L NH B, M.

B QUYT THI TRC NGHIM

TING ANH
Phng php hiu qu nht vt qua cc k thi trc nghim ting Anh First News

NH XUT BN TR

MC LC
LI NI U TEST TAKING TIPS (MCH NC KHI LM BI THI TRC NGHIM) BI 1: SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT (S PH HP GIA CH NG V NG T) Bi tp p n BI 2: PARALLELISM (LUT SONG HNH HAY CU TRC SONG HNH) Bi tp p n BI 3: PRONOUN ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT (S PH HP GI I T V TIN T) Bi tp p n BI 4: PRONOUN USAGE (CCH DNG I T) Bi tp p n BI 5: ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB USAGE (CCH DNG TNH T V TRNG T) Bi tp p n 62 68 72 50 56 60 38 43 48 27 31 36 12 20 25 7 5

BI 6:

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (SO SNH HN V CAO NHT CA TNH T V TRNG T) Bi tp p n 74 79 84 86 92 97 99 105 109 111 114 117 119 126 129 131 135 139 141 149 151

BI 7:

VERB USAGE (CCH DNG NG T) Bi tp p n

BI 8:

VERBALS (NHNG T C GC NG T) Bi tp p n

BI 9:

WORD FORMS (CC DNG T LOI) Bi tp p n

BI 10:

PREPOSITIONS (GII T) Bi tp p n

BI 11:

CONJUNCTIONS AND CONJUCTIVE ADVERBS (LIN T V TRNG T LIN KT) Bi tp p n

BI 12:

WORD CHOICE FREQUENTLY MISUSED WORDS (CHN DNG T - NHNG T THNG B DNG LN LN) Bi tp p n

BI 13:

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES (MNH PH) Bi tp p n 154 159 163 165 170 174 176 179 182

BI 14:

VOICE AND MOOD (TH V CCH) Bi tp p n

BI 15:

MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS IN USAGE (NHNG VN KHC TRONG CCH DNG TING ANH) Bi tp p n

CC THI TRC NGHIM TING ANH TRONG K THI TT NGHIP PTTH V TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2006 184

LI NI U
K t nm 2006, hnh thc thi trc nghim mn ngoi ng c p dng trong cc k thi tt nghip ph thng trung hc (PTTH) v tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng (H, C) nc ta. Mc ch ca cun sch ny l gip cho cc bn hc sinh, sinh vin lm quen vi cc thi trc nghim mn ting Anh cng cch thc gii cc thi. Sch cng rt cn thit cho nhng ai quan tm n nhng k thi quc t nh TOEFL, TOEIC... v c nhng hc sinh, sinh vin i du hc bc trung hc, i hc cn lm quen vi cc k thi SAT, GED, GMAT... M. Nhng cu hi trc nghim ting Anh trong tp sch ny ch trng nhiu vo cu trc ng php v cch dng ting Anh - tc phn ng php - l nhng phn ch yu ca cc k thi. Tuy nhin, do ng php ting Anh l mt lnh vc qu rng, khng th hc ht trong mt sm mt chiu, nn trong tp sch mng ny, chng ti t trng tm vo mt s ch im quan trng nht - vn rt thng gp trong tt c cc k thi. Sau khi xem xt hng trm thi ting Anh ca cc k thi quc t cng nh trong nc, chng ti nhn thy, tu trung, nhng cu hi thng ch yu xoay quanh cc vn sau y: Subject-verb agreement (S ph hp gia ch ng v ng t). Parallelism (Lut song hnh hay cu trc song hnh). Pronoun-antecedent agreement (S ph hp gia i t v tin t). Pronoun usage (Cch dng i t). Adjective.and adverb usage (Cch dng tnh t v trng t). Comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs (So snh hn v cao nht ca tnh t v trng t). Verb usage (Cch dng ng t). Verbals (Nhng t c gc ng t). Word forms (Cc dng t loi). Prepositions (Gii t). Conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs (Lin t v trng t lin kt). Word choice - Frequently misused words (Chn dng t - Nhng t thng b dng ln ln). Subordinate clauses (Mnh ph)...

Theo chiu hng , chng ti bin son thnh 15 bi, mi bi gm 3 phn: Phn l thuyt gip ngi hc n nhanh nhng kin thc mnh tng kinh qua, c phn m rng gm nhng kin thc thuc loi "nh " thng xut hin trong cc thi trc nghim. Phn cu hi trc nghim - mi bi 30 cu - kim tra ngay sau khi n tp. Phn p n: Tt c cc cu hi trc nghim u c p n. c bit, vi nhng cu tng i kh, chng ti a ra nhng gii thch r rng gip cho ngi hc tho g nhng vng mc, n li ng php. Chng ti cng ch trng phn ny v a phn hc sinh hc lc trung bnh - thm ch c hc sinh kh - khi xem p n vn khng hiu v sao cu A ng m cu B, C, hay D li sai v ngc li. Phn p n cng cung cp thm nhiu im ng php cn thit. nm chc cch dng ting Anh lin quan n cc bi, cc bn c th tham kho thm nhiu chi tit cng cch gii thch cn k trong cun T in Cch Dng Ting Anh (Dictionary of English Usage) ca cng tc gi. Nh vy, nu mi ngy cc bn b ra 1 gi 30 pht (tng ng vi 2 tit hc): 45 pht cho phn l thuyt; 35 pht lm bi trc nghim; 10 pht xem p n cng nhng gii thch, th ch trong vng na thng, xem nh cc bn "thng qua" phn ng php c th sn sng tham d cc k thi ting Anh mt cch t tin. Theo cc thi tt nghip PTTH v tuyn sinh H, C nc ta nm 2006, th sinh c hn 1 pht lm 1 cu trc nghim (60 pht cho 50 cu trc nghim vi k thi tt nghip PTTH v 90 pht cho 70 cu trc nghim vi k thi tuyn sinh H, C), nn chng ti cng thit k 30 cu trc nghim vi 35 pht cho mi bi cc bn thc tp lm bi vi thi gian 1 cu hn 1 pht. Vi trnh ting Anh qua cc lp ph thng trung hc v vi cch tip cn thi, nm bt v n li nhng im cn bn vn phm nh th, chng ti tin chc l cc bn c th vt qua k thi trc nghim ting Anh. c th nm vng ng php, cc bn cng nn tham kho thm sch Ng Php Ting Anh Hin i (Modern English Grammar) ca cng tc gi. Mt trong nhng chm ngn khi hc ting Anh m chng ta cn ghi nh l phi "Thc hnh, thc hnh v thc hnh" (Practice, practice, and practice). phn luyn thi trc nghim th cc bn nn tm cch lm thm tht nhiu bi thi trc nghim cng tt. Chc cc bn thnh cng. Tc gi Thc s L NH B

TEST-TAKING TIPS (MCH NC KHI LM BI THI TRC NGHIM)

Cc bi thi trc nghim ting Anh - hay phn "Structure section" trong cc k thi TOEFL, SAT... ch yu trc nghim kh nng v ng php v cch dng ting Anh (English grammar and usage). C hai loi cu hi thng dng: 1. Sentence completion (Hon chnh cu): thi a ra mt cu cha hon chnh, trong , mt hay mt vi phn c b trng. Theo sau l p n, thng lit k 4 t hoc cm t. Th sinh s chn trong s nhng p n a ra, p n no l chnh xc hon tt cu hp vi c php v hp l nht. Th d: Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t hoc cm t (A, B, c hoc D) thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu.) - Its ______ today. A. so cold day C. a such cold day B. such a cold day D. a so cold day

Vi cu ny, ta chn B l ng. Cu C th sai trt t t. Cu A sai v so c th ng trc tnh t nhn mnh nh trong cu "He was so busy" (Anh y bn rn n th) hoc trong cu trn y nu nh khng c day th ng: It's so cold today. Cn trong trng hp y, khi cold gi vai tr thuc ng cho danh t day, ta phi dng such thay cho so. Th d ta ni "Helen was such a nice girl" ch khng ni "Helen was so a nice girl" nhng c th ni "Helen was so nice." Mt im d nh: so l trng t nn sau n l tnh t hoc trng t; cn such l tnh t nn sau n phi l danh t. tr li cu hi loi ny, ta cn ch : Nu cc p n kh ngn, ta nn lic nhanh ton b c khi nim v nhng thiu st ca cu. Ci "lic" ny thng c th gip ta phn nhm cu hi thuc loi parallel structure, verb forms, word order... Nu cc p n di v phc tp, ta hy bt u bng vic c c cu. Khng nn phn tch tng t mt, nhng khi c, hy c hnh thnh din mo cu trc c cu: C bao nhiu mnh trong cu? Mi mnh c ch ng v ng t hay cha? c lin t kt ni cc

mnh vi nhau? Cn phn no thiu st?... Nu cha tm c p n ngay, c gng gii p bng phng php loi tr, tc loi dn nhng p n khng hp l. l cc p n: o Cn thiu nhng t hoc cm t thit yu khin cho cu cha hon chnh. o Bao gm nhng t hay cm t khng cn thit. o Mt phn ca p n sai ng php khi in vo ton cu. Sau khi loi tr, hy c li c cu vi p n - hay nhng p n - cn li. Nu p n no "c v khng ng" th c l p n khng ng tht. Cn nu vn khng quyt nh c, th hy "on" v tip tc qua cu khc. 2. Error identification (Nhn din sai st): Cu hi thng a ra 4 t hay cm t c gch di (underline). Th sinh s nhn din trong s nhng p n a ra, p n no l sai, cn phi vit li cu c hon chnh. Th d: Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di, cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). Helen insisted on having her hair cut, dyed, and on a manicure as well as. A B C D p n ng ca cu ny l D v v tr gia cu, ta dng as well as l chnh xc. Th d: He is a talented musician as well as being a painter (Anh y khng ch l mt ha s m cn l mt nhc s ti ba). Tuy nhin, khi v tr cui cu th ta khng dng as well as m ch l as well; chng hn: She owns a motorcycle and a bicycle as well. tr li cu hi loi ny, ta cn lu : - ng bao gi ch tp trung c nhng t hay cm t c gch di, bi v nhng t hay cm t thng ch sai hoc khng hp l khi t vo ng cnh ca ton cu. - Khng tr li cu hi cho n khi c ton b c cu. Vi cu hi tng i d, th sinh c th tr li ngay tip tc qua cu khc. Nu cha tm c im sai st ngay, hy c li ton cu v ln ny, hy ch n nhng t, cm t c gch di. Thng thng, trong cch c hng ngy, chng ta c thi quen lic nhanh qua cc "tiu t" nh mo t, gii t v nhng t ny khng cha thng tin. Tuy nhin, trong bi thi trc nghim, y l nhng phn c th cha sai st nn ta cn lu .

Nhng cu trc nghim thuc loi nhn din sai st thng thng nht l: verb tense, word choice, word form, use of comparisons... Ghi ch: Trong k thi tt nghip PTTH v tuyn sinh i hc- Cao ng nm 2006, cc thi ting Anh c hng dn, ch thch bng ting Vit. Trong sch ny, chng ti ghi cc hng dn, yu cu lm bi bng ting Anh ging nh cc k thi quc t th sinh vit Nam chng ta lm quen dn, phn gii thch bng Vit ng c t trong ngoc n.

NHNG IM CN LU KHI LM BI THI TRC NGHIM

1. Theo ng hng dn: c k cc hng dn v lm bi thi. 2. c ht ton b tng cu hi v tt c cc chn la ca p n (all the choices) trc khi chn cu tr li. 3. Tr li tt c cc cu. Mi cu u c im, cho nn, b cu no l mt im cu . Vi nhng cu hi m ta khng bit cu tr li chnh xc, th cc bn cng phi nn on (Take a guess if you don't know the answer). Nn nh l cu tr li sai khng nh hng n tng s im t c, v tr li sai khng b im m, khng b tr im (Ngoi tr trng hp bi thi cho bit l b tr im nu tr li sai). 4. nh du cn thn cu tr li trn phiu tr li (Mark the answer care- fully on the answer sheet). Phi nh du cu tr li theo ng hng dn. Thng thng, hin nay, vic nh du cu tr li khng dng gch cho hay nh du, m dng bt ch en t kn trn tng ng vi ch ci chn trn phiu tr li. Cn lu l phi t m v lp kn din tch c . Chng hn (nu ta chn p n C): A o kn mi c chn. 5. tit kim thi gian, cc bn nn tp t th cc trc nh. Thng thng, cc th sinh hay gt sn nhng cy vit ch loi 2B (theo quy nh) nhn hot, nn khi t vo mt nhiu thi gian. Nu ta t trc cho u nhn bt ch hi t t, th khi t trn rt nhanh. Cc bn c th tit kim c vi ba giy hoc thm ch 5, 7 giy cho mt cu, v nh th, c 10 cu ta c th c thm thi gian lm c 1 hay 2 cu na. Nn nh khi i thi, thi gian l ti quan trng. 6. Chn cu tr li tt nht trong cc p n c cu hi a ra. C th bn ngh rng cu tr li ng khng nm trong s nhng p n a ra, nhng bn b gii hn l ch c chn la p n tt nht trong s p n cho m thi. 7. Thng thng, ch chn mt tr li cho mi cu hi. Nu bi en hai tr li cho mt cu hi th cu tr li xem nh sai, ngoi tr trng hp cu hi yu cu bn chn hai p n. 8. Khng nn ph thi gian cho mt cu hi no , hoc cha hiu r, hoc qu kh (tht l v ch khi ph phm thi gian qu bu suy ngh mi v ci m mnh m tt). Nu cha tr li B o C D o

Trong trng hp t nhm hay mun i phng n tr li, th phi ty tht sch c v t

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c ngay th nn b qua lm nhng cu k tip. Sau , nu cn thi gian s lm tr li nhng cu b qua ni trn. Nh ghi s th t ca cu b qua vo giy nhp d nhn din. Hin nay, cc k thi trc nghim ting Anh tt nghip PTTH, tuyn sinh H, C nc ta cng nh cc k thi quc t TOEFL, TOEIC... u khng tr im nu th sinh chn cu sai. V th, trc khi ht gi thi, cc bn cn chn nhanh p n hp l nht cho nhng cu cha tr li. 9. Khi c hiu lnh thu bi, phi ngng lm bi ngay v b bt xung, ch gim th n thu li phiu tr li (cng vi thi theo hng dn ca gim th coi thi). Cng cn lu , trong cc k thi Vit Nam, th sinh thng hay c "lm thm" v gim th li thng hay "chm chc" d c hiu lnh ht gi lm bi. Nn nh l nhng k thi quc t, vic kt thc lm bi rt nghim ngt, khi c hiu lnh ca gim th th ta c th nghe r ting vit ch th ng lot xung mt bn. Nhng ai cn cm cy vit - ch ng ni l cn "rn vit thm" l b gim th lp bin bn ngay, khng mt chm chc g ht. Th sinh chng ta cn ch n k lut phng thi.

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BI 1: SUBJECTVERBAGREEMENT (SPHHPGIACHNGVNGT)
Ch ng v ng t phi ng thun, tng hp nhau, tc ph hp v s (s t v s nhiu trong cu). Nguyn tc cn bn:

Ch ng s t (hoc danh t khng m c) i hi ng t s t. Ch ng s nhiu i hi ng t s nhiu. My brother is a doctor. Em trai ca ti l mt bc s. Her brothers are teachers. Nhng ngi em trai ca c y l gio vin.

Vi nhng cu n gin nh trn, ngi s dng ting Anh rt t khi phm sai lm v subject-verb agreement. Tuy nhin, trong nhng cu phc, nht l trong nhng trng hp c mt mnh , mt nhm t nm gia ch ng v ng t... th lc , ngay chnh ngi bn ng cng phm sai lm nh thng. The danger of eating too many chips do not worry her. (Sai) S nguy him ca vic n qu nhiu khoai ty chin dn chng lm bn tm c y. Ch ng tht ca cu l danger ch khng phi l chips, nn ng t do phi hnh thc s t does. The danger of eating too many chips does not worry her. (ng) Nhng sai lm ny tp trung vo 2 loi: khng tm ra ch ng tht s ca hnh ng v khng nm chc ch ng cho l s t hay s nhiu. Ba bc cn thit trnh tnh trng lng tng khi quyt nh v s ph hp gia ch ng v ng t. Bc 1: Tm ng t chnh. ng cc verbal (nhng t c gc ng t) nh infinitive, gerund v participle chi phi. Bc 2: t cu hi "Ai hoc ci g thc hin hnh ng ?" Cu tr li s l ch ng ca hnh ng. Bc 3: Xem ch ng s t hay s nhiu chia ng t ph hp.

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NHNG QUY LUT V S NG THUN GIA CH NG V NG T: 1. Hai ch ng lin kt vi nhau bng lin t and th cn ng t s nhiu. Lu :

Helen and Dorothy are here. He len v Dorothy y.

Nu hai ch ng tuy ni vi nhau bng and nhng li c xem nh l mt th ng t theo sau vn s t. The president and CEO is Mr. Smith. Ch tch (Hi ng qun tr) kim gim c iu hnh l ng Smith.

Cc t each v every ng trc nhng ch ng s t lin kt vi nhau bng lin t and th ng t vn s t. Each boy and girl in the room gets only one vote. Mi c cu trong phng ny ch c duy nht mt phiu bu. Nearly every teacher and student in this school is opposed to the new rule. Hu nh mi gio vin v sinh vin trng ny u chng li quy nh mi.

2. Khi ch ng l nhng danh t lin kt vi nhau bng lin t or, nor hoc but hay cc cp lin t tng quan nh neither... nor, either... or, not only... but also th ng t phi ng thun vi ch ng no gn nht. Her car or Helens is always available. (1) Xe ca c y hoc xe ca Helen lun lun sn sng. Not only the students but also the professor is going to attend. (2) Khng ch sinh vin m c v gio s cng s tham d. Vi cu c nhiu ch ng nhng u l s t nh th d (1) th khng c vn g, nhng khi gp ch ng s t lin kt vi ch ng s nhiu (hoc ngc li) nh trong th d (2) th ta cn lu . trnh lng tng trong vic dng ng t nh trong trng hp th d (2), khi vit nhng cu c ch ng kp gm c danh t s t v s nhiu, ta nn t ch ng s nhiu nm gn ng t (v dng ng t hnh thc s nhiu). Cu (2) c vit li Not only the professor but also the students are going to attend. Hoc gi, ta c th s dng hnh thc ng t khng thay i vi ngi s ca ch ng: Not only the students but also the professor will attend.

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3. Cn ch n nhng cm t xen vo gia ch ng v ng t nh: as well as, in addition to, together with, along with, accompanied by, including, not to mention... Gp nhng trng hp nh th, ta hy thn trng dng ng t hp vi ch ng ch khng phi l ph hp vi danh t no ng gn ng t. Dorothy, as well as her brothers, intends to spend the summer here. Dorothy, cng nh cc em trai c y, d nh ngh h y. Trong cu ny, Dorothy l ch ng ch khng phi brothers, nn ta dng ng t intend ngi th 3 s t (intends). 4. Vi cc danh t tp hp ng lm ch ng - nh jury, committee, crowd, team, group, majority... - hu ht cc trng hp u dng ng t hnh thc s t khi ta xem danh t nh mt n v (unit). Nhng nu ta dng vi ngha tng thnh vin (member) ring bit hp thnh, th lc , danh t tp hp cn ng t hnh thc s nhiu. Chng hn, khi ta dng danh t family vi ngha tng thnh vin ca gia nh ring bit. The family are arriving for the wedding at different times. (Cc thnh vin) Gia nh n d m ci vo nhng thi im khc nhau. Vi danh t tp hp jury: After deliberating, the jury reports its verdict. The jury have many specialized skills. Sau khi cn nhc k lng, bi thm on tuyn b phn quyt ca mnh. (Cc thnh vin) Bi thm on c nhiu k nng chuyn bit. Trong cu trn, jury c xem l mt tng th duy nht nn ng t theo sau hnh thc s t (reports). Cu di m ch n nhng thnh vin ring bit trong bi thm on nn danh t tp hp l s nhiu v cn ng t hnh thc s nhiu (have). Danh t tp hp number c th i hi ng t s t hoc s nhiu: The number of... th lun lun cn ng t s t; A number of th cn ng t hnh thc s nhiu. The number of employees needing supervision is diminishing. S ngi lm cng cn c gim st ang gim i. A number of people are asking for bonuses. Mt s ngi ang i tin thng.

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Mt s trng hp khng c gii t of theo sau a numberm ng ngha hm mt khi thng nht th ng t s t. A number like twelve billion is hard to comprehend. Mt con s c 12 t th kh m hiu ni. 5. Cc i t bt nh (Indefinite pronouns) kh rc ri. Nhng i t nh: either, neither, each, every, one, cc i t c one, body hoc thing (anyone, no one, someone, anybody, nobody, somebody, anything, everything...) i hi ng t hnh thc s t. One of my closest friends in the class comes from Singapore. Trong lp, mt trong nhng ngi bn thn nht ca ti n t Singapore. Each of us studies hard. Mi mt chng ti u hc hnh chm ch. C khi nhng i t ny kt hp vi nhau cng dng ng t s t. Anybody and everybody is welcome. Mi ngi u c cho n. Lu : Khi each theo sau ch ng, th each khng cn nh hng g n ng t na. Chng hn, nu ch ng l danh t s nhiu theo sau bng i t each, th ng t s nhiu. Big cities each have their own special problems. Mi thnh ph ln u c nhng vn ring bit ca chng. Cc i t both (c hai), few (vi, s t), many (nhiu), others (nhng ci khc) v several (mt s, nhiu) i hi ng t i theo phi hnh thc s nhiu. Both were small. C hai u nh nhoi. Many of her books are in English. Phn ln sch ca c y vit bng ting Anh. Nhng khi many i vi a (thng dng trong vn chng) cng vi ngha nh many, nhng many a dng vi danh t s t v ng t theo sau cng phi s t. Many a student does not work hard. Nhiu sinh vin khng chu kh hc hnh.

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Mt s i t bt nh nh all (ton b, tt c), any (mt s hoc lng khng xc nh, khng mt ai), some (mt vi), none (khng ai, khng vt g)... c th i vi ng t s t hay s nhiu ty thuc vo ng ngha ca danh t m i t thay th. All of the money is reserved for emergencies. Ton b tin bc l d tr cho cc trng hp khn cp. All of the candidates promise to improve the educational system. Ton b cc ng vin u ha ci thin h thng gio dc. Cu trn, i t all m ch n money trong trng hp ny l danh t khng m c, s t, nn ng t be cng s t (is). Cu di, all ng n candidates l danh t s nhiu nn ng t theo sau cng chia hnh thc s nhiu (promise). 6. Hy cn thn vi cc i t lin h who, which v that. Khi c mt trong cc i t ny ng lm ch ng cho mt mnh ph thuc, th ng t trong mnh phi ph hp vi tin t, tc nhng t hay cm t c i t thay th. John is one of the men who drink too much beer. John l mt trong nhng ngi ung qu nhiu bia. John is one man who drinks too much beer. John l mt ngi ung qu nhiu bia. S ng thun gia ch ng v ng t trong cu c i t who, which hoc that d b lm ln khi trong tin t c cm t one of v only one of. Hy xem xt hai cu sau: He is one of those people who are late for everything. Anh ta l mt trong s nhng ngi tr ni vi mi vic. He is the only one of those people who is late for everything. Anh ta l ngi duy nht tr ni vi mi vic. Cu trn ng anh ta l mt trong s nhng ngi tr ni, i t who thay th cho people nhng ngi tr ni - nn ng t to be hnh thc s nhiu (are). Cn cu di, trong s nhng ngi th anh ta l ngi duy nht tr ni. i t who thay cho one kt hp vi only khin ng t trong mnh ph phi hnh thc s t (is). 7. Cn thn vi nhng danh t c hnh thc s nhiu nhng ng ngha li s t. l nhng danh t khng m c tn cng bng -ics hoc -s nh news (tin tc) v cc danh t thng gp

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trong cc lnh vc sau:

Cc mn hc v cc hot ng: athletics (in kinh), economics (kinh t hc), linguistics (ngn ng hc), mathematics (ton hc), politics (chnh tr hc)... Cc mn chi, tr chi: billiards (bi-da), checkers (c am), darts (tr chi phng lao trong nh), domnoes (tr chi -mi-n)... Tn mt s bnh: diabetes (bnh tiu ng), measles (bnh si), mumps (bnh quai b), rabies (bnh di), shingles (bnh zona, bnh l mnh), rickets (bnh ci xng)... Mathematics is too dificult for them. Ton hc qu kh i vi h. Measles still strikes many Americans. Bnh si vn cn ging xung nhiu ngi M.

Cc danh t ch mn hc tn cng bng -ics dng vi ng t s t, nhng khi nhng t c dng vi nhng ngha khc th c th i hi ng t s nhiu. Statistics is an interesting subject. Thng k l mt mn hc th v. Statistics are often misleading. S liu thng k thng hay sai lc. Cu di, statistics hm ngha: cc thng k, s liu thng k l danh t s nhiu. 8. Mt s t nh pants (qun di M, qun lt Anh), trousers (qun), pliers (ci km), scissors (ci ko), shears (ci ko ln - ct lng cu, ta hng giu) v tongs (ci kp) l danh t s nhiu v cn ng t s nhiu i cng. Tuy nhin, khi c t pair (of) i trc cc danh t ny v ng lm ch ng th ng t theo sau l s t. The scissors are very sharp. Ci ko rt sc. A pair of scissors was left on the table. Ci ko c li trn bn. 9. Khi ch ng l ta sch, tn cc tc phm ngh thut, kch bn... th ng t s t cho d ta c hnh thc s nhiu. Sons and Lovers was one of the strangest books I have ever read.

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Sons and Lovers l mt trong nhng cun sch k l nht m ti tng c. 10. Tn ca cc n v, t chc... l cc danh t tp hp th i hi ng t s t. Marshall, Smith, and Williams is a law firm in Colorado. Marshall, Smith, and Williams l mt cng ty (hoc t hp) lut Colorado.

11. Nn nh rng, there v here khng bao gi ng vai ch ng ca mt cu. Nu mt cu bt u bng there hoc here th ch ng thng nm pha sau ng t. Here are the pictures of our wedding. y l nhng bc nh m ci ca chng ti. There is only one desk in the classroom. Ch c duy nht mt ci bn trong lp. cu trn, ch ng khng phi l here m l pictures nn ng t phi s nhiu (are). Cu di, ch ng l desk nn ng t s t (is). Nhng cu bt u vi i t nhn xng It lm ch ng th ng t theo sau lun s t. It was Dorothy and Helen who came to see us yesterday while we were away. l Dorothy v Heen n thm chng ti hm qua khi chng ti i vng. 12. Mc d hu ht cc ch ng s nhiu u c ng t i theo hnh thc s nhiu, nhng vi nhng danh t ni v s lng tin bc, thi gian, khong cch... th li i vi ng t s t. Lc , khi lng (tin bc, thi gian...) c xem l mt n v. Eleven hundred dollars a year was the per capita income in Japan in 1960. Mi mt -la mt nm l thu nhp bnh qun u ngi Nht Bn nm 1960. Twenty miles is the length of the race. 20 dm l chiu di ca cuc ua. Nhng khi ngi vit c nhn mnh n tng n v ca khi lng s nhiu , th phi dng ng t s nhiu. The fourteen dollars were dropped in to the till one by one. Bn mi -la c th vo ngn ng tin tng ng mt. 13. Vic nhn din cho ng ch ng rt quan trng quyt nh s dng ng t hnh thc s t hay s nhiu. Khi ch ng l mt phn s (fraction) hoc phn trm (percent), hay cc t

18

nh: half, part, plenty v rest, th s ca ng t ty thuc vo danh t lm b ng cho gii t i theo phn s hoc phn trm hay cc t . Hy xem cc th d sau: Sixty percent of his house is painted blue. 60% cn nh ca anh y c sn mu xanh. - More than thirty percent of the houses on this street are for sale. Hn 30% nhng cn nh trn ph ny ang cho bn. - Half (of) her relatives live abroad. Mt na thn nhn ca c y sng hi ngoi. 14. Khi din gii cc bi ton n gin - cng, tr, nhn, chia - ta cn lu : Khi cng hay nhn, ta c th dng ng t s t hay s nhiu u c. Two and two is four. Hoc: Two and two are four. 2 cng 2 l 4. Twelve times three is thirty-six. Hoc: Twelve times three are thirty-six. 12 nhn 3 l 36. Nhng vi tr v chia, th lun lun dng ng t s t. Nine minus four is five. Hoc: Nine minus four leaves five. 9 tr 4 cn 5. Fourteen divided by two is seven. 14 chia 2 cn 7.

19

BI TP 1
Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 1. Although women in this century faces less discrimination than ever before, they still A encounter many obstacles that men do not. B C D 2. Everyone have to plan a program that fts into the days schedule and that allows for good A B C exercise and appropriate rest. D 3. John is the only one of the hikers who have climbed above fifteen thousand feet. A B C D 4. The chief executive of the United States and the commander in chief of its armed forces are A B C D the president. 5. Cuent research on AIDS, in spite of the best efforts of hundreds of scientists, leave serious A B C questions unanswered. D 6. Neither apple pie nor her faded cat posters nor her neglected guppy collection hold the A B C slightest interest for Dorothy any more. D 7. Along with tactics, strategy, and intelligence, logistics are one of the four main elements of A B C D military Science. 8. A typical annual flowering plant, the common poppy flower, produces seeds, and dies in a A B C D

20

single season. 9. Today, many scientists disagree over whether the chimpanzee or the bonobo are more human A B C in its behaviour. D 10. Whenever there are red, orange, or brown coloring in sandstone, iron ore is probably present. A B C D Choose the incorrect sentence in which the verb disagrees with the subject (Hy chn cu sai, trong ng t khng ng thun vi ch ng). 11. A. The invoice and the purchase order have to be approved by the director. B. A sandwich and a milk shake were all he wanted for breakfast. C. Faith, hope and charity represent virtues to most of us. D. Ham and eggs are one of her favourite dishes. 12. A. Neither has brought the music for the duet. B. Where has everybody gone? C. Every city, town, and hamlet has a Main Street. D. Every boy and girl in the class do volunteer work. 13. A. Recent statistics shows an increase in the birthrate during the past ten years. B. Politics has been defined as the art of the possible. C. Mathematics is too difficult for them. D. German measles is a disease of short duration. 14. A. Thirty pounds is a lot to lose in one month. B. Nine miles were the length of the race. C. Five hours of waiting has reduced the kidnapper to a bundle of nerves. D. Four thousand dollars is the minimum bid for the foreclosed property. 15. A. Here are the subjects the president will discuss. B. There are still several oranges in the basket.

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C. Here come trouble. D. Theres no table or chairs to be found anywhere. 16. A. Among her most valued possessions were a locket and a bracelet. B. Visible alongside thousands of Colorado roadways are evidence of widespread littering. C. On the top of the hill are four tractors. D. Walking purposefully up to the house were the trainer ind his assistants. 17. A. Most of the problems have been solved. B. All is ready. C. All was concerned. D. Several have been spotted at the water hole. 18. A. Not only the students but also the teacher have signed the petition. B. Not a new machine but new workers are needed for the job. C. Not only the Arab states but also Venezuela has major oil reserves. D. Not only strength but agility is essential in bicyding. 19. A. Both of the players were late. B. Many books on the best-seller list have little literary value. C. Many a prisoner have tried to escape. D. Few of the contestants are here yet.

20. A. Either this book or that one contains the information. B. Neither the governor nor his top aides were implicated in the scandal. C. The records or the stereo has to go. D. Neither my roommate nor my sisters plans to vote. 21. A. Each of the guests has been assigned a parking space. B. The Brown brothers each has a new car.

22

C. They each have their own reasons for protesting. D. Each of the invoices and purchase orders has to be approved. 22. A. John is one of the chemists who believe that science is an art. B. He is the only one of four candidates who refuse to attend the course. C. David is one of the employees who always work overtime. D. His grandfather is the only one of his relatives who still goes to church. 23. A. A circus, with its animals, jugglers, and clowns, appeal to many people. B. The Prime Minister, along with many MPs, opposes the bill. C. The warden, as well as five of the guards, has been indicted. D. The highway that runs through these isolated mountain towns is steep and narrow. 24. A. Half of the rent is missing. B. Two-thirds of her house have been painted. C. Forty percent is a big commission. D. Half of the apartments in the building are without heat. 25. A. The faculty have been assigned to various committees. B. The team wearing white and blue controls the ball. C. The jury were polled on the split verdict. D. The committee has not agreed on many points. Choose the word, phrase, or clause (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t, cm t hoc mnh [ A, B, c hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 26. Plants and animals in high mountain areas ________ with freezing temperatures, fierce winds, and thin air. A. live C. living B. they must live D. if they live

27. Toms family ________ wondering whether there ________ anything that they can do.

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A. are/are C. are/is

B. is/is D. is/are

28. The couple ________ in Denver but ________ to Houston for the winter. A. lives/go C. live/go B. lives/goes D. live/goes

29. The committee ________ adamant that ________ recommendations be adopted. A. is/their C. is/its B. are/their D. are/its

30. Each nation ________ its own culture, and our nation has ________ own culture, too. A. has/its C. have/it B. have/our D. has/their

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P N 1
1. 2. 3. A. Ch ng ca mnh ph vi although l danh t s nhiu women - ch khng phi century - nn ng t phi hnh thc s nhiu (face). A. i t bt nh everyone i hi ng t s t (has). C. Trong s nhng ngi i b vit d th ch mt mnh John vt qua 15.000 feet. i t who thay cho one kt hp vi only khin ng t trong mnh ph phi hnh thc s t (has). 4. D. Hoa K, ngi ng u hnh php ng thi l tng t lnh qun i. chnh l tng thng. Trong cu ny, lin t and kt hp 2 danh t lm ch ng nhng v ch mt ngi nn ng t phi s t (is). 5. 6. 7. C. Ch ng tht s ca cu l research nn ng t s t (leaves). C. ng t phi ng thun vi ch ng gn nht, y l collection nn phi l s t (holds). C. Mc d danh t logistics tn cng bng s nhng l danh t s t (cng ging nh tn cc ngnh, lnh vc nghin cu nh economics, physics, mathematics...) nn ng t to be phi l is. 8. C. T flower d b nhm ln trong cu ny. iu quan trng l phi nhn ra flower y l ng t (vi ngha: ra hoa, n hoa), v l ng t th flower phi hnh thc s t (flowers) ph hp vi ch ng s t poppy. Nh vy, ch ng poppy c 3 ng t song hnh: flowers, produces v dies. 9. B. Ch ng gn l bonobo nn ng t s t (is). 10. B. There is thay cho there are ph hp vi ch ng s t l coloring. 11. D. Ham and eggs trong ngha cu ny m ch mt khi duy nht, l mt a, nn ng t phi s t (is). 12. D . 13. A. A sai v statistics dng vi ngha: thng k, s liu thu thp, nn l danh t s nhiu v ta phi dng ng t s nhiu (show). ng t theo sau statistics s l s t nu ta dng statistics vi ngha: khoa hc thng k, mn thng k. 14. B. B sai v Nine miles c xem l mt n v nn ng t theo sau phi hnh thc s t
25

(was). 15. C. C sai v ch ng l trouble nn ng t phi l s t (comes). 16. B. B sai v ch ng thc s ca cu l evidence" nn ng t phi l is. 17. C. All trong cu ny c ngha all the people nn cn ng t s nhiu (All the people were concerned). Cn trong cu B, all hm ngha everything nn phi cn ng t s t (is). 18. A. p dng lut tip cn: Khi ch ng l nhng danh t lin kt vi nhau bng cp lin t tng quan not only... but... th ng t phi ng thun vi ch ng no gn nht. y l teacher nn ng t phi s t (has). 19. C. C sai v many a dng vi danh t s t v ng t theo sau cng s t (has). 20. D. p dng lut tip cn. Ch ng gn l sisters nn ng t phi s nhiu (plan). 21. B. Khi each ng sau ch ng th n khng cn nh hng n ng t na. Ch ng y l danh t s nhiu (brothers) nn ng t phi s nhiu (have). 22. B. i t who thay cho one kt hp vi only nn ng t phi hnh thc s t (refuses). Cu ny ng l trong s 4 ng vin, ch c duy nht mt mnh ng ta l khng d kha hc. 23. A. Ch ng ca cu l circus - ch khng phi l cm t thm vo with its animals, jugglers, and clowns - nn ng t s t (appeals). B. Khi ch ng l mt s phn trm (percent), th s ca ng t ty thuc vo danh t lm b ng cho gii t i theo s phn trm . y danh t house (lm b ng cho gii t of) s t nn ng t cng phi s t (has). 24. D. Danh t tp hp committee trong cu ny m ch n tng thnh vin ca hi ng nn ta phi dng ng t s nhiu (have). 25. A. Chn A v cu ny i hi mt ng t chnh cho ch ng s nhiu Plants and animals v live p ng yu cu . C khng p ng v living khng th l ng t chnh. B th must live p ng yu cu nhng li d ra mt ch ng l they. D li cng khng c. 26. B. Family y hm c gia nh (mt khi) nn dng ng t s t. Ch ng ca ng t theo sau l anything nn cng s t. 27. C. 28. C. 29. A. 30. A.

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BI 2: PARALLELISM (LUTSONGHNHHAYCUTRCSONGHNH)
Parallelism - tm dch l lut song hnh, hay cn gi l ngh thut cu trc song song (the art of parallel structure) trong cu trc cu - c ngha l nhng phn tng t trong mt cu phi c cng mt cu trc, tc chng ta phi s dng nhng cu trc tng t din t nhng tng tng t. Parallelism gip cho bi vit mt m, d c v nht l trnh c s hiu lm. Khi vit mt cu vn, nu ta khng gi cho cu trc c song hnh, tng ng nhau th d gy hiu lm cho ngi c. NHNG TRNG HP PHI DNG LUT SONG HNH: 1. Khi mt chui t gm hai t hay cm t tr ln, th mi thnh phn trong chui t phi c cu trc ng php ging nhau. Dng danh t th phi dng ht thy l danh t, ng t vi ng t, nhm t vi nhm t tng ng ... (trong nhng th d di y, nhng phn cn phi c cu trc song hnh c in m). My son says his new English teacher is modest, generosity, and sociable. (Khng song hnh) My son says his new English teacher is modest, generous, and sociable. (Song hnh) Con trai ti ni rng gio vin ting Anh mi ca n l ngi khim tn, rng lng v d chan ha. Trong cu trn, khi lit k cc c tnh ca mt ngi, nu ta dng tnh t th phi dng ht thy u l tnh t (cu c cha generosity sai v t ny l danh t, khng song hnh vi cc tnh t modest v sociable nn ta phi sa li l generous). David likes running, to play football, skiing, and to take pictures. (Khng song hnh) Vi cu ny, khi lit k 4 s thch ca David, ngi vit dng 2 danh ng t (gerund) l running v skiing i vi 2 ng t nguyn mu c to l to playfootball v to take pictures, nh th l khng song hnh. Ta phi sa li l: Hoc: David likes to run, ski, play football, and take pictures. (Song hnh) David likes running, skiing, playing football, and taking pictures.

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David thch chy, trt tuyt, chi bng v chp nh. In her birthday party, we ate, danced, and were singing. (Khng song hnh) In her birthday party, we ate, danced, and sang. (Song hnh) Trong tic sinh nht ca c y, chng ti n ung, nhy nht v ca ht. Vi cu trn, chng ta phi s dng cng mt th (tense) cho tt c cc ng t c lit k ra. 2. Cu trc song hnh rt thng dng khi dng din t hai tng v c bit thch hp khi l nhng tng so snh hoc tng phn. The branch office in Denver was better equipped than Houston. (Khng song hnh) The branch office in Denver was better equipped than the one in Houston. (Song hnh). Vn phng chi nhnh Denver c trang b tt hn chi nhnh Houston. Napoleon was short, and one eye was all that Nelson had. (Khng song hnh) Napoleon was short, and Nelson was one-eyed. (Song hnh). Napoleon th ln cn Nelson (l ngi) c mt mt. 3. S dng cu trc song hnh trong nhng cu c cc cp lin t tng quan: either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also... Helen wanted not only to graduate from college but also money. (Khng song hnh) Helen wanted not only to graduate from college but also to make more money. (Song hnh) Helen khng ch mun tt nghip i hc m cn mun lm nhiu tin hn.

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LU : Khi dng cc cu trc song hnh, cn thn trng khng lc b nhng t cn thit nh: gii t, i t lin h... We considered moving to a small town in the Northwest or a suburb of Denver. (Khng song hnh) We considered moving to a small town in the Northwest or to a suburb of Denver. (Song hnh) Chng ti tnh dn nh n mt th trn nh ti vng Ty bc hoc n ngoi Denver. Nhng nu trong mt chui 3 cm t trln, chng ta c th lc b gii t hoc mo t sau khi a ra lit k th nht. Nh l b t lit k th hai tr i th b ht, ch khng a li vo lit k sau cng. On his first visit to New York he was delighted with the sound of people speaking English, with the grandeur of the architecture being built in the center of the city, and with the delicious feeling of a person being away from home. (Song hnh) Khi ving thm New York ln u, anh y thch th vi ging ni ting Anh ca dn chng, vi v trng l ca cc cu trc trung tm thnh ph, v vi cm gic khoan khoi ca mt k xa nh. On first visit to New York he was delighted with the sound of people speaking English, the grandeur of the architecture being built in the center of the city, and the delicious feeling of a person being away from home. (Song hnh) On his first visit to New York he was delighted with the sound of people speaking English, the grandeur of the architecture being built in the center of the city, and with the delicious feeling of a person being away from home. (Khng song hnh)

29

Quy tc: Nhng cu, hoc nhng phn ca cc cu, vn c tng lin kt vi nhau, cn phi c din t bng hnh thc ng php ging nhau. Nhng bc tin hnh: Bc 1: Nhn ton b c cu ri t cu hi: Cu ny c cha lit k nhng tng tng t nhau khng? Bc2: Nu c, hy quan st tng thnh phn ca lit k, xem c phn no khc bit vi cc phn cn li khng. Nu khng, cu hon chnh. Nu c, cn sa li theo lut cu trc song hnh. NHNG PHN CA CU C TH S DNG LUT SONG HNH C cu (entire sentence) Mt phn ca cu (sentence part) Phn ph (subordinate addition) Phn nh hn trong phn ph (subpart of subordinate addition)

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BI TP 2
Choose the correct sentence (Hy chn cu ng). 1. A. Employees say the new chief of accountant is honest, force, and sociable. B. Employees say the new chiet of accountant is honest, forceful, and sociable. C. Employees say the new chief of accountant is honesty, forceful, and social. D. Employees say the new chief of accountant is honesty, forceless, and sociably. 2. A. He likes skiing, running, hiking, and taking pictures. B. He likes to ski, run, hike, and take pictres. C. He likes skiing, running, hiking, and to take pictures. D. A and B 3. A. Electricity is used to light, heat, and cool buildings. B. Electricity is used to light, heat, and coolant buildings. C. Electricity is used to light, hot, and cool buildings. D. Electricity is used to light, hot, and coolant buildings. 4. A. They can enjoy walks through our grounds, a swim in our pool, and eating in our restaurant. B. They can eroy walking through our grounds, swimming in our pool, and eating in our restaurant. C. They can enjoy a walk through the grounds, a swim in the pool, and a meal in the restaurant. D. B and c 5. A. He needs to do the homework, write a letter, and his father wants him to mail a package. B. He needs to do the homework, write a letter, and mail a package. C. He needs to do the homework, writing a letter, and mailing a package. D. He needs to do the homework, write a letter, and his father wants him to mail a package.

31

Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 6. The historic Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination against minorities in voting, A B education, employ, and public facilities like buses and theaters. C C 7. Coral will only grow where the water is clear, warmth, and shallow. A B C D 8. The role of blood is to take oxygen to the cells, to remove waste products, kill harmful A B microbes, and carry hormonal messages to and from the cells. C D 9. Herman Meivilles novel Moby Dick describes the dangers, difficult, and often violent life A B C aboard a whaling ship. D 10. F. Scott Fitzgerakrs novel The Great Gatsby is about the pursuit of wealthy, status, and love A B C D in the 1920s. 11. Metals can be beaten into thin sheets, melted and poured into molds, or drawing into fine A B C D wire. 12. Courses are offered in fall, spring and in summer. A B C D 13. A migraine is an intense headache characterized by pulsing pain, nausea, dizziness, A double vision, and by being sensitive to light and sound. B C D 14. What people who suffer from chronic medical probiems need most from family, friends, and A those they work with are compassion and support. B C D

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15. He told her to get to the hotel by eight oclock, check with the concierge for messages, A B leave her luggage at the front desk, and waiting for him in the lobby. C D Choose the word, phrase, or clause (A, B, C, or D) that best fts the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t, cm t hoc mnh [ A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 16. Denver is the financial, commercial, and ______ of Colorado. A. center of administering C. administrative center B. center D. capital

17. Most species of animals that live in caves cannot see, so they must rely on heightened senses of______ smell, and touch. A. hear C. hearing B. to hear D. heard

18. As coal mines became deeper, the problems of draining water, bringing in fresh air, and______ to the surface increased. A. ore was transported C. how ore was transported B. to transport ore D. transporting ore

19. Desert plants have deep roots, tough skins, small leaves or spines, and ______. A. ways special for water storing. B. special ways of storing water. C. storing water in special ways. D. store water in special ways. 20. Successful farmers today must be experts in not only agriculture but also ______, finance, and accounting. A. in market B. market

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C. marketing

D. to market

21. Cheddar cheese, which is hard and ______, can vary in colour from white to deep yellow and in flavour from mild to sharp. A. smoothly texturing C. smooth-textured B. with a smooth texture D. smooth-texture

22. A movie producer is responsible not only for hiring artists and technicians to work for the film but also ______ to finance the movie. A. for raising funds C. the source of funds B. to raise funds D. where the funds come from

23. She became the first woman to enter, graduate from, and ______ at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A. teach C. who taught ______ with other botanists. A. exchanging correspondence B. her exchange of correspondence C. correspondence exchanging D. correspondence was exchanging 25. His responsibilities were to manage the PR department and ______ trade shows. A. attending C. attendance 26. She spent most of her time talking, ______ A. shouting, and apologizing. B. shouting, and to apologize. C. to shout, and to apologize. B. to attend D. attended B. a teacher D. to teach

24. Part of Jane Coldens work involved collecting plant specimens, cataloging plants, and

34

D. to shout, and apologizing. 27. This is the story that David wrote, ______ A. that I like, and was reviewed by Dorothy. B. I like, and was reviewed by Dorothy. C. that I like, and that Dorothy reviewed. D. that I like, and Dorothy reviewed. 28. The duties of the job included baby-sitting, ______ A. house-cleaning, and to prepare the meals. B. house-cleaning, and the preparation of the meals. C. to clean the house, and to prepare the meals. D. house-cleaning, and preparing the meals. 29. Too many students come to college ______, or to put off having to go to work. A. to have fun, inding a wife or husband B. to have fun, to fnd a wife or husband C. having fun, finding a wife or husband D. having fun, to fnd a wife or husband

30. She can never find her notebook, ______ A. her calculator, pen, and her watch. B. calculator, her pen, and her watch. C. her calculator, her pen, and her watch. D. calculator, pea, and her watch.

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P N 2
1. B. ng v c cu trc song hnh: c ba t honest, forceful v sociable u l tnh t. 2. D. C A ln B u ng v s dng lut song hnh: dng danh ng t hoc ng t nguyn mu th dng cho ht thy cc thnh phn. 3. No table of contents entries found. 4. C. tng xng vi cc danh t hoc t tng ng danh t, ta phi dng danh t employment thay v ng t employ v tr ny. 5. D. Lut song hnh i hi v tr ny mt tnh t, l warm, ch khng phi danh t warmth. Ring coral c dng y m khng c mt mo t no ng trc v n l t khng m c. 6. A. Lut song hnh i hi c 4 ng t: take, remove, kill v carry u c to ht. Tuy nhin, to ca cc ng t nguyn mu thng khng lp li, nn y ch c to take, cn remove khng cn to song hnh vi cc ng t cn li l kill v carry. 7. B. Phi dng tnh t dangerous (thay v danh t dangers) ph hp vi cc tnh t difficult v violent. 8. C. Lut song hnh i hi phi dng danh t wealth thay cho tnh t wealthy. 9. D. Lut song hnh buc ta phi dng phn t qu kh drawn (thay cho drawing) ph hp vi beaten, melted v poured. 10. C. ph hp vi in fall v in summer ta phi dng thm gii t in trc spring: Courses are offered in fall, in spring, and in summer. Hoc ta cng c th ch dng gii t in cho fall v lc b in vi spring v summer: Courses are offered in fall, spring, and summer. 11. C. Phi thay by being sensitive bng danh t sensitiveness ph hp vi cc danh t pha trc. 12. B. Thay those they work with bng danh t co-workers hp vi family v friends. 13. D 14. C 15. C. ph hp vi lut song hnh, ta phi dng mt danh t v tr ny. Hnh thc danh t ca ng t hear l hearing (ch khng phi hear) tng xng vi smell v touch c dng trong cu nh nhng danh t. Lm ln d xy ra y khi ta thy hear tng t nh smell v touch, nhng smell v touch y l nhng danh t.
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16. D. ph hp vi draining v bringing nn hnh thc -ing ca transport l cn thit. 17. B. Theo lut song hnh, ta cn mt cm danh t y v B tha mn vi trt t t thch hp. A sai trt t t: danh t ways ng trc tnh t special v cm t water storing phi l water storage hoc storing water. 18. C. Chn marketing ph hp vi agriculture, finance v accounting, tc cc lnh vc nghin cu hoc lm vic. 19. C. Ta phi chn mt tnh t hoc mt tnh t kp tng ng vi tnh t hard. Do vy, chn C l ng. 20. A. Cu trc song hnh l for + gerund phrase. 21. A. Hp vi enter v graduat 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C

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BI 3: PRONOUNANTECEDENTAGREEMENT (SPHHPGIAITVTINT)
Nh ta bit, i t l t thay th cho danh t hay cm danh t trong cu trnh s lp li danh t mt cch vng v. Ngi ta gi nhng t hay cm t c i t thay th l cc tin t (antecedents), tc l nhng t ng trc (Antecedent bt ngun t 2 t ghp La-tinh vi ngha going before). Cc ti liu ng php ting Anh u c bit nhn mnh n s ph hp gia i t vi tin t. I loaned David my textbook so that he could copy the homework exercises from it. Ti cho David mn sch gio khoa anh y chp bi tp nh t trong sch. Trong cu trn, danh t ring David l tin t ca i t he. Danh t textbook l tin t ca i t it. Quy tc: i t phi ph hp vi tin t v ngi, s v ging. i t s t i vi tin t s t. i t s nhiu i vi tin t s nhiu. Trong nhng th d di y, cc tin t c gch di (underline), cc i t c in m (bold). 1. ng thun v s (agreement in number): Nhn tng th, s ng thun v s (s t hay s nhiu) gia i t v tin t cng ging nh cc quy lut ng thun gia ch ng v ng t m chng ta cp trong bi Subject-verb agreement. C th: Trong trng hp c tin t ghp (compound antecedent) kt hp vi nhau bng lin t and th i t thay th phi s nhiu. Dorothy and Helen were distinguished dancers; they were Americans. Dorothy v Helen l nhng v cng lng danh. H l ngi M. Nu tin t ghp l nhng t s t kt hp vi nhau bng lin t or hoc nor th i t hnh thc s t. James or Michael will tell me how much he weighs. James hoc Michael s ni cho ti bit cu ta cn nng bao nhiu. Nu tin t ghp l nhng t s nhiu kt hp vi nhau bng lin t or hoc nor th i t nhn xng hnh thc s nhiu.

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Neither the tables nor the chairs could be repaired, so they were thrown out. Khng c ci bn hoc gh no c th sa cha c nn vt chng i.

Nhng nu cc tin t kt hp vi nhau bng or hoc nor li khc nhau v s hay ging, th lut tip cn c p dng: i t hp vi tin t no gn nht. 2. ng thun v ging (agreement in gender) v ngi (agreement in person): S ng thun v ging v ngi tng i n gin v t mc phi sai lm: Cc tin t ging c th ta dng i t he, his, him; tin t ging ci th ta dng i t she, hers, her; tin t trung tnh ta dng i t it. Ngi th nht ta dng cc i t I, we, me. us, mine, ours; ngi th hai you, yours; ngi th ba she, he, it, one, they, him, her, them, hers, its, theirs. My mother sent me a letter, but it never arrived. M ti gi cho ti mt bc th nhng th khng n. Nhng cng cn ch nhng sai st nh: Neither of her brothers is likely to do well for themselves. (Sai) Neither i hi mt i t s t thay th, trong khi brothers hm ngha tin t l ging c, nn ta phi dng himself thay cho themselves. Lu : Mt s sch ng php ca ngi Anh v ngi M xp loi cc t my, your, her, our v their l i t s hu (cng vi mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs). Mt s sch khc xem nhng t ny l tnh t s hu hoc t hn nh s hu (possessive determiners). y, chng ti xem cc t ny l tnh t s hu cn c trn chc nng hn nh danh t ca chng (ring his v its c cng hnh thc khi l tnh t s hu hay i t s hu). David gave his report to the teacher. David trao tng trnh ca anh cho gio vin. His y lm nhim v hn nh danh t report (Tng trnh ca ai? Ca anh y) nn chng ti xem his l tnh t s hu, trong khi mt s sch ca ngi Anh hay M th li cho his y l i t s hu. Neither of her brothers is likely to do well for himself. (ng) Khng ai trong hai ngi em trai ca c y c th lm tt cho mnh c.

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NHNG SAI ST V TIN T CN LU : 1. Thay i ngi (person) hoc ging (gender) ca i t mt cch ty tin. David is studying English, a course you need in order to prepare for graduate school. (Sai) i t nhn xng you y chng n nhp g vi tin t David ht. Ta phi sa li: David is studying English, a course he needs in order to prepare for graduate school. David ang hc Anh ng, mt kha hc m anh y cn chun b cho bc cao hc. 2. Tin t khng r rng: Mt i t nhn xng ch nn thay th cho mt tin t duy nht v r rng. Nu mt i t c th hm n 2 tin t tr ln th cu vn cn vit li. Thnh thong, ngi c khng th bit c mt trong s 2 hay nhiu danh t trong cu, danh t no l tin t ca i t, chng hn nh cu di y: David gave John the news right after he arrived. David bo thng tin cho John ngay khi anh y n. Anh no n? c hai u l nam, vy i t he thay th cho tin t no: David hay John? Ch c cch l thay th i t bng chnh danh t mi lm r ngha ca cu. He phi c thay bng danh t ring David hoc John: David gave John the news right after David (hoc John) arrived. Tin t khng r rng cng xy ra trong trng hp c nhiu t xen vo gia i t v danh t nh trong cu di y: David gave John a lift to the Festival so that he could talk to him. David cho John i nh xe n l hi anh y c th ni chuyn vi anh y.

u l tin t ca he v him? C hai i t ny u c th m ch n mt trong hai ngi l David v John. Vy cho cu c r rng, chng ta cn phi vit li theo mt trong hai cch sau: David gave John a lift to the Festival because David wanted to talk to him. David gave John a lift to the Festival so that the two of them could talk.

Cu trn, ta dng David thay cho i t he, nn i t cn li l him ch c th m ch n John m thi. Cu di, i t them m ch lun c hai ngi.

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3. Khi i t t qu xa tin t: Vn tin t khng r rng cn xy ra khi v tri ca i t trong cu t nm qu xa so vi danh t m n thay th. Mark Twain was a famous American writer and composed many of his works here, who liked to tell funny stories. Mark Twain l mt nh vn M ni ting v tng sng tc nhiu tc phm ca ng y, l ngi thch k chuyn vui. Cu vn tr nn kh c khi c qu nhiu t nm gia i t who v tin t Mark Twain. Ta cn vit li theo kiu mnh lin h khng xc nh (non-defning relative clause) v t i t nm ngay sau danh t m n thay th. - Mark Twain, who liked to tell funny stories, was a famous American writer and composed many of his works here. 4. S dng i t mt cch ty tin: Chng hn nh i t they trong cu di y khng h c tin t. - William quit his job at the law firm because they constantly criticized him. Ai ch trch William? Hng lut chng? Thnh ra, ta phi vit li: William quit his job at the law firm because his co-workers constantly criticized him. William b vic hng lut v cc ng s ch trch anh lin min. C nhng trng hp ngi vit s dng i t mt cch rt ngu nhin v "giao ph" cho ngi c mun on sao th on. If they decided this plan last week, I would buy more company stocks. Nu h quyt nh k hoch ny trong tun trc, ti mua thm c phiu cng ty. i t they kh m h v n ch ton b cng ty, trong khi vic quyt nh k hoch l thm quyn ca mt b phn nh, nh trong trng hp ny l hi ng qun tr hoc ban gim c chng hn. Cu trn cn sa li: If the board of directors decided this plan last week, I would buy more company stocks. Nu hi ng qun tr quyt nh k hoch ny trong tun trc, ti mua thm c phiu cng ty.

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5. Tin t phi l mt t, cm t - tc mt khi - ch khng phi l mt thnh phn. Chng hn nh trong cu di y: David waited at the train station until it came. Nh ga xe la chy n sao? y, danh t train ng vai tnh t v l mt thnh phn trong cm danh t the train station. The train station l tin t ch khng phi train, nn ta phi vit li: David waited at the station for the train until it came. David ch tu la nh ga cho n khi tu ti.

Nh th, train mi l tin t ca i t it. 6. Thay th mt tin t hp l: Thnh thong, mt i t xut hin xem c v hp vi tin t trong cu. Tuy nhin, nu nhn k li th s thy, khng c mt danh t no m i t m ch n mt cch hp l. Trong trng hp , ta phi cung cp tin t hoc phi thay th i t. David is interested in astronomy, but he doesnt want to become one. David quan tm n thin vn hc nhng anh ta khng mun tr thnh...

R rng, ca ngi vit mun dng tin t ca i t one l David doesnt want to become an astronomer (David khng mun tr thnh mt nh thin vn). Trong m thoi hng ngy th ngi ta cng hiu v d dng b qua, nhng trong vn vit, vic dng i t one nh th l sai. Chng ta phi thay one bng danh t astronomer. David is interested in astronomy, but he doesnt want to become an astronomer.

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BI TP 3
Choose the word, phrase, or clause (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t, cm t hoc mnh [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 1. I told John and David that ___________ should be here by noon. A. they C. their B. them D. he

2. My parents gave William and ___________ a surprise party. A. he C. me B. they D. I

3. His college just announced that ___________ will raise tuition next year. A. they C. it B. them D. he

4. Several other letter-writers said that ___________ had no idea how to come up with the extra money. A. he or her C. them B. him or her D. they

5. Dorothy sealed the letter; then she tore ___________ open again. A. her C. it B. him D. them

6. A waterspout is a tomado ___________ over an ocean or large lake. A. occurs C. that occurs B. it occurs D. that it occurs

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7. The best way for children to leam physics is for them to perform experiments ___________ A. himself C. itself B. herself D. themselves

8. I saw the ad in the newspaper, but now ___________ A. I cant find it. B. I cant find them. C. I cant nd their. D. I cant find the newspaper with the ad. 9. The dog suddenly came upon the cat, ___________ A. which let out a low snarl. B. and let out a low snarl. C. and it let out a low snarl. D. A or B. 10. She was a sculptor ___________ works typicaly consisted of large wooden box-like structures situated in complex arrangements. A. whose C. of her B. of whom D. her

11. Manned flights to Jupiter will not be planned until 2010 ___________ that is yet to be developed. A. because it requires costly technology B. because of they require costly technology C. because they require costly technology D. because of it requires costly technology 12. ___________ almost always find someone who speaks English or French. A. When visiting a foreign country, you can B. When one is visiting a foreign country, you can

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C. During ones visit to a foreign country, you may D. While one is on a visit to a foreign country, you can Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [ A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 13. The news stunned people over the country. David said that they was the first good news in a A B C D long time. 14. After the storm, every tree and bush looked as if they had been coated with glass. A B C D 15. David was very angry with John, but no one knew what he had said. A B C D 16. Folk music of many countries often uses a scale which is called pentatonic because they A B C D comprise of only five notes. 17. When babies are around 15 months old, they can pick up objects and put themselves into A B C D small containers. 18. Both my parents work hard at their jobs, but neither of they can afford to pay so much money A B C D for my education. 19. Luckily, however, the jewelry company where I worked part-time last summer promised that A they would give me more hours this summer. B C D 20. Costume jewelry is made of plastic, wood, or inexpensive metal, and they may be set with A B C semiprecious or imitation stones. D 21. My family does all they can to pay the rent and grocery bill each month. A B C D
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22. When William arrived at his office, John told him that he had been astonished to learn from A B C the chief accountant that he had been fired. D 23. The Association of South-East Asian Nations presented a list of topics on which they asked A B C D for discussion and negociation. 24. His family arent usually supportive, but it rallied around him this time. A B C D 25. Because slaves were considered property, the group of scientists from the historical society A B C was able to find the information they needed in those records. D Choose the correct sentence (Hy chn cu ng). 26. A. The story was exciting, but the author didnt explain what happened at the end. B. The story was exciting, but they didnt explain what happened at the end. C. The story was exciting, but you didnt explain what happened at the end. D. The story was exciting, but she or he didnt explain what happened at the end. 27. A. The jury took a long time before they reported a deadlock. B. The jury took a long time before it reported a deadlock. C. The jury took a long time before the jury reported their verdict. D. The jury took a long time but it disagreed on a number of counts. 28. A. I told John and David that they should be here at 9:00 p.m. B. The house was new, and the builder hoped to sell them soon. C. The only person we spoke to was yourself. D. Someone has lost her wallet. 29. A. If I have the time, you will visit her.

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B. If Helen is prepared for her exam, she can pass it. C. If I have the time, one will visit her. D. If Helen is prepared to her exam, one can pass it. 30. A. Dorothy told Helen that she had been elected president B. Dorothy and Helen fell down, and she broke her leg. C. Dorothy and Helen fell down, and Helen broke her leg. D. Dorothy and Helen fell down, and she broke their legs.

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P N 3
1. A. 2. C. 3. C. 4. D. 5. C. 6. C. i t lin h that ni mnh tnh t vi phn cn li ca cu. 7. D. Dng themselves v tin t children s nhiu. 8. D. y l mt dng dng i t thay th cho tin t khng r rng. p n A v B khng thch ng. C li cng khng c. Buc lng phi dng li danh t trong p n D. 9. D. 10. A. y, ta cn c mt i t lin h (relative pronoun) ni 2 mnh ca cu. A tha mn iu kin ny v l t ch s s hu (cc cng trnh ca b y). B v D khng tha ng cn C th khng thch hp ch s s hu trong mt mnh lin h. 11. C. Tin t flights s nhiu nn phi dng i t they. Cn lin l because thng dng khi u mt mnh , because of thng dng trc mt danh t hay i t. 12. A. Cc p n B, C v D u mc li chuyn i i t mt cch ty tin: t one i sang you. 13. D. Thay i t it vo v tr ca they v tin t l news, danh t s t. 14. C. Thay i t it vo ch they. 15. D. Anh y (he) l ai? David hay John? y l mt sai st v tin t khng r rng nn phi thay i t he bng danh t ring David hoc John. 16. D. i t y thay cho tin t l folk musicnn phi l it (v ng t theo sau cng phi i sang hnh thc s t: comprises). 17. D. i t them (thay v themselves) thay cho tin t objects. Hn na cc babies khng th put themselves vo trong cc containers c. 18. C. Them thay cho they. 19. B. It thay ch they v tin t l danh t s t company. 20. C. It thay ch they m ch ti n t jewelry. 21. B. Phi dng it thay cho they v tin t family trong cu ny mang ngha ca mt khi
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duy nht (ch khng phi tng thnh vin trong gia nh). 22. D. Tin t khng r rng. i t he c th m ch n 3 ngi: William, John hoc chief accountant, nn ta phi chn 1 trong 3 thay vo v tr ny. 23. D. Tin t l association, mt danh t s t, nn i t phi l it thay v they. 24. C. Tin t l danh t tp hp family. Trong ng cnh ny, family m ch n nhng thnh vin trong gia nh, nn v tr ny, ta dng i t they thay cho it. 25. D. Tin t l danh t s t group nn i t v tr ny l it thay cho they. 26. A. C 3 p n B, C v D u dng i t mt cch ty tin, v khng c mt tin t no cho cc i t they, you v he or she c. V th, ta phi dng mt danh t (nh p n A) hoc i t it hp vi tin t story: The story was exciting, but it didnt explain what happened at the end. 27. B. Tin t l danh l tp hp jury. y, jury ng bi thm on hot ng nh mt khi thng nht, mt n v, nn i t thay th phi s t. cu D th ngc li, jury hm ngha nhng thnh vin trong bi thm on (bt ng v mt s ti danh) nn jury l danh t s nhiu, cn c i t they. 28. A. 29. B. C ba cu cn li u sai v chuyn i i t mt cch ty tin. 30. C. C ba cu cn li u sai v s dng i t khng thch ng trong cu c tin t m h.

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BI 4: PRONOUNUSAGE (CCHDNGIT)
Di y l nhng sai st m ngi hc ting Anh thng mc phi khi dng i t:
-

Dng sai i t phn thn (Reflexive pronouns). Chn i t nhn xng lm ch ng hoc b ng. Chn i t nhn xng ng sau than hoc as. Ln ln cch dng gia who v whom. Ln ln v ging (gender) trong cu c i t bt nh.

1. Dng sai i t phn thn: i t phn thn c ui -self v -selves vi chc nng l phn nh li ch ng nn ta khng dng i t ny lm ch ng m dng lm b ng, ch r hnh ng ca ng t c thc hin vo ngay ch ng. My wife and myself went to the court. (Sai) My wife and I went to the court. (ng) V ti v ti i n ta n.

i t nhn xng I thay cho i t phn thn myself lm ch ng ca cu. 2. Chn i t nhn xng lm ch ng hoc b ng: Rt nhiu ngi gp lng tng dn n vic s dng sai i t nhn xng mt khi trong cu c t 2 i t ny tr ln: He and I hay l him and me; she and he hay l her and him? Chng ta hy th phn tch cu di y: (She, her) and (I, me) understood the question. C y v ti hiu cu hi.

Ta ang phn vn khng bit dng she hay her, I hay me. Gi s, ta chia cu trn ra lm hai: c y ring v ti ring. Ta c: Hoc: Her understood the question. Me understood the question. She understood the question. I understood the question.

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R rng l hai cu di sai. Vy ta chn: She and I understood the question. (She v I l ch ng ca ng t understood nn phi danh cch). Mt th d v b cch: The bus leaves (she, her) and (I, me) at the corner. Xe but b c y v ti li gc ph.

Ta cng tch cu ny ra lm hai: - The bus leaves she at the corner. The bus leaves I at the comer. Hoc: - The bus leaves her at the corner. The bus leaves me at the corner. Hai cu trn sai, nn ta chn: The bus leaves her and me at the corner. (Her v me l b ng cho ng t leaves nn phi b cch). Lu :

Nu trong mt cu c t 2 i t nhn xng tr ln th thng thng, ta ngi th nht sau cc ngi khc. John and I go to the market. John v ti i ch. Khng nn vit: I and John go to the market. This bathroom is for them and us. Phng tm ny dnh cho h v chng ta. Khng nn vit: This bathroom is for us and them. Between you and I hay between you and me: Rt nhiu ngi dng sai cm t ny. y l mt cm gii t nn i t theo sau gii t between phi gi chc nng b ng cho between, ta phi dng i t b cch: between you and me mi ng. I will keep that information just between you and me. Ti s gi thng tin (ch dnh ring) cho anh v ti thi.

Sau cc gii t khc, ta cng dng i t b cch. Come to the park with her and me. Hy n cng vin vi c y v ti.

Vic s dng Its me hay "It is I tng gy tranh ci rt lu. Nhng ngi da vo ng php th khng nh y l li thng gp nht m l do l i t danh cch (nominative

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case) ng vai tr b tc t cho ch ng (theo sau ng t be) b thay bng i t b cch (objective case). iu ny hay gp trong vn ni v mt s vn bn khng chnh thc. Th d:-Who is there? Its me / (Ai y? Ti y). Cho n nay, c hai cu trc It's me" v It is I vn c dng rng ri. It is I c dng trong cc hnh thc trang trng trong vn vit. Its me chim lnh trong i sng hng ngy, trong vn ni v trong cch vit thoi mi, khng cu n. y ta cng cn lu l khng ch me m cn nhng i t khc nh: us, them, him v her (chng hn thats him, it must be them...) cng c dng sau ng t be nhng t xut hin hn l me. 3. Chn i t nhn xng ng sau than hoc as: Vic s dng ng cc i t trong nhng hnh thc so snh l rt quan trng do l vic dng sai i t nhn xng danh cch hoc b cch s lm sai lch ngha ca cu. Hy so snh: I think John admires Dorothy more than I. Ti ngh rng John ngng m Dorothy hn l ti (ngng m Dorothy). I think John admires Dorothy more than me. Ti ngh rng John ngng m Dorothy hn l ngng m ti. Ch cn thay i i t nhn xng danh cch (I) vi b cch (me) l ng ngha khc ngay. Do vy, ta cn ch n vic dng cc i t sau than v as, k c cc i t we v us, he v him, she v her... quyt nh vic dng i t no sau than v as, chng ta cn phi bit nhng t hm , m ch n. - William plays the guitar as well as I. William chi n guitar hay nh ti. Vi cu ny, sau as ta phi dng n i t nhn xng danh cch I v I lm ch ng cho ng t do c hiu ngm: William plays the guitar as well as I do. Nhng nu i t nhn xng lm b ng th ta phi dng b cch. Michael likes Helen more than me. Michael thch Helen hn ti. Cu ny m rng ra l Michael likes Helen more than (he likes) me, tc me lm b ng cho ng t likes. Nhng nu ngi vit c rng Michael thch Helen hn l ti thch Helen th cu ny phi sa li l: Michael likes Helen more than I (like her).

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4. Ln ln cch dng gia "who" v "whom" Trong vn ni hay trong cc vn bn khng chnh thc, i t lin h whom rt him khi c s dng m ngi ta dng who bao trm tt c. Tuy nhin, trong vn vit chnh thc, chng ta phi quyt nh khi no th dng who v khi no buc phi dng whom. Trc tin chng ta phi nh: who l i t dng danh cch (nominative case) - tc lm ch ng - cn whom s dng b cch (objective case) - tc lm b ng cho ng t hay gii t. d dng nhn dng i t no ng lm ch ng hay b ng, ta c th tch ri cu ra nh th d di y: I met the musician (who/whom) composed this music. Ti gp ngi nhc s sng tc bn nhc ny. Dng who hay whom y? Ta tch cu ra v vit li: Hoc: He (She) composed this music. Anh (C) y sng tc bn nhc ny. Nh vy, r rng i t thay th cho musician lm ch ng cho ng t composed, vy ta phi dng who: I met the musician who composed this music. Mr. Edwards is the kind of man (who/whom) they admire. ng Edwards l mu ngi n ng m h thn phc. on cu vit li l: Hoc: They admire him. Mr. Edwards is the kind of man whom they admire. Nh vy, Mr. Edwards hay him lm b ng cho ng t admire nn ta phi dng whom: They admire Mr. Edwards. Tng t nh th, ta phn tch cu di y: The musician composed this music. Ngi nhc s sng tc bn nhc ny.

5. Ln ln v ging (gender) trong cu c i t bt nh:

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i t bt nh (Indefinite pronouns) thng dng trong nhng cu c tnh cht khi qut, nhng nhn xt ton cnh... nn vn gy tr ngi l ging i vi nhng t ging chung. Trong qu kh, ngi ta d dng ng thun vic p dng nh l i t ging c s t i vi cc i t bt nh (a s i t bt nh l s t). Everyone wants to do his best. (1) Ai cng mun lm ht sc mnh. Everybody has his own view of what happened. Mi ngi c cch nhn ring ca mnh v s vic xy ra. Did anybody hurt himself? C ai b au khng? Trong cc cu ny, tnh t s hu his (ca n, ca anh y, ca ng y) hay i t phn thn himself (chnh anh y, chnh ng y) d dng c chp nhn d i t lm ch ng l anyone, everybody, anybody, tc mi ngi, mi ngi - bao gm c nam ln n. Vic s dng cc t ging c nh he,him, his, himself... khi khng phn bit c gii tnh trong cu tr thnh thng l, thm ch b lm dng nh cc trng hp sau y: Any president who wants to be reelected must maintain his popularity during his first term in office. (2) Bt c v Tng thng no (m) mun c ti c c th phi gi ting tm ca mnh trong nhim k u tin. Vi cu ny - bng hai t his - ngi vit lm nh th ch c nam gii mi t cch lm Tng thng ri ra ti c. Hay: A lawyer must always put his clients interest before his own convenience.(3) Lut s phi lun lun t quyn li ca thn ch trn li ch ring t ca mnh. Li vi hai t his, cu ny m ch rng, ch c nam gii mi lm lut s m thi. Theo cc ti liu ng php mi, nhng cch dng nh trn b ph bnh l c thnh kin trng nam khinh n v ngy cng khng th chp nhn c, nn cc nh ngn ng hc tm cch thay i. Hin nay, ngi ta a ra 3 phng cch:

Phng cch lng tnh - tc bao gm c ging c ln ging ci: khng nhng dng he, him, his... m dng lun she, her, hers.... Nhng cu (1), (2), (3) ni trn s tr

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thnh: Everyone wants to do his or her best. (1) Any president who wants to be reelected must maintain his or her popularity during his or her first term in office. (2) A lawyer must always put his or her clients interest before his or her own convenience. (3) Nhng ngoi tr cu (1) tm chp nhn c, ch cu (2) v (3) do c ti 2 ln his or her m ra di dng v lng cng.

Dng they, their, them... thay cho his, nhng dng c cho cu (1) v i t everyone tuy s t nhng ng ngha l s nhiu (ai, mi ngi). Tuy nhin, ch trong vn ni l ngi ta tm chp nhn. Everyone wants to do their best. (1)

Cch th ba l t li cu, chuyn ch ng qua s nhiu. Cu (1), thay everyone bng all people cn cc danh t s t ng lm ch ng cu (2) v (3) th chuyn qua s nhiu. All people want to do their best. (1) Presidents who want to be reelected must maintain their popularity during their frst terms in office. (2) (Nh l khi chuyn ch ng qua s nhiu th phi i cc t trong cu cho ph hp: wants want; term terms). Lawyers must always put their clients interest before their own convenience. (3) Cch th ba c dng trong vn vit, cch th hai thng dng trong vn ni, nh kiu ngi ta ni: Everyone said they would help (Ai cng ni rng h s tr gip).

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BI TP 4
Choose the word, phrase, or clause (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t, cm t hoc mnh [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 1. William considered ________ lucky when he bought an affordable apartment. A. him C. himself B. he D. his

2. Davids favourite sport is football; ________ is tennis. A. my C. mine B. me D. I

3. The lady ________ was here left a message for Helen. A. who C. whomever B. whom D. whose

4. It was ________ who ended up as finalists in the competition. A. me and her C. myself and herself D. me and B. she and I she

5. Hillary Clinton is the candidate ________ we think will win. A. whom C. who 6. The Isrealis believe that A. they C. it B. whose D. of whom country will always be subject to attack. B. its D. their

7. ________ mother wants ________ to become a teacher.

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A. Me/me C. My/me

B. My/my D. Me/my ________ better than

8. The whole time we were growing up teachers always seemed to like ________. A. her/me C. her/I B. Dorothy/I D. she/I

9. ________ and ________ always get into arguments about politics. A. He/me C. His/me B. His/I D. He/I

10. I think it would be a good idea for ________ to go away for a long weekend without the baby. A. me and Dorothy C. I and Dorothy B. Dorothy and I D. Dorothy and me

11. Helen does better on tests, but I write better papers than ________. As a result, she usually gets about the same grades as A. her/me C. she/I ________. B. her/I D. she/me

12. Sometimes children ________ parents are both working have to look after ________. A. whose/themselves C. who/them B. whom/them D. who/themselves

Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 13. It was them who ate all the cookies. A B C D

57

14. Please ask whom is in the corridor to come in and help us move these tables. A B C D 15. He and I are the best of friends, but Helen does not like either he or me. A B C D 16. Anyone who wants to attend the course must complete his registration before Thursday. A B C D 17. If youre going to the park, can you take hers dog for a walk? A B C D 18. The confrontation between she and her family force her to leave home, and she saw neither A B C D her grandmother nor her brothers again. 19. I told her that I and John had struggled with the same issue and that I thought they would A B C work things out if they could just spend more time together. D 20. The cook and housekeeper did not like their duties. A B C D 21. The two people closest to me, her and my brother, expected me to return home after A B C D graduation. 22. Do you really believe that they have blamed we for the accident, especially you and me? A B C D 23. Of those who graduated with Dorothy and he, Helen is the only one who has found a good A B C D job. 24. It was him, William Strunk, who stayed with Dorothy for twenty years, teaching and A B C encouraging his students. D 25. The adviser whom the president said had leaked the information was asked to resign. A B C D

58

Choose the correct sentence (Hy chn cu ng). 26. A. She wanted he to go to the post office with her. B. She wanted him to go to the post office with her. C. She wanted he to go to the post office with she. D. She wanted him to go to the post office with she. 27. A. Tell the secret to he and I. B. Tell the secret to him and I. C. Tell the secret to me and him. D. Tell the secret to him and me. 28. A. The man to who I gave the money has disappeared. B. The man whom I saw didnt leave any message. C. The man who I saw didnt leave any message. D. The man whose I saw didnt leave any message. 29. A. From who did you get that impression? B. From whom did you get that impression? C. To who do you wish to send these roses, sir? D. To whose do you wish to send these roses, sir? 30. A. He was late for work more often than me. B. Him was late for work more often than me. C. No one knows as much as him about local politics. D. No one knows as much as he about local politics.

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P N 4
1. C. Ta phi dng mt i t phn thn (reflexive pronoun) y v William va l ch ng va l b ng ca ng t considered. 2. C. 3. A. 4. B. Dng i t nhn xng danh cch theo sau cu trc It is.... Trong vn ni hng ngy, thay v It is I, It is she, ngi ta c th dng Its me, Its her... nhng nu sau c tip mt mnh lin h (nh trng hp ny) th chng ta buc phi dng danh cch c trong vn vit ln vn ni. Th d:- It is she who pays the bills (Chnh ch y l ngi tr tin cc ha n). 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B. i t nhn xng lm ch ng theo sau ng t to be. Thay them bng they. 14. A. Thay whom bng whoever. 15. D. i t dng v tr ny l b ng ca ng t like nn phi dng l him or me thay v he or me. 16. D. Thay vo v tr ny l his or her, hoc c th vit li cu ny bng cch chuyn ch ng qua s nhiu: Any students who want to attend the course must complete their registration before Thursday. 17. C. Dng tnh t s hu her trc danh t dog (thay v i t s hu hers). 18. A. Thay she bng her. 19. B. Sa li l John and I thay v I and John. 20. C. Phi thay tnh t s hu their bng his or her v ch ng s t. Ch ng trong cu ny l mt ngi the cook and housekeeper v nu l hai ngi lm hai cng vic ring bit th
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trc housekeeper phi c thm mo t the. 21. B. Thay her bng she. i t y lm ch ng ca ng t expected. 22. C. Thay we bng us. 23. C. Thay he bng him v i t y lm b ng cho gii t with. 24. A. Thay him bng he. 25. A. Whom khng phi l b ng ca president said. y ta phi dng who trong vai ch ng ca had leaked. 26. B. She l ch ng ca wanted; him l b ng ca wanted; her l b ng ca gii t with. 27. No table of contents entries found.

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BI 5: ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB USAGE (CCH DNG TNH T V TRNG T)

Cc vn cn lu l: Lm th no phn bit tnh t vi trng t qua chc nng v hnh thc; lm sao trnh nhng lm ln khi s dng hai t loi ny. 1. Phn bit tnh t vi trng t qua hu t -ly ca trng t. Kh nhiu trng t c hnh thnh bng cch thm hu t -ly vo tnh t. Tnh t - quick - sudden - immediate Trng t - quickly - suddenly - immediately (mt cch nhanh chng) (bt thnh lnh) (ngay tc khc)...

Nhng rt nhiu trng t khc khng c hnh thc tn cng bng -ly, trong khi li c nhiu tnh t c hnh thc tn cng bng -ly. The lovely presents she gave me smell like old socks. Qu tng ng yu m c y gi cho ti c mi nh l bt tt c. Tnh t lovely b ngha cho danh t presents. 2. Nhiu trng t v tnh t c cng hnh thc v ng ngha: C th k ra mt s tnh t v trng t : high (cao), low (thp), near (gn), fast(xa), fast (nhanh), hard (cng, khc nghit), early (sm), late (tr), much (nhiu), little (mt t), leisurely (nhn ri), kindly (tt, t t)... Trong vai tr tnh t - A high mountain Mt ngn ni cao - A fast train Mt con tu nhanh - The work is hard. Cng vic l kh khn Trong vai tr trng t - The bird flew high. Con chim bay cao - The train went fast. Chic tu chy nhanh - They worked hard. H lm vic ht mnh

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Cng vn tn ti nhng hnh thc trng t song hnh vi nhng t trn nh: highly, lowly, nearly, hardly, lately... nhng ng ngha hp hn. They spoke very highly of him. H cao, gii thiu anh y. Highly ch dng vi ngha tru tng. Cng nh lowly c ngha l hn mn, khim tn...

Cc trng t: warmly, hotly, cooly, coldly, presently, shortly, scarcely v barely cng c ngha khc vi tnh t tng ng. Cc tnh t ch cm nhn v thi tit nh: warm (m), hot (nng), cool (mt), cold (lnh) khi c dng trong vai tr trng t th din t thin v cm xc. He denied the accusation hotly. Anh y ph nhn li buc ti mt cch cm phn, kch lit. (Trng t). Mrs. Smith received them coldly. B Smith tip h mt cch lnh nht. (Trng t coldly trong cu ny c ngha: mt cch khng thn thin in an unfriendly way).

hotly y c ngha: y phn n indignantly.

3.

Tnh t dng lm trng t v ngc li: Thnh thong, tnh t cn c dng nh mt trng t khi nh phm cho mt ng t. Trng hp ny ch p dng vi nhng tnh t c mt vn, tc t n tit (monosyllable). He spoke loud and clear. Anh y ni to v r.

Cc tnh t loud, clear thay th cho trng t loudly, clearly trong cu: He spoke loudly and clearly. Vi nhng tnh t nhiu m tit, chng ta khng dng thay cho trng t. Ta khng nn vit: The sun shines brilliant, m phi vit: The sun shines brilliantly (mt tri chiu sng chi li). Tc phi dng trng t brilliantly ch khng c dng tnh t brilliant. Trng hp trng t dng thay tnh t khi trng t i vi phn t, tc ng tnh t (participle) c hiu ngm. The then (ruling) Prime Minister (Th tng cm quyn hi ). The then (reigning) king (nh vua tr v hi ).

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Nhng phn t ruling (cm quyn) hay reigning (tr v) c hiu ngm. 4. Dng ln ln gia trng t v tnh t: Kh nhiu trng t v tnh t mang ngha nhn mnh v lm ni bt ca cu vn. Vic s dng ln ln gia trng t v tnh t dn n vic sai ng php ca cu. He did a well job. (Sai) He did a good job. (ng) Anh y lm tt cng vic (c giao). y, job (vic lm) l mt danh t nn ta phi dng tnh t b ngha, hn nh. l tnh t good (tt), cn well l trng t. Her writing style is excessive formal. (Sai) Her writing style is excessively formal. (ng). Vn phong ca c y qu trang trng.

Cu ny th dng sai tnh t. b ngha cho tnh t formal (trang trng, chnh thc), ta phi dng trng t excessively (qu mc, qu ng) ch khng dng tnh t excessive. Phn bit qua chc nng: Do c tnh t v trng t u c chc nng b ngha, nh phm, li thng c hnh thc tng t nhau, v thnh thong c th chim nhng v tr trong cu ging nhau... nn i khi, ch cn cch phn bit chng qua chc nng trong cu. Cn nh: tnh t b ngha cho danh t v i t; cn trng t th b ngha cho ng t, tnh t v trng t khc. Trng t nm nhiu v tr trong cu v cch tt nht nhn din trng t l tr li 4 cu hi lin quan n how (th no), when (khi no), where ( u) v why (ti sao). The bride smiled happily. (1) C du mm ci sung sng. The guests had arrived rather early. (2) Khch kha n kh sm. cu (1), ng t l smiled. Ta t cu hi smiled how? (Mm ci th no?); tr li: smiled happily (mm ci sung sng). Vy happily l trng t b ngha cho ng t smiled. Tng t, vi ng t arrived cu (2) tr li cho when th c trng t early v tr li cho how th c trng t rather: trng t rather b ngha cho trng t early. Trng t cn b ngha cho hu ht cc cu trc trong Anh ng, k c mnh v cu.

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Fortunately, the rain had ended before the wedding. May mn thay, cn ma chm dt trc tic ci.

5.

Hai cp tnh t/trng t thng dng ln ln nht: bad/badly v good/well. Hu ht cc sch ng php ting Anh, k c t in, u cp n vic dng ln ln gia hai cp tnh t/trng t ny. Bad v badly: (a) Bad l mt t xu (bad word) t nht l theo thut t v ng php. Vic dng ln ln tnh t bad vi trng t badly thuc loi ph bin nht. Bad l tnh t vi ngha: xu, t, km... She has some bad news. C y c tin bun. Tnh t bad c dng theo sau cc linking verbs. They felt bad because the breakfast was so badly prepared. H cm thy khng vui v ba n sng c chun b qu t. Trong cu ny, tnh t bad theo sau linking verb l felt din t trng thi ca ch ng they, cn badly l trng t b ngha cho ng t prepared. Hnh thc so snh hn (comparative) v so snh cao nht (superlative) ca bad l worse v the worst. (b) Ta khng dng bad lm trng t m nn dng badly. y l vn tng gy tranh ci rt lu. Thc ra, c bad ln badly c dng lm trng t t th k 17, nhng dn d, vai tr trng t ca bad hp dn i. Trong ting Anh hin i, trng t bad ri vo 2 trng hp:

c xem l chun: Khi bad i km vi off (bad off c ngha l trong tnh trng khn cng, trong iu kin t hi). Her family has been bad off since she lost her job. Gia nh c y lm vo cnh khn cng k t khi c mt vic lm. That was done very bad. Vic c tin hnh qu t.

c xem l km chun hn nhng vn thng dng: Bad dng sau ng t do. -

Hin nay, badly c dng rng ri trong vai tr trng t.

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The tour started badly and got worse and worse. Chuyn du hnh khi u mt cch ti t v ngy cng t hn.

Khi badly ng vai trng t nh trong cu trn th hnh thc so snh cao hn v cao nht ca n cng l worse v the worst. Lu : Badly cn c mt ngha hon ton khc. l ngha: nhiu lm (very much) khi i vi ng t want v need. She needs help badly. C y cn s gip nhiu lm. He wants that shirt badly. Anh y thch ci o kia lm lm. Ta cng cn lu l vi ngha ny, ta khng c dng hnh thc so snh worse v the worst na, m phi dng more badly vi cp so snh hn, v the most badly cho cp so snh cao nht. He wanted her more badly than ever. Anh y cn c ta nhiu hn bao gi ht. Well v good: Hai t ny c ngha tng t nhau: tt, hay, gii; nhng ch trong trng hp well l trng t v good l tnh t. Hy so snh cch dng hai t ny trong nhng cu di y. She handled it well. C ta x l tt vic . Trong cu ny, well b ngha cho ng t handled v ta khng ni She handled it good.
-

Its a well-made bicycle. Its a good bicycle. l mt chic xe p c ch to tt, l mt chic xe tt.

Trng t well trong cu trn b ngha cho made cn tnh t good trong cu di b ngha cho danh t bicycle. Ta c th ni He speaks good Spanish hoc He speaks Spanish well hay His Spanish is good nhng khng ni He speaks Spanish good. Ta cng khng th ni He speaks well Spanish v trng t khng ng gia ng t v b ng.

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Khi well c dng lm tnh t th n c ngha: trong tnh trng sc khe tt, khng bnh hon. Lc , well thng theo sau cc ng t lin kt (linking verb) nh: be, feel, look, get...
-

He looks well.
-

ng y trng khe ra. Anh khe i ch? - Better (tt hn) - Better - The best (tt nht). - The best.

Are you well enough to travel?

-

V cp so snh hn v cao nht th c hai u c cng hnh thc. - Good - Well Lu :

Well khi c dng lm tnh t th ch ni v sc khe. Th nn, ta khng ni "When I'm with her Im well m ni When Im with her Im happy (Ti hnh phc khi bn nng). Ngi Anh khng dng tnh t well t trc danh t. H ni He's well ch khng ni Hes a well man, trong khi ngi M thnh thong dng well trc danh t nh khi h ni Hes not a well man.

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BI TP 5
Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 1. Great circle routes, the shortest courses between two points on the surface of a sphere, are A B routine used by international air traffc to save time. C D 2. By studying an animal in the wild, scientists can learn a lot about the animal without A B C changing their natural behaviour. D 3. Deeply beneath the ocean waves, there are mountain ranges, deep trenches, and vast open A B C D plains covering as much as two-thirds of the Earths surface. 4. In 1891, Dr. James Naismith invented the game of basketball as a means of keeping boys A B actively indoors during the winter. C D 5. Male birds of many species are more colours than the females, who usually look after the A B C chicks and therefore need to be more inconspicuous. D 6. Drilling for oil from off-shore platforms can be costly and dangerously. A B C D 7. When you exercise, you breathe faster and more deep, moving up to six times as much air A B C into your lungs as when you are sitting still. D 8. The colours in fireworks are produced by difference chemical such as magnesium, copper A B C
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salts, strontium nitrate, and charcoal. D 9. Philadelphia grew steady during the Colonial period, and by the time of the American A B C revolution, it was the second largest city in the British Empire. D 10. Big, red, and round, the balloons hung in the air like enormous oversized apples. A B C D 11. They were also said to be looking at evidence of alike schemes at National Bank. A B C D 12. He is a greedily troublemaker who is always doing something he was told not to do or poking A B C D his nose where it doesnt belong. 13. Because Coyote hunts bad, he decides to team up with Eagle, who is an excellent hunter. A B C D 14. We enioy watching him outsmart his powerfully opponents. A B C D 15. Some people think that stealing is not wrong if it is done for a well reason. A B C D 16. William danced very good in the contest, but Michael danced even better. A B C D 17. The applicants for low-interest loans hoped to buy decent built houses for their families. A B C D Choose the word, phrase, or clause (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t, cm t hoc mnh [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 18. Grand father is _________ today, but he felt even _________ yesterday. A. good/the best C. well/better B. well/the best D. good/better

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19. David did _________ on the first three tests of the term, but his performance on the final test was _________ of all. A. Bad/the worst C. badly/the worst B. badly/worse D. bad/worse

20. Most young geese leave their nests at an early age, and young snow geese are _________ exception. A. none C. no B. not D. never

21. _________ all the books written by Isaac Asimov were Science fiction; some were nonfiction works on Science, technology, and other subjects. A. Neither C. Not B. No D. None

22. Centuries of erosion have exposed _________ rock suraces in the Painted Desert of northern Arizona. A. coloured like a rainbow B. rainbow-coloured C. a rainbows colouring D. in colours like the rainbow 23. William plays the guitar _________ and the mandolin not _________. A. well/badly C. well/bad B. good/badly D. good/bad

24. He ran _________ in his first race, but in the second race he did better. A. bad/much C. badly/much B. bad/many D. badly/many

25. The _________ decorated purse that David knitted is _________ fraying around the edges.

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A. carefully/quickly C. carefully/quick

B. carefui/quickly D. careful/quick

Choose the correct sentence (Hy chn cu ng). 26. A. He did the job good. B. He did a well job. C. He is a real person. D. He is a really person. 27. A. The children are already for the picnic. B. The children are all ready for the picnic. C. She all ready cashed her paycheck. D. The train had all ready left when we got to the station. 28. A. The ginger ice cream tasted good. B. He did well on yesterdays exam. C. He did good on yesterdays exam. D. A and B. 29. A. He is surely of himself. B. He is sure confident of his abilities. C. He is sure of himself. D. A and B. 30. A. I feel bad about the delay. B. It doesnt hurt very bad. C. He plays good. D. I feel badly about the delay.

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P N 5
1. C. Hnh thc ng phi l routinely - mt trng t - ch khng phi mt tnh t (routine) i hi cho mt ng t hnh thc th ng (are... used). 2. D. Tnh t s hu their phi c thay bng hnh thc s t its v n m ch n animal l mt danh t s t. 3. A. v tr ny, chng ta phi dng tnh t deep ch khng phi trng t deeply. 4. C. Thay trng t actively bng tnh t active. 5. C. Thay danh t colours, ta cn tnh t colourful v tr ny. 6. D. Phi dng tnh t dangerous v tr ny song hnh vi tnh t costly. im d lm ln y l hnh thc ca dangerously - vn l trng t - li tng t vi costly - vn l tnh t c cu trc tn cng bng -ly. 7. B. Trng t deeply phi thay cho v tr ca tnh t deep v faster pha trc l hnh thc so snh ca trng t fast (fast c hnh thc tnh t v trng t nh nhau). 8. B. Trc danh t chemical, ta cn mt tnh t: different. 9. A. Trng t steadily phi v tr ny (steady l tnh t). 10. C. v tr ny phi l trng t enormously (thay v tnh t enormous) b ngha cho tnh t oversized. 11. C. Ta khng dng tnh t alike ng trc mt danh t, thay vo l similar cng c ngha: ging ht nhau. 12. A. Phi dng tnh t greedy thay cho trng t greedily lm thuc t cho danh t troublemaker. 13. B. Dng trng t badly thay cho tnh t bad b ngha cho ng t hunts. 14. D. Dng tnh t powerful thay cho trng t powerfully v tr ny. 15. D. Dng tnh t good thay v trng t well b ngha cho danh t reason. 16. B. Ta cn y trng t well b ngha cho ng t danced. 17. C. Decent l tnh t, trong khi v tr ny cn mt t b ngha cho tnh t built gii thch l cc cn nh c xy dng nh th no? nn ta cn n trng t decently. 18. C. 19. C. 20. C. Chn C v ta phi dng no - mt tnh t ph nh - trc mt danh t (exception). Lu
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cu nv d b chn lm not ca B. 21. C. y, ta cn mt t c th ph nh all. Not p ng tiu chun ny v n l trng t. No khng th c v n cng l mt t hn nh (determiner) ging nh all. 22. B. Chn B b ngha cho cm danh t rock surfaces. 23. A. Ta cn hai trng t b ngha cho ng t plays, nn ta chn well v badly. 24. C. 25. A. Trng t carefully b ngha cho tnh t decorated; trng t quickly b ngha cho ng t is fraying. 26. C. 27. B. Trong cu ny, all l trng t b ngha cho tnh t ready. Cu A sai v already l trng t m vi cu ny, sau to be phi l mt b tc t (complement). Cu C v D sai v all ready (vit 2 t ring bit) c vai tr nh cu B, trong khi y cn trng t already b ngha cho ng t. 28. D. Cu A v B u ng: tasted l linking verb nn sau n ta dng tnh t (cu A); well l trng t b ngha cho ng t did (cu B). 29. C 30. A.

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BI 6 COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (SO SNH HN V CAO NHT CA TNH T V TRNG T)
Bn c bit n hnh thc so snh more better hoc less worse? Nu nh bn chn mt trong hai hnh thc ny th bn cn phi lu n vic so snh trong Anh ng v bi hc di y rt hu ch cho bn bi v c hai hnh thc so snh ni trn u sai. Trong bi ny, chng ta tp trung n hnh thc so snh cao hn (comparatives) v cao nht (superlatives) vi nhng vn sau: Thnh lp so snh hn v cao nht. Khng dng va hnh thc -er, -est va more,va the most cho cng mt t. Trnh dng so snh cao nht trong trng hp ch so snh hai ngi, hai vt. Trnh so snh vi nhng t khng c hnh thc so snh. Cc hnh thc so snh kp (double comparatives) thng dng. Ln ln gia like/alike v like/as.

1. Thnh lp so snh hn v cao nht: Vi tnh t, trng t n tit, mt vn (monosyllable), ta thm -er vo cui t cho trng hp so snh hn v thm -est cho trng hp so snh cao nht. Tnh t hoc trng t + er + than (so snh hn) The + tnh t hoc trng t + est (so snh cao nht)

Vi tnh t, trng t nhiu m tit (polysyllable), ta dng more (so snh hn) v the most (so snh cao nht) t ngay trc tnh t hoc trng t. more + tnh t hoc trng t + than The most + tnh t hoc trng t

Cn ch n mt s ngoi l nh trng t early (sm) c 2 m tit nhng li c hnh thc so snh l earlier v the earliest, trong khi trng t quickly (nhanh) th more quickly v the most quickly.

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Mt s lu khi thnh lp hnh thc so snh hn v cao nht: Vi nhng t tn cng bng -e, ta ch thm -r hoc -st. Th d: fine (p, tinh vi), finer (p hn), the finest (p nht). Cc t a m tit nhng tn cng bng -y v trc -y l mt ph m th cng xem nh t mt m tit, nhng phi i -y thnh -i trc khi thm -er v -est. Th d: lovely (ng yu), lovelier, the loveliest. Nhng t 2 m tit nhng tn cng bng -le, -er, -ow u c xem nh t mt m tit khi thnh lp so snh hn v cao nht. Th d: simple (n gin), simpler, the simplest; tender (mm, d v), tenderer, the tenderest; narrow (hp), narrower, the narrowest. Vi nhng t mt m tit m tn cng l mt ph m, trc l mt nguyn m th ta gp i ph m cui trc khi thm -er v -est. Th d: big (to, ln), bigger, the biggest; hot (nng), hotter, the hottest; fat (mp, bo), fatter, the fattest. Nhng t c thnh lp do thm tin t (prefix) th vn p dng hnh thc so snh ca t gc, cho d v thm tin t m t c thm nhiu m tit. Th d: unhappy (khng hnh phc), unhappier, the unhappiest. Nhng t sau y khng c most ng trc v bn thn chng cha sn most ri: foremost (u tin, trc ht), aftermost (cui cng, sau ht), furthermost (xa hn ht), uppermost (cao nht, quan trng hn ht), outermost ( ngoi cng)... Mt s t nhiu m tit nhng cho php ta s dng mt trong 2 hnh thc so snh, er, -est hoc more v the most. Th d: common (chung), commoner, the commonest hoc more common, the most common... Nhng t bt quy tc trong hnh thc so snh hn v cao nht: Tnh t: Th nguyn - good (tt) - bad (xu) - little (nh, b bng) - many (nhiu) - much (nhiu) - far (xa) so snh hn better worse less more more farther so snh cao nht the best the worst the least the most the most the farthest

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further - old (c, c, gi) Trng t Th nguyn - well (hay, tt) - badly (ti xu) - late (mun, chm) - little (t, mt cht) - much (nhiu) - far (xa, nhiu) older elder so snh hn better worse later less more farther further

the furthest the oldest the eldest so snh cao nht the best the worst the last the least the most the farthest the furthest

2. Khng dng va hnh thc "-er", "-est" va more, the most cho cng mt t. My father worked the most hardest of any person I ever knew. (Sai) My father worked the hardest of any person I ever knew. Cha ti lm vic cc nhc nht trong bt c ngi no m ti bit. 3. Trnh dng so snh cao nht trong trng hp ch so snh hai ngi, hai vt. Khi ch so snh gia hai ngi hoc hai vt, ta khng dng so snh bc cao nht. Th d, ta khng ni: The funniest of the two men was William. V ch c hai ngi: William v mt ngi khng c nu tn m William ng nghnh hn nn ta phi dng so snh bc hn. Ta vit: The funnier of the two men was William. Ngi ng nghnh hn trong hai ngi l William. 4. Trnh so snh vi nhng t khng c hnh thc so snh: C mt s t m theo ngha, th khng th c cp so snh. Th d: unique c ngha: duy nht, v song, th ta khng th ni rng mt vt no l more unique hn cc vt khc. Mt s t khc: Absolute (tuyt i, khng hn ch) Immortal (bt t, bt dit).
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Chng ta khng c va dng the most, va dng hardest. Cu ny phi vit li:

Universal (chung, thuc v tr) Supreme (ti cao) Triangular (ba cnh, ba phe, ba bn) Monthly (hng thng)...

Nu cn b ngha, nhn mnh thm cho nhng t ny th thng thng, ngi ta dng nhng trng t nh: very, largely, quite... This is a very unique movie. y qu l mt phim v song. 5. Cc hnh thc so snh kp (double comparatives) thng dng -er and -er hoc more and more + adjective: Cng ngy... cng, hay: mi lc mt... hn. less and less + adjective: Cng ngy cng km, mi lc mt km. the + adjective + er..., the + adjective + er hoc the more + adjective..., the more + adjective: Cng... cng. Trong mu cu: the more..., the more..., c khi hai v khng cng mt loi tnh t mt m tit hay nhiu m tit, c khi v trc tnh t, v sau ng t hoc danh t... The bigger the house is, the more money it will cost. Ngi nh cng ln th tn tin cng nhiu. The more leisure he has, the happier he is. Cng th nhn nhiu, anh y cng hnh phc hn. the less + adjective..., the less + adjective : Cng t... th cng t; cng km...th cng km. ... rather than... : ... hn l... ... had better... : ... nn... th hn.

6. Ln ln gia like/alike v like/as: y l mt trong nhng cch dung d b ln ln nht, khi dng alike thay v mu cu cn n like, hoc dng like thay v as. Alike l tnh t c ngha: tng t nhau, ging nhau, ging ln nhau (like each other). Like ngoi chc nng ng t (thch, a thch), danh t, lin t v gii t (nh th, ging nhau, tng t), khi lm tnh t cng c ngha l ging nhau.
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They think all politicians are alike. H cho rng mi chnh khch u ging nhau. Hes like his brother. Anh y ging ngi em trai ca mnh.

Lu : Ta khng dng alike ng trc mt danh t m dng similar hoc identical (u l tnh t c ngha: ging ht nhau) thay th. V like v as, cn nh l trong hnh thc so snh, like c t trc mt danh t hay i t trong cc tnh hung so snh n gin, cn as th c theo sau bng mt mnh . David, like John, was a student. David, cng nh John, l sinh vin. As the forecaster predicted, it rained all day. Nh cc nh d bo thi tit tin on, tri ma sut c ngy. As cng thng c dng sau mt s ng t nh kiu: classify as, serve as, identify as, regard as, use as, be known as...

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BI TP 6
Choose the word, phrase, or clause (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t, cm t hoc mnh [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 1. David was ________ than John. A. well C. better B. good D. best

2. Dorothy is the ________ student in the class, based on her high grades. A. smartest C. smarter B. more smarter D. smart

3. William does ________ in English classes than David and John. A. better C. good B. well D. best

4. Of the three girls, Helen, Susan, and Maria, Susan is the ________ character we know. A. more funny C. most funny 5. The ship was the ________ I had ever seen. A. most largest C. larger 6. Helen is the ________ of the two sisters. A. more kinder C. kinder 7. This building is ________ than that one.
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B. funnier D. funniest

B. largest D. more larger

B. kindest D. most kindest

A. beautifuler C. the most beautiful

B. beautifulest D. more beautiful

8. Dorothy promised to be ________ with her money. A. carefuler C. most carefulest B. more careful D. more carefuler

9. In my opinion, Hanoi is the ________ city in the world. A. most loveliest C. loveliest B. more lovelier D. most lovely

10. All of the cars in the parking lot, Mr. Browns is ________. A. the newer C. the newest B. more newer D. the most newest

11. Both I-25 and the parkway will take ________ you to Fort Collins, but the ________ is the route. A. late/fastest C. late/faster B. latter/fastest D. latter/faster

12. Russian is spoken fast. Italian is spoken than ________ Russian. Spanish is spoken ________ of all. A. more fast/the fastest C. faster/the most fast B. faster/the fastest D. more faster/the fastest

13. A country is said to have a trade surplus when overall exports are ________ overall imports. A. greater than C. more great than B. the greater D. more what

14. The younger a range of mountains, ________ it tends to be. A. higher B. to be higher
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C. the higher burned. A. Higher than C. It is higher than

D. higher than

15. ________ the octane number of gasoline, the less knocking occurs in the engine as the fuel is B. The higher D. The highest

16. The jury decided that they needed ________ proof of her ownership of the land. A. farther C. further B. farthest D. furthest

17. David and John both did ________ on the writing test, but John got the ________ score. A. good/ higher C. well/highest B. well/higher D. good/highest

Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 18. Marias last chess move, when compared to the grandmasters, is equally as mistaken. A A B A A A of all. 23. This has lo be the most supreme example of ignorance I have ever encountered. A B C D B B C B C C D C D B C D D D 19. Aneroid barometers are smaller than mercury barometers and are more easy to carry. 20. Because the city has more policemen on the beat, the people feel securer. 21. Like I walked up the driveway, a huge dog suddenly leaped ouT at me. 22. Parents in Europe are stricter than parents in Australia. Parents in Asia are the most strictest

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24. Helen is extremely perfect when it comes to grammar, as I am, said Dorothy. A A qualify for a loan. Choose the correct sentence (Hy chn cu ng). 26. A. Helen sang more forcefully than correct. B. Helen sang more forcefully than with the correct notes. C. Helen sang more forceful than correctly. D. Helen sang more forcefully than correctly. 27. A. New Yorks population is larger than San Francisco. B. New Yorks population is larger than San Francisco is. C. New Yorks population is larger than San Franciscos. D. New Yorks population is more larger than San Francisco. 28. A. The ears of Lao elephants are bigger than Thai elephants. B. The ears of Lao elephants are more bigger than Thai elephants. C. The ears of Lao elephants are bigger than those of Thai elephants. D. The ears of Lao elephants are the biggest than Thai elephants. 29. A. Coyote is the most important animal of the mythical prehuman animal age, when animals were believed to be able to talk. B. Coyote is the more important animal of the mythical prehuman animal age, when animals were believed to be able to talk. C. Coyote is the importanter animal of the mythical prehuman animal age, when animals were believed to be able to talk. D. Coyote is the importantest animal of the mythical prehuman animal age, when animals were believed to be able to talk. B C B D C D 25. Even though the two properties are priced like, the condo buyer will need more income to

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30. A. Of the twins, Maria weighs more and is the tallest. B. Of the twins, Maria weighs most and is the tallest. C. Of Ihe twins, Maria weighs more and is taller. D. Of the twins, Maria weighs most and is taller.

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P N 6
1. c. 2. A. 3. A. D c 3 nhn vt trong cu, nhng ta vn s dng hnh thc so snh hn (comparative) m thi v ta ch so snh gia William vi hai hc sinh khc l David v John. Lc , hai hc sinh ny c xem nh mt thc th (entity). 4. D. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8. B. 9. C. 10. C. 11. D. 12. B. 13. A. 14. C. the higher p ng cu trc the more... the more.... 15. B. Chn B theo mu the more..., the less.... Ch l khng chn lm D: The highest. 16. C. Trong cu ny, bi thm on cn thm chng c nn ta dng further (farther dng cho khong cch a l). 17. B. 18. C. Ta khng dng nguyn c cm t equally as v ch t equally din t s so snh ri. 19. D. easier thay cho more easy. 20. D. Phi l more secure. 21. A. Dng as (thay v like) gii thiu mt mnh . 22. D. Cu ny dng so snh i, sa li l: the strictest... 23. A. Supreme l mt trong s nhng t khng c hnh thc so snh v t thn n l superlative ri. V vy, ta khng dng most trc supreme. 24. A. Perfect l t khng th so snh, nn ta khng dng extremely trc n. 25. B. Alike thay cho like.
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26. D. Cu ny song hnh v so snh hai trng t forcefully v correctly. 27. C. Cn ch y l ng t to be (is) c th lc b, nhng (s) th khng th thiu. Khng c du lc (apostrophe) , th cu ny tr thnh khp khing, khng song hnh v so snh dn s vi mt thnh ph, thay v so snh dn s ca hai thnh ph vi nhau. V vy, cc cu A, B v D u sai. 28. C. C ba p n A, B v D u sai v so snh gia hai vt khng tng xng: nhng tai voi Lo vi nhng con voi Thi. 29. A. 30. C.

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BI 7 VERB USAGE (CCH DNG NG T)

Trong bi ny, chng ta cp n cc vh : 1. Cc th ca ng t. Th ca ng t cho chng ta bit thi im hnh ng xy ra. C 9 th quan trng: Tn gi 1. Simple present tense (Th hin ti n) Th d - He walks to his office regularly. Anh y i b n s lm thng xuyn. 2. Progressive present tense (Th hin ti tip din) 3. Present perfect tense (Th hin ti hon thnh) - Hes walking to his office. Anh y ang i b n s lm. - He has walked two kilometers this morning. Anh y i b 2 km sng nay. 4. Simple past tense (Th qu kh n) 5. Progressive past tense (Th qu kh tip din) - He walked to his office. Anh y i b n s lm. - He was walking to his office. Anh y (ang) i b n s lm. - Hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh. - Hnh ng tip din mt thi im no trong qu kh. - Hnh ng ang din ra v ko di thi im ni. Thi im hnh ng - Hnh ng, s vic xy ra hin ti hoc thng xuyn. Th ca ng t (verb tense). S chuyn i cc th trong cng mt cu. Nhng cp ng t thng b dng ln ln.

- Hnh ng kt thc trc thi im ni.

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6. Past perfect tense (Th qu kh hon thnh)

- He had walked lo his office - Hnh ng c hon thnh trc many limes before the mt thi khc hay s kin no establishnienl of the bus trong qu kh. line. Anh y i b n s lm nhiu ln trc khi tuyn xe but c thit lp.

7. Simple future lense (Th - He will walk to his office tng lai n) tomorrow morning. Sng mai anh y s i b n s lm. 8. Progressive future lense - He will be walking there (Th tng lai tip din) later. Anh y s i b n sau. 9. Future perfect tense - He will have walked to his (Th tng lai hon thnh) office by the end of this meeting. Anh y s i b n s lm sau khi cuc hp ny kt thc.

- Hnh ng s din ra sau thi im hin ti.

- Hnh ng s din ra lin lc mt lc no sau thi im hin ti.

- Hnh ng s hon thnh trc mt thi im hay s kin tng lai.

Trn y l s lc 9 th quan trng trong Anh ng. Cc bn cn tham kho thm sch, ti liu ng php ting Anh nm vng cch dng cc th. Ta cng cn ch phn bit ng ngha ca nhng cp cu di y: They have lived here for 4 years. (And theyre still living here). H sng y 4 nm. (V hin vn tip tc sng ). They lived here for 4 years. (They are not here now). H sng y 4 nm. (Hin nay h khng cn na). Cu trn dng th hin ti hon thnh; cn cu di do hnh ng sng chm dt trc thi im ni nn ta dng th qu kh n. He has written a number of books. ng y vit mt s sch. (Hm l tc gi hy cn sng v c th ng y s vit tip na).
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He wrote a number of books.

Cu trn th hin ti hon thnh; cu di (cng ngha vi cu trn) nhng dng th qu kh n vi hm tc gi cht hoc v l do no khng vit na. A monument will be erected at the site of the battle when the general returns. Mt i tng nim s c xy dng ti a im (ni xy ra) chin trn khi v tng tr li. A monument will have been erected at the site of the battle when the general returns. Cu trn hm sau khi v tng tr li a im chin trn th i tng nim s c xy, ta dng th tng lai n ( dng th ng). Cn cu di, vi th tng lai hon thnh (cng dng th ng) m ch rng vo thi im tng lai khi v tng tr li, th i tng nim lc c xy dng ri. 2. S chuyn i cc th trong cng mt cu: Trong cc bi thi trc nghim, th sinh cng thng phi pht hin nhng sai st trong vic chuyn i th (tense) khng hp l. Chng hn trong cu di y: Last night, David wrote a letter and does his homework. Trong cu ny, c hai ng t v do thi im din ra hnh ng l ti qua nn ta dng th qu kh n, ch khng th chuyn i ng t do qua th hin ti mt cch bt hp l. Ta vit li: Last night, David wrote a letter and did his homework (Ti qua, David vit mt bc th v lm bi tp ca mnh). ngha ca cu, ca on vn s quyt nh vic ta dng th no, v ta phi duy tr s nht qun , tr khi ngha ca cu i hi phi thay i th. S nht qun khng c ngha buc ta lun lun dng cng mt th cho tt c cc ng t trong cng mt cu, nhng s thay i phi hp l. Yesterday I was sick, today I am well, and tomorrow I will return to work. Hm qua ti bnh, hm nay ti khe v ngy mai ti s tr li lm vic. Cc ng t trong cu: was, am v will return c s dng hp l trng 3 th din t hnh ng xy ra hm qua (qu kh n), hm nay (hin ti n) v ngy mai (tng lai n). Hy xem xt cu di y: Helen had gone (past perfect tense) to the market and then realizes (simple present tense) that she forgot (simple past tense) her wallet at home.
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Cu ny s dng 3 th mt cch bt hp l. Ta cn sa li: Helen went (simple past tense) to the market and then realized (simple past tense) that she had forgotten (past perfect tense) her wallet at home. Hoc: Helen had gone (past perlect tense) to the market and she realized (simple past tense) that she had forgotten (past perfect tense) her wallet at home. y ta dng hai th v s chuyn i hp l theo hnh ng xy ra tun t trc sau: Helen b qun v tin nh (hnh ng xy ra trc tin), c ta ch pht hin (hnh ng sau cng) khi i n ch (hnh ng th hai). 3. Nhng cp ng t thng b dng ln ln: 3.1. Make v do: Make thng b dng lm vo v tr ca do v ngc li. Hai ng t ny thng i vi mt s danh t nht nh m chng h c mt quy lut no gip ngi hc ting Anh d dng nh c. Tng qut, ngi ta thng dng make khi ni v cc hot ng thnh lp, hnh thnh mt ci g vn cha hin hu trc ; trong khi ng t do hm ngha thc hin, hon thnh..., ni v cc hot ng lin quan n vi loi cng vic nh do homework (lm bi tp nh), do research (nghin cu), do damage (gy h hi)... Mt s danh t thng dng trong vic kt hp vi ng t make l: - arrangement (sp t, dn xp) - comment (bnh lun, ch gii) - journey (hnh trnh, chuyn i) - noise (ting n) - promise (li ha, ha hn) - sound (m thanh, ging) - suggestion ( ngh, gi ) - trip (chuyn i) - choice (chn la) - decision (quyt nh, gii quyt) - inquiry (i hi, yu cu) - plan (k hoch, d n) - remark (lu , nhn xt) - speech (bi ni chuyn, din vn) - tour (chuyn i) - visit (chuyn thm, cuc thm ving)...

Make cng thng dng vi ngha: lm, to ra, ch to ra; nh khi ta ni make a bicycle (ch to ra chic xe p), make a cake (nng, lm ra ci bnh)... Ta khng dng make khi cp n mt hnh ng, vic lm mt cch tng qut. Thay vo , ta dng ng l do. Ill see what can be done. Ti s xem xem c th lm c nhng g. Theyve done a lot to help her.
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H lm nhiu vic gip c y. Trong nhng trng hp nh trn, ta khng dng make. 3.2. Lay v lie: Nguyn nhn ln ln l do hnh thc qu kh ca lie li l hnh thc nguyn mu ca lay. Cc hnh thc ca 2 ng t ny nh sau: - Base form (T nguyn) - Past tense (Qu kh) - Past participle (Qu kh phn t) - Present participle (Hin ti phn t) - S form (Ngi th 3 s t) ngha. Khi lie c ngha: nm - tc t th ngh ngi trn mt mt bng - th n l mt ng t bt quy tc (lie - lay - lain), trong , hnh thc phn t qu kh lain rt him khi c s dng (hu nh ch dng trong vn hc). She lay down and stared at the ceiling. C y nm xung v nhn chng chc vo trn nh. y, lay l qu kh ca lie v rt d b vit sai l He laid down .... Khi lie c ngha: ni di, ni lo, th n l mt ng t quy tc vi hnh thc qu kh v phn t qu kh l: lied. Chng hn nh ta ni: Yesterday, I lied. (Hm qua, ti ni di). L ngoi ng t (transitive verb) nn lay cn c b ng. Lay c ngha: t, , tri (ci g/ai) ln mt b mt hoc vo mt v tr no . Mt s cm t thng dng ca lay l lay a table (by bn n, tc l by bin cc th nh a, dao, na... ln bn chun b cho mt ba n); lay an egg (dng vi chim, g... trng)... Luu : Trong mt s phng ng - ting a phng (local dialect) - c Anh ln M, hnh thc lay (vi ngha: t, ) thng c dng v tr ca lie (vi ngha: nm). I'm going to lay down for a few minutes.
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lay laid laid laying lays

lie lay (lied) lain (lied) lying lies

L ni ng t (intransitive verb), lie c hai hnh thc qu kh v phn t qu kh ty theo

As soon as I come in the door, I lay my keys on the table. Ngay khi bc vo ca, ti cha kha ln trn bn.

Ti s nm ngh trong vi pht. Cu ny theo ting Anh chun phi ni I'm going to lie down for a few minutes. 3.3. Sit v set: C hai u l ng t bt quy tc (sit - sat - sat v set - set - set). Sit l ni ng t c ngha: ngi, (chim) u, (g) p trng; cn ngoi ng t set c rt nhiu ngha trong thng dng nht l: t, , b tr. Our teacher sat on a chair. Gio vin ca chng ti ngi trn mt ci gh. He has set the vase in the center of the table. Anh y t chic bnh ngay gia bn. 3.4. Raise v rise: Raise l ns t quy tc, cn rise l ng t bt quy tc (rise - rose - risen). L ngoi ng t, raise c ngha: nng ln, tng lng, tng gi ... A policemun raised his hand to stop traffic. Mt vin cnh st a tay ln (ra tn hiu) ngng giao thng. Cn ni ng t rise c ngha: dy, ng dy, (mt tri, mt trng) mc. She rises early every morning. Mi bui sng b y (u) dy sm.

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BI TP 7
Choose the word, phrase, or clause (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t, cm t hoc mnh [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 1. They _______ a visit to the university that day. A. paid C. did 2. Last weekend he _______ a visit to a friend. A. paid C. did 3. David _______ his uncle an apology. A. made C. owed B. offered D. did B. made D. A and C B. made D. A and C

4. In 1775 the explorer Daniel Boone opened the Wildemess Trail to Kentucky and made _______. A. the first settlements there possible. B. possibly they were the first settlements there. C. it possible the first settlements there. D. as possible the first settlements there. 5. Many ocean currents _______ counter-currents that flow beneath them in the opposite direction. A. they have C. have B. having D. that have

6. David _______ a dictionary yesterday, and he _______ it tomorrow. A. borrows, returns B. borrowed, will return
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C. borrowed, returns A. clean C. to clean

D. borrows, will return B. for cleaning D. cleaning

7. Early pioneers used plants called horsetails _______ and polish their metal pots and pans.

8. While David _______ the valves, John _______ the tires. A. was ground/was rolated B. was grinding/was rotated C. was ground/was rorating D. was grinding/was rotating 9. Ever since the first nuclear power plants were built, opponents _______ disaster. A. have predicted C. have been predicting B. predicted D. A and C

10. By the end of the year 2010 I will _______ $50,000 A. save C. has savecl B. have saved D. have saving

Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 11. Some experts has argued that these types of crashes have decreased in number over the last A twenty years. 12. When Michael is a little boy, he was shot in his right eye with a gun. A B A picnic supper. 14. Economists will be closely watch fluctuations of the price of gold. A B C D
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C B

D C D

13. William and Dorothy spread an old table cloth on the ground and set in the grass to eat their

15. The president of the U.S. may do an agreement with another country which, unlike a treaty, A D 16. The rock formations in the Valley of Fine in Nevada have been wore into many strange A shapes by the action of wind and water. D 17. At the rate I am living, I will had spent all my summer earnings by the end of September. 18. When I asked my grandfather about his career, I have guessed correctly that he would have a A long and interesting story to tell. D 19. If you feel your hair standing on end during a thunderstorm, lay down quickly to avoid being A hit by lightning. 20. I have called the plumber twice today. I have left a message both times. He still A have not retumed my call. D 21. After the song has been played at least nine times, David shouted, Enough! A B C D B C B C D B C B C B C does not require the approval of the U.S. Senate.

Choose the correct sentence (Hy chn cu ng). 22. A. The policeman stopped the car and speaks to the driver. B. The policeman stops the car and spoke to the driver. C. I went into the room and there I saw my teacher. D. I went into the room and there I see my teacher.

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23. A. The family already finished dinner when the doorbell rings. B. The family already finished dinner when the doorbell rang. C. The family have already finished dinner when the doorbell rings. D. The family had already finished dinner when the doorbell rang. 24. A. David always sits down one cup of tea, forgets about it, and pours another. B. David always sat down one cup of tea, forgot about it, and poured another. C. David ahvays sets down one cup of tea, forgets about it, and pours another. D. David ahvays sat down one cup of tea, forgets about it, and pours another. 25. A. I suddenly realized that I leave my keys at home. B. I suddenly realized that Im leaving my keys at home. C. I suddenly realized that I have left my keys at home. D. I suddenly realized that I had left my keys at home. 26. A. Please lie that package on my desk. B. I forgot where I had laid my glasses. C. He lies the blanket over his sleeping son. D. Sometimes she just lays and stares at the ceiling. 27. A. The new trophy sat on the bookcase. B. He sat the package on the counter. C. Her grandfather set in an easy chair and smoked his pipe. D. She filled the kettle and sit it on the range. 28. A. Their church raises money to help the poor. B. In Tokyo, the buildings raise from the sidewalks into the sky. C. My boss rose my salary by 10%. D. All the reporters raised when the Prime Minister walked into the room. 29. A. After I lie down, I discovered I wasnt sleepy.
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B. Let me lay down for a few minutes, and Ill be fine. C. When he gets a headache, David lies down in a dark room for several hours. D. She lay down and closes her eyes. 30. A. By the time Hitler sends reinforcements, the Allies had already taken much of France. B. By the time Hitler sent reinforcements, the Allies had already taken much of France. C. By the time Hitler sent reinforcements, the Allies had already took much of France. D. By the time Hitler sent reinforcements, the Allies have already taken much of France.

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P N 7
1. 2. 3. 4. B. Ta ni make a visit to a place (tin hnh thm ving ni no). A. Ta ni pay a visit to someone (i thm ai). C. Ta ni owe someone an apology (n ai mt li xin li). A. C 2 mu cu trc ng t c th dng y: make something possible hoc make it possible (for someone) to do something. Cu A p ng mu u tin, trong khi cc cu B, C v D khng p ng mt trong hai cu trc ny. 5. 6. 7. C. Cu ny c mt ch ng (many ocean currents) v mt b ng (counter-currents) nn hon chnh, cn mt ng t mnh chnh, nn ta chn C. B. C. Chn C v sau ng t used, ta dng mt nguyn mu (infinitive). p n A c v ng khi tun th lut song hnh vi ng t polish. Tuy nhin, v sau used nn ta dng infinitive, v li, nu c 2 infinitive th to c th c lc b trc ng t nguyn mu th hai (trong trng hp ny l polish). Vi p n B, d sau used ta c th dng cu trc for + gerund nhng trong cu ny th li khng p ng lut song hnh. 8. 9. D. D. Hnh ng bt u trong qu kh v vn tip tc nn ta c th dng th present perect hoc present perect Progressive. 10. B. Dng th future perfect din t mt tnh trng s hon tt vo mt thi im nh r trong tng lai. 11. A. Have argued thay cho has argued. 12. A. Thay is bng was. 13. C. Thay set bng sat (qu kh ca ng t sit). 14. C. Thay watch bng watching dng th future progressive. 15. B. T ng l make - ch khng phi l do - i vi an agreement. 16. B. Phn t qu kh worn phi c dng v tr ny thay cho hnh thc qu kh wore. 17. B. Thay had bng have. 18. B. Dng th past perfect y: thay have guessed bng had guessed. 19. B. Thay lay down bng lie down. 20. D. Sa li has not returned thay v have not returned.
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21. B. Dng past perfect tense thay v present tense: had thay cho has. 22. C. 23. D. 24. C. 25. D. 26. B. 27. A. 28. A. 29. C. p n A. sai: ta phi thay lay (qu kh ca lie) vo v tr lie ph hp vi cc ng t khc trong cu nh discovered v wasnt. p n B sai: ta thay hnh thc hin ti ca lie vo v tr lay. D sai v hai ng t lay v closes khng cng mt th (thay closes bng closed). 30. B. Dng th past perfect tense l hp l din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh: lc Hitler gi lc lng tng vin (hnh ng din ra sau - ta dng th qu kh n: sent) th qun ng minh ti chim phn ln lnh th nc Php ri (hnh ng din ra trc - ta dng past perfect tense: had taken).

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BI 8 VERBALS (NHNG T C GC NG T)
L nhng hnh thc bt ngun t ng t nhng li c chc nng ng php khc, l: Cc phn t (participles) gi vai tr l nhng t b ngha. Cc danh ng t (gerunds) ng vai tr nh nhng danh t. Cc ng t nguyn th (infinitives) c th ng vai tr ca danh ng t v phn t.

PARTICIPLES (PHN T) Phn t l tnh t c gc ng t (verbal adjective), c th c dng lm tnh t hoc trng t. C hai loi phn t: hin ti phn t (present participle) v qu kh phn t (past participle). Hin ti phn t lun c ui l -ing. Qu kh phn t ca cc ng t quy tc th c ui l -ed nhng ng t bt quy tc c hnh thc ring. 1. Phn t thng c dng lm tnh t, nh khi ta ni a crowded bus (mt xe but cht nch khch), an interesting book (mt cun sch hay)... th cc phn t crowded, interesting lm chc nng tnh t, b ngha cho cc danh t ng pha sau. Khi t trc danh t, hin ti phn t hm ngha ch ng, cn qu kh phn t th c ngha th ng. Phn t cn c th ng nhng vai tr khc, chng hn lm trng t trong cu He is busy cleaning his bicycle (Anh y bn ra chic xe p ca anh ta): phn t cleaning lm trng t cho tnh t busy. Cn phn bit hin ti phn t vi ng t th hin ti tip din (present progressive tense). He is buying a talking bird for his son. Anh y ang mua mt con chim bit ni cho con trai mnh. is buying l hnh thc ca ng t buy th hin ti tip din, cn talking l phn t ng vai tnh t b ngha cho danh t bird. Cc phn t cng c dng nh tnh t trong chc nng b tc t cho ch ng (subject complement) ng sau mt ng t lin kt (linking verb). 2. Her performance is convincing. Cuc biu din ca c y c sc thuyt phc. Phn t kt hp vi nhng t khc hp thnh cm phn t hay mnh phn t.
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Giving her the message, David felt a weight lift from his shoulders. Trao cho nng tin nhn, David cm thy nh trt c gnh nng.

Cm phn t giving her the message ng vai tnh t m t cho danh t ring David. He was annoyed by the crumpled newspapers lying on the kitchen floor. Anh y bc mnh vi nhng t bo qun queo trn nn nh bp. Cm phn t lying on the kitchen floor m t danh t newspapers. Mt trong nhng cu hi trc nghim thng gp lin quan n cch dng cc cm phn t (participal phrases). Cc cm phn t thng dng rt ngn nhng mnh tnh t (adjective clauses). Cn phn bit hai trng hp: Hin ti phn t dng rt ngn mnh tnh t c cha ng t ch ng (active verbs). Minnesota, which joined the Union in 1858, became the thirty-second state. (Mnh tnh t y vi mt ng t ch ng: which joined the Union in 1858). Minnesota, joining the Union in 1858, became the thirty-second state. (Cm phn t vi mt hin ti phn t: joining the Union in 1858). Minnesota, gia nhp Lin bang nm 1858, tr thnh tiu bang th 32. C th t cm phn t nm trc ch ng: Joining the Union in 1858, Minnesota became the thirty-second state. Qu kh phn t dng rt ngn mnh tnh t c cha ng t b dng (passive verb) Coloratlo State University (CSU), which was founded in 1870, is one of the oldest universities in Colorado. (Mnh tnh t y vi mt ng t b ng: which was founded in 1870). Colorado Stale Universily (CSU), founded in 1870, is one of the oldest universities in Colorado. (Cm phn t vi mt qu kh phn t: founded in 1870). Colorodo State University (CSU), c thnh lp nm 1870, l mt trong nhng trng i hc lu i nht Colorado. Ta cng c th t cm phn t ng trc ch ng ca cu: Founded in 1870, Colorado State University (CSU) is one of the oldest universities in Colorado.

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GERUNDS (DANH NG T) L mt dng thc ca ng t lm nhim v nh mt danh t hay tng ng danh t trong cu. Gerund c hnh thc ging nh hin ti phn t (present participle) v c thnh lp bng cch thm -ing vo ng t gc: giving, dancing, refusing... Gerund c th c dng vo cc chc nng nh ch ng, b ng, b tc t cho ch ng v dng t sau ng t + gii t. Swimming is her favourite sport. Bi li l mn th thao a thch nht ca c ta. (danh ng t swimming lm ch ng cho ng t is). They like dancing. H thch nhy m. (dancing lm b ng cho ng t like). His hobby is rearing sheep. S thch ca anh ta l nui cu. (danh ng t rearing lm b tc t cho ch ng hobby). Cn lu n trng hp dng gerund sau ng t + gii t. Khi mt ng t c t ngay sau mt gii t, ta thng dng hnh thc gerund (khng dng infinitive). I look forward to hearing from you. Ti trng i (tin tc) t anh. Vi cu ny, ta khng ni: I look forward to hear from you. Ngoi ra, gerund cn c th ghp vi mt danh t lm thnh danh t kp nh: dining-room (phng n), dancing-teacher (v s), swimming-pool (b bi)... Mt s cu hi trc nghim cng cp n vic dng gerund sau mt s ng t nht nh (xem bng lit k cui bi). INFINITIVES (NG T NGUYN MU) ng t nguyn mu l ng t cha chia, l cc dng nh: to love, to dream, to stand... Hoc ng t nguyn mu khng to (bare infinitives) nh khi ng t theo sau cc tr ng t, theo sau mt s ng t khc (nh: see, hear, feel, help, let ...). Ngoi ra, cn cc dng khc na, nh: hnh thc ng t nguyn mu hon thnh (to have been, to have given...), nguyn mu tip din, nguyn mu b ng...

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Cn phn bit t to nh l mt phn ca ng t nguyn mu v t to trong chc nng gii t. To t sau cc tr ng t nh be, have, ought, used v sau going (trong cu trc going to) l mt phn ca ng t nguyn mu theo sau. To cng thng c t sau cc ng t like, love, hope, hate, want, try, mean v mt vi ng t khc trnh vic lp li mt ng t nguyn mu cp trc . Nhng trng hp khc khi to c t sau mt ng t th thng lc , to ng vai gii t v s c theo sau bng danh t, i t hoc danh ng t, c bit l theo sau cc cm t nh: look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to. Im looking forward to seeing you. Ti ang trng i gp anh. Infinitive c th ng vai tr ca danh ng t (gerund) v phn t (participle). Ging nh danh ng t, infinitive c th gi chc nng ca mt danh t hoc tng ng danh t. V ging nh nhng phn t, infinitive c th lm nhim v ca mt tnh t hay trng t. Vi chc nng nh mt danh t hay tng ng danh t, ta c th dng infinitive lm ch ng, b ng, b tc t. To become a ballerina is her greatest ambition. Tr thnh mt n din vin ma ba-l l kht vng ln nht ca c y. (To become l ch ng ca ng t is). I love to eat dinner in bed. Ti thch n ti trn ging. (to eat l b ng ca ng t love). My goal is to climb Mt. Everest. Mc tiu ca ti l leo ni Everest. (to climb lm b tc t cho ch ng goal). Infinitive c dng lm t b ngha (modifier) trong chc nng ca mt tnh t hay trng t. I want something to read. Ti mun ci g c. (to read lm chc nng tnh t b ngha cho something). The kids were ready to go. (to go vi chc nng trng t b ngha cho tnh t ready) Bn tr sn sng ln ng.
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Lu : Khng ging nh gerund, cc infinitive khng bao gi lm b ng cho gii t. Bng lit k cc ng t thng dng i hi verbal lm b ng:

Cc ng t cn b ng l gerund - admit (nhn, tha nhn) - anticipate (d kin, on trc) - avoid (trnh) - consider (xem xt, cn nhc) - delay (tr hon) - deny (khc t) - discuss (tho lun) - dislike (khng thch) - enjoy (thng thc) - finish (hon thnh) - forgive (tha th) - justify (bo cha, bin h) - postpone (hon) - practice (thc hnh) - prevent (ngn cn) - quit (t b) - recommend (gii thiu) - resist (chng li) - resume (tm tt) - risk (liu) - stop (ngng) - suggest ( ngh) - try (th) - understand (hiu)...

Cc ng t cn b ng l infinitive - agree (ng ) - aim (nhm ti) - allow (cho php) - appear (xut hin) - arrange (dn xp) - ask (hi, yu cu) - attempt (th, c gng) - cause (gy nn) - choose (chn) - claim (yu sch, i) - convince (thuyt phc) - decide (quyt nh) - deserve (xng ng) - enable (lm cho c th) - expect (trng mong) - hope (hy vng) - instruct (ch dn) - know how (bit th no) - learn how (hc th no) - need (cn) - permit (cho php) - persuade (thuyt phc) - prepare (chun b) - promise (ha)

C nhiu ng t c th dng infinitive hay gerund theo sau u c nh: begin (bt u), cease (ngng, thi), continue (tip tc), forget (qun), hate (ght), intend (c nh), like (thch),

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love (yu), omit (b st), prefer (thch hn), regret (tic), remember (nh), start (bt u, khi s)...

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BI TP 8
Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. We were very sorry hearing that she had failed in her exam. A A A A B A A A public buildings in the United States. D 8. 9. William plans to immediately fly to Japan after final exams are over. A A A B A A B B C C D B C B C D C D D D A bank or department store must give a reason for refuse to give someone a credit card. B C B B C B B C C D D D C D B C D C D Id love to have an opportunity of to meet you again. I should like her starting taking more French lessons. A bulldozer is used for pushing earth and to grade it. The mother allowed her children yelling and scream at the birthday party. I had to content myself with watch the little moving lights. Building in 1772, Marylands state capitol is still in use, and is one of the most attractive

10. Insects calling termites are a vital part of decomposition in grasslands. 11. I cant understand her want to marry a man like that. 12. He survived the crash only dying in the desert.

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13. Love is a smile to share, an ear listening. and a heart to love. A A as a plane pushes against the air, slows it down. D 15. He was very sorry not have seen his mother before she went to Paris. A B C D B C B D C 14. An airplane engine produces a forward force called thrust, while a force called drag, cause

Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t hoc cm t [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 16. She took lessons _________ how to play the violin. A. learn C. to learn 17. Her telephone number is easy _________ A. remembering C. remember B. remembered D. to remember B. learning D. which learning

18. He is the first student _________ the scholarship this year. A. who win C. winning B. to win D. whose won

19. Would you like to go out or would you rather _________ here? A. to stay C. stayed B. staying D. stay

20. Atoll are coral islands made up of _________ reef surrounding a lagoon. A. a rings shape C. shaped like a ring B. a ring-shaped D. having the shape of a ring

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21. I heard them _________ A. to cry C. cry B. cried D. to crying

22. I think the temperature control needs _________ A. be adjusted C. to be adjusted B. adjusted D. to adjusting it

23. They cant consider _________ a new car before _________ the old one. A. to buy/selling C. to buy/to sell 24. They were seen _________ the bus. A. get off C. get B. to get off D. getting B. buying/selling D. buying/to sell

25. You must learn to work hard and _________ money. A. saving C. saved B. save D. to save

26. The _________ man could see the _________ red lights of the ambulance. A. injured/flashed C. injuring/flashing B. injured/flashing D. injuring/tlashed

27. What I like is _________ in the sea and then _________ on the warm sand. A. to swim/to lie C. to swim/to laying 28. My teacher had to ask them _________. A. stopping/to play C. stop/to playing B. to stop/playing D. stop/to play
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B. swimming/laying D. to swim/lying

Choose the correct sentence (Hy chn cu ng). 29. A. He uses the attachments on his U.S. Army knife to magnify small items, file his nails, and to measure insects he finds. B. He uses the attachments on his U.S. Army knife to magnify small items, fle his nails, and measuring insects he finds. C. He uses the attachments on his U.S. Army knife to magnify small items, filing his nails, and measuring insects he finds. D. He uses the attachments on his U.S. Army knife to magnify small items, to file his nails, and to measure insects he finds. 30. A. Humid air is responsible for encouraging mildew, to wrap wood, and to rust metal. B. Humid air is responsible for encouraging mildew, wrapping wood, and rusting metal. C. Humid air is responsible for encouraging mildew, wrapping wood, and for rusting metal. D. Humid air is responsible for encouraging mildew, to wrap wood, and rust metal.

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P N 8
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. B. Sau mt s tnh t din t cm xc nh sorry, glad..., ta dng infinitive: to hear thay cho hearing. D. Sau gii t (of) ta cn mt gerund. B. Dng nguyn mu to start thay cho starting. C. Dng nguyn mu to push thay cho for pushing song hnh vi to grade. B. Sau ng t allow, ta khng dng gerund m l mt infinitive: to yell thay vo v tr ny v ng thi song hnh vi ng t scream k tip. C. Sau mt gii t, ta khng th dng dng nguyn mu (watch). Hnh thc ng v tr ny l mt gerund: watching. A. Dng built thay cho building. Cm phn t built in 1772 thay cho mnh which was built in 1772. B. Mt infinitive bao gm t to cng vi ng t cn bn. Hai phn ny c mi quan h ht sc thn mt (close-knit), khng th x ngh r n nn vic trng t immediately nhy vo gia to fly nh trong cu ny l phm lut split ininitive (chia r infinitive). 9. C. Sau mt gii t (for) ta khng dng nguyn mu. Thay refusing vo ch refuse. Insects (which are) called termites... 11. B. Thay her wanting vo ch her want. 12. C. Dng infinitive sau only din t mt kt qu ng tht vng. Thay dying bng to die. 13. B. Thay listening bng to listen song hnh vi to share v to love. 14. C. Phi dng hnh thc qu kh phn t ca cause - tc caused - v tr ny. Ngha thc s y l which is caused. 15. B. Nguyn mu kp (perfect infinitive) din t mt s vic xy ra trc mt s vic khc trong qu kh: ta thm to trc have seen. 16. C. Dng infinitive ch mc ch, tc gii thch ti sao hnh ng xy ra: y l how to play the violin. 17. D. S dng mt infinitive trong chc nng trng t b ngha cho tnh t easy. 18. B. Ta dng infinitive sau danh t c nh phm cp so snh cao nht, y l the first student'.
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10. B. Danh t insects i hi mt cm ng tnh t (participial phrase) hnh thc th ng:

19. D. Sau would rather, ta dng nguyn mu khng to. 20. B. Mt phn t kp (ring-shaped) c th dng lm b ngha cho mt danh t. p n A sai v mt cm danh t s hu khng th dng nh mt t b ngha cho mt danh t khc (reef). C sai v mt ng t chnh (shaped) khng th theo sau mt gii t (of). D sai ng php v khng th dng mt cm ng t trc mt danh t b ngha cho n. 21. C. Sau ng t cm quan nh hear, ta dng nguyn mu khng c to. 22. C. p n ny ng vi cu trc: need + passive infinitive. 23. B. Sau ng t consider v sau gii t (before) ta u dng gerund. 24. B. D sau ng t cm quan nh see, nhng v see dng th th ng nn li cn n infinitive c to. 25. D. ng t nguyn mu to save lm b ng cho ng t learn v li song hnh vi to work. 26. B. Dng qu kh phn t injured m t nhng g xy ra vi ngi n ng: ci g lm ng b thng. Dng hin ti phn t flashing m t nhng ci n ang lm g: n ang chp le sng. 27. A. Dng hai ng t nguyn mu lm b tc t cho ng t is v khp vi lut song hnh. 28. B. Sau ng t ask, ta cn mt nguyn mu c to v sau stop th ta li cn mt gerund. 29. D. Dng ht c 3 phn lit k cui cu bng infinitive hp vi lut song hnh. 30. B. C 3 phn lit k u dng gerund. y cn lu , cng nh p n D ca cu 29, nu ta dng to th hoc dng ht cho c 3, hoc ch dng cho phn lit k u tin v lc b to ca nhng lit k sau, nu dng 2 to l khng ng. p n C ri vo trng hp ny: dng 2 for.

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BI 9 WORD FORMS (CC DNG T LOI)

Trong cc bi thi trc nghim thng c vi cu lin quan n word forms. y l loi cu hi thuc dng nhn din im sai st (error identification). Hu ht cc im sai st ny tp trung vo 2 dng: Dng mt t loi ny vo v tr ng ra l phi s dng t loi khc. Th d nh dng mt danh t ti mt v tr ng ra theo ng php, phi l tnh t; dng trng t thay v tnh t... What is the different between the new model and the old one? (Sai) C s khc bit g gia m hnh mi v c? Tnh t different ng v tr ny l sai, phi thay bng danh t difference. His writing style is excessive formal. (Sai) Vn phong ca ng y trang trng thi qu. V tr ca tnh t excessive phi c thay bng trng t excessively b ngha cho tnh t formal (phn s dng ln ln gia tnh t v trng t c cp trong bi 5: Adjective and adverb usage). Dng mt hnh thc khc ca cng mt t loi; chng hn cng lin quan n ng ngha sng to, ta c nhiu danh t: creation (s sng to); creativity, creativeness (tnh sng to, c sng to); creature (vt c sng to); creator (ngi sng to). Our leadership told us what to do. (Sai) v tr ny cng l danh t nhng l leader (ngi lnh o) ch khng phi danh t leadership (s lnh o): Our leader told us what to do (V lnh o bo chng ti nhng g cn lm). A sudden freezing can destroy citrus crop in Florida. Mt t bng gi bt thn c th ph hy v ma cam qut Florida. Danh t freeze cn c thay vo v tr ca danh ng t freezing. Khi bin tp hay sa bi, gio vin hay bin tp vin thng vit k hiu w.f. (wrong word form) mt bn t dng sai.

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Mt trong nhng cch nhn din v phn bit 4 t loi quan trng nht trong Anh ng (ng t, danh t, tnh t v trng t) l cn c vo hu t - suffix (hay cn gi l tip v ng) ca chng: 1. Danh t: Hu t -age -al -dom -ery -ism -logy -ness -sion -tion Th d village refusal freedom discovery tourism technology happiness division conversation Hu t -acy -ance -ence -hood -ity -ment -ship -th -tude Th d privacy importance difference neighborhood activity government relationship length attitude

Mt s hu t ca danh t ni v ngi: -ant -ent -ian -ist 2. ng t: Hu t -ate -ify Th d estimate simplify Hu t -en -ise (ngi M vit: -ize) 3. Tnh t: Hu t -able -ant -ent -ful Th d comfortable resistant sufficient beautitul Hu t -al -ate -esque -ia! Th d national moderate picturesque initial
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servant student politician chemist

-ee -er -ic -or

refugee reporter comic governor

Th d strengthen organise

-ible -ical -ish -ive -ly -ous 4. Trng t: Hu t -ally -ward(s)

eligible political prudish creative friendly famous

-ic -ile -ious -less -ory -y

poetic sterile obvious stainless sensory funny

Th d basically backward(s)

Hu t -ly -wise

Th d quickly crabwise

Rt nhiu t thng dng xut pht t mt t cn, t gc (root) m ra. Di y l mt s t tham kho: ng t - admire - beautify - create Danh t admiration, admirer beauty creator, creation, creature, creativity - differ - emphasise (Ngi M vit emphasize) - glorify - harm - prohibit - simplify glory harmfulness prohibition simplicity, simplification glorious harmful prohibitive simple gloriously harmfully prohibitively simply difference emphasis different emphatic differently emphatically creative creatively beautiful beautifully Tnh t admirable Trng t admirably

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BI TP 9
Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 1. In North American cultural, men do not kiss men when meeting each other. They shake A hands. D 2. 3. 4. David is a Computer technical who knows how to fix computer equipment. A A A 5. B C B C B C D D D His sister believes in him and knowledge he would never hurt anyone. The surgery, Harry Blackstone, gave me an 80 percent chance of making a full recovery but only a 50 percent chance of playing football again. The only objects with more distance orbits are the long period comets, which are not A regarded as members of the Solar System. C 6. A photographer and editorial. C 7. 8. 9. A A A A B B B C C D C
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D B

First specializing in industrial photography, William later became a famous news

D B C D D

Mathematics have taken centuries to develop the methods that we now use in arithmatic. Transfer taxes are imposed on the sell or exchange of stocks and bonds. A good carpentry must possess a wide variety of skills.

10. Although the social sciences different a great deal from one another, they share a common

interest in human relationships. D 11. Before my father passed away, he had already seen the succeed of his children. A A B C A Americas immigrants. D 14. There were several interested seminars where he picked up some useful information. A A B A A A B A accepting an improper principal. D 20. Strauss, a Jewish refugee from Germany, was a brilliant philosophy and a magnetic teacher. A B C D B B C B B C C C C D D D D C D 15. Married customs differ greatly from society to society. 16. Your father is feeling freely and easy today, so you can ask him for money. 17. His explanation was detailed; he was emphasize about the need to cut expenses. 18. Why he left home without saying where he was going is still a mysterious. 19. Whenever we officially recognize a govemment that abuses its own citizens, we are tacitly B C D B C D 12. Alike all other higher primates, gorillas have nails, not claws. 13. For 62 years, Ellis Island in New York Bay served as the main point of enter for millions of

Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t hoc cm t [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 21. They called on Serbian leaders to stop deceiving Yugoslav _______ and backed a peacekeeping force in Kosovo.
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A. person C. personal A. alike C. like experienced climbers. A. enormous C. enormousness A. theoretician C. theorist A. preside C. presidency A. glority C. glorious A. simply C. simplicity A. politics/politicians C. politicians/politics room. A. leadership/lying C. leader/lying A. beautiul/clearance C. beauty/clearance

B. people D. personable B. likely D. unlikely

22. The twins are _______ in looks but not in personality.

23. The _______ of the Mount Everest expedition has staggered even the most organized and B. enormously D. enormity B. theory D. theoretcal B. president D. presidential B. glory D. gloriously B. simple D. simplify B. political/politicians D. politicians/political

24. Darwins _______ of evolution is based on the survival of the fittest creatures.

25. A great deal was accomplished during his _______.

26. The candidate accepted the _______winning the presidency.

27. The repair can be made _______with just a screwdriver.

28. This country needs fewer _______ and less _______.

29. Before he shot the _______, John reportedly spent several days _______ around his hotel B. leadership/laying D. leader/laying B. beautiful/clear D. beauty/clear
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30. The countryside is _______ and uncluttered there, and the night sky is so _______.

P N 9
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A. Cultural l tnh t, trong khi v tr ny phi l danh t: culture. A. Cn thay danh t technician (k thut vin) vo v tr tnh t technical. C. v tr ny phi l ng t knows (ngi th 3 s t) thay cho danh t knowledge. A. Surgery l danh t hm ngha: khoa phu thut, trong khi v tr ny, ta cn mt danh t lin quan n ng v ng (appositive) Harry Blackstone, l surgeon (nh phu thut). A. Tnh t distant cn thay vo v tr ca danh t distance. D. Tnh t editorial y hm ngha: (thuc v) ta son. Editorial trong chc nng danh t th c ngha: bi x lun; trong khi cu ny, ta cn mt danh t ch ngh nghip nn phi dng danh t editor (bin tp vin) mi ng. 7. 8. 9. A. Mathematics - ton hc - l tn mt ngnh hc nn s t. Do , v tr ny phi l mathematicians (nhng nh ton hc). C. v tr ny phi l danh t sale thay v ng t sell. A. Danh t carpenter (ngi th mc) thay cho danh t carpentry (ngh mc) mi hp ngha ca cu. 10. B. Vi tr ny phi l ng t differ. 11. D. Dng sai: danh t success thay cho ng t succeed. 12. A. Alike thng c dng trong mu cu A and B are alike... ch khng dng bt u mt cu hay mnh . Cu trc thng dng dng ch s tng t, s ging nhau l Like X, Y... nn ta thay like vo v tr alike. 13. B. Sau mt gii t nh of chng hn, ta cn dng mt danh t thay v ng t: thay ng t enter bng danh t entry. 14. B. Interesting thay v interested. 15. A. Danh t marriage cn thay cho phn t married. Marriage customs l mt danh t kp. Con ngi c th mairried ch customs th khng. 16. B. Freely l trng t (ng lm khi ngh freely song hnh vi easy pha sau, v easy l tnh t), nn phi thay tnh t free vo v tr ny (theo sau linking verb l feeling). 17. C. Tnh t emphatic cn thay vo v tr ny. 18. D. Thay danh t mystery vo v tr tnh t mysterious.

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19. D. Danh t principal c ngha: ngi ng u, hiu trng; y ta cn danh t principle vi ngha: nguyn tc. 20. C. v tr ny l mt danh t, nhng theo ngha ca cu th phi l philosopher (trit gia) ch khng phi danh t philosophy (trit hc, trit l). 21. B. 22. A. 23. C. v tr ny, ta cn mt danh t. Trong 4 p n, ch c C v D l danh t. Cu ny cp n kch c ca ni Everest, tc s hng v, to ln nn cn danh t enormousness hn l danh t enormity (tnh tn c, man r). 24. B. 25. C. 26. B. 27. A. 28. C. Trc ht, ta chn mt cp t loi hp vi lut song hnh; y l cp danh t. Nh vy, ta loi ngay cu B v D v c tnh t political. Cn li A v C. Ta khng t mt danh t din t khi nim nh politics (chnh tr) sau few (mt vi, mt t) nn p n hp l l C: fewer politicians, less politics. 29. C. 30. B. Cn mt tnh t song hnh vi uncluttered v mt tnh t ng sau so: ch c B p ng.

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BI 10 PREPOSITIONS (GII T)
Vic tm ra nhng sai st v s dng gii t l mt trong nhng phn kh nht khi gii cc cu hi ca bi thi trc nghim ting Anh. Trong bi ny, chng ta cp n cc vn thng gp trong cc thi trc nghim nh sau: 1. Cch dng gii t. Phn bit mt s gii t thng dng. Nhng li thng gp khi chn dng gii t.

Cch dng gii t. Gii t lm chc nng ni lin danh t (hoc t tng ng danh t - noun equivalent) vi mt vi thnh phn khc ca cu. Hin nay ting Anh c khong 70 gii t n (cha k cc gii t kp). thng l nhng t ngn v cho d s lng gii t khng nhiu, nhng c th ni n xut hin trong hu ht cc cu ting Anh v gy khng t kh d cho ngi s dng Anh ng. Gii t c s dng theo cc cch sau y: Trong cc mnh trng t ch thi gian, ni chn v cc mi quan h khc: in the moming, on Grant Avenue, before dinner... Sau mt s danh t: a reason for, a solution to... Sau mt s tnh t v phn t: different from, disappointed in... Sau mt s ng t: rely on, refer to... Trong cc c ng, thnh ng: on occasion, in general... Mt cm gii t (prepositional phrase) bao gm mt gii t v c theo sau bng mt cu trc danh t (danh t, i t hoc cm danh t). Nhng cm gii t ny thng ng vai tr nh nhng tnh t hay trng t, nn chng c th b ngha cho cc danh t, ng t hoc vi thnh phn khc trong cu. Danh t hay tng ng ca danh t i ngay sau gii t gi l b ng ca gii t. Nhng gii t c trng i theo cc t loi khc: Mt im rt quan trng l chng ta phi nm vng nhng gii t no thng i theo sau mt s danh t, tnh t, ng t...
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Khng phi l quy nh m l nhng nh vn v din gi ni ting s dng chng nh th v nay tr thnh thng dng. Vic s dng cho ng gii t khng phi l vic d dng v cch dng chng khng th suy din l hp l hay khng, m ty thuc vo thng l c t lu. Mi ngn ng c cch dng gii t khc nhau v chng ta phi hc theo cch ngi Anh dng chng, ch khng phi theo cch chng ta ngh phi l nh vy. Mt khi nghi ng g v mt gii t i theo mt t khc hoc ng ngha c th thay i th chng ta cn phi tham kho t in. Di y l mt s t + gii t i theo thng gp v cng c tn s xut hin cao trong cc thi trc nghim ting Anh: Verb + prepositions: - account for (gii thch) - approve of (tn thnh) - believe in (tin tng vo) - combine with (kt hp vi) - deal with (i ph, cp n) - depend on (l thuc vo) - insist on (khng khng i) - refer to (tham kho, bt ngun) - search for (tm kim) Noun + prepositions: - attention to (s ch ti) - component of (b phn ca) - cure for (s cha tr, phng thuc) - demand for (s i hi) - expert on (chuyn gia v) - improvement in (ci thin v) - infuence on (c nh hng i vi) - need for (s cn thit) - process of (cch thc, qu trnh) - reference to (s tham kho) - solution to (gii php, s gii quyt) - combination of (s kt hp vi) - concept of (khi nim v) - decrease in (s gim st v) - adjust to (iu chnh, thch nghi) - attribute to (cho l) - belong to (thuc v) - consist of (gm c) - decide on (quyt nh lm g) - engage in (tham gia vo) - interfere with (can thip vo) - rely on (tin cy vo, da vo) - withdraw from (rt ra khi)...

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- exception to (bit l i vi) - group of (tp, nhm) - increase in (s gia tng v) - interest in (quan tm ti) Adjective/Participle + prepositions: - acceptable to (c th chp nhn) - acquainted with (quen vi) - based on (cn c vo) - close to (gn vi) - dependent on (da vo, n theo) - disappointed in/with (tht vng) - eligible for ( t cch, c quyn) - familiar with (quen thuc) - next to (tip sau, n ngay sau) - opposite to (i din, i nhau) - related to (c lin quan, c quan h) - satisied with (hi lng, tha mn)

- problem with (c vn ) - reason for (l do) - result of (kt qu) - variety of (nhiu th, loi)...

- accustomed to (quen vi) - afraid of (lo s) - capable of (c nng lc, ti nng) - composed of (bao gm, gm c) - different from (khc vi) - divided into (chia ra) - equal to ( sc, kh nng) - famous for (ni ting) - opposed to (chng li, tng phn) - pleased with (hi lng) - responsible for (chu trch nhim) - suitable for (thch hp)

V hnh thc, gii t khng bao gi thay i, cho d chng ng bt c v tr no trong cu. Gii t c cc hlnh thc: Gii t n, ch c mt t. y l nhng gii t thng dng nht: in, on, to, with... Gii t kp lin, c to thnh bng cch ghp 2 gii t n li vi nhau hoc bng cch thm tin t be, a: within, into, throughout, before, against... Gii t kp ri gm 2 hay 3 t: because of, according to, in order to... Gii t phn t, l nhng gii t do phn t m c: concerning, during... Cm gii t, gm 2 phn: gii t v b ng ca gii t: under the table, according to scientific principles... Gii t c phn thnh nhiu loi: gii t ch thi gian (after, before, about, at, till, to, from, during...); gii t ch ni chn (behind, beside, between, above, down, in...); gii t
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ch mc ch (in order to, for...); gii t ch nguyn nhn (because of, thanks to, through, with...); gii t ch s chuyn ng (from, to, through, toward, towards, across...) 2. Phn bit mt s gii t thng dng: 2.1. At, in v on: Khi l gii t ch thi gian, 3 t ny c dng nh sau: at dng cho mt im thi gian rt ngn nh: at five oclock; at midnight... (Vo lc 5 gi; lc na m...). On dng trc thi gian di hn nh ngy, nh: on Sunday; on Monday; on November 17th; on Christmas Day... (Vo ngy Ch nht; vo ngy th Hai; vo ngy 17 thng 11, vo ngy Ging Sinh...). In dng cho mt khong thi gian: in the morning; in November; in winter; in 1949 (Vo bui sng; vo thng 11; vo ma ng; vo nm 1949 ) Ngoi l: At Christmas; at Easter (khi ngi ta m ch c ma Ging Sinh, ma Phc Sinh ch khng ni ch ring mt ngy ). Ngi ta ni on the morning/afternoon/evening ca mt ngy nht nh no . Th d: On the morning of the 4th of July... Khi l gii t ch ni chn, ta phi phn bit gia at v in nh sau: at dng vi nhng a im nh nh: at an address ( mt a ch), at a certain point (mt im no ), at home ( nh), at work ( ni lm vic) in dng vi nhng ni ln hn nh: In a country (trong mt nc), in a city (thnh ph), in a village (lng, x), in a square (qung trng), in a street (khu ph), in a forest (rng)... Tuy nhin, chng ta c th ni: -We are at a square (Chng ti ti mt qung trng) vi ngha l Chng ti t chn n . Vi mt ta nh, vn phng... th khi dng at c ngha l trong, bn ngoi, bn cnh . Cn in th ch c mt ngha duy nht l trong ta nh, vn phng... m thi. 2.2. Among v between: C hai u c ngha l gia, nhng between l gia hai ngi, hai vt, cn among l gia nhiu ngi, nhiu vt. Between you and me, this contract is never going to be signed.

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Gia anh v ti, bn hp ng ny s khng bao g c k kt. The reward money was divided among the three families who supplied clues to the police department. Mn tin thng c chia gia 3 gia nh cung cp manh mi cho s cnh st. 2.3. To v till/until: u c ngha l n, cho n khi. To c th dng ch thi gian v ni chn, cn till v until ch dng cho thi gian. To v till dng ch thi gian. They work from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. They work frorn 8 a.m. till 4 p.m. H lm vic t 8 gi sng n 4 gi chiu. Nu nh khng dng from th ta cng khng dng to m ch t till trc thi gian sau cng. Th d: Lets start now and work till dark (Chng ta hy bt u by gi v lm vic cho n lc tri ti). Till/until thng dng trong cu ph nh nhn mnh s chm tr (lateness) hoc ch r mt thi im cui. We didnt sleep until midnight. Chng ti khng ng cho n na m. (V n lc , chng ti mi bt u ng). To dng ch ni chn. He goes to school every day. Anh y i hc mi ngy. 2.4. From, since v for: From c th dng ch thi gian v ni chn. Since ch dng cho thi gian, khng bao gi dng ch ni chn. Since c ngha t thi im cho n lc ni. Our company has been in business since 1986. Cng ty ca chng ti hot ng t nm 1986. Hoc:

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They moved from Denver to Houston. H di chuyn (dn nh) t Denver i Houston.

Hai gii t since v for u ch v thi gian, nhng c im d bit quan trng gia chng. For lun lun theo sau bng mt cm t ch mt khong thi gian (an amount of time) nh 1 nm, 3 thng, 2 tun, 5 gi... chng hn, trong khi theo sau since l mt cm t ch mc thi gian (a point in time) nh nm 2004, thng 6, last year,... David has lived here for 6 years. David sng y 6 nm. (By gi cn sng ). 2.5. During v for: Nh trn ni, for c dng cho mt khong thi gian v tr li cu hi: bao lu? Gii t for thng c theo sau bng mt danh t s t c mo t bt nh a hay an, bng mt danh t s nhiu, mt tnh t ch s hoc trng t ever (mi mi). Th d: for a long time; for years; for six days; for ever... During c t trc mt khong thi gian bit nn thng c theo st bng tn ca thi k (the Middle Ages: thi Trung c; the Easter: ma Phc Sinh...) hoc bng the, this, that, these, those.... During m ch n trong khong thi gian y hay sut thi gian y v tr li cu hi When? (Khi no?). David went to France for three years. During that time he studied French. David i Php 3 nm. Trong thi gian y, anh ta nghin cu ting Php. 3. Nhng li thng gp khi chn dng gii t: 3.1. Trnh dng gii t khng cn thit: l kiu dng 2 gii l cng lc v cnh nhau. Nn nh, trong hu ht cc trng hp, ch cn mt gii t l . Take your feet off of the table. (Sai). Take your feet off the table. (ng). Hy b chn bn ra khi bn. 3.2. Ln ln gia gii t v trng t: Hai t loi ny thng c hnh thc ging nhau. Do , phn bit, ta phi cn c vo chc nng ca chng trong cu. Ci d nhn din nht

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l: gii t bao gi cng c mt b ng l danh t (hoc tng ng danh t) i theo, cn trng t th khng c b ng. 3.3. Dng sai gii t: Mt s gii t thng b dng sai do ngi vit lm ln sang ngha ca gii t khc. Except vi besides chng hn. Gii t except c ngha l tr ra, khng k trong khi besides c thm ngha cng thm na, vi, k c. 3.4. Lc b hay khng lc b gii t: Trong nhiu trng hp, vic loi b gii t rt hp l v n khng thay i ng ngha ca cu. A fly can move more than 10 kilometers (in) a day. Mt con rui c th bay 10 km (trong) mt ngy. Ngha ca cu ny chng h thay i cho d c gii t in hay khng. Vic lc b l hp l. Tuy nhin, chng ta cn phi lu vic phi dng gii t trong nhiu trng hp th cu vn mi ng ng php. Would you like to come over my house on Sunday? Would you like to come over to my house on Sunday? Bn c thch n nh ti vo ngy Ch Nht khng? 3.5. Dng sai cc mu cu from... to... v between... and... : C hai mu cu ny u thng dng khi ch mt khong thi gian (bt u v kt thc). Chng cng c dng ch cc mi quan h v khng gian v cc mi quan h khc. He lived in Denver between 2004 and 2006. Anh y sng Denver khong t nm 2004 n 2006. This road ran from Los Angeles to San Francisco. Con ng ny chy t Los Angeles n San Francisco. im cn ch l mt s ngi vit sai khi din t khong thi gian gia cc nm. Chng hn, thay v vit ng l between 2004 and 2006, h li vit sai thnh between 2004 to 2006. Mt s ngi li c kiu vit between 2004-2006 m ng ra, trong kiu vit ny, t between cn phi lc b ch cn 2004-2006. Trong vn vit chnh thc, cu ny thiu gii t to trc my house. Ta cn vit li:

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BI TP 10
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t hoc cm t [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 1. New York is famous ________ its skyscrapers. A. of C. to 2. A. with C. of 3. Shes lived here ________ 2001. A. since C. during 4. A. in C. with 5. A. in C. on 6. She holds an opinion contrary ________ mine. A. to C. for 7. A. of C. with 8. B. with D. about B. in D. on B. in D. about B. of D. to B. of D. to B. for D. about B. to D. for

The library is close ________ the learning resource center.

You will be satisfied ________ your decision to follow the career you enjoy.

Our bonuses are dependent ________ good profits.

The cook insists ________ the finest meat and fish.

A driver involved in a road accident ________ which four members of a family were killed is seeking damages from the girl orphaned by the crash. A.to C. by B.for D. in B. of

9.

They look shelter in a store ________ the rainstorm. A. for

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C. to 10. Michael didnt get home ________ 2 a.m. A. till C. until A. in C. at A. for C. on A. above C. over A. of C. at A. of C. for

D. during B. to D. A or C B. on D. of B. at D. in B. on D. at B. for D. in B. to D. about

11. The terrorists attacked ________ the morning of the 1lth of September 2001.

12. Michael waited ________ the bus stop for over thirty minutes.

13. There were ________ 400 people at their daughters wedding.

14. Shes perfectly capable ________ running her business.

15. Her husband is famous ________ his works of charity.

Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 16. They can rely to Southemers never to agree about politics, religion or barbecuing. A A A range of mountains in North America that runs from east and west for its entire length. C D B B C C D D B 17. During the summer, my son is usually not interested with anything on TV. 18. The Uinta Mountain range of Northeastern Utah - part of the Rocky Mountains - is the only

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19. I had to choose between going to the Festival, ice skating, and having dinner with my A girlfriend. 20. The main divisions of geologic time, called eras, are subdivided to periods. A A A B C B C B D C D D 21. Quinine, cinnamon, and other useful substances are all derived of the bark of trees. 22. He differed from his wife about where to go on their vacation this summer, so they compromised and stayed home. 23. The relationship among the twins is different from that among the other three children. A A B A the top few inches. 26. Have you ever dealt for this company before? A B C A A D 29. Your contribution for the DNC will help our party rebuild our organizaion at the grassroots A level. 30. Dorothy is more concerned of the behaviour of Williamt who is off his food and acting A strangely. B C D B C D B D B C D C 27. The clothes they are wearing seem to belong in just the right period. 28. And what does one do in the case of a roommate or friend who has an apparent problem of drugs or alcohol, or an eating disorder. B B C C D D C D 24. According the teacher, all homework must be handed in on time. 25. To clear deep snow off of a sidewalk or driveway, shovel the snow in layers, starting with B C D

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P N 10
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. B. B. A. C. C. A. D. D. D.

10. D. 11. B. 12. B. 13. C. 14. A. 15. C. 16. A. Gii t on - thay v to - theo sau ng t rely. 17. C. Gii t in - thay cho with - theo sau interested. 18. C. To thay cho and v tr ny hp vi cu trc from... to... 19. B. Thay between bng among v ch ng c ti 3 chn la. 20. D. Vi ng t subdivide th gii t into l cn thit. 21. C. Gii t from c dng sau ng t derived thay v of. 22. A. Differ from c ngha: khng ging, khc (be unlike); differ with c ngha: bt ng kin, khng ng (disagree) nn v tr ny phi l with. 23. A. Thay among bng between. 24. A. Thm gii t to sau according. According to... 25. A. Tha gii t of y. 26. B. Thay gii t for bng with. 27. B. Sau ng t belong ta dng gii t to. 28. C. Gii t with theo sau danh t problem thay v of.

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29. A. Gii t to theo sau danh t contribution thay v for. 30. B. Concerned with thay cho concerned of.

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BI 11 CONJUNCTIONS AND CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS (LIN T V TRNG T LIN KT)

CONJUNCTIONS (LIN T): L nhng t dng ni cc t, nhm t, cc mnh li vi nhau. Lin t khng thay i hnh thc cho d chng xut hin bt c v tr no trong cu. Lin t c chia lm 3 loi: 1. Lin t kt hp (coordinating conjunctions). Lin t tng quan hay tng lin (correlative conjunctions). Lin t ph thuc (subordinating conjunctions).

Lin t kt hp: Gm 7 lin t: and (v), but (nhng m), or (hoc), so (v th, th l), for (bi v), yet (nhng m, tuy th), nor (v...khng, m...cng khng); trong , ba lin t c s dng nhiu nht l: and, but, or. Nhng lin t ny lin kt cc thnh phn trong cu vi iu kin l mi thnh phn phi theo lut cu trc song song (parallel construction), ngha l chng phi tng ng nhau v mt ng php - k c chc nng ln hnh thc. d nh, chng ta c th ch cn nh n BOY FANS, tc ch tt (acronym) ghp ch u ca 7 t ni trn m thnh: B Y But Yet F A N S For And Nor So Th d - David and John were late to the party. David v John d tic tr. - I cant afford to buy a car, nor can you. Ti khng kh nng mua xe hi, anh cng th. O Or

Mc ch s dng - Thm vo, cng vo - Thm vo s ph nh

Lin t and nor

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- Ch s tng phn, i nghch - Hu qu hp l - S la chn

but, yet for, so or

- The dog barked but wagged his tail. Con ch sa nhng li ve vy ui. - Helen left early, so I left with her. Helen b i sm, nn ti i theo. - You can so today or tomorrow. Anh c th i hm nay hoc ngy mai.

Lu : Mt lin t dng lin kt 2 mnh thng c mt du phy (comma) t trc n, nhng nu mnh ngn th c th lc b. Lin t so v for ch dng ni cc cu n, khng dng lin kt cc t v cm t. 2. Lin t tng quan hay tng lin: C nhim v tng t nh lin t kt hp, nhng v hnh thc, chng chia lm hai thnh phn hay cn gi l mt cp t. Nhng lin t tng quan thng dng gm c: - either... or... - neither... nor... - not only... but (also)... - both... and... - whether... or... 3. Lin t ph thuc: Dng gii thiu cc mnh ph (subordinate clauses), tc ni mt mnh ph vi mt mnh chnh. Mt s lin t ph thuc thng dng gm: -After (sau khi) -Although (mc d, du cho) -Until (cho n khi) -Since (v, v rng, t) -As (bi v, tuy rng, lc, nh l) -As if (y nh th, nh th l) -Before (trc khi) -Unless (tr phi, nu khng) -If (nu, gi nh) -Because (bi v) -As long as (khi no m) -While (trong lc, trong khi) (hoc... hoc...) (khng... v cng khng...) (khng nhng... m cn...) (va... va...; c... ln...) (nn chng... hay...)

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-Where ( ni m) -Whenever (h khi no, bt c lc no)

-When (khi, lc, khi m) -Wherever (bt c ni u)...

Lin t loi ny m u, gii thiu cho mnh ph v mnh c th ng vai tr nh mt ch ng, mt b ng, mt tnh t hay trng t. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS (TRNC T LIN KT): Nhng ngi vit vn gii thng th hin s chuyn i t tng ny qua tng khc mt cch ti tnh gip ngi c khng b ngt qung lung t tng ca h. Mt trong nhng phng php m cc nh vn p dng l dng cc trng t lin kt ni lin cc mnh c lp. Chng cng lm nhim v ca mt trng t khi b ngha cho mt trong nhng mnh c lp. l nhng trng t nh: first (trc tin), however (d th no, luy nhin), likewise (tng t, cng th)... Chng ng vai tr nh cc bin ch ng (signpost) dn ngi c d dng i t tng ny qua tng kia. Mt s trng t lin kt thng dng: - Afterwards (sau ny, ri th) - Besides (ngoi ra, hn na, v li) - Eventually (cui cng) - For example/for instance (th d, chng hn) - Instead (thay v, ng l l) - Likewise (hn na, v li) - Next (sau, tip sau) - Otherwise (cch khc, v mt khc) - Then (ri th, hi y) - Thus (nh vy, nh th) .......... Nhng trng t lin kt ch ni cc mnh c lp v thng c du chm phy (semicolon) pha trc v du phy (comma) pha sau nhng trng t ny. - Therefore (v th) - Unfortunately (khng may, ng tic) - Later (v sau) - Nevertheless (tuy nhin) - Now (by gi) - Still (vn cn, hn na) - Anyway (d sao, t nht) - Consequently (do , bi vy) - Finally (cui cng, rt cuc) - However (d sao, tuy vy, song)

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I arrived late; furthermore, I forgot my wallet. Ti n tr; hn th na, ti li qun v tin.

Nu hai mnh c lp qu ngn hay c quan h gn gi, chng ta c th ch s dng mt du phy trc trng t lin kt (thay cho du chm phy) v b du phy pha sau. Lu : Sau then thng khng dng du phy.

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BI TP 11
Choose the underlincd word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 1. 2. 3. 4. You must either leave for the movies immediately nor forget about going. A A Dorothy could not fnd A A reggae. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 Whether you stay at home and come with me, Im going to the party. A A A A My brother never attended the A A A roots. B B C D C D B B B B B C C D C D C D C D D William has so organized his life but his wife suspects nothing. William not only took three showers a day and washed his clothes twice. Michael and his brother was indicted yesterday on charges of grand theft. military parades in the city, but he hated war. B B C B C D C B D C D D This hair dryer dries my hair quickly and weighs too much. my house, or she called to ask for directions.

She enjoys either rap music and classical music; however, she doesnt like country or

10. Dorothy brought her wallet and forgot her checkbook. 11. All root vegetables grow underground, and not all vegetables that grow underground are

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Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t hoc cm t [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 12. ______ his real efforts, he failed to get the contract. A. In spite of C. Though A. nor C. or Colorado winters. A. but C. or 15. He has ______ friends nor relatives to help him. A. either C. not A. despite C. and 17. ______ the coach nor the players were indicted. A. Either C. Both 18. She said that she would pay, ______ she didnt. A. yet C. moreover A. yet C. therefore A. however C. moreover B. and D. so B. so D. and B. consequently D. nevertheless B. Neither D. Whether B. both D. neither B. although D. nor B. and D. nor B. Although D. B or C B. to D. otherwise

13. Drills are tools that are used either to cut ______ enlarge holes in hard materials.

14. Many of the settlers had never farmed before, ______ were they ready for the brutal

16. The concert went on ______ the lead singer was sick.

19. This meeting lacks a quorum; ______, they will adjourn it until next week.

20. His car broke down; ______, he had to walk home.

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21. The discovery of gold in California created the gold rush; ______ the discovery of oil in Alaska created the oil rush. A. similarly C. in addition A. therefore C. and Dallas. A. for instance D. afterwards A. therefore D. besides A. because D. although A. Either/or D. Both/and A. for example D. in contrast species live there. A. There is D. Although A. likewise C. moreover B. In spite of D. Even B. furthermore D. otherwise B. for example D. but B. but D. however B. unless D. though B. Neither/nor D. Whether/or B. besides D. nonetheless B. however D. for example B. furthermore D. but

22. A college education may lead to a well-paying job, ______ it cannot guarantee success.

23. I stopped to visit my grandfather on my way to Texas; ______, I stayed with my friends in

24. I would like to buy a new house, ______ I will settle for an old one.

25. They enjoy Mr. Browns classes ______ he respects all his student.

26. ______ John ______ David are working in her bank.

27. He enjoys all kinds of sports; ______, he loves to play football.

28. ______ 70% of the Earths surface is covered by ocean, only about 20% of the Earths

29. You must pay your income tax on time; ______, you will be punished.

30. He lacks money to invest in improving his tools; ______, he is poor.

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A. instead C. similarly

B. therefore D. in addition

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P N 11
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. C. Cu trc ng l either... or nn ta thay nor bng or. C. Dng lin t but thay cho and v ng ngha ch s tng phn. B. Cu ny ni v mc ch nn ta dng lin t so thay v or. A. Cu trc ng l both... and nn ta thay either bng both. B. Cu trc ca cu l whether... or nn ta thay and bng or. C. Cu ny ch mc ch nn ta dng cu trc so... that: thay that vo ch ca but. C. Cu trc ca cu ny l not only... but also do vy, ta cn thay but also vo v tr ca and. A. y phi l lin t or v ng t theo sau hnh thc s t (was). C. Cu ny m ch nguyn nhn dn n hu qu nn ta dng lin t for thay v but. but thay v and. 11. C. Lin t but phi dng y din t s tng phn ca hai mnh . 12. A. Khng dng although hoc though trc mt cm danh t (noun group) m dng in spite of hoc despite. 13. C. Cu trc ng l either... or. 14. D. y m ch s thm vo mt ph nh vi ngha ... v cng khng... nn ta chn lin t nor. V li, ch c nor gii thiu mnh th mnh mi c s o ngc ch ng vi ng t: they were ready thnh were they ready. 15. D. 16. B. Hnh ng mnh th nht vn xy ra bt chp hon cnh ca mnh th hai (tng phn nhau) nn ta dng trng t lin kt although. Despite (p n A) khng dng gii thiu mt mnh . 17. B. 19 C. Vi cch t du chm cu nh th, ta cn v tr ny mt trng t lin kt biu th kt qu: therefore. 20. B. Chn consequently biu th kt qu. 21. A. Hai mnh biu th s tng t nn ta dng trng t lin kt similarly. 22. D. 23. C.

10. C. Thng tin mnh th hai tng phn vi mnh th nht nn ta phi dng lin t

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24. B. Hai mnh biu th s tng phn (hnh

ng ngc li) nn c th dng but hoc

however. Tuy nhin, nu dung trng t lin kt however th trc n cn c mt du chm phy v pha sau n l mt du phy; v th, ta chn lin t but. 25. A. Mnh th hai gii thch l do ti sao h thch cc lp hc ca ng Brown nn ta dng lin t ph thuc because gii thiu mnh ny. 26. C. Ch c cu trc both... and mi ng thun vi ng t hnh thc s nhiu theo sau: are working. 27. A. Cu ny hm a ra th d nn ta chn for example l thch hp. p n C v D ch s tng phn, cn B ch s thm vo. 28. C. Cu ny c 2 mnh tng phn nhau nn mnh 1 cn c gii thiu bng mt adverb clause maker ch s tng phn. Maker chnh l although (hoc even though). Nu ta chn p n A th s hnh thnh 3 mnh khng lin kt nhau. In spite of ca B l gii t v ch dng trc mt danh t hoc cm danh t ch khng dng trc mt mnh . 29. D. Cu ny din t tng phn nn ta cn trng t lin kt otherwise. Cc p n kia hm hn na, thm na (furthermore, moreover) hoc s tng t (likewise). 30. B. Hm ca cu ni v nguyn nhn dn n hu qu nn ta dng trng t lin kt therefore l hp l.

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BI 12 WORD CHOICE - FREQUENTLY MISUSED WORDS (CHN DNG T - NHNG T THNG B DNG LN LN)
Hu ht cc sch ng php v cc sch luyn thi ting Anh u cp n vic chn dng t (cn gi l diction) cng nh c bit lu n vic dng ln ln t v cm t trong Anh ng. Cc thi trc nghim ting Anh thng lun c nhng cu hi lin quan n vn ny (cc bn nn tham kho thm T in Cch Dng Ting Anh [Dictionary of English Usage] ca tc gi L nh B vi nhng hng dn y chi tit cng nhiu th d minh ha). Ngoi mt s t c cp trong mt s bi nh gia cc cp ng t make/do, arise/rise, lay/lie, sit/set, cc cp trng t v tnh t well/good, badly/bad..., trong bi ny, chng ti chn gii thiu 30 cp t thng dng v c tn s xut hin cao trong cc thi. Nhng cp t ny thng b dng ln ln l do hoc cch pht m, cch vit tng t nhau, hoc do ngha tng ng nhau nhng ch c s dng trong nhng ng cnh tng ng. Nhng cp t ny c gii thiu theo th t A, B, C... cn c vo t u tin.

1.

Accept v except: L ng t, accept c ngha: chp nhn, nhn. Except c th l ng t, lin t hoc gii t nhng thng dng trong chc nng gii t vi ngha: tr ra, khng k. All the plaintiffs except Mr. Smith decided to accept the settlement offered by the defendant. Tt c cc nguyn n, tr ng Smith, quyt nh chp nhn gii php do b n ngh.

2.

Adapt v adopt: Adapt l lm cho thch hp, thch nghi (vi mi trng, tnh th...), cn adopt l nhn (ngi no) lm con nui, chn (ai) lm i din, tip nhn mt ci tn, mt phong tc. Adopt cn c ngha l thng qua, ph chun (mt ngh quyt, mt bo co...). He adapted quickly to his new job. Anh y nhanh chng thch nghi vi cng vic mi. They adopted three children whose parents were killed in the war. H nui 3 a tr m cha m b cht trong chin tranh.

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3.

Advice v advise: Advice l danh t vi ngha: li khuyn; cn advise l ng t c ngha: khuyn bo, cho ai li khuyn. Helens father advised her to become a teacher, but she ignored the advice. Cha ca Helen khuyn c nn tr thnh mt gio vin nhng c pht l li khuyn .

4.

Affect v effect: Affect l ng t vi ngha: nh hng ti, tc ng ti. L danh t, effect hm ngha: kt qu, hiu qu, tc dng. Effect cn lm chc nng ng t (nhng khng thng dng) vi ngha: em li, to nn. The Prime Ministers speech deeply affected me. Bi din vn ca Th tng nh hng su sc n ti. His appeal for mercy had no effect on the judge. Li khn khon xin khoan hng ca anh ta chng c hiu qu g vi quan ta.

5.

All ready v already: All ready (2 t vit ri) c dng nh tnh t vi ngha chnh l ca ready: (tt c) sn sng. Cn already l trng t c ngha: ... ri, trc y. We are all ready to leave for the airport. Tt c chng ti sn sng ra phi trng She has already packed her suitcase. C y cho hnh l vo va-li ca mnh ri.

6.

Beside v besides: Gii t beside c ngha: bn cnh (next to). Besides c th l gii t hoc trng t vi ngha: thm vo, ngoi ra, hn na. No one besides Michael knows whether the tree is still growing beside her house. Khng ai ngoi Michael bit c l liu cy c cn ln mnh bn cnh nh c y hay khng.

7.

Bring v take: Bring l mang ci g hay mang ai n vi ngi ni (speaker); cn take l mang i, ly i khi ni ngi ni. Please take my prescription to the pharmacist, and bring my medicine back to me.

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Xin mang toa thuc ny n ch dc s v em thuc v li cho ti. 8. Compliment v complement: c hai u l danh t v ng t. Compliment biu l s thn phc vi ngha: khen, li chc tng; cn complement l b sung, thm vo. He complimented me on my shirt. Anh ta khen ci o ca ti. The new lamps are a beautiful complement to the sitting-room. Nhng cy n mi lm phng khch p thm. 9. Continual v continuous: Continual thng m t hnh ng lp i lp li, m ch s vic ti din lin tc, rt nhanh v rt gn nhau, ch c mt khong cch nh hay gin on ngn hoc khng h b gin on. Continuous nhn mnh n tng l s vic lin tc khng ngng ngh, khng h b gin on. C hai u l tnh t nhng continual ch c th dng ng trc danh t, cn continuous c th t trc danh t hoc sau ng t. Their offices need a continuous supply of electricity. Cc vn phng ca h cn c cung cp in lin tc. Must I suffer your continual interruptions? Chng l ti c phi chu s ngt li lin hi ca anh hay sao? 10. Disinterested v uninterested: C hai u l tnh t. Disinterested c ngha: v t, bng quan, khng v li, khng thin v. Cn uninterested c ngha: th , lnh m, chng g. What we need here is a disinterested observer. Nhng g chng ta cn y l mt quan st vin v t. They were uninterested in the outcome of the trial. H chng quan tm n kt qu v x n. 11. Elicit v illicit: Elicit l ng t c ngha: lun ra, moi ra (thng tin, manh mi, s tht hay mt cu tr li). Cn illicit l tnh t vi ngha: bt hp php, lu, bt chnh. The police tried to elicit from the criminal the names of others involved in his illicit narco-trafficking.

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Cnh st c moi ra manh mi t phm nhn v danh tnh nhng ngi lin quan n v bun bn ma ty tri php ca anh ta. 12. Emigrate v immigrate: ng t emigrate c ngha: di c, tc l i ra khi mt nc; cn immigrate l nhp c, tc n mt nc no sinh sng. His family emigrated from Japan. Gia nh anh y di c t Nht Bn. Her grandparents immigrated to the USA from China. ng b ca c y t Trung Quc nhp c vo M. 13. Ever v never: Ever c dng sau mt t ph nh, chng hn nh not, hardly... cn never th khng dng vi mt t ph nh. Dont ever do that again! ng bao gi hnh ng nh th na. Ill never see you again. Em s chng bao gi gp li anh na. 14. Farther v further: Khi chng ta ni v khong cch a l, xa hn trong khng gian, thi gian, ta c th dng farther hoc further nhng farther thng dng hn khi ni v khong cch a l. Ring further cn dng ch nhng g thm vo, thm na. Her house is farther away than yours. Nh c y xa hn nh ca anh. I need further advice. Ti cn thm s gp . 15. Healthy v healthful: C hai u l tnh t ni v sc khe nhng cn lu : vt th lnh mnh, c li cho sc khe (healthful) ca con ngi, cn con ngi th khe mnh, c sc khe tt (healthy). Fresh green salads are healthful. Rau sng xanh ti l (thc n) c li cho sc khe. They had a healthy boy.

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H c mt b trai khe mnh. 16. Lend v loan: Trong vn vit chnh thc, loan c dng lm danh t cn lend lm ng t cng vi ngha l cho mn, cho vay. Please lend me your pen so that I may fill out this form for a loan. Lm n cho ti mn cy vit in mu n xin vay tin. 17. Less v fewer: Less c ngha: t hn, km hn; l hnh thc so snh bc hn ca little, thng dng trc cc danh t khng m c. Fewer l hnh thc so snh bc hn ca few, c dng trc cc danh t m c. This drink contains fewer calories. Thc ung ny cha t ca-lo hn. He makes less money at his new job. Anh y kim c t tin hn ti cng vic mi. 18. Many v much: Many v much rt thng dng trong vai tr tnh t. Many dng trc danh t m c, s nhiu; cn much dng trc danh t khng m c, s t. Many people eat too much sugar. Nhiu ngi n qu nhiu ng. 19. Number v amount: c hai u ch v s lng. Amount ni v s lng khng m c v thng cp n tng s, tng gi tr, khi lng ln. Amount thng i vi danh t khng m c s t. Ngc li, number cp n s lng c th m c v thng i vi danh t s nhiu, m c. d phn bit, ta nn nh l amount i cng nhm vi little, less, much cn number i cng nhm vi few, fewer, many. A small number of soldiers cleared a large amount of brush within 2 hours. Mt s t qun nhn dn sch mt lng ln bi cy trong 2 gi. 20. On time v in time: c hai u c ngha l ng gi, nhng on time th chnh xc, cn in time th trc thi im mt cht (m chng ta thng dch l: kp gi, ng lc). The train left on time, and he arrived just in time to catch it.

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Con tu ri ga ng gi v anh y n kp chuyn tu. 21. Percent v percentage: Percent dng sau mt con s cn percentage th khng. She gave me a discount of 15 percent off the regular price. C y gim cho ti 15% so vi gi thng l. What is the percentage of hydrogen in water? Hydro chim t l bao nhiu trong nc? 22. Precede v proceed: ng t precede c ngha: i trc, ng trc, n trc. Precede l mt t trang trng. Cn ng t proceed c ngha: tin hnh, tip tc, hnh ng. Trong ting Anh trang trng v trong cch vit truyn, proceed cn c ngha l i v mt hng no . A dead calm often precedes a hurricane. Mt s yn tnh ng s thng n trc mt cn bo. The plane stopped at Denver, then proceeded to Houston. My bay ngng Denver ri tip tc bay i Houston. 23. Seasonal v seasonable: c hai u l tnh t. Seasonal c ngha: tng ma, tng thi v, thay i theo ma, thuc v hoc lin quan n ma. Cn seasonable c ngha: hp thi v, ng thi tit trong nm, ng lc (timely). In December, shops sell seasonal items like Christmas wreaths and tree decorations. Vo thng 12, cc ca hiu bn cc mt hng thi v nh nhng trang tr trn cy Noel. Temperatures this week are expected to be seasonable. Nhit tun ny hy vng ng thi tit trong nm. 24. So v such: Mu cu thng dng ca so v such nh sau: so + adjective + that clause such + adjective + noun + that clause

Nh vy, trong trng hp tnh t ng vai tr thuc ng (ng trc danh t) th ta dng such ch khng dng so. Th d, ta ni Its so hot today (Tri hm nay nng qu) nhng

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nu ta dng thm danh t day sau hot th ta phi ni Its such a hot day today. Ta ni Its such terrible weather (Thi tit tht kinh khng) ch khng ni Its so terrible weather, mun dng so, ta phi ni The weather is so terrible. 25. Stationary v stationery: Stationary l tnh t c ngha: khng chuyn ng, ng mt ch. Cn stationery l danh t vi ngha: dng c vn phng, tc nhng th dng trong vn phng nh giy, vit, phong b... When the taxi was stationary at the light, David took out his stationery and jotted down something. Khi taxi ngng n tn hiu, David ly giy bt ra vit vi ci g . 26. Statue v statute: Statue c ngha: bc tng, tc l hnh ngi hay vt c lm bng , g hoc bng kim loi nh ng, hp kim... Cn statute c ngha: o lut, quy ch. The Statue of Liberty in New York was given to America by France. Tng N thn T do New York l do nc Php tng nc M. Some people are upset by the new statute governing the registration of vehicles. Mt s ngi lo lng vi quy ch mi v ng k xe. 27. Take place v occur: Cng hm ngha: xy ra, din ra, nhng occur cp n cc s kin xy ra mt cch ngu nhin, tnh c, khng d liu trc (thng thay th cho happen trong ng cnh trang trng). Take place hm mt s kin c nh liu, tr tnh t trc. The accident occurred at 2:00 p.m. Tai nn xy ra lc 2 gi chiu. The meeting took place last night. Cuc hp din ra ti qua. 28. Tell v say: L nhng ng t c ngha: ni, ni chuyn, bo, k, say v tell u c dng vi nhng cu, li ni gin tip v trc tip. Say thng dng vi nhng cu trc tip hn tell. Say c th dng vi bt c loi cu ni no, trong khi tell ch dng vi ngha thng bo (inform) hoc hng dn, ch th (instruct). S khc nhau gia say v tell r nt b ng:

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tell dng vi b ng cn say th khng. Nu ang cp n c ngi nghe ln ngi ni th ngi ta thng dng tell hn l say. Helen told me that shed had a good trip. Helen ni vi ti rng c ta c mt chuyn i tt p. Nu mun dng say th: Helen said that shed had a good trip. 29. Unqualified v disqualified: Tnh t unqualified c ngha: khng t cch, thiu kh nng (incompetent), khng trnh , khng thnh tho hoc khng am tng ( m nhn mt cng vic). He is unqualified for the job. Anh y khng kh nng lm vic . V lnh vc php lut, disqualified (hnh thc qu kh ca ng t disqualify) c ngha: b mt t cch, b tc quyn. Khi mt ai b xem l disqualified th ngi khng th lm mt vic no do vi phm php lut chng hn. Trong lnh vc th thao, disqualified c ngha: b loi, b tc quyn thi u v phm lut. The referee disqualified the player because he play-acted. Trng ti tc quyn thi u ca cu th v anh ta ng kch. 30. Valueless v invaluable: Tnh t invaluable khng phi l t phn ngha ca valuable m c ngha: v gi, c gi tr qu cao (khng th o lng c). Mt s tnh t c cc ph t nh tin t in- hoc hu t-less d gy nhm ln l c ngha ngc li, ngha ph nh. Thng thng, cc ph t in- v -less khi thnh lp mt t mi th c ngha ngc li vi t gc, nhng vi invaluable th khng phi vy. Nu ta mun ni mt vt khng c gi tr g c, th ta khng th dng invaluable, m phi dng cc tnh t nghch ngha vi valuable. l: valueless, worthless hay cm t not worth anything. That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry. Chic xuyn (vng eo tay) l mn n trang r tin, khng c gi tr. Let us continue to strengthen this invaluable partnership. Chng ta hy tip tc cng c s cng tc v gi ny.

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BI TP 12
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t hoc cm t [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 1. Dorothy loves _______ man now. A. other C. another 2. That murderer is _______ for his cruelty. A. famous C. notoriously 3. A. preceded B. proceeded 4. A. less/fewer C. little/fewer 5. They returned to the _______ of the murder. A. landscape C. scene 6. A. rejected C. deny 7. A. politics C. politic 8. A. machine C. engine 9. A. person C. personnel B. scenery D. view B. refused D. disagreed B. political D. policy B. motor D. machinery B. personality D. personal B. well-known D. infamous C. preceeded D. proceded B. little/less D. fewer/less B. others D. other than

The Prime Minister entered, _______ by some of his bodyguards..

The world would be safer with _______ bombs and _______ hostility.

After the transplant, her body _______ the new kidney.

The government offered a _______ of providing health care to everyone.

Farmers import most of their _______ and materials.

If you want a job in a big company, you have to see the director of _______.

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10. The damage done by _______ erosion was increased by the _______ storms. A. continue/continuous C. continual/continuous A. prepared/all ready C. all ready/already 12. How _______ petrol do you need? A. many C. some 13. Everyone was invited _______ me. A. accept C. excepted A. take C. bring A. emigrant/immigrated C. emigrant/emigrated B. exclude D. except B. carry D. hold B. immigrant/emigrated D. migrant/migrated B. amount D. much B. continual/continue D. continuous/continual B. already/all ready D. already/already

11. We were _______ for Helens birthday party when we leamed that she had _______ left.

14. Well be arriving at the airport about 10:00 a.m. Can you _______ the car round at 10:30?

15. My teacher was an _______ from Russia; he _______ to the USA three years ago.

Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 16. An extended family consists not only of parents and children but also of others relatives, A such as grandparents and unmarried aunts and uncles. C A from one side of it to the other. D 18. Only a small percent of the class will graduate with honours. A B C D D B C 17. Our galaxy is so much huge that it takes starlight hundreds of thousands of years to travel B

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19. If youre going to Denver, dont forget to take me back a souvenir. A A A A A D 24. One affect of being poor is not having enough food for your family. A A of jet planes. 26. It was so a pretty view that he took a photograph of it. A A B B A curb elicit narco-trafficking. D 29. Some people are so disinterested in politics that they do not even bother to vote. A A B B C C D D 30. The climatic scene was a firework play. C C D D B C 27. Lack of sleep will effect your athletic ability in the game tomorrow. 28. We need to work with any government that wants to assist the United States in efforts to B C D B C D 25. I grew up next to DIA. What I remember most from my childhood is the continuous roaring B B B B C C D D C B C C D D 20. There was fewer damage after the tornado than we had expected at first. 21. A good diet will help you stay healthful. 22. After the accident, she was barely live. 23. In painting, an arm pointing directly at the spectator so that few more than the hand can be seen is said to be strongly foreshortened.

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P N 12
1. 2. 3. C. Ta dng another trc danh t s t, other trc danh t s nhiu. Others l hnh thc s nhiu ca other dng thay th cho danh t s nhiu. D. Famous v well-known l cc tnh t c ngha: ni ting v nhng iu tt p. Tnh t infamous hm ngha: ni ting xu; cn notoriously l trng t nn ta chn infamous. A. Ch c 2 hnh thc ng t precede v proceed (hnh thc qu kh tng ng l preceded v proceeded), cn preceed v procede ca p n C v D l vit sai chnh t. Ta chn preceded ng vi ng cnh (Th tng bc vo, i pha trc [preceded] l vi v s ca ng). 4. 5. D. C. Tuy c 4 danh t landscape, scenery, scene v view u ni v phong cnh, cnh vt, nhng khi cp n ng ngha trong cu ny l hin trng ca mt v n th t thch hp l scene. 6. 7. A. Dng ng t reject l chnh xc nht, vi ngha: thi ra, khng thch ng. D. Hai p n B v C khng dng c v politic v political u l tnh t. Vy ch cn 2 danh t dng c v tr ny l politics (chnh tr) v policy (chnh sch), nn ta chn policy hp vi ng ngha ca cu. 8. 9. D. Ta chn D v machinery l t dng ch tt c cc loi my mc ni chung, l danh t khng m c ph hp vi cu ny. C. 10. D. 11. C. 12. D. 13. D. V tr ny phi l gii t except. 14. C. 15. A. 16. B. Hnh thc s nhiu others ch dng mt mnh, khng ng trc mt danh t s nhiu. 17. A. Lc b much ch cn so huge. 18. B. Percent dng sau mt con s (20 percent chng hn), nhng khi dng mt mnh, danh t percentage mi chnh xc.

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19. C. em ci g n ni ngi ni (speaker) th ta dng ng t bring. 20. A. Damage l danh t khng m c nn ta dng less thay v fewer. 21. D. Thay healthy vo ch healthful. 22. D. Dng tnh t alive (cn sng) sau ng t lin kt (be) thay cho tnh t live (c s sng) ch dng trc danh t. Cn ng t live th khng th v tr ny. 23. C. Cn thay little vo v tr ca few. Chng c mt danh t khng m c no little m ch, nhng trong trng hp chng ta thiu mt danh t c bit no v ta ang ni v nhng g c tnh tng qut th ta thng dng little. Th d nh ta ni There is little we can do hay He has little to say... 24. A. Phi l danh t effect v tr ny. 25. C. Tnh t continual thay cho continuous v cu ny hm s lp i lp li. 26. A. Such v tr ny thay v so. 27. B. Thay effect bng ng t affect. 28. D. Phi dng tnh t illicit thay cho ng t elicit v tr ny. 29. C. Uninterested thay cho disinterested. 30. A. Dng sai tnh t. y phi l tnh t climactic (c ngha: cao tro, cao im) xut pht t danh t climax. Cn climatic ni v nhng g lin quan n kh hu v bt ngun t danh t climate.

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BI 13: SUBORDINATE CLAUSES (MNH PH)

Cc cu trc nghim lin quan n mnh (clauses) thng thuc loi chn p n ng hon tt cu (sentence completion); mt s cu hi loi nhn din sai st (error identification) thng th sinh phn bit cch dng cc i t lin h trong nhng mnh tnh t. Nhiu cu hi yu cu th sinh nhn din ch ng, ng t, b ng... ca cu, mnh . Mt cu phc (complex sentense) l cu c mt mnh chnh (main clause) kt hp vi mt hay nhiu mnh ph (subordinate clause). Mnh ph khng th ng ring mt mnh v ngha ca n ph thuc vo mnh chnh. C 3 loi mnh ph m chng ta s cp trong bi ny: 1. Mnh danh t (noun clause) hay cn gi l danh . Mnh tnh t (adjective clause) hay cn gi l tnh . Mnh trng t (adverb clause) hay cn gi l trng .

Mnh danh t. L mnh c chc nng nh mt danh t v thng c m u bng lin t that, hoc bng cc t nghi vn nh what, which, where, when, who, whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever, whether, why, how, if. Mnh danh t c th gi cc chc nng nh mt danh t. Trong cc th d di y, mnh danh t c gch di. Lm ch ng cho ng t. What he said surprised me. Nhng g anh ta ni lm ti ngc nhin. Lm b ng cho mt ng t. David does whatever his parents ask. David lm bt c nhng g cha m yu cu. B ng cho mt gii t. Hand your umbrella to whoever is standing at the gate. Hy a ci d ca bn cho bt c ai ang ng cng. Sau ng t to be.

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Lu :

This is where I was born. y l ni ti sinh ra.

Trt t t trong mnh danh t khng ging nh trong cu hi. Chng hn ta ni I dont know what her name is. (Ti khng bit tn c ta l g) ch khng ni I don't know what is her name. 2. Mnh tnh t: L mnh ng vai tr nh mt tnh t, tc b ngha hoc nh phm cho danh t v i t. Mt mnh tnh t thng c m u bng mt i t lin h nh who, whom, which, that, whose hoc bng mt trng t lin h: when, where... V th, mnh tnh t cn c gi l mnh lin h (relative clause). Mnh tnh t c th dng kt hp hai cu cp n cng ngi hay vt. The car was expensive. Michael bought it. The car that Michael bought is expensive. Chic xe m Michael mua l t tin. Cng nh tt c cc mnh khc, mnh tnh t cng phi c ch ng v v ng. Trong mt s trng hp, chnh cc t lin h ng vai ch ng. Trong nhng th d di y, mnh tnh t c gch di. The city where I would like to live is Denver. Thnh ph ni m ti mun sng l Denver. Mnh tnh t where I would like to live b ngha cho danh t city (city l ch ng ca ng t is). I wrote to my sister who lived in Paris. Ti vit (th) cho em gi sng Paris. Mnh tnh t who lived in Paris b ngha cho danh t sister (sister l b ng cho gii t to). Phn bit mnh lin h xc nh v khng xc nh: Vn ny lin quan n vic s dng i t that v which, l nhng im thng xut hin trong bi thi trc nghim ting Anh. S ln ln gia that v which ch xy ra i vi mnh tnh t, tc mnh lin h. Mnh lin h c chia lm 2 loi: Defining v Non-defining. Mnh lin h xc nh

155

(Defining relative clause) cn gi l mnh gii hn (Restrictive clause) ng vai tr gii thch, nh ngha v l thnh phn quan trng ca cu, khng th lc b i c. The books that I lent you belong to my father. Nhng cun sch ti cho anh mn l ca cha ti. Mnh lin h khng xc nh (Non-defining relative clause) cn gi l mnh khng gii hn (Non-restrictive clause) ch c nhim v cung cp thm thng tin nn c th lc b i m cu vn vn cn ngha. His best novel, which won several awards, was about the life of Nelson Mandela. Cun tiu thuyt hay nht ca ng y, vn ginh c nhiu gii thng, vit v cuc i ca Nelson Mandela. Vi cu ny, nu ta lc b i mnh which won several awards th cu vn vn cn ngha. Khi s dng cc i t lin h that v which, ta cn ch n nhng im sau: Trc v sau mt mnh lin h khng xc nh, chng ta phi s dng du phy (comma) phn cch mnh vi phn cn li ca cu. Cn trong mnh lin h xc nh th khng dng du phy no c. Vic dng du phy rt quan trng. Cu vn c th b thay i ngha mt khi ta dng hay khng dng du phy phn cch mt mnh lin h. Ng php c quy nh rng, i t that ch c th gii thiu mnh lin h xc nh v i t which ch dng cho mnh lin h khng xc nh. Tuy nhin, theo cch dng rng ri hin nay, th which c th dng gii thiu mt mnh lin h xc nh m chng c vn sai ng php no c. C iu ta cn lu l khng dng i t that trong mnh lin h khng xc nh. Vo cui th k 20, vic dng that hay which - t nht l trong vn xui - c phn nh: ta c th dng that hoc which gii thiu mt mnh xc nh v vic chn la that hay which l ty thuc vn phong, cch dng t ca ta. Cn which th c dng khi gii thiu mt mnh khng xc nh. 3. Mnh trng t: L mnh ng vai tr nh mt trng t, tc c th b ngha cho mt t (ng t, tnh t hay trng l), mt nhm t hay c mt mnh . Tt c cc mnh trng t u c m u bng mt lin t ph thuc (after, although, since, unless, when)

156

 Mnh trng t ch thi gian (time): thng bt u bng cc lin t after, before, when, whenever, while as, , since, until, as soon as Until the power lines were restored. I had to read at night by candlelight. Cho n khi cc ng dy in c phc hi, ti phi c bng n cy vo ban m. Mnh trng t ch ni chn (place) m u bng cc t nh where, wherever, as far as... She collects souvenirs wherever she travels. C ta su tp nhng k nim bt c ni u c ta du hnh. Mnh trng t ch phong cch, thi (manner) thng bt u bng cc t nh as, as if, as though. David acted as if he were crazy David hnh ng nh th anh ta in. Mnh trng t ch nguyn nhn (cause) bt u bng cc t because, for, since ... My mother was happy because I did well on the test. M ti vui sng v ti lm tt trong k st hch. Mnh trng t ch mc ch (purpose) c m u bng nhng t nh so that, lest, in order that ... I worked hard for a year so that I could earn money for college. Ti lm vic ct lc c mt nm c tin hc i hc. Mnh trng t ch iu kin (condition) thng bt u bng cc t nh unless, if, supposing, provided that ... Unless she agrees, they have no contract. H khng c c hp ng tr khi b y ng . Mnh trng t ch s nhn nhng v tng phn (concession and contrast) m u bng cc t nh though, although, even though, whether ... Though he promised not to do it, he did it. Mc d ha l khng lm nhng anh ta lm vic . Mnh trng t ch kt qu (result) bt u bng so that - nhng khc vi mnh trng t ch mc ch l khng dng n may, might hoc should. He runs so quickly that I cant catch him.

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Anh y chy nhanh n ni ti khng th bt kp. Mnh trng t ch s so snh (comparison) thng bt u bng t as...as, so... as, more... than, less than ... The tests are not so easy as we expected. Cc bi st hch khng d nh chng ti trng mong.

158

BI TP 13
Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The boat that it is barely visible on the horizon is ours. A A A B B A A B B B C C D C C C A fifty families to have an elementary school. D 7. 8. 9. I want to see if are there any letters this moming. A B A A B A A A lives every year. C B B B D C C D C D D C D B C D His new car, which for he paid $9,000, has already had to be repaired. The student to that I speak is my younger brother. D D D B C D What are you asking from me sounds unreasonable. This sweater, that my mother made for me, is too small for me now. Mrs. Scott said that whoever she decides to hire will help lay out the newsletter. She talked about the men and the novels which interested her. In 1647 the colony of Massachusetts passed a law that by requiring every town with at least

10. A sugar solution begins to ferment sometimes oxygen is absent. 11. Liquids take the shape of any container in that they are placed. 12. Medical researchers have long been seeking a cure for a disease who takes thousands of

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13. This window, that was broken by a madman yesterday, will have to be repaired. A A A B B B C C C D D D 14. The teacher gave whom presented an oral report extra credit. 15. He was elected by a large majority, who is what most people had expected.

Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t hoc cm t [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 16. The increasing heat _______ the journey unpleasant. A. which made C. made 17. The only person _______ was a patrolman. A. was visible C. which visible A. because of C. because that A. they are who C. who are they A. It was Jennifer Grant B. Jennifer Grant C. Jennifer Grant, when she D. That Jennifer Grant 21. _______ comes, he brings a friend. A. David C. Whenever David A. that it reveals B. David, who D. That David B. that reveals B. visible D. who visible B. because D. it is because B. who they are D. are they who B. it made D. making

18. David couldnt go to work _______ he was sick in bed.

19. The type of clothing people wear tells others a lot about _______

20. _______ who became the first woman to be elected to the council.

22. The scene _______ the heroines secret is the best.

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C. reveals 23. I do not know _______ A. where does he come from B. where he came from C. where did he come from D. he came from

D. it reveals

24. This encyclopaedia, _______ the second volume is missing, is out of date. A. which of C. which in 25. _______, Dorothy gave a wonderful speech. A. Although she nervous B. Although was nervous C. Although nervous D. Although she was 26. How _______ remains a complete mystery. A. does the prisoner escape B. did the prisoner escape C. the prisoner escaped D. was escaped 27. On a mountainside, the height above _______ it is too cold and windy for trees to grow is called the tree line or timberline. A. where C. that 28. They worried about _______ Death Valley. A. how do they cross C. how they would cross twentieth century. A. That mosquitos C. Since mosquitos B. Mosquitos D. Mosquitos which B. how did they cross D. they would cross how B. which D. what B. which D. of which

29. _______ cause certain diseases such _______ as malaria was not known until the early

30. We had a wonderful holiday _______ the bad weather.

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A. despite C. although

B. because of D. though

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P N 13
1. 2. 3. B. i t that l ch ng ca mnh tnh t ri nn it khng cn thit. B. y khng phi l cu hi bt u bng what m l mt mnh danh t nn trt t t phi l you are. B. y l mnh lin h khng xc nh (Non-defining relative clause) nn i t ng phi l which. Nn nh, vi mnh c ngn cch bng hai du phy th ta khng s dng i t that. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. B. Whomever thay cho whoever. C. Sau mt tin t hn hp (a mixed antecedent), va ngi va vt, ta phi dng i t that ch khng dng which. B. Thay by requiring bng required v mt ng t th ch ng cn thit hon chnh mt mnh tnh t. B. Trt t t phi l there are. A. Khi dng i t which b ng cho mt gii t, ta t gii t trc which (for which, in which, at which...) C. That khng bao gi ng sau mt gii t m n lm b ng, cn sa li: The student to whom I speak is my younger brother; hoc phi vit cu ny li: The student that I speak to is my younger brother (c th lc b that). 10. C. Dng lin t whenever thay cho sometimes ni mnh trng t vi mnh chnh. 11. C. Sau mt gii t (nh in trong cu ny), ta khng th dng i t lin h that m l which. 12. D. Who thay th cho mt tin t ch ngi, y l disease nn cn i t that. 13. A. y l mt non-defining relative clause nn i t cn dng l which. Nn lu , nu mt mnh c phn cch bng 2 du phy th ta khng dng i t that. 14. A. Thay whom bng whoever vi danh vvhoever presented an oral report lm b ng cho ng t gave. 15. B. Trong mt non-defining relative clause, ta dng i t which ni cho tt c nhng g cp trc , trong cu ny l vic ng y c c vi i a s phiu bu. 16. C. p n C cung cp ng t chnh cho cu (cu thiu ng t). p n A sai v i t which dng kt ni mt mnh lin h vi mnh chnh m trong cu ny, ch c 1 ng t nn ch c 1 mnh . p n B th tha mt ch ng ( c the increasing heat ri,

163

nay li thm it). Nu chn D th cu khng c ng t. 17. B. y l hnh thc rt ngn ca mnh tnh t: visible = who was visible. 18. Chn B hon chnh mnh trng t. p n A sai v because of ch dng trc danh t hoc i t. C v D sai v tha nhng t khng cn thit. 19. B. Trong mt mnh danh t, ch ng ng trc ng t. 20. A. Nu chn B th ta ch mi c mt mnh danh t vi mt mnh lin h (relative clause) ch cha hon thnh mt mnh chnh. Chn C sai v khng c mnh chnh (main clause). Chn D th cha hon chnh mt mnh danh t v mt mnh lin h, ta cha c mnh chnh. p n A l ng nht v It was... hnh thnh mt cu vi mt mnh chnh v mt mnh ph, mi mnh u c ch ng v ng t ring ca n. 21. C. Chn p n ny hnh thnh mt mnh trng t vi whenever. p n A hnh thnh hai mnh nhng li khng c t no lin kt chng li vi nhau. 22. Chn B dng that ni hai mnh . A khng thch ng v ch ng it khng cn thit, C v D th thiu t ni mnh tnh t vi mnh chnh. 23. B. Chn B hon tt cu vi mt danh lm b ng cho ng t know. p n A v C sai v trt t t. 24. D. Trong non-defining clause nu c gii t cng i vi t lin kt th gii t c t trc t lin kt . 25. C. Nu chn A th mnh trng t thiu ng t (Although she was nervous); chn B th trng thiu ch ng she. D sai v cha hon chnh, C l ng nht v y l hnh thc rt ngn ca mnh trng t: When nervous l hnh thc rt ngn c ngha tng t nh mnh trng t y When she was nervous. 26. Chn C hon chnh cu vi mnh danh t How the prisoner escaped lm ch ng cho ng t remains. 27. B. Trong mnh lin h vi gii t above ny th i t cn dng l which, ch khng phi l that. 28. C. Hon chnh cu vi mt danh . 29. A. Cu ny ch c th hon chnh bng mt mnh danh t m u vi that. 30. A. Dng despite trc mt danh t (hay cm danh t); cn though, although trc mt mnh . Because of th hm ngha tri ngc vi despite.

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BI 14 VOICE AND MOOD (TH V CCH)

Th hay dng (voice) l hnh thc ca ng t trong , hoc l ch ng hnh ng (active voice: th ch ng), hoc mt vic g tc ng ti ch ng (passive voice: th th ng). Cch hay li (mood) l cch thc m ngi ta din t mt hnh ng, mt trng thi. ng t ting Anh c 3 cch: Li trnh by hay trc cch (Indicative mood), mnh lnh cch (Imperative mood) v th gi nh hay gi cch (Subjunctive mood). Trong bi ny, chng ta ch trng vo cu iu kin trong gi nh cch v th ch ng, th ng, vn l nhng vn thng xut hin trong cc thi. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CU IU KIN) Cu iu kin gm mnh chnh v mnh iu kin (mnh ph). Mnh iu kin lun lun bt u bng if. C th phn thnh 3 loi cu iu kin thng dng: 1. Cu iu kin c th xy ra c (probable conditions): ng t ca mnh chnh th tng lai n (simple future tense), cn ng t ca mnh iu kin th hin ti n (simple present tense). Mnh if If + present Mnh chnh will + infinitive

If you work hard, you will be rich. Nu bn chu kh lm vic, bn s giu c.

Cu iu kin trn din t iu kin c th xy ra c. Lu : Chng ta c th dng can/may + infinitive thay cho th tng lai n (simple future) mnh chnh. Tuy nhin, th tng lai n dng trong mnh chnh biu th mt kt qu chc chn (certain result), trong khi can/may ch biu th mt kt qu c th (possible result). If you work hard, you can earn more money. Nu lm vic ct lc, bn c th kim c nhiu tin hn.

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2.

Cu iu kin khng c thc (unreal conditions): Dng din t mt gi thit tri nghch vi hin ti. Mnh if If + past Mnh chnh would/should + infinitive

If you worked hard, you would be rich. Nu () chu kh lm vic, bn s giu.

Th d trn din t nhng g khng xy ra trong thc t (v thc ra, bn khng chu kh lm vic nn s kh tr nn giu c). im cn lu l trong loi cu iu kin ny, ng t trong mnh iu kin th qu kh n (simple past tense) hay cn c gi l past subjunctive. Lu : Nhng hnh thc gi nh (subjunctive) c bit ca to be l: I be, you be... Hnh thc I were v he/she/it were thng dng sau if. If I were you, I should accept the offer. Phi chi ti l anh, ti nhn li. y l th gi nh, cp n nhng g khng c thc (v ti khng th l anh c). Cng cn ch l khng dng subjunctive din t vic thiu hiu bit, thiu thng tin. Chng hn, ta khng ni I wondered if she were there v c hai t if v wonder y ch biu th s nghi ng, nn ta ch dng was thay v were: I wondered if she was there. Ta ch dng subjunctive khi ta bit s vic tri vi thc t. Chng hn, nu ta bit l c y khng hin din ni y th ta c th ni She acted as if she were there. (C ta lm nh th l mnh c mt ni ). 3. Cu iu kin khng th xy ra c (impossible conditions): Dng din t cc iu kin khng c thc trong qu kh. Mnh if If + past perfect Mnh chnh would/should have + past participle

If you had worked hard, you would have been rich. Nu (trc y) anh chu kh lm vic, anh giu ri.

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V s vic xy ra l anh khng chu kh lm vic, nn vic anh tr thnh giu c ch l iu tng tng m thi, cn lu l trong loi cu iu kin ny, ng t trong mnh iu kin th qu kh hon thnh (past perfect tense), cn ng t trong mnh chnh th c chia th tng lai hon thnh (future perfect tense). ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE (TH CH NG v TH NG): iu cn nh trc tin l cc nh vn, cc hc gi khuyn chng ta khng nn lm dng th th ng. Theo , cu ch ng lun c u tin s dng v n trc tip, mnh m v sc tch hn cu th ng. D nhin l ngi vit s khng hon ton loi b hnh thc th ng, m s s dng chng trong cc tnh hung cn thit (c cp n phn cch dng bn di). 1. So snh cu trc ch ng (active) v th ng (passive): Active: Passive: - Somebody built this temple in 1880. Ai xy ngi n ny vo nm 1880. - This temple was built in 1880. Ngi n ny c xy dng vo nm 1880. cu ch ng, ch th hnh ng l ch ng; cn cu th ng, ch ng l i tng ca hnh ng. 2. Cc hnh thc th ng: thnh lp th ng cch, ta dng ng t to be th tng t nh ng t th ch ng + phn t qu kh (past participle) ca ng t ch ng. Th d: Active: Active: Active: - We keep the butter here. (Present tense) - The council decided this issue. (Past tense) - Congress will enact the statute. (Future tense) Passive: - The butter is kept here. Passive: - This issue was decided by the council. Passive: - The statute will be enacted by Congress. Cn ch n cu trc th ng ca cc th tin hnh (continuous tenses), bi v n i hi hnh thc hin ti tin hnh ca to be v ch hnh thnh cu trc th ng cho th hin ti tin hnh v qu kh tin hnh.

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Active: Active:

- They are repairing the road. (Present Progressive tense) - The contractor was building the stadium. (Past progressive tense)

Passive: - The road is being repaired. Passive: - The stadium was being built by the contractor. Nu quan st mt cch cn thn tt c nhng cu trc th ng nu trn, chng ta s thy rng cc cu ny u dng qu kh phn t ca ngoi ng t (transitive verbs): kept, decided, enacted, repaired, v built. 3. Cch dng: Passive voice c dng trong cc tnh hung sau: 3.1. Khi ch th hay tc nhn gy ra hnh ng khng c bit ti hoc l khng quan trng. His bicycle was stolen. Xe p ca anh y b nh cp. Cu ny thng dng hn l dng ch ng Thieves stole his bicycle (Nhng tay trm ly mt chic xe p ca anh y), hoc Somebody stole his bicycle (Ai nh cp xe p ca anh y). 3.2. Khi mun che giu tc nhn ca hnh ng. I regret to inform you that your file has been misplaced (by me). Ti rt tic bo vi anh rng h s ca anh b lc i u ri. Nu l cu ch ng th s l I regret to inform you that I misplaced your file. 3.3. Khi mun nhn mnh n tc nhn ca hnh ng v t n cui cu. The tapes were hidden by the mayor. Cc bng ghi m c ct giu bi ngi th trng. Nu l cu ch ng th s l The mayor hid the tapes. 3.4. Dng cu trc th ng trnh tr ngi trong cu vit lin quan n gii tnh, nht l vic phi lp i lp li cc i t ngi th ba s t. An application must be filed with the personnel department. A personal resume should be included. n xin phi c np cho phng nhn s. Mt bn tm tt (qu trnh hot ng) ca bn thn cng cn c km theo.

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Nu l cu ch ng th c th s l An applicant for employment must file her/his application with the personnel department. She/he should include her/his personal resume. 3.5. Dng cu trc th ng trnh vic lm dng i t one. There are many situations when the passive voice is preferred. C nhiu tnh hung m th ng cch c a chung hn. Cu ch ng c i t one s l There are many situations when one prefers the passive voice.

169

BI TP 14

Choose the underlined word or phrase (A,B, C,or D) that nceds correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. If I was in his place, I should buy that car for my father. A B C D If you went to his office after 10 a.m., you will see him. A B C D The great French cathedral of Notre Dame designed in the twelfth century. A B C D The new regulation was approve without debate or public comment. A B C D The board were asked by the investors to provide details about the merger. A B C D If you went to the wedding last night, you would have seen her. A B C D The music industrys platinum records is usually made of nickel and are covered with foil or A B C paint, not platinum. D 8. In the electoral college, which actually is elected the U.S. President every four years, each A B C state has as many votes as it has members in Congress. D 9. If I were on the moon now, I will tidy up the junk that has been left there. A B C D

10. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese without warning was bombed Pearl Harbour, an A B C American base in the Hawaiian Islands. D

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11. This building is being build by my community service group. A B C D 12. It suggested to me by my teacher that I start looking for a job before I finished the program. A B C D 13. If the Watergate scandal had not occurred, Gerald Ford will never have become president. A B C D 14. When journalists use passive voice, they are robbed their sentences of power. A B C D 15. A part-time job was offered by one company until I was finished school and could start fullA B C D time.

Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t hoc cm t [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 16. America _______ by Columbus in 1492. A. discovered C. is discovered A. considering C. considered 18. If I _______ a lottery, I _______ a new house. A. win/should build C. won/should build A. has been decided C. have decided A. was killed C. killed A. to be awarded B. win/should have built D. won/should have built B. have been decided D. has decided B. were killed D. kill B. that awards B. discovering D. was discovered B. are considered D. was considered

17. Parrots and crows _______ the most intelligent birds.

19. The students _______ that the increase in parking rates is unfair.

20. Influenza and famine _______ over 10 million Africans in 1910s.

21. In 1930, Sinclair Lewis won the first Nobel Prize ever _______ to an American writer.

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C. to award A. will be C. was A. who elected C. her election as A. have returned/will see B. had returned /would have seen C. returned /would have seen D. returned /would have seen

D. should be awarding B. will have been D. would be B. to be elected D. to elect

22. If my son spoke to me that way, I _______ angry.

23. His mother was the first woman _______ representative in this province.

24. If my sister _______ to Vietnam in 2003, she _______ our father before he died.

25. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, who _______ in the third car behind Mr. Kennedys, _______ as the 36th President of the United States 99 minutes after Mr. Kennedy deaths. A. was riding/was swearing B. rode/was swearing C. was riding/was sworn in D. ridden/was sworn in 26. If oil _______ plentiful, there _______ no energy crisis. A. was/will be C. were/would be A. had had C. had 28. The horse _______ oats when we found him. A. was eaten C. was eating A. decide/would speak B. decided/will speak C. decide/should speak B. is eaten D. was being eaten B. is/would be D. were/will be B. have D. bought

27. If I _______ a new car last summer, I would have driven to California.

29. If I _______ to go to China in 1980, I _______ Chinese fluently.

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D. had decided/should have spoken 30. We _______ that you _______ a book from the library. A. told/are taken B. were told/had taken C. were told/were taken D. told/were taken

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P N 14

1.

A. Cu iu kin thuc loi khng c thc, gi nh (v ti khng th l anh ta c) nn ta thay was bng were.

2.

A. y l cu iu kin thuc loi c th xy ra c, nn ta dng ng t mnh iu kin th hin ti n: thay went bng go.

3.

C. Cu ny phi c th hin di hnh thc th ng v Notre Dame (Nh Th c B) khng th ng lm ch ng cho hnh ng designed c. Sa li l was designed.

4. 5.

B. Phi l hnh thc qu kh phn t ca ng t approve: approved. A. Thay were bng was v danh t board y c xem l mt khi duy nht nn dng ng t hnh thc s t.

6.

A. Cu iu kin ny ch mt vic khng th xy ra trong qu kh (ngy hm qua bn khng i m ci), nn ta dng th qu kh hon thnh mnh iu kin: thay went bng had gone.

7. 8. 9.

A. Thay is bng are. B. Hnh thc th ng is elected dng y l sai. Ta phi dng th ch ng vi elects. B. Thay will bng would.

10. B. Cu ny hnh thc ch ng (ngi Nht nh bom) nn ta b was v tr ny. 11. C. Thay build bng hnh thc qu kh phn t built. 12. A. v tr ny phi dng hnh thc th ng: was suggested. 13. C. Thay will bng would. 14. C. Dng th ch ng: rob thay v are robbed. 15. C. Dng th ch ng v tr ny: I finished thay cho I was finished. 16. D. 17. B. 18. Loi cu iu kin khng c thc nn ta dng ng t th qu kh n trong mnh iu kin, cn mnh chnh l would/should + infinitive. 19. C.

174

20. C. 21. A. Hnh thc nguyn mu th ng (the passive infinitive form) ca p n A l ng y v mi lin h th ng: The Nobel Prize was inwarded to Sinclaie Lewis. 22. D. 23. B. Chn B v ta cn mt cu trc th ng. 24. B. Cu iu kin thuc loi khng th xy ra c nn ta dng ng t trong mnh iu kin th qu kh hon thnh v ng t trong mnh chnh th tng lai hon thnh. 25. C. 26. C. Cu iu kin ch mt s vic khng c thc (du m khng di do) nn l hnh thc gi nh, ta dng were mnh iu kin v would + infinitive mnh chnh. 27. A. 28. C. C 3 p n kia u th th ng, trong khi ch ng ca cu (horse) l ch th ca hnh ng. Nu l cu th ng th phi chuyn i ch ng, chng hn The oats were being eaten by the horse. 29. D. Cu iu kin thuc loi khng th xy ra c. 30. B.

175

BI 15 MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS IN USAGE (NHNG VN KHC TRONG CCH DNG TING ANH)
Trong cc thi ting Anh, mt s rc ri sau y thng xuyn xut hin: 1. S dng cc t ph nh. Khng dng hai t ph nh (Double negatives) trong cng mt cu. Trt t t (Word order).

S dng cc t ph nh: Hu ht cc t ph nh bt u bng ch n: no, not, none, nothing, nobody, never, neither, nowhere... Mt vi t ngoi l l: scarcely v hardly. Nn lu n cc cch dng t ph nh di y: Mt trong nhng cu hi thng gp trong thi l vic dng t ph nh trc mt danh t. cn nh no l tnh t nn c dng trc danh t ch khng phi trng t not. He has no complaints. Anh ta chng c li than phin no c. Trong cu ny, no lm t hn nh ph nh cho danh t complaints. Ta khng ni: He has not complaints. Tuy nhin, not cng c th c dng trc danh t ty theo ng ngha. There is no coffee in the pot. Khng c c ph trong bnh. (Bnh khng). This is not coffee. y khng phi l c ph. (M l tr hay th g khc). Cc t hn nh ph nh ng trc ch ng l: not many v not much. Not much snow fell yesterday. Hm qua khng c nhiu tuyt ri. Not many students learn Latin these days. Ngy nay, khng c nhiu sinh vin hc ting La-tinh. Khi danh t c sn mo t xc nh the hoc mt tnh t s hu (my, your, his, her... hay Davids, John's...) ng trc, ta dng t hn nh none of hoc neither of. None of the guests can speak French.

176

Khng c v khch no c th ni ting Php ht. C th to ngha ph nh cho ng t bng cch dng cc trng t never, hardly ever (almost never)... Cc trng t ny c t ngay trc ng t chnh. Ill never see you again. Em s chng bao gi gp li anh na. Khi ng t c t 3 thnh phn (elements) tr ln, th trng t ph nh c t gia hai thnh phn u tin. 2. Khng dng hai t ph nh trong cng mt cu: Double negatives l vic s dng 2 t ph nh trong cng mt cu trong khi ch cn 1 t ph nh l . Khi cha 2 t ph nh th cu s c ngha xc nh, chng hn cu Nobody does not like David th hm ngha Everybody likes David. Hng trm nm trc, vic s dng nhiu t ph nh trong cng mt cu l l thng, th d Michael didnt never ask nobody. Nhng theo ng php ting Anh hin i, ch cn mt t ph nh to ngha ph nh. Vi th d trn, ta c th vit li theo 3 cch: Michael didnt ask anybody; Michael never asked anybody; Michael asked nobody. Bng tm lc di y cung cp mt s trng hp dng 2 ln ph nh cng cch sa li cho ng: Hai ln ph nh - I did not give him no money. - David never said nothing. - I cant hardly understand. Sa li - I did not give him any money. - I gave him no money. - David never said anything. - David said nothing. - I cant understand. - I can hardly understand. Lu : Trong mt s cu trc, nht l khi not b ngha cho mt tnh t c tin t ph nh (negative prefix) nh un- , "im- , in- , vic s dng hai ln ph nh dc chp nhn to thnh cu khng nh. y l mt trong nhng cch dng "phm lut hai ph nh trong mt cu ting Anh. Ta c th to thnh mt cu khng nh vi vic t not trc mt tnh t c

177

ngha ph nh nh unreasonable (v l, khng bit iu), uncommon (bt thng, him c), impossible (khng th c, khng th lm c)... 3. Its not impossible that hell succeed. C th anh y s thnh cng. Trt t t: Hu ht cc li trt t t trong cc cu hi trc nghim bao gm hai t vi th t o ln. Cc li thng thng c lit k di y: Loi sai st - Danh t + tnh t - Tnh t + trng t - Danh t + s hu - Phn t + trng t - Enough + tnh t1 - Too much + tnh t2 - Dng trng t, tnh t, phn t hoc t ni v s lng trc almost Th d House large Nice really Advice coachs Cooked badly food Enough good Sa li cho ng Large house Really nice Coachs advice Badly cooked food Good enough

This ball is too much small This ball is much too small to to play. play. Certainly almost Late almost Died almost Almost certainly Almost late Almost died She asked me where his office is. She asked, Where is his office?

- ng t + ch ng trong cu hi She asked me where is his gin tip hay trong mnh wh- office. - Ch ng + ng t trong cu hi trc tip She asked, Where his office is?

________
1. 2.

Enough t trc danh t th c. Th d: enough books, enough money... Too much c th dng trc danh t khng m c. Th d: too much food, too much homework...
178

BI TP 15
Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting. (Hy chn t hoc cm t c gch di [A, B, C hoc D] cn phi iu chnh li cho ng). 1. 2. 3. You cant hardly expect her to lend you money gain. A B C D Neither the Arab nations or Israel wants yet another all-out war. A B C D All American states except for Nebraska have a two-chamber body lawmaking called a A B C legislature or general assembly. D 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The President has asked his ministers no to discuss this issue any more. A B C D He hasnt but a few weeks left before quitting his job. A B C D Asparagus grows well in soil that is too much salty for most crops to grow. A B C D Biologists still have not real idea how many species of living things exist on Earth. A B C D Not much people realize that apples have been cultivated for over 3,000 years. A B C D Most young geese leave their nests at an early age, and young snow geese are not exception. A B C D

10. No all the books written by her father were science fiction; some were nonfiction works on A B C technology, science, and other subjects. D 11. Insects appeared on Earth before long the earliest mammals. A B C D

179

12. I wonder whether or none we are so different from our ancestors. A B C D 13. The destructive force of running water depends entirely almost on the velocity of its flow. A B C D 14. They worked so quickly that there was not time for talking. A B C D 15. All of mammals, dolphins are undoubtedly among the friendliest to human. A B C D Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence. (Hy chn t hoc cm t [A, B, C hoc D] thch hp nht cho khong trng ca cu). 16. _______ the grandparents were there but also the uncles and cousins. A. None of C. Not only 17. There_______ one survivor. A. wasnt but C. was but A. none C. no 19. They had _______ plans to change house. A. no C. none 20. Only in an emergency _______ this exit. A. you should use C. you use should 21. They _______ that film. A. should have never released B. should never have released C. should have released never D. never should have released B. should you use D. should use you B. not D. nor B. wasnt no D. wasnt none B. not D. nothing B. Not D. Neither

18. He asked his staff _______ to discuss it publicly.

180

22. _______ students went to school yesterday. A. No of C. Not A. no C. none of 24. Dont strike a match _______ near the gasoline. A. nothing C. nowhere A. No I am C. Not am I 26. I havent _______ more sentences to write. A. any C. none 27. David likes his coffee _______ milk or sugar. A. not C. none A. can they be absorbed B. can they absorb C. they can absorb D. they can be absorbed 29. I _______ see in the snowstorm. A. couldnt hardly C. hardly could A. The most famous one of B. One of the most famous C. The one most famous of D. Of the one most famous
181

B. Not much D. Not many B. none D. not B. anything D. anywhere B. Nor am I D. Not I am B. nothing D. no B. without D. no

23. Until they got married, she had met _______ his brothers or sisters.

25. _______ aware that anyone else knows the secret.

28. Only when minerals have been dissolved in water _______ by the roots of plants.

B. hardly couldnt D. could hardly

30. _______ politicians over the world was Nelson Mandela.

P N 15
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. A. dng can't li c thm hardly, tc hai ln ph nh. Thay cant bng can. B. Thay or bng nor: Neither i vi nor. C. Sai trt t t: phi l lawmaking body (tnh t lawmaking phi ng trc danh t body). B. Not - ch khng phi no - c dng vi mt nguyn mu c to hnh thnh th ph nh vi ng t khng c ngi th. A. But y hm ngha duy nht (only) nn c vai tr nh mt t ph nh, v vy, ta khng dng but vi mt t ph nh khc trong trng hp ny: thay hasnt bng has. C. Trt t t l: much too salty. B. T ph nh cn dng y l no - ch khng phi not - v n ph nh cho danh t idea. B. Trc mt danh t m c nh people, many phi c dng thay cho much. D. Phi dng tnh t ph nh no thay cho not trc mt danh t (exception). khng th c v n cng l mt t hn nh (determiner) ging nh all. 11. C. Sai trt t t: long before thay cho before long. 12. B. Not thay cho none theo cu trc whether or not. 13. C. Trt t t l almost entirely. 14. C. Phi dng tnh t ph nh no thay cho not trc mt danh t (time). 15. A. Trt t t l: Of all mammals... 16. C. Cu trc ng l not only... but also... 17. C. Khi but hm ngha duy nht (only) th n ng vai tr nh mt t ph nh, v vy, ta khng dng but vi mt t ph nh khc trong trng hp ny. 18. B. Not c dng vi nguyn mu c to hnh thnh th ph nh vi ng t khng c ngi th. 19. A. Cc p n B, C v D u khng th c s dng nh mt tnh t ng trc danh t. 20. B. Khi mt mnh bt u bng cm t only in... th trt t t l: tr ng t + ch ng + ng t chnh. 21. B. Khi ng t c t 3 thnh phn (hoc nhiu hn) hp li, t ph nh c t nm gia hai thnh phn u tin. 22. D. 23. C.
182

10. A. v tr ny, ta cn mt t c th ph nh all. Not p ng tiu chun ny v n l mt trng t. No

24. D. 25. B. 26. A. 27. B. 28. A. Sau cm t only when (v nhiu cm t khc vi only) trt t t l: tr ng t + ch ng + ng t chnh nn p n A ng. Ta khng chn B v cn mt ng t th th ng hon chnh cu. 29. D. Hardly l t ph nh nn ta khng dng vi mt t ph nh khc trong cng mt cu. 30. Chn B v l trt t t ng nht.

183

CC THI TRC NGHIM TING ANH TRONG K THI TT NGHIP PH THNG TRUNG HC V TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2006

184

K THI TT NGHIP TRUNG HC PH THNG NM 2006 Mn thi: TlNG ANH - H 3 nm Thi gian lm bi: 60 pht; 50 cu trc nghim Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hon thnh cc cu sau: Cu 1: Susan is looking for something ... A. eat Cu 2: ... your homework finished last night? A. Was Cu 3: It has ... a lot this week. A. rains Cu 4: She used ... as a typist. A. work Cu 5: Im sure Bill ... the job. He has a lot of experiences. A. was getting Cu 6: If I were you, I ... a new car. A. will buy Cu 7: We need more sugar. There is ... sugar in the pot. A. much Cu 8: The teacher told the boys to stop ... A. play B. played C. playing D. being played B. many C. any D. little B. bought C. would buy D. buy B. getting C. had got D. will get B. to work C. working D. to working B. raining C. to rain D. rained B. Did C. Are D. Do B. to eating C. to eat D. eating

185

Cu 9: This student is not very good ... Physics. A. at Cu 10: Peter works for a factory ... makes motorbikes. A. what Cu 11: She will help you ... she has some free time. A. how B. where C. when D. what Cu 12: What is the name of the girl ... bicycle was stolen? A. whose Cu 13: We are very fond ... folk music. A. in Cu 14: My father is ... . He works in a garage. A. farmer Cu 15: John drives very ... ; he has never had any accidents. A. careful C. carelessly Cu 16: Many people want ... for that job. A. to apply C. apply Cu 17: ... stamps is my hobby. A. Collect Cu 18: Do you mind ... the cooking?
186

B. in

C. with

D. to

B. which

C. who

D. whom

B. who

C. which

D. when

B. at

C. with

D. of

B. mechanic

C. teacher

D. doctor

B. carefully D. careless

B. applying D. applied

B. Collecting

C. Collected

D. Collection

A. doing C. for doing Cu 19: Would you like ... to the cinema? A. to go B. going

B. to do D. do

C. gone

D. go

c k bi kha sau v chn phng n ng (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) cho cc cu t 20 n 24: I was born in Newcastle, a City in the North East of England. Newcastle is on the bank of the River Tyne. It is quite big, with a population of about 200,000 people. There is a cathedral and a university. There are five bridges over the River Tyne, which link Newcastle to the next town, Gateshead, where there is one of the biggest shopping centres in the world. A few years ago, the main industries were shipbuilding and coalmining, but now the chemical and soap industries are important. I moved to London ten years ago but I often return to Newcastle. I miss the people, who are very friendly, and I miss the beautiful countryside near the city, where there are so many hills and streams. Cu 20: Newcastle is . . A. a City near the North East of England B. a small town in England C. a city in the North East of England D. a City in the North of England Cu 21: The population of Newcastle is . . A. 200,000 people B. much less than 200,000 people C. much more than 200,000 people D. about 200,000 people Cu 22: Gateshead has one of . in the world. A. the largest rivers B. the most important shipbuilding industries C. the most beautiful countrysides D. the biggest shopping centres
187

Cu 23: According to the passage, the writer . . A. is still living in Newcastle B. has never returned to Newcastle C. doesnt live in Newcastle any more D. has come back to live in Newcastle Cu 24: Which of the following is NOT true about Newcastle? A. Its people are friendly. B. Its main industry now is shipbuilding. C. It has a cathedral and a university. D. It is next to Gateshead. Xc nh t/cm t c gch di cn phi sa, cc cu sau tr thnh chnh xc: Cu 25: I like pupils who works very hard. A Cu 26: My uncle lived in Hanoi since 1990 to 1998, but he is now living in Hue. A Cu 27: Id like to go on a holiday, but I havent got many money. A B C D B C D B C D

Chn cu (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) din t ng ngha cc cu sau: Cu 28: Every day I spend 30 minutes watering the flowers. A. Every day it takes me 30 minutes water the flowers. B. Every day it takes me 30 minutes to water the flowers. C. Every day it took me 30 minutes water the flowers. D. Every day it took me 30 minutes to water the flowers. Cu 29: Learning English is not easy.
188

A. It is not easy to learning English. B. It is easy learning English. C. It is not easy to learn English. D. It is not difficult to learn English. Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hon thnh cc cu sau: Cu 30: - "When .. ?" - "In 1928". A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover Cu 31: Sara speaks so that I cant understand her. A. fast Cu 32: Each student the lesson very well. A. understand B. understands C. understanding Cu 33: It began to rain while he . A. was fishing C. fishes Cu 34: That book is , so I dont want to read it. A. bored Cu 35: Nam is 5 years than Hoa. A. old B. older C. elder D. eldest B. bore C. boringly D. boring B. is fishing D. has fished B. fastly C. faster D. fastest

189

Cu 36: Youll fail the exam you learn harder. A. if B. unless C. where D. or

Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) in vo ch trng trong bi kho sau, t cu 37 n cu 46: As you turn on the radio for your favourite music programme, do you ever wonder how you can .(37).... those sounds? How do they travel through the air and ...(38)... your radio exactly as they are sent out? It all began nearly a hundred years ago when a young Italian called Guglielmo Marconi discovered .(39). to send sounds through the air. Marconi was bom in Bologna .(40). northern Italy, in 1974. His father was a rich Italian businessman, and his mother was a Scot .(41). had lived in Ireland and had gone to Italy to study music. The family lived in a country house just outside Bologna. ..(42).. he was a boy, people did not think that Marconi was clever. He was a quiet boy who spoke little .(43). thought a lot. He liked to sit and read Science books .(44). his fathers big library. He also loved to .(45). experiments with electricity. For most of his early life, he was ..(46). at home. He did not go to school. Cu 37: Cu 38: Cu 39: Cu 40: Cu 41: Cu 42: Cu 43: Cu 44: Cu 45: Cu 46: A. hear A. make A. how A. in A. whom A. If A. because A. on A. do A. made B. see B. reach B. how much B. on B. which B. Where B. but B. from B. run B. taught C. smell C. travel C. how many C. at C. who C. So C. for C. in C. open C. discorved D. look D. go D. how can D. to D. whose D. When D. as D. by D. read D. invented

190

Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hon thnh cc cu sau: Cu 47: My parents are interested in football matches on TV. A. watching C. watched Cu 48: Jane to me twice a month. A. was writing C. was written Cu 49: Mary is the student in my class. A. tallest C. tall B. taller D. as tall as B. are writtting D. writes B. to watch D. watch

Cu 50: Xc nh t/cm t c gch di cn phi sa, cu sau tr thnh chnh xc: I was listening to the radio last night when the door bell rings. A B B C

191

K THI TT NGHIP TRUNG HC PH THNG NM 2006 Mn thi: TING ANH-H 3 nm P N Cu Cu 1 Cu 2 Cu 3 Cu 4 Cu 5 Cu 6 Cu 7 Cu 8 Cu 9 Cu 10 Cu 11 Cu 12 Cu 13 Cu 14 Cu 15 Cu 16 Cu 17 Cu 18 Cu 19 Cu 20 Cu 21 Cu 22 Cu 23 Cu 24 Cu 25 p n C A D B D C D C A B C A D B B A B A A C D D C B C Cu Cu 26 Cu 27 Cu 28 Cu 29 Cu 30 Cu 31 Cu 32 Cu 33 Cu 34 Cu 35 Cu 36 Cu 37 Cu 38 Cu 39 Cu 40 Cu 41 Cu 42 Cu 43 Cu 44 Cu 45 Cu 46 Cu 47 Cu 48 Cu 49 Cu 50 p n B D B C C A B A D B B A B A A C D B C A B A D A D

192

K THI TT NGHIP TRUNG HC PH THNG NM 2006 Mn thi: TlNG ANH - H 7 nm Thi gian lm bi: 60 pht; 50 cu trc nghim Cu 1: Chn t c trng m chnh nhn vo m tit c v tr khc vi nhng t cn li: A. study A. churches A. heat B. reply B. chairman B. seat C. apply C. chemist C. great D. rely D. changes D. meat Cu 2: Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li: Cu 3: Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li:

Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hon thnh cc cu sau: Cu 4: Gold, as well as silver, .... in price. A. have risen C. rise Cu 5: He .... to New York three times this year. A. had been Cu 6: I remember .... you about this before. A. tell Cu 7: Each of you .... a share in the work. A. have Cu 8: He let the letter .... onto the foor. A. fall Cu 9: .... all my warnings, he tried to fix the computer himself.
193

B. has risen D. are rising

B. was

C. is

D. has been

B. to tell

C. telling

D. told

B. has

C. having

D. to have

B.falls

C. falling

D. fell

A. Instead of C. Although Cu 10:

B. In spite of D. Because

.... your homework finished last night? A. Was Cu 11: Have you decided to apply .... the job yet? A. for Cu 12: Mr. Brown has .... many patients .... he is always busy. A. too/that C. such/that Cu 13: We are very fond .... folk music. A. in Cu 14: The children, .... parents work late, are taken home by bus. A. that Cu 15: He wanted to know the reason .... I was late. A. as Cu 16: She doesnt understand .... I am saying. A. what Cu 17: We have to start early .... we wont be late. A. so that Cu 18: The place .... we spent our holiday was really beautiful. A. what Cu 19:
194

B. Did

C. Are

D. Do

B. to

C. into

D. off

B. very/until D. so/that

B. at

C. with

D. of

B. whom

C. whose

D. their

B. for

C. why

D. because

B. that

C. whose

D. where

B. that

C. because

D. because of

B. who

C. where

D. which

She goes .... a lot. She hardly ever spends an evening at home. A. out Cu 20: There are small .... between British and American English. A. differences C. difference Cu 21: Some species of rare animals are in .... of extinction. A. danger C. dangerously Cu 22: We are .... of the long journey. A. tire Cu 23: Sara speaks so .... that I cant understand her. A. fast Cu 24: Would you mind .... me a hand with this bag? A. give B. giving C. to give D. to giving B. fastly C. faster D. fastest B. tiring C. tired D. to tire B. dangerous D. endanger B. different D. differently B. down C. along D. over

Xc nh t/cm t c gch di cn phi sa, cu sau tr thnh chnh xc: Cu 25: When I came in, everyone were watching a film. A Cu 26: My family spent an interested holiday in Europe last summer. A Cu 27: My uncle lived in Hanoi since 1990 to 1998, but he is now living in Hue. A B C D B C D B C D

195

Cu 28: He stopped to smoke because it is harmful for his health. A B C D

Cu 29: Chn cu (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) din t ng ngha cu sau: I didnt have an umbrella with me, so I got wet. A. If I had had an umbrella, I wouldnt get wet. B. If I had had an umbrella, I would get wet. C. If I had had an umbrella, I wouldnt have got wet. D. If I had had an umbrella, I would have got wet. Cu 30: Chn cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hon thnh cu sau: Peter wanted to win the race. He ran .................. . A. so fast as he can C. fast as he can The coffee was too hot for me to drink. A. The coffee is so hot that I cant drink it. B. The coffee is so hot that I cant drink. C. The coffee was so hot that I couldnt drink. D. The coffee was so hot that I couldnt drink it. Cu 32: Chn cu (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) din t ng ngha cu sau: Learning English is not easy. A. It is not easy to learning English. B. It is easy learning English. C. It is not easy to learn English. D. It is not difficult to learn English. Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) in vo ch trng trong bi kho sau, t cu 33 n cu 42: Approximately 350 minion people ....(33).... English as their first .... (34) .... . About the same number use it .... (35).... a second language. It is the language .... (36).... aviation, international
196

B. fast as he could D. as fast as he could

Cu 31: Chn cu (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) din t ng ngha cu sau:

sport and world trade. 75% of the worlds ....(37).... is in English, 60% of the worlds radio stations ....(38).... in English, and more than half of the worlds newspapers are .... (39).... in English. It is an official language in 44 countries. In .... (40).... others, it is the language of business, commerce and technology. There are many .... (41).... of English, but Scottish, Australian, Indian and Jamaican speakers of English, in spite of the differences in pronunciation, structure and vocabulary, would .... (42).... that they are all speakine the same basic language. Cu 33: Cu 34: Cu 35: Cu 36: Cu 37: Cu 38: Cu 39: Cu 40: Cu 41: Cu 42: A. say A. language A. of A. on A. mail A. broadcast A. spoken A. an A. varieties A. use B.speak B.languages B. with B. to B. parcels B. travel B. printed B. more B. kind B. keep C. tell C. linguistics C. as C. from C. envelopes C. write C. sold C. many C. type C. invent D. talk D. linguist D. in D. of D. letters D. show D. taken D. much D. sort D. recognize

c k bi kha sau v chn phng n ng (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) cho cc cu t 43 n 47: I was born in Newcastle, a City in the North East of England. Newcastle is on the bank of the River Tyne. It is quite big, with a population of about 200,000 people. There is a cathedral and a university. There are five bridges over the River Tyne, which link Newcastle to the next town, Gateshead, where there is one of the biggest shopping centres in the world. A few years ago, the main industries were shipbuilding and coalmining, but now the chemical and soap industries are important. I moved to London ten years ago but I often return to Newcastle. I miss the people, who are very friendly, and I miss the beautiful countryside near the city, where there are so many hills and streams. Cu 43: Newcastle is . . A. a City near the North East of England B. a small town in England C. a city in the North East of England
197

D. a City in the North of England Cu 44: The population of Newcastle is . . A. 200,000 people B. much less than 200,000 people C. much more than 200,000 people D. about 200,000 people Cu 45: Gateshead has one of . in the world. A. the largest rivers B. the most important shipbuilding industries C. the most beautiful countrysides D. the biggest shopping centres Cu 46: According to the passage, the writer . . A. is still living in Newcastle B. has never returned to Newcastle C. doesnt live in Newcastle any more D. has come back to live in Newcastle Cu 47: Which of the following is NOT true about Newcastle? A. Its people are friendly. B. Its main industry now is shipbuilding. C. It has a cathedral and a university. D. It is next to Gateshead. Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hon thnh cc cu sau: Cu 48: Susan is looking for something .................... . A. eat C. to eat Cu 49: We need more sugar. There is .................... sugar in the pot. A. much C. any B. many D. little
198

B. to eating D. eating

Cu 50: .................... is Oxford from Cambridge? A. How long C. How long away B. How far D. How often

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K THI TT NGHIP TRUNG HC PH THNG NM 2006 Mn thi: TlNG ANH - H 7 nm P N

Cu Cu 1 Cu 2 Cu 3 Cu 4 Cu 5 Cu 6 Cu 7 Cu 8 Cu 9 Cu 10 Cu 11 Cu 12 Cu 13 Cu 14 Cu 15 Cu 16 Cu 17 Cu 18 Cu 19 Cu 20 Cu 21 Cu 22 Cu 23 Cu 24 Cu 25

p n A C C B D C B A B A A D D C C A A C A A A C A B C

Cu Cu 26 Cu 27 Cu 28 Cu 29 Cu 30 Cu 31 Cu 32 Cu 33 Cu 34 Cu 35 Cu 36 Cu 37 Cu 38 Cu 39 Cu 40 Cu 41 Cu 42 Cu 43 Cu 44 Cu 45 Cu 46 Cu 47 Cu 48 Cu 49 Cu 50

p n B B A C D D C B A C D A A B C A D C D D C B C D B
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 THI TUYN SINH AI HC, CAO NG NM 2006 Mn thi: TING ANH, khi D Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (t cu 1 n cu 60) Chn phng n (A hoc B, C, D) ng vi t c trng m chnh nhn vo m tit c v tr khc vi ba t cn lai trong mi cu: Cu 1: A. equality C. simplicity Cu 2: A. tenant C. rubbish Cu 3: A. animal C. habitat Cu 4: A. writer Cu 5: A. company C. customer Cu 6: What beautiful eyes _______! A. does she have C. has she Cu 7: Make exercise a part of your daily _______. A. regularity A. In case of C. Because of B. chore C. routine B. In spite of D. But for
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B. difficulty D. discovery B. common D. machine B. bacteria D. pyramid B. teacher C. builder B. atmosphere D. employment D. career

Chn phng n ng (A hoc B, C, D) hon thnh mi cu sau: B. she has D. she doesnt have D. f requency

Cu 8: _______ the storm, the ship couldnt reach its destination on time.

Cu 9: He completely _______ with what I said. A. accepted C. agreed A. of A. since A. would be A. to be interviewed C. to interview A. beat race or religion. A. f elds B. A. patient enough C. enough patient A. leave C. be leaving Cu 18: _______ of the workers has his own work. A. Every A. off A. moderner C. modernized B. Each B. up C. Other C. in B. modernizing D. modernization D. All D. out Cu 19: The numbers add _______ to 70. Cu 20: The equipment in our office needs _______. places C. areas B. so patient D. too patient B. have left D. have been leaving D. grounds Cu 16: The cat was _______ to wait for the mouse to come out of its hole. B. scored B. to B. as if B. is B. complained D. argued C. by C. unless C. has been D. at D. so that D. were

Cu 10: I finished my homework a few days ahead _______ the deadline. Cu 11: He hurried _______ he wouldnt be late for class. Cu 12: If she _______ rich, she would travel around the world. Cu 13: Mary was the last applicant _______. B. to be interviewing D. to have interviewed C. won D. knocked

Cu 14: Argentina _______ Mexico by one goal to nil in the match. Cu 15: There should be no discrimination on _______ of sex,

Cu 17: I cant find my purse anywhere; I must _______ it at the cinema.

Cu 21: He felt _______ when he failed the exams the second time.
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A. discouraged C. undecided A. paper wrapper A. inventings C. inventions A. poor C. penniless A.by B.of B. wrap paper

B. annoyed D. determined C. wrapped paper B. inventories D. inventors B. bankrupt D. broken C.at D.to D. wrapping paper

Cu 22: I have bought a present for my mother, and now I need some _______. Cu 23: Computer is one of the most important _______ of the 20th century.

Cu 24: If they are not careful with their accounts, their business will go _______.

Cu 25: It was really kind _______ you lo help those poor people. Cu 26: Do you know _______? A. what wrone was is it with B. whats wrong with it C. what wrong was with it D. what wrong is it with Cu 27: If you had taken my advice, you _______ in such difficulties. A. wont be C. wouldnt be A. the most obviously C. obviously the most A. you can keep C. you will keep Cu 30: My cat would not have bitten the toy fish A. if she has known C. had she known A. tum the clock round
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B. hadnt been D. wouldnt have been B. most obvious D. the most obvious B. that you kept D. if you kept _______ it was made of rubber. B. if she should know D. if she knew

Cu 28: Hair colour is one of _______ characteristics to be used in identifying people.

Cu 29: I would appreciate it _______ what I have told you a secret.

Cu 31: I wish I hadnt said it. If only I could _______.

B. turn the clock down C. turn the clock back D. turn the clock forward Cu 32: _______, the results couldnt be better. A. No matter what he tried hard B. No matter how hard he tried C. Although very hard he tried D. Despite how hard he tried Cu 33: He gave me his personal _______ that his draft would be ready by Friday. A. endurance A. would be A. step B. insurance B. was B. pace C. assurance C. is C. speed D. ensurance D. will be D. space Cu 34; They will stay there for some days if the weather _______ fine. Cu 35: Many people like the slow _______ of life in the countryside.

oc k on vn sau v chn phng n ng (A hoc B, C, D) cho mi ch trng t cu 36 n cu 45: The next generation of telephone users will probably laugh (36)_______ we explain how we used to stand next to a wall in the kitchen to (37)_______ a phone call. Mobile communications, already highly advanced compared with a decade ago, will completely change communications in the next few years. (38) _______ there are millions of people using mobile phones, most people know (39)_______ about the mobile telecommunications industry and its technology. There are three types of mobile phone. These are hand portables, pocket-sized hand portables and transportables. The smallest and most popular are the pocket-sized hand portables. These work on rechargeable batteries, which allow an (40) _______ of up to 80 minutes conversation. Mobiles that are fitted permanently in a vehicle do not (41) _______ on separate batteries. They require an external aerial on the vehicle. This can mean a stronger signal with clearer (42)_______ . Transportables have a high power capability and can be used (43) _______ anywhere. They come with powerful battery packs for longer, continuous use and may also be put (44) _______ a vehicle, using its electrics. They (45) _______to be bulkier than hand portables.
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Cu 36: Cu 37: Cu 38: Cu 39: Cu 40: Cu 42: Cu 43: Cu 44: Cu 45:

A. unless A. make A. In addition A. little A. amount A. wave A. mostly A. on with A. used

B. when B. give B. Because B. some B. account B. letter B. hardly B. into B. have

C. while C. take C. As a result C. few C. activity C. speech C. most C. up with C. tend

D. whether D. do D. Although D. lots D. average D. speed D. almost D. in to D. are

oc k on vn sau v chn phng n ng (A hoc B, C, D) cho mi cu t 46 n 50: Sometimes you know things about people the first time you see them, for example, that you want to be friends with them or that you dont trust them. But perhaps this kind of intuition isnt as hard to explain as it may seem. For instance, people give out body language signals all the time. The way you hold your body, head and arms tells people about your mood. If you hold your arms tightly at your sides, or fold them across your chest, people will generally feel that you are being defensive. Holding your head to one side shows interest in the other, while an easy, "open" posture indicates that you are self-confident. All this affects the way you feel about someone. AIso, a stranger may remind you of a meeting with someone. This may be because of something as simple as the fact that he or she is physically similar to someone who treated you well or badly. Your feelings about a stranger could be influenced by a smell in the air that brings to mind a place where you were happy as a child. Since even a single word can bring back a memory such as that, you may never realize it is happening. Cu 46: What does the word "open" in the passage most closely mean? A. Unrestrained. C. Confined. A. Intuition. C. Knowledge. A. strengthens ones past behaviours
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B. Relaxed. D. Unlimited. B. Familiarity. D. Feeling.

Cu 47: What influences your impression of a person you meef the first time?

Cu 48: What one feels about a stranger may be influenced by something that ________.

B. reminds one of ones past treatment C. revives ones past memories D. points to ones childhood Cu 49: What does the second paragraph discuss? A. Meanings of signals one implies towards a stranger. B. Factors that may influence ones feelings about a stranger. C. How people usually behave to a stranger. D. Factors that cause people to act differently. Cu 50: Intuition described in the passage can be explained by means of _______ . A. styles C. patterns B. languages D. behaviours

c k on vn sau v chn phng n ng (A hoc B, C, D) cho mi cu t 51 n 55: Upon the creation of the United States, one of the core concepts on which the hopes for the new democracy were pinned was the ideal that its citizens would be enlightened individuals with clearly articulated rights and the opportunity for individual achievement and education. It was believed that in a free nation where the power belongs to the people, the commitment to education defines the progress of that democracy and is the catalyst for future progress. This core value has not only stood the test of time but has also grown in importance. In this new Information Era and international economy, education is an increasingly vital comnodity, a precursor of potential success and a driving force of change. It is important to recognize, however, that we approach education today differently than in the past, partly because the kinds of jobs people had didnt require the kind of basic education and specialized training that is often required in the workforce today. In the 1950s, for instance, only 20 percent of American jobs were classified as professional, 20 percent as skilled, and 60 percent as unskilled. Today, our world has changed. The proportion of unskilled jobs has fallen to 20 percent, while skilled jobs now account for at least 60 percent of the workforce. Even more important, almost every job today increasingly requires a combination of academic knowledge and practical skills that require leaming throughout a lifetime. Cu 51: Education is defined in this passage as a driving force of change because ______. A. without education, no changes could have happened in American society so far
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B. the government of the United States want to drive social changes in their own ways C. education has helped to bring about and orient most changes in the American workforce D. any American citizen who wants to change his driving licence must be very welleducated Cu 52: The passage shows the percentage of jobs that require higher training in the US ______ between the 1950s and now. A. has remained the same B. has changed dramatically C. has been reversed D. has changed slightly Cu 53: The phrase "enlightened individuals" in the first sentence most likely means people who ______ A. always appear brilliant-looking in public B. have often been well-exposed to light C. have acquired an adequate level of education D. bring light to anywhere they go Cu 54: In order to become a good American citizen today, in the authors point of view, any individual must ______. A. know well all his/her rights and be ready to grasp his/her opportunity of success in life B. study carefully the history of American educational and vocational systems even since their creation C. understand thoroughly the combination of academic knowledge and practical skills D. move actively forward in the new Information Era and international economy with a prestigious diploma Cu 55: Which of the following titles would be best for the passage? A. Education and Jobs in the Past and at Present in the United States B. The Significant Role of Education in American Citizens Careers
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C. Academic Knowledge and Practical Skills in American Professions D. Recent Changes of Educational and Vocational Systems in America Chn phng n (A hoc B, C, D) ng vi t/cm t c gch chn cn phi sa trong cc cu sau: Cu 56: If you need to keep ft, then why not take on a sport such as badminton or tennis? A A B B C A lives on an isolating farm. D Cu 59: Toms very good at science when his brother is absolutely hopeless. A A B B C C D D Cu 60: Daisy has such many things to do that she has no time to go out. C D D B C Cu 57: When her dog died, she cried very hardly for half an hour. Cu 58: Modern transportation can speed a doctor to the side of a sick person, even if the patient

PHN T CHN: Th sinh chn cc cu 61-70 hoc 71-80 Lu : Nu chn lm cc cu 71-80 th th sinh b trng cc cu 61-70 trn phiu tr li trc nghim. Chn phng n (A hoc B, C, D) ng vi cu c ngha gn nht vi mi cu cho sn sau y: Cu 61: Leave my house now or Ill call the police! shouted the lady to the man. A. The lady threatened to call the police if the man didnt leave her house. B. The lady said that she would call the police if the man didnt leave her house. C. The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didnt leave her house. D. The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didnt leave her house. Cu 62: He last had his eyes tested ten months ago. A. He had tested his eyes ten months before.
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B. He had not tested his eyes for ten months then. C. He hasnt had his eyes tested for ten months. D. He didnt have any test on his eyes in ten months. Cu 63: You should have finished the report by now, John told his secretary. A. John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report. B. John said that his secretary had not finished the report. C. John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time. D. John scolded his secretary for not having finished the report. Cu 64: If I were you, I would take the job, said my room-mate. A. My room-mate was thinking about taking the job. B. My room-mate advised me to take the job. C. My room-mate introduced the idea of taking the job to me. D. My room-mate insisted on taking the job for me. Cu 65: Its too stuffy in this room, isnt it? said the guest. A. The guest suggested that the room should be aired. B. The guest remarked that the room should be aired. C. The guest said that the room was too crowded. D. The guest said that there was too much stuff in the room. Cu 66: Cigarette? he asked. No, thanks. I said. A. He asked for a cigarette, and I immediately refused. B. He mentioned a cigarette, so I thanked him. C. He offered me a cigarette, but I promptly declined. D. He asked if I was smoking, and I denied at once. Cu 67: The doctor said, You really ought to rest for a few days, Jasmine. A. Jasmines doctor insisted that she should rest for a few days. B. The doctor suggested that Jasmine should take a short rest. C. It is the doctors recommendation that Jasmine rested shortly. D. The doctor strongly advis^d Jasmine to take a few days rest. Cu 68: "I will pay back the money, Gloria." said Ivan.

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A. Ivan apologised to Gloria for borrowing her imney. B. Ivan offered to pay Gloria the money back. C. Ivan promised to pay back Glorias money. D. Ivan suggested paying back the money to Gloria. Cu 69: The children couldnt go swimming because the sea was too rough. A. The children were not calm enough to swim in the sea. B. The sea was rough enough for the children to swim in. C. The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming. D. The sea was too rough to the childrens swimming. Cu 70: Would you like to come to my birthday party, Sarah? asked Frederic. A. Frederic invited Sarah to his birthday party. B. Frederic asked if Sarah was able to come to his birthday party. C. Frederic asked Sarah if she liked his birthday party or not. D. Frederic reminded Sarah of his coming birthday party. Chn phng n (A hoc B, C, D) ng vi cu tt nht c to ra bng nhng t cho sn: Cu 71: opinion/ election/ fair A. My opinion was fair about the election. B. In my opinion, I think the election was fair. C. According to my opinion, the election was fair. D. In my opinion, the election was fair. Cu 72: you/ really/ be/ able/ dress/ yourself / age A. You must really be able of dressing yourself in your age. B. You should really be able to dress yourself at your age! C. You have really been able of dressing yourself by your age. D. You are really able of dressing yourself this age! Cu 73: provide/ your handwriting/ legible/ test scorer/ accept/ your answer A. Providing your handwriting is legible, the test scorer does not accept your answer. B. Provided for your legible handwriting, the test scorer has to accept your answer. C. Provided that your handwriting is legible, your answer will be accepted by any test
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scorer. D. Providing with your legible handwriting, every test scorer must accept your answer. Cu 74: imagine/ who/ happen/ run into/ yesterday/just A. You imagine just who happened to run into us yesterday! B. Have you just imagined who happened to run into me yesterday? C. Could you imagine who just happened to run into us yesterday? D. Just imagine who I happened to run into yesterday! Cu 75: Jack/ recover/ quickly/ his serious illness A. Jack was recovered very quickly from his serious illness. B. Jack has recovered quite quickly from his serious illness. C. Jack will recover quite quickly af ter his serious illness. D. Jack recovered more quickly over his serious illness. Cu 76: be/ clear/ what/ expect/ you A. Are you clear about your expectation? B. Are you clear what is expected of you to do? C. Are your expectations clear? D. Are you clear what is expected of you? Cu 77: hilltop/ have/ good/ view/ our village A. The hilltop can make our village views better. B. From the hilltop, our village can be well viewed. C. From the hilltop, we can have a better view of our village. D. From the hilltop, our village can have a better view. Cu 78: students/ remember/ deadline for entries/ final test A. All the students surely remember the deadline for entries for the final test. B. All the students must remexnber well the deadline for entries for the final test. C. All the students should remember clearly the deadline for entries for the final test. D. All of the students can certainly remember the deadline for entries for the final test. Cu 79: man/ sentence/ 15 years/ prison/ he/ prove/ guilty A. The man will get a sentence for himself to 15 years in prison if he proves himself

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guilty. B. The man was sentenced about 15 years in prison and proved himself guilty. C. The man was sentenced to 15 years in prison because he had been proved guilty. D. The man should make his final sentence after 15 years in prison as he proved himself guilty. Cu 80: school-leavers/ choose/ college/ employment/ immediate A. School-leavers can choose either college or immediate employment. B. School-leavers can make a choice among college and employment immediately. C. School-leavers can choose either college and employment immediately. D. School-leavers can make an immediate choice of neither college nor employment.

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P N THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2006 Mn: TING ANH, khi D

Cu Cu 1 Cu 2 Cu 3 Cu 4 Cu 5 Cu 6 Cu 7 Cu 8 Cu 9 Cu 10 Cu 11 Cu 12 Cu 13 Cu 14 Cu 15 Cu 16 Cu 17 Cu 18 Cu 19 Cu 20 Cu 21 Cu 22 Cu 23 Cu 24 Cu 25 Cu 26 Cu 27 Cu 28 Cu 29

p n B D B D D B C C C A D D A A D A B B B B A D C B B B D D D

Cu Cu 30 Cu 31 Cu 32 Cu 33 Cu 34 Cu 35 Cu 36 Cu 37 Cu 38 Cu 39 Cu 40 Cu 41 Cu 42 Cu 43 Cu 44 Cu 45 Cu 46 Cu 47 Cu 48 Cu 49 Cu 50 Cu 51 Cu 52 Cu 53 Cu 54 Cu 55 Cu 56 Cu 57 Cu 58

p n C C B C C B B A D A D A C D B C B A C B D C B C A B C C D

Cu Cu 59 Cu 60 Cu 61 Cu 62 Cu 63 Cu 64 Cu 65 Cu 66 Cu. 67 Cu 68 Cu 69 Cu 70 Cu 71 Cu 72 Cu 73 Cu 74 Cu 75 Cu 76 Cu 77 Cu 78 Cu 79 Cu 80

p n B A A C A B A C D C C A D B C D B D C B C A

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