STEEL BRIDGES - II

Structural Steel
Design Project
Calculation Sheet
PROBLEM:
Design a through type single lane truss bridge for broad gauge main line
loading. The effective span length of the bridge is 50 m. Consider
m
= 1.15.
(1)TRUSS ARRANGEMENT [See Fig. E1]:
Effective Span of truss girder = 50 m.
ssume 10 panels ! 5 m interval.
"eight and truss girder#
$or economical considerations% height =
&
1
to
10
1
of span
ssume% height = 'm. (
&.))
1
of span* "ence% +.,.
(2) INFLUENCE LINE DIAGRAMS:
(i* -.D for .
0
/
1
(Diagonal member*#
Fig. E2. Free b!" !i#gr#$

Version II 44 - 16
.
0
.
1
.
0
.
)
.
1
.
5
.
'
.
2
.
10
.
3
.
&
/
1
/
3
/
&
/
0
/
)
/
2
/
'
/
5
/
1
10 panels ! 5 m = 50 m
Fig. E1. Tr%&& #rr#'ge$e'(
' m
5 m
4

/
1
.
o
.
1
.
o
/
1

15 (4650*
1
STEEL BRIDGES - II
Structural Steel
Design Project
Calculation Sheet
Job No: Sheet 0 of 10 Rev
Job Title: T7/SS 8-7DE7 7-. 97-D8E
:or;ed E4ample 5 1
Made by
SSS7
Date &510500
Checked by
<,
Date
(a* -f% unit load is in bet=een .
1
and .
10
(i.e. 5 4 50*

< = 0.
.
0
/
1
sin = 1 5 (4650* .
0
/
1
=
sin>
1
( 1 5
50
4
*
(b* -f% unit load is in bet=een .
0
and .
1
( i.e. 5 4 0 *
.
0
/
1
= 5
sin>
1
50
34

Then% =e can get -.D as sho=n in $ig. E).
Fig. E). ILD *r L
+
U
1
(ii* -.D for .
1
/
1
(<ertical member*# ?See free body diagram $ig. E1@
(a* -f% unit load is in bet=een .
0
and .
1
(i.e. 0 4 5)
A
.0
= 0.

5.
1
/
1
= 4

.
1
/
1
=
5
4
(b* -f% unit load is in bet=een .
0
and .
10
(i.e. 50 4 10 *

.
1
/
1
= 0
Fig. E, ILD *r L
1
U
1

Fig. E-
Version II 44 - 17
1.12
Compression
1.0
Tension
' m
5 m
4

/
1
.
o
.
1
.
o
/
1
cos
15 (4650*
.
0
STEEL BRIDGES - II
(iii* -.D for /
1
/
5
and .
1
.
5
# (Top and 9ottom chord members respectively*
Fig. E. Free b!" !i#gr#$
(a* -f% the unit load is in bet=een .
0
and .
1
(i.e. 0 4 00 *
.5
A
= 0
'/
1
/
5
B ( 05 C 4 *D1 = 05D?1 5 (4650*@
/
1
/
5
=
'
1
? 05 ( 1 5
50
4
* 5 ( 05 5 4 *@
/1
A
= 0
'.
1
.
5
B ( 00 C 4 *D1 = 00D?1 5 (4650*@
.
1
.
5
=
'
1
? 00 ( 1 5
50
4
* 5 ( 00 5 4 *@
(b* -f% unit load is in bet=een .
5
and .
10
(i.e. 50 4 05 *
Then% /
1
/
5
=
'
1
? 05 ( 1 5
50
4
*@

.
1
.
5
=
'
1
? 00 ( 1 5
50
4
*@
-.Ds for /
1
/
5
and .
1
.
5
are sho=n in $ig. E2 and $ig. E& respectively.
!

Version II 44 - 18
1 5 (4650*
5 m 5 m 5 m
' m
4
5 m
/
1
/
0
/
)
/
1
/
5
.
1
.
0
.
)
.
1
.
5
.
0
STEEL BRIDGES - II

Fig. E/ ILD *r U
-
U
,
Fig. E0 ILD *r L
-
L
,
()) LOADS:
(i) De#! 1#! 2 Dead loads acting on truss girder are as follo=s#
:eight of rails = 0 0.' = 1.0 ;E6m.
D:eight of sleepers = 0.05 0.05
0.1
2.5
= 0.)1 ;E6m.
:eight of fastenings (assumed* = 0.05 ;E6m.
:eight of stringers (assumed* = ).0 ;E6m
:eight of cross girders (assumed* = 5.0 ;E6m.
DDSelf5=eight of truss by $ullerFs $ormula = 1).0 ;E6m
Total dead load per trac; = 01.& ;E6m

Therefore% Total dead load per girder =
0
01.&
= 10.1 ;E6m
D?ssume 050 mm 050 mm 0m =ooden sleepers ! 100 mm apart
and =eight of 2.5 ;E6m
)
@
DD? $ullerFs $ormula
100
B 550 15

100
550 50 15 +
1).0 ;E6m@
7DS+
Specifications

Version II 44 - 19
Compression
0.0& 1.'2
Tension
1.'2
0.0
STEEL BRIDGES - II
(ii) Li3e 1#!
(a* reas of -nfluence line diagrams for truss members discussed#
rea of influence line for .
0
/
1
=
1.12 50
0
1

= 5 03.) (Compression*
rea of influence line for .
1
/
1
=
1.0 10
0
1

= B 5.0 (Tensile*
rea of influence line for /
1
/
5
=
0.0& 50
0
1

= 5 50 (Compression*
rea of influence line for .
1
.
5
=
0 50
0
1

= B 50 (Tensile*
(b) Li3e 1#!& #'! i$4#5( 1#!& *r$ IRS Bri!ge R%1e& 2 1602:
.ive loads and impact factors for each loaded length are found from IRS
Bri!ge R%1e& 2 1602. $or ma4imum forces in chord members% the =hole of the
span should be loaded and .ive load is determined corresponding to ma4imum
9.A. $or other diagonal and vertical members% part of the span as indicated by
influence line diagrams% should be loaded and the live load is determined
corresponding to S.$. The impact factor is found corresponding to loaded
length.
$or ma4imum force in members .
1
.
5
and /
1
/
5
#
.oad length = 50 m
.ive load for 9.A. = )&35.0 ;E
-mpact factor =
50 '
&
0.15
'
&
0.15
+
+ =
+
+

= 0.03)
(..B -.* per m per girder =
( )
50 0
0.03) 1 )&35.0

+
= 50.)' ;E6m

Version II 44 - 20
STEEL BRIDGES - II
$or ma4imum force in members .
0
/
1
and .
1
/
1
#
.
0
/
1
#
.oad length = 50 m
.ive load for 9.A. = 11&1.' ;E
-mpact factor =
50 '
&
0.15
'
&
0.15
+
+ =
+
+

= 0.03)
(..B -.* per m per girder =
( )
50 0
0.03) 1 11&1.'

+
= 51.1 ;E6m
.
1
/
1
#
.oad length = 10 m
.ive load for S.$. = 1002.& ;E
-mpact factor =
10 '
&
0.15
'
&
0.15
+
+ =
+
+

= 0.'5
(..B -.* per m per girder =
( )
10 0
0.'5 1 1002.&

+
= 101.) ;E6m
(5) L'gi(%!i'#1 L#!& *r$ IRS Bri!ge R%1e& 2 1602
ssume% there e4ist rail e4pansion Goints in the bridge and prevent the transfer
of longitudinal loads to approaches. -t may be noted that for broad gauge
bridges upto a loaded length of 11 m% the tractive effort is more than the
bra;ing force and for loaded lengths more than 11 m the bra;ing force is more
than the tractive effort.
ssume truss under consideration is simply supported by a hinge at .
0
and a
roller at .
10
. The longitudinal force in a member can be tensile or compressive
depending on the direction of movement of train.
Hanel .
1
.
5
#
.oaded length = )0 m
Tractive effort = ')2.1 ;E
$orce per chord = ')2.160 = )1&.2 ;E

Version II 44 - 21
STEEL BRIDGES - II
/nfactored loads#
Aember rea of -.D .oad in ;E6m $orces in members (;E*
D. ..B-. D. ..B-. .ong..
.
0
/
1
5 03.) 10.1 51.1 5)').) 515&5.1 5
.
1
/
1
B5.0 10.1 101.) B '0 B 50'.5 5
/
1
/
5
5 50.0 10.1 50.)' 5'11.& 50'1&.2 5
.
1
.
5
B 50.0 10.1 50.)' B'00 B051& )1&.2
/se follo=ing Hartial safety factors for the loads#

D.
= 1.)5I
..
= 1.50I
.ong.
= 1.50
$actored loads#
Aember $actored $orces in members (;E* Total load (;E*
D. ..B-. .ong..
.
0
/
1
5130.1 5 0)22.' 5 5 0&'&.0
.
1
/
1
B&).2 B 253.& 5 B &1).1
/
1
/
5
5&20.5 5)30& 5 5 123&.5
.
1
.
5
B &)2 B)222 12& B 5030 5 12&
Eote# Eegative sign represents compression and positive sign represents
tension.

Version II 44 - 22
STEEL BRIDGES - II
(-) DESIGN FOR TRUSS MEMBERS:
(i* De&ig' * !i#g'#1 $e$ber (L
+
U
1
): Eote that in this illustration of
this Aember% the portal effect and fatigue are not considered.
.ength of the chord% .
0
/
1
= = 2&10 mm
ssume% effective length%
e
= 0.2D = 51'2mm
Try a built up member =ith t=o -S"9)50 spaced ! )00 mm
= 1&110 mm
0
r
4
= 11'.5 mm
r
y
= 15&.& mm

4
= 51'2611'.5 = )2.)
Then%
c
= 001.& E6mm
0
?See chapter on a4ially compressed columns using curve c@
4ial capacity = (001.&61.15*D1&11061000 = )55'.5 ;E J 0&'& ;E
"ence% section is safe against a4ial compression
(ii) De&ig' * 3er(i5#1 $e$ber (L
1
U
1
):
Aa4imum tensile force = &1).1 ;E
Try -SA9 )50 ! 0.501 ;E6m sho=n.

= ''21 mm
0
4ial tension capacity of the selected section = ''21D 05061.15
= 1150 ;E J &1).1 ;E
"ence% section is safe in tension.
?Eote# :elded connection assumed@

Version II 44 - 23
)50 mm
-SA9 )50
)00 mm
STEEL BRIDGES - II
(iii) De&ig' * (4 57r! $e$ber (U
-
U
,
):
Aember length% = 5000 mm
ssume% effective length = 0.&5 = 1050 mm
Try the section sho=n.
= 052&' mm
0
r
4
= 1'5.1 mm
r
y
= 010 mm

4
= 105061'5.1 = 05.2
Then%
c
= 0)3 E6mm
0
?See chapter on a4ially compressed columns using column curve c@
4ial capacity = (0)361.15*D052&'61000 = 5)53 ;E J 123&.5 ;E
"ence% section is safe against a4ial compression
(ii) B(($ 57r! !e&ig'(L
-
L
,
):
Aa4imum compressive force = 12& ;E
Aa4imum tensile force = 5030 ;E
Try the bo4 section sho=n.

= 05)&' mm
0
r
4
= 111 mm
r
y
= 010 mm
4ial tension capacity of the selected section = 05)&'D 05061.15
= 551& ;E J 5030 ;E
"ence% section is safe in tension.

Version II 44 - 24
101 mm
550 mm
-SAC 100
0 plates of siKe
550 mm L 10 mm
)50 mm
-SAC 100
100 mm L 1' mm
)50 mm
STEEL BRIDGES - II
Aa4imum unrestrained length = = 5000 mm

4
= 50006111 = )1.2
Then%
c
= 005 E6mm
0
4ial capacity = (00561.15*D 05)&'61000 = 13'2 ;E J 12& ;E
"ence% section is safe against a4ial compression also.

Version II 44 - 2