Incidence of learning Disability:

Currently, almost 2.9 million school-aged children in the United States are classified as having
specific learning disabilities and receive some kind of special education support. In fact, over half of all
children who receive special education have a learning disability (24th Annual Report to Congress . . . , 2002).
They are approximately 5% of all school-aged children in public schools. (These numbers do not include
children in private and religious schools or home-schooled children.) Learning disabilities is by far the largest
category of special education.


Classifications of Learning Disability:
1.)Language-related learning disabilities are problems that interfere with age-appropriate
communication, including speaking, listening, reading, spelling, and writing.
a. receptive language problem
People with receptive language disorder may have difficulty understanding spoken language,
responding appropriately, or both. This leads to substantial difficulty communicating. Thy have
difficulty with language processing and the connection between words and ideas they
represent. Some people may also have problems with pronunciation of words and speech /
sound production.

b. expressive language problem
People with expressive language disorders may understand what is said to them or written in
passages, but they have substantial difficulty communicating. They have difficulty with language
processing and the connection between words and ideas they represent. Some people may also
have problems with pronunciation of words.
2.) Reading Disabilities
-Federal Definition:
a. basic reading(word content)
-aka dyslexia; it is defined in the 20
th
Century as word blindness, visual agnosia for words and
specific reading disability (Doris 1973)
-Is one of the distinct learning disabilities. It is a specific language based disorder characterized by
difficulties in the level of accurate and fluent single word decoding skills, usually associated with
insufficient phonological processing and rapid naming abilities. It is manifested with variable difficulty
with different forms of language, often including, in addition to problems reading, a problem in
acquiring proficiency in writing and spelling. Reading comprehensions are common problems reflecting
word decoding and fluency problems. ( International Dyslexia Society,Lyon,1995;Shaywitz,1996 as cited
by Fletcher et.al)
-reading words backwards,
-most common form of LD and has its origin in the language system
b. reading comprehension- inability to comprehend what is being read.

3. Information-processing disorders are learning disorders related to a persons ability to use the
information that they take in through their senses seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching.
These problems are not related to an inability to see or hear. Instead, the conditions affect the way the
brain recognizes, responds to, retrieves, and stores sensory information.

4.. Math Disability
Dyscalculia is a learning disability related to math. Those with dyscalculia may have difficulty
understanding math concepts and solving even simple math problems.

5.Written ExpressionSpelling, text, handwritingDysgraphia is a learning disability related to
handwriting. People with this condition may have problems forming letters as they write or may have
trouble writing within a defined space.
Ref.
http://www.education.com/reference/article/prevalence-learning-disabilities/
http://www.nrcld.org/resources/ldsummit/fletcher.pdf
http://www.overcoming-learning-disabilities.com/types-of-learning-disabilities.html