Chapter 2: Life Processes

Human Breathe
Changes during inhalation and exhalation

Passage of air during inhalation Oxygen Nose/mouth Windpipe Lungs

Passage of air during exhalation Carbon Dioxide Lungs Nose/Mouth The air that flows out contains carbon dioxide

Animal reproduce

Animal reproduce to: 1. Ensure the survival of their species 2. Increase the number of animals 3. Maintain balance in nature

Lay Eggs Animal that lay eggs are Insects -> Insects such as butterflies lay their eggs at leaves and snails lay their eggs at dark and damp places. Certain insects such as Moths do take a good care of their eggs until their off springs hatch out from their egg sacs.

Birds -> Birds make their nest at branches of trees to lay their eggs so that they could avoid the eggs from being endangered by their predators. Birds and chickens will sit on their eggs until they hatch. That method is known as the incubation method where birds and chickens give their eggs suitable temperatures to complete their growth.

Turtle -> Turtle lay their eggs at beach, in the sands and they do not take care of their eggs. Turtles lay a lot of eggs in one time but from that a lot of eggs, only a few on their off springs that finally do survive till the end where others would most probably been eaten by their predators.

Give Birth Animals that give birth are Mammals -> Mammals are those animals that give birth to their junior offspring. Mammals are also categorized to 3 classes, -Land mammals -Aquatic mammals -Flying mammals Land mammals -> some mammals as elephant, Rhinoceros and goat are the mammals that only give birth to just one or two offspring. Mammals such as cat, rabbit and mice will give birth to more than two offspring at one time.

Do you know? An elephant takes 22 month to give birth .to its young

Aquatic mammals ->There are only 4 aquatic mammal and they are whale, dugong, dolphin and seal. These animals do live in and out from water but they go to the surface of the water to inhale and exhale. They reproduce to their young and not to eggs and that is why they are classified as mammals.

Flying mammals -> There is only 1 flying mammal on this planet which is the bat. Bats are the only flying mammals that give birth to their young.

Plant respond to stimuli

*Some plants respond to touch. For example,mimosa plant. -the leaves of mimosa plant will immediately fold up when they are touched.

*The roots plant grow towards the direction of water because the plant need water to survive.

Touch

Water

Responses of Plants to

Sun light

Gravity

*the shoots of the plants grow towards the sunlight. plants need sunlight to produce food.

*The

* Gravity is the force that pulls object towards the centre of the earth. *Roots grow toward gravity.

Breathing structure of Animals

Breathing Structure Lungs Description Land Animals: Bird, Monkey, Snake, Crocodile, Frog Aquatic Animals: Whale, Dolphin, Turtle Fish, Prawn, Tadpoles Insects breathe through the trachea, a system of tiny air tubes throughout the body. Air enters the spiracles by tiny pores found at the abdomen and are then carried by tubes to body cells.

Gills Trachea Structure

Moist Skin Book Gills

Frogs and salamanders breathe through their lungs however they also could breathe through moist skin Crabs

Book Lungs

Spiders and Scorpions

Plants Reproduceto ensure the survival of its species.

1. Seeds Flowering plants reproduce through seeds. Examples are durian, papaya, rambutan and mango 2. Spores Non flowering plant reproduces through spores. Examples are; Fern Mosses Algae Fungi such as mushroom

3. Leaves