KMU 203, 21 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

HOMEWORK 3

1. A mold grows at a rate proportional to its present size. If the original amount doubles in
one day, what proportion of the original amount will be present in five days?

Hint: Designate the initial amount by N0. It is not necessary to know N0 explicitly.
dN
 kN  0 N ( t )  ce kt (I)
dt
t 0 N( t )  N o N o  ce k ( 0 )  c N ( t )  N o e kt (II)

The value of k for which N=2No when t=1 day. Substituting these values into (II) and solving
for k,
2N o  N o e k 2  ek

N ( t )  N o 2 5  32 N o

2. A hot pie that was cooked at a constant temperature of 325oF is taken directly from an
oven and placed outdoors in the shade to cool on a day when the air temperature in the
shade is 85oF. After 5 minutes in the shade, the temperature of the pie had been reduced to
250oF. Determine (a) the temperature of the pie after 20 minutes and (b) the time required
for the pie to reach 275oF.

dT dT
 kT  kTm  kT  85k T  ce kt  85
dt dt

t 0 T  325o F

325  85  ce 0 c  240 T  240e kt  85

t 5 T  250 o F

250  240e k 5  85 e 5k  0.6875

a) After 20 mins.

T  240e(  k 5 ) x 4  85 T  240( 0.6875 )5  85  138.6 o F

b) T  275o F t ?

190
275  240e kt  85  e  kt
240
5
 19 
( e 5 k )5    ( e 5k )t  0.3110 ( 0.6875 )t  0.3110 t  3.12 mins
 24 
3. A tank contains 40 L of a chemical solution prepared by dissolving 80 g of a soluble
substance in fresh water. Fluid containing 2 g of this substance per liter runs in at the rate of
3 L/mm and the well–stirred mixture runs out at the same rate. Find the amount of
substance in the tank after 20 minutes.

 dQ   f 
.Q  be
 
 dt   Vo  ( e  f )t 

Vo  40 L a  80 g b  2g / L e  f  3L / min

 dQ   3 
  .Q  6 P( t )  3 / 40 q( t )  6
 dt   40  0 

I( t )  e
( 3 / 40 )dt d ( 3 / 40 )t
 e( 3 / 40 )t (e .Q )  6e ( 3 / 40 )t
dt

6 x40 ( 3 / 40 )t
e( 3 / 40 )t .Q   6e( 3 / 40 )t  c e ( 3 / 40 )t .Q  e c
3

Q  80  ce ( 3 / 40 )t

t 0 Q  80

80  80  c c0 Q  80 g

4. The air in a certain room 150’x50’x12’ tested 0.2 % CO2. Fresh air containing 0.05
% CO2 was then admitted by ventilators at the rate 9000 ft3/min. find the
percentage CO2 after 20 minutes.

Let x denote the number of cubic feet of CO2 in the room at time t, the concentration
x
of CO2 then being . During the interval dt ,
90000

the amount of CO2 entering the room is 9000(0.0005) dt ft3

 x  3
the amount leaving is 9000 dt ft .
 90000 

 x  x  45
Hence the change dx in the interval is dx  9000 0.0005 - dt   dt
 90000  10

Integrating, 10 ln( x  45 )  t  ln C1 and x  45  Ce t / 10

t  0 , x  0.002( 90000 )  180 then C  180  45  135 and x  45  135e t / 10

t  20 , x  45  135e 20 / 10  45  135e 2  63

63
The percentage CO is then  0.0007  0.07%
90000
5. A steam pipe 20 cm in diameter is protected with a covering 6 cm thick for which
k=0.0003.

a) Find the heat loss per hour through a meter length of the pipe if the surface of the
pipe is 200oC and that of the outer surface is 30oC.

b) Find the temperature at a distance x>10 cm from the center of the pipe.

At a distance x>10 cm from the center of the pipe heat is flowing across a cylindrical
shell of surface area 2x cm2 per cm of length of pipe.

dT dT dx
Q  kA  2kx or 2kdT  Q
dx dx x

a) Integrating between the limits T=30, x=16 and T=200, x=10;

340k
200 10
dx
2k  dT  Q  , 340k  Q(ln 16  ln 10 )  Q ln 1.6 and Q  cal/sec.
30 16
x ln 1.6

Thus the heat loss per hour through a meter length of pipe is 100(60)2 Q = 245000 cal.

340k dx
b) Integrating, 2kdT   between the limits T=30, x=16 and T=T, x=x;
ln 1.6 x
T x
170 dx 170 x 170 16 o
30dT   ln 1.6 16 x T  30   ln
ln 1.6 16
and T  ( 30  ln ) C
ln 1.6 x

170
Check when x  10 T  ( 30  ln 1.6 )  200 o C
ln 1.6

when x  16 T  ( 30  0 )  30 o C

6. Find the time required for a cylindrical tank of a radius 8 ft and height 10 ft to empty
through a round hole of radius 1 inch in the bottom of the tank, given that water will issue
from such a hole with velocity approximately ft/sec, h being the depth of the
water in the tank.

The volume of water which runs out per second may be thought of as that of a cylinder 1 in
in radius and height v. Hence the volume which runs out in time dt sec is


2
1
   ( 4.8 h )dt  ( 4.8 h )dt
 12  144

Denoting by dh the corresponding drop in the water level in the tank, the volume of water
which runs out is also given by 64dh .Hence,

 64( 144 ) dh dh
( 4.8 h )dt  64dh dt    1920
144 or 4.8 h h

Integrating between t=0, h=10 and t=t, h=0;

t 0
dh 0

 dt  1920 
0 10 h
t  3840 h
10
 3840 10s  3 h 22 min