MAY 2014 YEAR 11 PRE-DIPLOMA BIOLOGY

Ecological Pyramids
Answer the following qestions !" writing the #nswers #fter the qestions$
1$
#% &h#t 'in( of e)ologi)#l *"r#+i( is (e*i)te( in the #!o,e (i#gr#+-
#$ A *"r#+i( of .+!ers-
Yes
!$ A *"r#+i( of Energ"-
.o
)$ A *"r#+i( of Bio+#ss-
.o
!% Des)ri!e the sh#*e of this e)ologi)#l *"r#+i($ &h" (oesn/t this *"r#+i( )oll#*se e,en thogh
there #re fewer org#nis+s #t the first tro*hi) le,el th#n #t the se)on( tro*hi) le,el-
Be)#se the o#' is !ig enogh to s**ort so +#n" )#ter*ill#rs0 the o#' h#s enogh energ" to sst#in
2000 )#ter*ill#rs$
)% &h#t h#**ens to the energ" store( in e#)h tro*hi) le,el #s one +o,es * throgh the le,els in the
*"r#+i(-
1he energ" (e)re#ses !e)#se the energ" h#s #lre#(" !een se( with other org#nis+ in the lower
tro*hi) le,els$
1
MAY 2014 YEAR 11 PRE-DIPLOMA BIOLOGY
2$
#%
2i% &h#t 'in( of e)ologi)#l *"r#+i( is (e*i)te( in the #!o,e (i#gr#+-
A *"r#+i( of !io+#ss
2ii% Pro,i(e #n e3*l#n#tion to 4stif" "or #nswer to 2i% #!o,e$
1he *"r#+i( h#s n+!ers of +#ss *er +eters sq#re whi)h shows s th#t is # *"r#+i( of !io+#ss$
!% Des)ri!e two )o+*li)#tions th#t )#n #rise when !iologists se # *"r#+i( of !io+#ss$
1$ Be)#se of w#ter in the org#nis+ the" h#,e to !e 'ille( #n( (rie( so the" )#n re)or( their
+e#sre+ents$
2$ As the org#nis+s h#,e to !e 'ille( #n( onl" s+#ll s#+*les )#n !e teste( 0 #n( +#" not !e
re*resent#ti,e$
5$ A gr#ssl#n( e)os"ste+ in Al!ert# re)ei,es 1600 '7 of snlight$ One foo( )h#in in this )o++nit"
is (e*i)te( #s follows8
gr#ss gr#ssho**ers !l#)'!ir(s h#w's
#% Dr#w #n e)ologi)#l *"r#+i( th#t illstr#tes the tr#nsfer of energ" in this )o++nit"$ 9sing the
rle of 100 (eter+ine the #+ont of energ" th#t is store( #t e#)h tro*hi) le,el$ In)l(e #ll rele,#nt
l#!els$
2
MAY 2014 YEAR 11 PRE-DIPLOMA BIOLOGY
!% A f#r+er sets * # !ff#lo f#r+ in this e)os"ste+$ O,er ti+e0 the !ff#lo gre#tl" re()e the gr#ss
!io+#ss in the )o++nit"$ E3*l#in how the intro()tion of this new s*e)ies )ol( #ffe)t the
#+ont of energ" tr#nsferre( within the foo( )h#in th#t is shown #!o,e$
1he !ff#lo will (e)re#se the #+ont of gr#ss !" h#lf0 whi)h will (e)re#se the sor)e of energ" for
#ll other tro*hi) le,el !" h#lf too$ 1he gr#ssho**ers for e3#+*le will re)ei,e onl" :6 'ilo4oles
inste#( of 160'ilo4oles whi)h is h#lf$ All the other tro*hi) le,els will #lso re)ei,e onl" h#lf of wh#t
the" s#ll" re)ei,e$ 1his )#n le#( to # (e)re#se on s*e)ies #t # ne3t tro*hi) le,el$
;#w'
1$'<7
;
Bl#)' !ir(s 16<7
Gr#ssho**ers 160<7
Gr#ss 1600'4
5