Adult Development

Ericksons theory
Ericksons Theory
Each stage is built on the previous stage

8 Stages
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Isolation
Integrity vs. Despair
Early adulthood is the first stage in adulthood with the
most physical changes.
Most people in this stage continue to grow taller or put on
some weight. The body still goes through hormonal
changes.
Ages 19-40


Adults who enter middle adulthood experience that their
body starts to decrease in its abilitys.
Men and women both start to increase in weight, body fat
starts to increase and strength decreases.
At the age 40 visual activity starts to decline, there is a
decline in depth, distance, and perception.
Hearing starts to decline.
Skin starts to lose elasticity and wrinkles start to form.
Ages 40-65

Late adulthood is the last stage for physical change.
Skin continues to lose elasticity and deeper lines and
wrinkles are formed. Age spots and brown spots begin to
form on the skin.
Eyesight decreases and reaction time slows.
Balance decreases
Ages 65+
Memory and thinking are at their highest.
Memory is at its best
Sharpness in both long term and short term memory is at
its peak.
Empathy is developed during this stage.
Thinking process is carried out in a more complex manor.


Average memory loss and reduced ability to perform
tasks requiring speed.
Basic mental abilities peak, fluid intelligence declines
Crystalized intelligence become higher.
Fluid Intelligence: flexible reasoning and is made up of
the basic mental abilities such as inductive reasoning,
abstract thinking and speed of thinking required for
understanding any subject.
Crystallized Intelligence: refers to the accumulation of
facts, information and knowledge that comes with
education and experience within a particular culture.


Start to experience problems in encoding, storage, and
retrieval.
Tacit knowledge-information that is not formally taught
openly expressed but necessary to get ahead.
Memory weakens
Problem solving declines
Wisdom increases
Terminal incline happens where there is a marked
decrease in cognitive functioning that prior to death.

1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance.
The stages, popularly known by the
acronym DABDA, include
DENIAL
I feel fine.
This cant be happening, not to me.
- Refusing to believe the individual is sick.

- Temporary defense (Defense Mechanism)

- Can be conscious or unconscious refusal to accept
facts

Why me? Its not fair
Who is to blame?
ANGER
- Recognizes that denial cant continue

- Patient displays anger that they are sick

- Patient is difficult to care for due to misplaced
feelings of rage & envy
Ill do anything for a few more years if..

BARGAINING
- Involves the hope that the patient can somehow
postpone or delay death

- Making a deal

- Rarely provides a sustainable solution
Especially if its a matter of life or death.
Im going to die soon..
DEPRESSION
- Feel sadness, regret, fear, and uncertainty
- Begins to understand the certainty of death
- Begins to accept situation
- Spend much of the time crying and grieving
- Allows diconnect from love & affection
- Must be processed
Its going to be okay.
I may as well prepare for it.
ACCEPTANCE
- Last stage
- Patient realizes death is inevitable
- Accepts their fate.
- Can enter this stage a long time before they die.
TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE
Bereavement
- Psychological state of deprivation
- Feelings of grief and loss resulting from the death of
loved one or friends.

Mourning
- What you do or refrain from doing after a loss
- Manner of displaying grief
(wooden crates, covering mirrors..)