Fundamentals of Physics

Halliday & Resnic

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1 12
0401 0409

.

CH29Current-Produced Magnetic Field
2, 5, 6, 11, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 35, 39, 43, 45, 47, 51, 53, 59, 63

Problem 29-2
A straight conductor carrying current 5.0 i A = splits into identical semicircular arcs as shown in
Fig. 29-35. What is the magnetic field at the center C of the resulting circular loop?

29-35
<>The straight segment of the wire produces no magnetic field at C (see the straight sections
discussion in Sample Problem 29-1). Also, the fields from the two semi-circular loops
cancel at C (by symmetry). Therefore, B
C
= 0.


Problem 29-5
In Fig. 29-37, two circular arcs have radii 13.5 a cm = and 10.7 b cm = , subtend angle
0
74.0 u = ,
carry current 0.411 i A = , and share the same center of curvature P. What are the (a) magnitude and
(b) direction (into or out of the page) of the net magnetic field at P?

29-37
<>(a) Recalling the straight sections discussion in Sample Problem 29-1, we see that the current
in the straight segments collinear with P do not contribute to the field at that point. Using
Eq. 29-9 (with | = u) and the right-hand rule, we find that the current in the semicircular
arc of radius b contributes
0
4
i
b
u
t
(out of the page) to the field at P. Also, the current in
the large radius arc contributes
0
4
i
a
u
t
(into the page) to the field there. Thus, the net field
Fundamentals of Physics
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at P is

0
1 1 ( 4 T m A ) ( 0 . 4 1 1 A ) ( 7 4 / 1 8 0 ) 1 1
4 4 0 . 1 0 7 m 0 . 1 3 5 m
1 . 0 2 T .
i
B
b a
u t
t
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
=
- 7
- 7
p 10
10

(b) The direction is out of the page.

Problem 29-6
In Fig. 29-38, two semicircular arcs have radii
2
7.80 R cm = and
1
3.15 R cm = , carry current
0.281 i A = , and share the same center of curvature C. What are the (a) magnitude and (b) direction
(into or out of the page) of the net magnetic field at C?

29-38
<>(a) Recalling the straight sections discussion in Sample Problem 29-1, we see that the current
in segments AH and JD do not contribute to the field at point C. Using Eq. 29-9 (with
| t = ) and the right-hand rule, we find that the current in the semicircular arc H J
contributes
0
1
4
i
R

(into the page) to the field at C. Also, arc D A contributes

0
2
4
i
R

(out of
the page) to the field there. Thus, the net field at C is

0
1 2
1 1 (4 T m A)(0.281A) 1 1
1.67 T.
4 4 0.0315m 0.0780m
i
B
R R
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ .
\ .
- 7
- 6
p 10
10
(b) The direction of the field is into the page.

Problem 29-11
In Fig. 29-42, a current 10 i A = is set up in a long hairpin conductor formed by bending a wire
into a semicircle of radius 5.0 R mm = . Point b is midway between the straight sections and so
distant from the semicircle that each straight section can be approximated as being an infinite wire.
What are the (a) magnitude and (b) direction (into or out of the page) of at a and the (c) magnitude
and (d) direction of at b?

29-42
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<>(a) We find the field by superposing the results of two semi-infinite wires (Eq. 29-7) and a
semicircular arc (Eq. 29-9 with | = t rad). The direction of

B is out of the page, as can

be checked by referring to Fig. 29-6(c). The magnitude of

B at point a is therefore

7
3 0 0 0
1 1 ( 4 1 0 T m / A ) ( 1 0 A ) 1 1
2 1 . 0 1 0 T
4 2 2 2 ( 0 . 0 0 5 0 m ) 2
a
i i i
B
R R R
t t
t t t t

| | | | | |
= + = + = + =
| | |
4
\ . \ . \ .

upon substituting i = 10 A and R = 0.0050 m.
(b) The direction of this field is out of the page, as Fig. 29-6(c) makes clear.
(c) The last remark in the problem statement implies that treating b as a point midway
between two infinite wires is a good approximation. Thus, using Eq. 29-4,
7
4 0 0
(4 10 T m/A)(10 A)
2 8.0 10 T.
2 (0.0050 m)
b
i i
B
R R
t
t t

| |
= = = =
|
t
\ .

(d) This field, too, points out of the page.


Problem 29-13
Figure 29-44 shows a proton moving at velocity

( 200 / ) v m s j =

toward a long straight wire with

current 350 i mA = . At the instant shown, the protons distance from the wire is 2.89 d cm = . In
unit-vector notation, what is the magnetic force on the proton due to the current?

29-44
<>We assume the current flows in the +x direction and the particle is at some distance d in the
+y direction (away from the wire). Then, the magnetic field at the location of a proton with
charge q is
0

( / 2 ) k. B i d t =

Thus,

F qv B
iq
d
v = =

0
2

. k
e j

In this situation,

v v =

j
ej
(where v is the speed and is a positive value), and q > 0. Thus,

( )

( )
0 0
19
2 2
(4 T m A)(0.350A)(1.60 10 C)(200m/s)
2 (0.0289 m)
( 7.75 N) .
iqv iqv
F j k i
d d
i
i

t
7
23
= =
t t
t10
=
= 10

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Problem 29-17
In Fig. 29-48, point
1
P is at distance 13.1 R cm = on the perpendicular bisector of a straight wire
of length 18.0 L cm = carrying current 58.2 i mA = . (Note that the wire is not long.) What is the
magnitude of the magnetic field at
1
P due to i ?

29-48
<>Our x axis is along the wire with the origin at the midpoint. The current flows in the positive
x direction. All segments of the wire produce magnetic fields at P
1
that are out of the page.
According to the Biot-Savart law, the magnitude of the field any (infinitesimal) segment
produces at P
1
is given by
dB
i
r
dx =
u
0
2
4
sin

where u (the angle between the segment and a line drawn from the segment to P
1
) and r
(the length of that line) are functions of x. Replacing r with x R
2 2
+ and sin u with
2 2
R R
r
x R
=
+
we integrate from
2
L
x = to
2
L
x = . The total field is
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
2 2
0 0 0
3 2 1 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
8
2 2
1
4 4 2
4
4 T m A 0.0582 A
0.180m
5.03 10 T.
m
(0.180m) 4(0.131m)
L L
L
L
iR iR i dx x L
B
R R
L R x R x R

= = =
+ + +

= =
+
}
- 7
p p p
p 10
2p 0.131



Problem 29-21
In Fig. 29-48, point
2
P is at perpendicular distance 25.1 R cm = from one end of straight wire of
length 13.6 L cm = carrying current 0.693 i A = . (Note that the wire is not long.) What is the
magnitude of the magnetic field at
2
P ?
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29-48
<>Our x axis is along the wire with the origin at the right endpoint, and the current is in the
positive x direction. All segments of the wire produce magnetic fields at P
2
that are out of
the page. According to the Biot-Savart law, the magnitude of the field any (infinitesimal)
segment produces at P
2
is given by
dB
i
r
dx =
u
0
2
4
sin

where u (the angle between the segment and a line drawn from the segment to P
2
) and r (the
length of that line) are functions of x. Replacing r with x R
2 2
+ and sin u with
R r R x R = +
2 2
, we integrate from x = L to x = 0. The total field is
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
0 0
0 0
3 2 1 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
7
2 2
1
4 4 4
4 T m A 0.693 A
0.136m
1.32 10 T.
m
(0.136m) (0.251m)
L
L
iR iR i dx x L
B
R R
L R x R x R

= = =
+ + +

= =
+
}
0
- 7
p p p
p 10
4p 0.251



Problem 29-25
In Fig. 29-54, two long straight wires (shown in cross section) carry currents
1
30.0 i mA = and
2
40.0 i mA = directly out of the page. They are equal distances from the origin, where they set up a
magnetic field B

. To what value must current i1 be changed in order to rotate B

0
20.0
clockwise?

29-54
<>We use Eq. 29-4 to relate the magnitudes of the magnetic fields B
1
and B
2
to the currents (i
1

and i
2
, respectively) in the two long wires. The angle of their net field is
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1 1 0 2 2
1 1
tan tan 53.13
B i
B i
u

= = = .
The accomplish the net field rotation described in the problem, we must achieve a final
angle
0 0 0
53.13 20 33.13 u' = = . Thus, the final value for the current i
1
must be
2
61.3
tan
i
mA
u
=
'
.


Problem 29-29
Figure 29-57 shows two very long straight wires (in cross section) that each carry a current of 4.00
A directly out of the page. Distance
1
6.00 d m = and distance
2
4.00 d m = . What is the magnitude
of the net magnetic field at point P, which lies on a perpendicular bisector to the wires?

29-57
<>Using the right-hand rule (and symmetry), we see that B

net
points along what we will refer
to as the y axis (passing through P), consisting of two equal magnetic field y-components.
Using Eq. 29-17,
0
net
| | 2 sin
2
i
B
r

u
t
=

where i = 4.00 A, r =
2 2
2 1
/ 4 5.00 m, r d d = + = and
1 1 1 2
1
4.00 m 4
tan tan tan 53.1
/ 2 6.00 m/ 2 3
d
d
u

| |
| | | |
= = = =
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
.
Therefore,
0
net
(4 T m A)(4.00 A)
| | sin sin53.1 2.56 T
( m)
i
B
r

u
t t
7
7
t10
= = = 10
5.00

Problem 29-35
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Figure 29-63 shows wire 1 in cross section; the wire is long and straight, carries a current of 4.00
mA out of the page, and is at distance
1
2.40 d cm = from a surface. Wire 2, which is parallel to
wire 1 and also long, is at horizontal distance
2
5.00 d cm = from wire 1 and carries a current of
6.80 mA into the page. What is the x component of the magnetic force per unit length on wire 2 due
to wire 1?

29-63
<>Eq. 29-13 gives the magnitude of the force between the wires, and finding the x-component
of it amounts to multiplying that magnitude by cos| =
d
2
d
1
2
+ d
2
2
. Therefore, the
x-component of the force per unit length is

0 1 2 2
2 2
1 2
7 3 3
2 2
11
2 ( )
(4 10 T m/A)(4.00 10 A)(6.80 10 A)(0.050 m)
2 [(0.0240 m) (0.050 m) ]
8.84 10 N/m
x
F i i d
L d d

t
t

=
+
t
=
+
=



Problem 29-39
In Fig. 29-49, four long straight wires are perpendicular to the page, and their cross sections form a
square of edge length 13.5 a cm = . Each wire carries 7.50 A, and the currents are out of the page in
wires 1 and 4 and into the page in wires 2 and 3. In unit-vector notation, what is the net magnetic
force per meter of wire length on wire 4?

29-49
<>We use Eq. 29-13 and the superposition of forces:

F F F F
4 14 24 34
= + + . With u = 45, the
situation is as shown on the right.
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The components of

F
4
are given by
2 2 2
0 0 0
4 43 42
cos 45 3
cos
2 4 2 2
x
i i i
F F F
a a a

u

= = =
p p p

And
2 2 2
0 0 0
4 41 42
sin 45
sin .
2 4 2 2
y
i i i
F F F
a a a

u

= = =
p p p

Thus,
( )
( )( )
( )
1 2
2 2
2 2
1 2
2 2 0 0
4 4 4
2
2
0
4
3
4 4
10 4 T m A 7.50A
10
4 4 0.135m
1.32 10 N/m
x y
i i
F F F
a a
i
a

t
7

(
| | | |
( = + = +
| |
t t
( \ . \ .

t10
= =
t
=

and

F
4
makes an angle | with the positive x axis, where
| =
F
H
G
I
K
J
=
F
H
G
I
K
J
=

tan tan .
1 4
4
1
1
3
162
F
F
y
x

In unit-vector notation, we have

0 0
1
(1.32 N/m)[cos162 sin162 ]
( 1.25 N/m) (4.17 N/m)
F i j
i j
4
4 5
= 10 +
= 10 + 10

Problem 29-43
Each of the eight conductors in Fig. 29-68 carries 2.0 A of current into or out of the page. Two paths
are indicated for the line integral B ds
}

. What is the value of the integral for (a) path 1 and (b)
path 2?
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29-68
<>(a) Two of the currents are out of the page and one is into the page, so the net current
enclosed by the path is 2.0 A, out of the page. Since the path is traversed in the
clockwise sense, a current into the page is positive and a current out of the page is
negative, as indicated by the right-hand rule associated with Amperes law. Thus,
( )
7 6
0
(4 10 T m/A) 2.0A 2.5 10 T m. B ds i

= = t =
}

(b) The net current enclosed by the path is zero (two currents are out of the page and two are
into the page), so

B ds i = =
z

0
0
enc
.


Problem 29-45
Figure 29-70 shows a cross section across a diameter of a long cylindrical conductor of radius
2.00 a cm = carrying uniform current 170 A. What is the magnitude of the currents magnetic field
at radial distance (a) 0, (b) 1.00 cm, (c) 2.00 cm (wires surface), and (d) 4.00 cm?

29-70
<>We use Eq. 29-20
0
2
2
ir
B
a

t
= for the B-field inside the wire ( r a < ) and Eq. 29-17
0
2
i
B
r

t
=
for that outside the wire (r > a).
(a) At 0, r = 0 B= .
(b) At 0.0100m r = ,
7
4 0
2 2
(4 10 T m/A)(170A)(0.0100m)
8.50 10 T.
2 2 (0.0200m)
ir
B
a

t t

t
= = =
(c) At 0.0200m r a = = ,
7
3 0
2 2
(4 10 T m/A)(170A)(0.0200m)
1.70 10 T.
2 2 (0.0200m)
ir
B
a

t t

t
= = =
(d) At 0.0400m r = ,
7
4 0
(4 10 T m/A)(170A)
8.50 10 T.
2 2 (0.0400m)
i
B
r

t t

t
= = =

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Problem 29-47
The current density J

inside a long, solid, cylindrical wire of radius 3.1 a mm = is in the

direction of the central axis, and its magnitude varies linearly with radial distance r from the axis
according to
0
J r
J
a
= , where
2
0
310 / J A m = . Find the magnitude of the magnetic field at (a)
0 r = , (b)
2
a
r = , and (c) r a = .
<>For r a s , ( ) ( )
2
0 enc 0 0 0 0
0
0 0
2 2 .
2 2 2 3
r r
i J r r
B r J r rdr J rdr
r r a a

| |
= = = =
|
\ .
} }
p p
p p p

(a) At 0, r = 0 B= .
(b) At
2
a
r = , we have
( )
2 7 2 3 2
7 0 0
3
(4 10 T m/A)(310A/m )(3.1 10 m/ 2)
1.0 10 T.
3 3(3.1 10 m)
J r
B r
a

t
= = =

(c) At , r a =
( )
7 2 3
7 0 0
(4 10 T m/A)(310A/m )(3.1 10 m)
4.0 10 T.
3 3
J a
B r a

t
= = = =


Problem 29-51
A toroid having a square cross section, 5.00 cm on a side, and an inner radius of 15.0 cm has 500
turns and carries a current of 0.800 A. (It is made up of a square solenoid instead of a round one
as in Fig. 29-17bent into a doughnut shape.) What is the magnetic field inside the toroid at (a) the
inner radius and (b) the outer radius?

29-17
<>(a) We use Eq. 29-24. The inner radius is r = 15.0 cm, so the field there is
B
iN
r
= =

=

0
7
4
2
4 10 0800 500
2 0150
533 10
t
t
t
T m/ A A
m
T.
c hb gb g
b g
.
.
.
(b) The outer radius is r = 20.0 cm. The field there is
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B
iN
r
= =

=

0
7
4
2
4 10 0800 500
2 0200
4 00 10
t
t
t
T m/ A A
m
T.
c hb gb g
b g
.
.
.


Problem 29-53
A long solenoid with 10.0 turns/cm and a radius of 7.00 cm carries a current of 20.0 mA. A current
of 6.00 A exists in a straight conductor located along the central axis of the solenoid. (a) At what
radial distance from the axis will the direction of the resulting magnetic field be at 45.0 to the axial
direction? (b) What is the magnitude of the magnetic field there?
<>(a) We denote the

B -fields at point P on the axis due to the solenoid and the wire as

B
s
and

B
w
, respectively. Since

B
s
is along the axis of the solenoid and

B
w
is perpendicular to
it,

B B
s w
respectively. For the net field

B to be at 45 with the axis we then must

have B
s
= B
w
. Thus,
B i n B
i
d
s s w
w
= = =

0
0
2t
,
which gives the separation d to point P on the axis:
d
i
i n
w
s
= =

2
600
2 200 10 10
4 77
3
t t
.
.
. .
A
A turns cm
cm
c hb g

(b) The magnetic field strength is
( )( )( )
7 3 5
2 2 4 10 T m A 20.0 10 A 10turns 0.0100m 3.55 10 T.
s
B B

= = t =


Problem 29-59
A student makes a short electromagnet by winding 300 turns of wire around a wooden cylinder of
diameter 5.0 d cm = . The coil is connected to a battery producing a current of 4.0 A in the wire. (a)
What is the magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment of this device? (b) At what axial distance
z d >> will the magnetic field have the magnitude 5.0 T (approximately one-tenth that of
Earths magnetic field)?
<>(a) The magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment is given by = NiA, where N is the
number of turns, i is the current, and A is the area. We use A = tR
2
, where R is the radius.
Thus,
= = = Ni R t t
2
2
2
300 40 0025 24 b gb gb g . . . . A m A m
(b) The magnetic field on the axis of a magnetic dipole, a distance z away, is given by Eq.
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29-27: B
z
=

0
3
2t
.
We solve for z: z
B
=
F
H
G
I
K
J
=

F
H
G
I
K
J
=

0
1 3 7 2
6
1 3
2
4 10 2 36
2 50 10
46
t
t
t
T m A A m
T
cm
c hc h
c h
.
.
.


Problem 29-63
A circular loop of radius 12 cm carries a current of 15 A. A flat coil of radius 0.82 cm, having 50
turns and a current of 1.3 A, is concentric with the loop. The plane of the loop is perpendicular to
the plane of the coil. Assume the loops magnetic field is uniform across the coil. What is the
magnitude of (a) the magnetic field produced by the loop at its center and (b) the torque on the coil
due to the loop?
<>(a) We denote the large loop and small coil with subscripts 1 and 2, respectively.
B
i
R
1
0 1
1
7
5
2
4 10 15
2 012
7 9 10 = =

=

t T m A A
m
T.
c hb g
b g .
.
(b) The torque has magnitude equal to
( )( )( ) ( )
2
2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1
2
2 5
6
| | sin90
1.3A 0.82 10 m 7.9 10 T
1.1 10 N m.
B B N i A B N i r B t t
t

= = = =
= 50
=