lo( +eter&, ,!0b"lled +eter&, b"ll"!' error&, f"ct"t"o,& c,&to+er& a!d bad debt&. Co++erc"al eff"c"e!cy th,& play& a &"'!"f"ca!t role (h"le +ea&,r"!' b,&"!e&& eff"c"e!cy, a!d d"&co+ !eed to ta)e all tech!"cal a!d co++erc"al "!ter-e!t"o!& to co!ta"! L red,ce lo&&e&. GENC4 'e!erate& e!er'y a!d the! thro,'h T3ANSC4 "t "& tra!&ferred to DISC4M. DISC4M the! 'et the electr"c"ty d"&tr"b,ted to f"!al co!&,+er& thro,'h d"&tr"ct &,pply off"ce&. The! DISC4M 'e!erated b"ll& to the co!&,+er accord"!' to the ,&a'e. The a+o,!t pa"d by the co!&,+er& "& co!-erted "!to ,!"t& a!d the! tho&e ,!"t& are co+pared to the act,al ,!"t& tra!&+"tted by the T3ANSC4. The lo&& of ,!"t& "& called AT*C Lo&e&. =or e/a+ple, T3ANSC4 tra!&+"t& 1?? ,!"t& to DISC4M. DISC4M tra!&fer& all the ,!"t& to d"&tr"ct bra!che& a!d "! the proce&& B ,!"t& are lo&t. D"&tr"ct bra!che& d"&tr"b,te the electr"c"ty to co!&,+er& a!d 1? +ore ,!"t& are lo&t "! the proce&&. Total ,!"t& !o( are DB ,!"t& that are d"&tr"b,ted a+o!' the co!&,+er&. The! tho&e ,!"t& are +,lt"pl"ed bye the tar"ff a!d b"ll a+o,!t "& calc,lated L")e, DB/B P 3&.@.BM #,t #"ll collect"o! "& o!ly 3&.8??. The&e 3&.8?? are co!-erted to ,!"t& by d"-"d"!' "t by the tar"ff rate, 8??LB P A? ,!"t&. No(, the&e A? ,!"t& are co+pared to 1?? ,!"t& a!d th,& AT*C Lo&e& ("ll be of @? ,!"t&. The DISC4M, -"F. #3PL, #$PL a!d NDPL, (ere '"-e! AT*C Lo&& 3ed,ct"o! tar'et& for each year "! the Co!trol Per"od. At the e!d of ="!a!c"al $ear .??;0?D, #3PL, #$PL

B1

a!d NDPL ha-e ach"e-ed AT*C lo&& of .;.B1I, 8?..8I a!d 1D..>I a& a'a"!&t the tar'et& of .A.A>I, 8@.;;I a!d ...?8I, re&pect"-ely. A& re'ard& =$ .??D0?>, the a-a"lable pro-"&"o!al f"',re& "!d"cate that #3PL, #$PL a!d NDPL ha-e ach"e-ed AT*C lo&& le-el of .?.D;I, .@.B.I a!d 1B.1?I a'a"!&t the tar'et& of .8.@AI, 8?.B.I a!d .?.8BI re&pect"-ely. The perfor+a!ce &o far reflect& a -ery healthy tre!d a& all the DISC4M& appear to ha-e ach"e-ed the AT*C lo&& tar'et& pre&cr"bed "! the M,lt" $ear Tar"ff 5M$T6 4rder.

REASONS FOR AT:C LOSSES

#"ll"!'LCollect"o!LProce&& Def"c"e!c"e&H The po"!t& +e!t"o!ed belo( are the +a"! def"c"e!c"e& of the co+pa!y d,e to (h"ch h"'h AT*C lo&&e& ar"&eH0 1. Theft of e!er'y "! +etered co!!ect"o!&. .. Theft by ,!0+etered co!&,+er&.

B.

8. No! pay+e!t of e!er'y b"ll&. @. Lo&& "! d"&tr"b,t"o! of e!er'y. B. Co!&,+er b"lled b,t !ot cred"ted. A. U!a,thor"Fed colo!"e&. ;. M"&,&e of cate'ory. D. Part pay+e!t. >. L"!e d"&co!!ected co!&,+er. 1?. Co!&,+er !ot b"lled. 11. Del"berate ,!der b"ll"!'. 1.. Pro-"&"o!al b"ll"!'. 18. #"ll& !ot del"-ered. 1@. #"ll& o! acco,!t of old +eter (he! cha!'ed. 1B. Collect"o! "!eff"c"e!cy.

CAUSES FOR LOW RE1ENUE REALISATION

Lo( re-e!,e real"Fat"o!

2"'h I of re-e!,e
B8

lo&&

lac) of acco,!tab"l"ty for e!er'y &,ppl"ed.

U!0+etered &,pply a!d #ypa&&"!' of +eter&.

Defect"-e +eter& a!d d"rect Co!!ect"o!&.

Fi(ur!,+)

Poor a!d "!ade1,ate d"&tr"b,t"o! !et(or).

MEASURES FOR CURBING POWER THEFTS AND AT:C LOSS REDUCTION STRATEGIES
There are +a!y (ay& by (h"ch the po(er theft& ca! be &topped a!d AT*C lo&&e& 5a''re'ate of tech!"cal a!d co++erc"al lo&&e&6 ca! be red,ced. Th"& red,ct"o! "! AT*C lo&&e& ("ll re&,lt "! the "!crea&ed a+o,!t of re-e!,e real"Fed by the po(er d"&tr"b,t"o! co+pa!"e& a!d thereby "!crea&"!' the"r prof"t&. The -ar"o,& +ethod& of red,c"!' po(er theft& are d"&c,&&ed belo(H0

B@

+49 BY STRICT LEGISLATI1E PROCEDURES0

A6. ELECT3ICIT$ ACT .??80 ANTI T2E=T P34VISI4NSH Th"& act (a& +ade to ha-e a &tr"ct co!trol o-er people a!d ha-e a &tr"ct b"!d"!' of la( o! people (ho &teal po(er. It (a& bro,'ht "! force to ha-e the follo("!' act"o!&H0 16. ENT3$, SEA3C2 AND SEICU3EH +ea&,re&H0 Pro-"de& for e!try, &earch a!d &e"F,re (he! there "& rea&o! to bel"e-e that electr"c"ty ha& bee!, "& be"!' or "& l")ely to be, ,&ed ,!a,thor"Fed. T Se"F,re of boo)& a!d doc,+e!t& pro-"ded "! add"t"o! to "!cr"+"!at"!' +ater"al ,&ed for theft of e!er'y T 3e&tr"ct"o! o! "!&pect"o! d,r"!' !"'ht t"+e "! do+e&t"c pre+"&e& G "!&pect"o! "! the pre&e!ce of ad,lt +ale +e+ber o!ly T Po(er to brea) ope! a!d &earch "! ca&e e!try "& ref,&ed. .6. PENAL ACTI4N =43 T2E=T AND A#ETMENTH Sect"o! 18B de&cr"be& the follo("!'H0 E/ha,&t"-e def"!"t"o! co-er"!' a& +a!y type& of theft a& po&&"ble. T I+pr"&o!+e!t ,p to 8 year& 43 f"!e 43 both T I+pr"&o!+e!t for a +"!"+,+ per"od of A +o!th& ,p to B year& pro-"ded for .!d a!d &,b&e1,e!t Co!-"ct"o!& for co!&,+er& ,&"!' load& "! e/ce&& of 1? 97 o!ly. T ="!e to be at 8 t"+e& the 'a"! "! ca&e of f"r&t co!-"ct"o! a!d A t"+e& the 'a"! for .!d a!d &,b&e1,e!t co!-"ct"o!&. 86. SPECIAL C4U3TSH Sect"o! 1B8H0Pro-"de& for co!&t"t,t"o! of Spec"al Co,rt& for each area (h"ch &hall ha-e the po(er of Co,rt& of Se&&"o!. Po(er of S,o Motto co'!"Fa!ce !ot pro-"ded (h"ch +ay lead to proced,ral delay&. Pro-"de& for &,++ary tr"al 5Sect"o! 1B@5866. S!2ti"n +BJ8)6 pro-"de& the follo("!'

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)49 TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION0 A!other (ay of co!ta"!"!' po(er theft&

"& by tech!olo'y ,p 'radat"o!. A94 It& t"+e to adopt the ad-a!ce tech!olo'"e& a!d appl"cat"o! &pec"f"cally de&"'!ed for the po(er &ector. B94 Tech!"cal cha!'e& that +a)e theft d"ff"c,lt e.'. lay"!' PVC coated aer"al co!d,ctor& 5A#C6 cable& that ca!!ot be p"lfered by ,&"!' crocod"le p"!& or p,tt"!' ,p pole +eter&. C94 Appl"cat"o!& &,ch a&H 3e+oteLA,to+at"c Meter 3ead"!'. 3eal T"+e Mo!"tor"!' Sy&te+& &,ch a& SCADALDMS etc. 4!l"!e E!er'y Acco,!t"!' Sy&te+. Pre Pay+e!t Sy&te+. 2T d"&tr"b,t"o!. U!der'ro,!d cable d"&tr"b,t"o!.

B94 STRINGENT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM0

A6. 34LE 4= DISC4M EN=43CEMENT 7INGH 3ed,ce T * D Lo&&e& by co!d,ct"!' +a&&"-e ra"d& for detect"o! of theft of po(er by ,!&cr,p,lo,& co!&,+er&. 9eep &tr"ct -"'"lL&,r-e"lla!ce of theft pro!e e&tabl"&h+e!t&Larea&. Lod'e =I3 "! ca&e& of D"rect Theft.

#6. 34LE 4= CIS=H A&&oc"ate the E!force+e!t tea+&. Pro-"de protect"o! to the I!&pect"!' Lra"d"!' tea+& (h"le co!d,ct"!' "!&pect"o!L ra"d& "! d"ff"c,lt L theft pro!e area&. #r"!' d"&c"pl"!e "! co!&,+er&.

-94 +**D REALISATION OF ELECTRICITY BILL0

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It "& the role of b,&"!e&& +a!a'er& to ta)e ade1,ate &tep& a!d e!&,re that the a+o,!t& d,e for po(er b"ll& are f,lly reco-ered. It ca! be do!e by call"!' ,p the c,&to+er&, &ett"!' a tea+ of reco-ery a'e!t&, &e!d"!' re+"!der& a!d !ot"ce& to the c,&to+er&.

J94

PROACTI1E

APPROACH

THROUGH

AD1ERTISEMENT

CAMPAIGN TO EDUCATE CITICENS AGAINST POWERTHEFT4 ?94 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION0

Po(er theft& ca! be co!ta"!ed by e!co,ra'"!' the p,bl"c "! 'e!eral to part"c"pate "! a!t" theft dr"-e. It ca! be do!e ("th the help of +a!y or'a!"Fat"o!& (h"ch "!cl,deH 3e&"de!t (elfare a&&oc"at"o!&, NG4K&, N,))ad !ata)& a!d teach"!'& "! &chool&. Th,&, all the +ethod& d"&c,&&ed abo-e ("ll help the co+pa!"e& "! co!ta"!"!' po(er theft& a!d red,ct"o! of AT*C lo&&e&. Th"& ("ll al&o re&,lt "! "!crea&ed re-e!,e real"Fat"o! for the co+pa!"e&.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
3efere!ce Mater"al pro-"ded by #SES Po(er Ltd., Nehr, Place, Ne( Delh". #ala!ce Sheet of #SES $a+,!a Po(er Ltd. Int!rn!t R!f!r!n2!% (((."!-e&toped"a.co+L,!"-er&"tyLrat"o&L (((.b&e&delh".co+ (((.+ap&of"!d"a.co+ (((.!et+ba.co+Lf"!a!ceLf"!a!c"alLrat"o&

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