The mammalian eye 

Student

The eye is one of the most important sense organs in the human body. It helps the nervous system gather information about the external _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in order for it to respond adequately and maintain homeostasis. The wall of the eye is composed of three main layers. The outer layer is called the _ _ _ _ _ _, it is a strong white coat that protects the eye. The middle layer is called the _ _ _ _ _ _ _, it is dark in colour because it contains blood vessels that supply the eye with nutrients and oxygen. The innermost layer is called the _ _ _ _ _ _, it contains photoreceptors called rods and cones that are important in the production of sight. As light enters the eye, it is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (bent) towards the pupil by a curved structure called the _ _ _ _ _ _. Just behind this structure is a clear uid called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, through which light will pass to reach the lens. It is the job of the lens to focus light on the retina. In order to do this the shape of the lens changes according to the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the object from the eye. The shape is controlled mainly by the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ muscles and the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ligaments. Besides distance, the eye also has to adjust according to the amount of light entering the eye. The _ _ _ _ controls the amount of light entering the pupil. Besides a colourful pigment, the iris is composed of two layers of muscles called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ muscles. In bright light, the circular muscles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and the radial muscles _ _ _ _ _, causing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the pupil, in order to reduce the amount of light entering the eye. In dim light the opposite occurs the pupil _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to let more light enter. As light passes through the eyeball, it travels through a jelly like substance called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ humour which maintains the _ _ _ _ _ of the eyeball. Eventually light reaches the retina where it stimulates the photoreceptors to send impulses through the _ _ _ _ _ nerve towards the occipital lobe of the brain to be interpreted. The retina has an area that is saturated with cones to see colour and ne details, this is called the _ _ _ _ _. Where the optic nerve enters the eyeball there is an area that does not contain any photoreceptors. It is referred to as the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

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Across
3. A pigment that detects light 6. Being able to oc s on ob ects hich a e at di e ent Across distances om o 3. A pigment that detects light . he m scle that changes the shape o the lens 6.  Being able to focus on objects which . hese ecepto cells detect colo are at different distances from you
8. The muscle that changes the shape of the lens 9. These receptor cells detect colour

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o cannot oc s on ob ects in the

s o to see e e thing b t the e is nothing 1.   You the e have this if you cannot focus on objects in the distance 3. he change in the di ection o light hen it ente s the 2. e  It e allows you to see everything but there is nothing there . he e the ne es and blood essels ente the e e

3.   change the direction light when . The he g eatest in concent ation o of ecepto cells a e o nd heit eenters the eye 4. . Where nerves and he i is the does this in dimblood light vessels enter the eye 5.  The greatest concentration of receptor cells are found here 7. The iris does this in dim light

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