H THNG DVB-T

Gii thiu h thng DVB-T

Tiu chun DVB-T
Thng s h thng DVB-T
nh dng tn hiu DVB-T; cu trc khung
DVB-T
iu ch tn hiu DVB-T v Pht
Gii thiu m hnh tnh nhiu trong DVB-T
Mng DVB-T n tn.
Bin son: GV L Chu Khn
Gii thiu h thng DVB-T
Tiu chun DVB-T
Thng s h thng DVB-T
nh dng tn hiu DVB-T; cu trc khung
DVB-T
iu ch tn hiu DVB-T v Pht
Gii thiu m hnh tnh nhiu trong DVB-T
Mng DVB-T n tn.
Bin son: GV L Chu Khn
H THNG TRUYN DN TN HIU DVB-T
S khi iu ch tn hiu DVB-T (part 1)
S khi iu ch tn hiu DVB-T (part 2); FEC
TIU CHUN DVB-T
- rng bng thng 6/7/8 MHz
- 2 mode: 2K (IFFT 2046 im [s sng mang 2048] & 8K
(IFFT 8192 im[s sng mang 8192])
- Chiu di mt symbol: 250 s (2K mode) hoc 1 ms (8K
mode).
- Khong cch sng mang ph 4 kHz (2k) v 1 kHz cho
mode 8k
- Khong bo v t 1/32 n 1/4 chiu di ca symbol
-Kiu iu ch QPSK, 16QAM hoc 64QAM
- Code Rate: ; ; 7/8;
- DVB S cng nh DVB T c FEC. Trong DVB- T thay
i tc d liu bng cch thay i t l m.
- rng bng thng 6/7/8 MHz
- 2 mode: 2K (IFFT 2046 im [s sng mang 2048] & 8K
(IFFT 8192 im[s sng mang 8192])
- Chiu di mt symbol: 250 s (2K mode) hoc 1 ms (8K
mode).
- Khong cch sng mang ph 4 kHz (2k) v 1 kHz cho
mode 8k
- Khong bo v t 1/32 n 1/4 chiu di ca symbol
-Kiu iu ch QPSK, 16QAM hoc 64QAM
- Code Rate: ; ; 7/8;
- DVB S cng nh DVB T c FEC. Trong DVB- T thay
i tc d liu bng cch thay i t l m.
-Trong DVB-T c la chn kiu m ha theo ng cp
(hierarchical coding ) cho cc lung HP (high priority)
- Trong m ha theo ng cp, b iu ch c hai lung d
liu vo lm vic theo hai cu hnh c lp nhau, c hai khi
FEC v phn bit nhau theo FEC. Nh vo kt qu FEC ny
m la chn kiu iu ch cho ph hp cho cc lung c
u tin cao (HP). Mt lung truyn dn c tc thp, kh
nng sa li rt tt, c dnh truyn cho cc lung HP
(thng chn t l m ). Lung truyn dn kia tc ln,
kh nng sa li km hn, dnh truyn cho cc lung LP
(thng chn t l m )
- Trong DVB-T s dng iu ch OFDM kt hp (coherent
OFDM)
- Trong OFDM kt hp: cc sng mang ti (payload carrier)
c nh x hon ton trong th chm sao m khng s
dng kiu m ha vi sai
-Trong DVB-T c la chn kiu m ha theo ng cp
(hierarchical coding ) cho cc lung HP (high priority)
- Trong m ha theo ng cp, b iu ch c hai lung d
liu vo lm vic theo hai cu hnh c lp nhau, c hai khi
FEC v phn bit nhau theo FEC. Nh vo kt qu FEC ny
m la chn kiu iu ch cho ph hp cho cc lung c
u tin cao (HP). Mt lung truyn dn c tc thp, kh
nng sa li rt tt, c dnh truyn cho cc lung HP
(thng chn t l m ). Lung truyn dn kia tc ln,
kh nng sa li km hn, dnh truyn cho cc lung LP
(thng chn t l m )
- Trong DVB-T s dng iu ch OFDM kt hp (coherent
OFDM)
- Trong OFDM kt hp: cc sng mang ti (payload carrier)
c nh x hon ton trong th chm sao m khng s
dng kiu m ha vi sai
- Trong DVB-T, IFFT 2048 (2K) im hoc 8192(8K) im. L
thuyt dng 2048 (2K) hoc 8192(8K) sng mang truyn dn
d liu.
- Tuy nhin, ch s dng mt s cc sng mang ny truyn
dn d liu (ti). Mode 8K s dng 6048 payload carriers v
mode 2K s dng 1512 cho payload carriers. (S sng mang pay
load trong mode 8K gp bn trong mode 2K)
-Ngoi cc sng mang ti DVB-T cn c cc sng mang khc
nh sau:
- Cc sng mang th ng (t bin zero)
Payload carriers t v tr c nh
Continual pilots t v tr c nh
Scattered pilots chuyn i v tr trong ph
TPS carriers t v tr c nh
CC DNG SNG MANG CA TN HIU DVB- T
- Trong DVB-T, IFFT 2048 (2K) im hoc 8192(8K) im. L
thuyt dng 2048 (2K) hoc 8192(8K) sng mang truyn dn
d liu.
- Tuy nhin, ch s dng mt s cc sng mang ny truyn
dn d liu (ti). Mode 8K s dng 6048 payload carriers v
mode 2K s dng 1512 cho payload carriers. (S sng mang pay
load trong mode 8K gp bn trong mode 2K)
-Ngoi cc sng mang ti DVB-T cn c cc sng mang khc
nh sau:
- Cc sng mang th ng (t bin zero)
Payload carriers t v tr c nh
Continual pilots t v tr c nh
Scattered pilots chuyn i v tr trong ph
TPS carriers t v tr c nh
- Payload carrier: S dng cho truyn ti d liu
- Cc sng mang pha cnh trn v pha di (trong ph)
c t bin bng zero khng qua iu ch
- Cc continual pilots: nh v ti cc trc thc (I), ti pha
0 hoc 180 v c bin xc nh. Cc pilots ny c
cng sut hn 3dB so vi cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu
c s dng so pha ti u thu v cho AFC (automatic
frequency control). VD: s dng kha tn s tn hiu ti
u thu v ti u pht.
- Cc scattered pilots: B tn x ton b trn ph ca knh
DVB-T qua li gia cc symbol v hnh thnh mt tn hiu
o gy kh khn trong c lng knh.
- ng vi mt symbol, c mt scattered pilot ti sng
mang th 12 . Mi scattered pilot s nhy v pha trc 3 v
tr sng mang symbol tip theo
- Payload carrier: S dng cho truyn ti d liu
- Cc sng mang pha cnh trn v pha di (trong ph)
c t bin bng zero khng qua iu ch
- Cc continual pilots: nh v ti cc trc thc (I), ti pha
0 hoc 180 v c bin xc nh. Cc pilots ny c
cng sut hn 3dB so vi cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu
c s dng so pha ti u thu v cho AFC (automatic
frequency control). VD: s dng kha tn s tn hiu ti
u thu v ti u pht.
- Cc scattered pilots: B tn x ton b trn ph ca knh
DVB-T qua li gia cc symbol v hnh thnh mt tn hiu
o gy kh khn trong c lng knh.
- ng vi mt symbol, c mt scattered pilot ti sng
mang th 12 . Mi scattered pilot s nhy v pha trc 3 v
tr sng mang symbol tip theo
Scattered
Pilot ti Sng
mang th 0
Scattered Pilot ti
Sng mang th 12
S thay i v tr gia
cc scattered Pilots
Scattered
Pilot ti Sng
mang th 0
Scattered Pilot ti
Sng mang th 12
- Nh vy, trong mi trng hp s c 2 payload carriers
khng bao gi tr thnh scattered pilot.
- Cc scattered pilots lun nm trn trc I ti 0 v
180 , c cng bin nh cc continual pilots.
S thay i v tr gia
cc scattered Pilots
- Cc sng mang TPS (TPS carriers) c t ti cc tn s
c nh. VD sng mang s 50 l mt sng mang.
- TPS carrier c nhim v truyn dn cc thng s bo hiu.
- Cc TPS carrier i in cc knh thng tin m pha pht
thng bo pha thu cc thng s truyn dn hin ti. Cc
thng tin ny iu ch theo DBSK (differential bi-phase
shift keying), c nh v ti trc I 0 hoc 180 v
m ha theo kiu visai. VD thng bo s khc nhau gia hai
symbol gn nhau.
- Mt bng tin TPS hon thin, c truyn trong 68
symbol gm 67 bit.
- Cc sng mang TPS (TPS carriers) c t ti cc tn s
c nh. VD sng mang s 50 l mt sng mang.
- TPS carrier c nhim v truyn dn cc thng s bo hiu.
- Cc TPS carrier i in cc knh thng tin m pha pht
thng bo pha thu cc thng s truyn dn hin ti. Cc
thng tin ny iu ch theo DBSK (differential bi-phase
shift keying), c nh v ti trc I 0 hoc 180 v
m ha theo kiu visai. VD thng bo s khc nhau gia hai
symbol gn nhau.
- Mt bng tin TPS hon thin, c truyn trong 68
symbol gm 67 bit.
Tm li, cc sng mang TPS thng ba cho u thu
cc thng tin nh sau:
+ Mode (2K, 8K)
+ Length of the guard interval (1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32)
+ Type of modulation (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)
+ Code rate (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)
+ Hierarchical coding
+ Mode (2K, 8K)
+ Length of the guard interval (1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32)
+ Type of modulation (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)
+ Code rate (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)
+ Hierarchical coding
VD: V tr cc dng sng mang ca tn hiu DVB-T gm:
payload carriers; Continual v Scattered Pilots; TPS
carriers trong iu ch 64QAM
Bng lit k chc nng cc bit trong sng mang TPS
V tr cc sng mang cho continual pilot trong mode 2K v mode 8K
V tr cc sng mang TPS cho mode 2K v Mode 8K
S lng cc sng mang trong DVB-T
Chm sao cho tn hiu DVB-T i vi cc kiu iu ch QPSK;
16QAM; 64 QAM (Gm cc sng mang Payload; Continual Pilot
hoc scattered Pilot; TPS carrier
CC THNG S H THNG DVB
Mt s cc thng s quan trong nh sau:
Tn s ly mu IFFT
rng bng thng tn hiu DVB-T
rng ph cho knh DVB-T: 8/7; 6 MHz.
Tc d liu
Mc tn hiu cho mi sng mang
Thng s c bn trong DVB-T l tn s ly mu cho IFFT vi
knh 8 MHz c nh ngha nh sau:
Mt s cc thng s quan trong nh sau:
Tn s ly mu IFFT
rng bng thng tn hiu DVB-T
rng ph cho knh DVB-T: 8/7; 6 MHz.
Tc d liu
Mc tn hiu cho mi sng mang
Thng s c bn trong DVB-T l tn s ly mu cho IFFT vi
knh 8 MHz c nh ngha nh sau:
- Nhng c rt nhiu sng mang khng c s dng trong
mode 2K cng nh mode 8K nn bng thng tn hiu DVB-T
thc t nh hn bng thng knh truyn 8/7; 6 MHz.
- R rng nht l bng thng knh 8 MHz, ch s dng 7,6 MHz
cn mi bn 200 KHz cha trng trnh giao thoa gia cc
knh k cn
f
sample IFFT 8MHz
= 64/7 MHz = 9.142857143 MHz.
- Trong rng 7.6 MHz cha 6817 (8K) hoc 1705(2K)
sng mang
- Tm tn s ly mu IFFT trong Knh 7 MHz hoc knh 6
MHz bng cch nhn t l 7/8 hoc 6/8.
f
sample IFFT 7 MHz
= 64/7 MHz 7/8 = 8 MHz;
f
sample IFFT 6 MHz
= 64/7 MHz 6/8 = 48/7 MHz =
6.857142857 MHz;
- Khong cch gia hai sng mang k nhau
f
sample IFFT 7 MHz
= 64/7 MHz 7/8 = 8 MHz;
f
sample IFFT 6 MHz
= 64/7 MHz 6/8 = 48/7 MHz =
6.857142857 MHz;
- Khong cch gia hai sng mang k nhau
f = f
sample IFFT
/N
total_carriers
f
2k
= f
sample IFFT
/2048;
f
8k
= f
sample IFFT
/8192;
VD: Mode 2K, bng 7 MHz. th f = 3906,25 Hz # 4 KHz
Khong cch cc sng mang ph k nhau mode 2K v mode 8K
trong DVB-T
Nh vy, chiu di mt symbol: t
symbol
= 1/f; Nh vy, chiu di mt symbol: t
symbol
= 1/f;
Thi gian truyn mt symbol trong mode 2K v mode 8K
- rng bng thng tn hiu DVB-T c c t khong cch cc
sng mang ph f v s sng mang c s dng trong mode 2K
(1705) v mode 8K (6817)
rng bng thng ca tn hiu DVB-T
Ph ca tn hiu DVB-T trong mode 8K cng nh trong mode
2K ca knh 8/7/6 MHz
Tc truyn dn mt symbol:
Tc truyn dn tng cng ca d liu:
Tng thi gian mt symbol
Tc mt symbol trong mode 2K v mode 8K trong DVB-T
Gross_data_rate trong DVB-T
-Tc thc ca d liu (Data net rate): ph thuc vo t
l m v loi m. VD thng dng m RS (188,204) th:
net_data_rate = gross_data_rate 188/204 code_rate;
- Nh vy, do gross_data_rate bng nhau trong mode 2K
v mode 8K (do h s 4 trong 2 kiu mode). Vy s tnh
net_data_rate cho 2 trng hp nh sau:
Net_data_rate vi iu ch khng theo ng cp trong knh DVB_T
8MHz
Net_data_rate vi iu ch khng theo ng cp knh DVB-T 7 MHz
Net_data_rate vi iu ch khng theo ng cp trong knh DVB-T
6 MHz
- i vi iu ch ng b: Gross data rate phn phi theo 2:4 cho
lung High Priority (HP) v Low Priority (LP) vi iu ch
64QAM. Vi kiu iu ch 16QAMth t l ny l 2:2. Net data
rate cng ty thuc vo t l m cho lung HP v cho LP. Ta tnh
nh sau:
- i vi sng mang TPS, t cng cng sut sng
mang ti Payload. Cn i vi cc Continuals pilot hoc
scattered Pilots c cng sut hn cng sut sng mang
ti Paload khong 2.5 dB. C th mc in p ca
Continual Pilot ln hn 4/3 ln so vi sng mang ti
Payload. ng vi mc cng sut 16/9 so vi sng mang
ti. c th:
20 log(4/3) = 2.5 dB; T s in p ca continual v
scattered pilots so vi trung bnh tn hiu ca payload
carrier.
10 log(16/9) = 2.5 dB; T s cng sut ca continual v
scattered pilots so vi trung bnh tn hiu payload
carrier;
- i vi sng mang TPS, t cng cng sut sng
mang ti Payload. Cn i vi cc Continuals pilot hoc
scattered Pilots c cng sut hn cng sut sng mang
ti Paload khong 2.5 dB. C th mc in p ca
Continual Pilot ln hn 4/3 ln so vi sng mang ti
Payload. ng vi mc cng sut 16/9 so vi sng mang
ti. c th:
20 log(4/3) = 2.5 dB; T s in p ca continual v
scattered pilots so vi trung bnh tn hiu ca payload
carrier.
10 log(16/9) = 2.5 dB; T s cng sut ca continual v
scattered pilots so vi trung bnh tn hiu payload
carrier;
- Cng sut sng mang ti:
th chm sao tn hiu trong qu trnh iu ch QPSK; 16QAM;
64QAM nh sau:
IU CH DVB-T V PHT
Cc cu hnh pht tn hiu DVB-T thc t
S khi u thu tn hiu DVB-T(Part 1)
Data sau b
demapper
S khi thu tn hiu DVB-T (channel coding) part 2
S khi b x l set top box cho pha thu
Echos (multipath reception)
Interferer
Noise (AWGN)
Doppler shift
NHIU GIAO THOA TRN NG TRUYN
DVB-T V CC NH HNG CA N
Echos (multipath reception)
Interferer
Noise (AWGN)
Doppler shift
Crest factor limitation
Intermodulation
Noise
IQ errors
Interferer
Cc loi nhiu trn ng truyn DVB-T t pht ti thu
- Cht lng truyn dn tn hiu DVB-T cng ph thuc
vo iu ch v pht tn hiu DVB-T.
- V d: H s gn sng (crest factor: CF), lm nh hng
cht lng ng truyn DVB-T.
- CF l t s gia bin nh ln nht v gi tr RMS ca
tn hiu DVB-T
- Theo l thuyt, CF khong 35 n 41 dB. Nhng vi gi
tr CF ny s lm qu ti cc b khuch i cng sut.
- Thc t, CF khong 12 n 13 dB trc khi tn hiu DVB-
T cp cho b khuch i cng sut.
- Cht lng truyn dn tn hiu DVB-T cng ph thuc
vo iu ch v pht tn hiu DVB-T.
- V d: H s gn sng (crest factor: CF), lm nh hng
cht lng ng truyn DVB-T.
- CF l t s gia bin nh ln nht v gi tr RMS ca
tn hiu DVB-T
- Theo l thuyt, CF khong 35 n 41 dB. Nhng vi gi
tr CF ny s lm qu ti cc b khuch i cng sut.
- Thc t, CF khong 12 n 13 dB trc khi tn hiu DVB-
T cp cho b khuch i cng sut.
PEP: Cng sut nh =
CF ca tn hiu COFDM tnh nh sau: CF ca tn hiu COFDM tnh nh sau:
Gi tr bin in p nh ca
sng mang thnh phn ca tn hiu
COFDM
Gi tr bin in p nh tn hiu
COFDM
Ta c:
Ta c:
S sng mang s dng
Vi: 2K: 1705 sng mang; 8K: 6817 sng mang
CC M HNH TNH TON NHIU TRONG
NG TRUYN DVB-T
Knh truyn
nhiu Gaussian
Knh truyn
nhiu Ricean
Knh truyn nhiu Rayleigh
Knh truyn k n
nh hng dch
Doppler khi u
thu di chuyn vn
tc v.
nh hng ca
dch Doppler khi
truyn a ng
v: tc di chuyn pha thu
f : tn s pht
c : Vn tc sng nh sng (299792458 m/s)
: Gc gia tia trc tip v tia a ng.
VD: f= 500 MHz; vn tc 200 Km/h. dch doppler
khong 94 Hz.
VD: f= 500 MHz; vn tc 200 Km/h. dch doppler
khong 94 Hz.
BER TRONG TN HIU DVB-T
th BER trong h thng DVB-T
Chnh lch gia:T l cng sut sng mang/cng sut
nhiu: (C/N) v Cng sut tn hiu / cng sut nhiu(S/N)
T l cng sut sng mang/cng sut nhiu: (C/N)
Chnh lch gia:T l cng sut sng mang/cng sut
nhiu: (C/N) v Cng sut tn hiu / cng sut nhiu(S/N)
C/N nh nht cn t c trong iu ch khng ng cp
T l C/N nh nht trong trng hp iu ch ng
cp cho lung u tin thp LP)
H THNG DVB-T N TN
Cu trc mng n tn DVB-T
- OFDM & COFDM rt thch hp cho mng SFN
- Cao tn (RF) kha pha vi tn hiu GPS (Global
Positioning System).
- GPS pht ra 1 PPS(Pulse Per Second) t v tinh, cp cho
b giao ng 10 MHz. pha thu tn hiu GPS. Xem nh y
l tn hiu ng h chun cp cho ton b h thng
DVB-T
- Khong cch gia pht v thu cng c gii hn lm
vic t cc thng s ti u (tham kho bng sau).
- Khong cch gia Tx v Rx cng ph thuc vo khong
bo v v vn tc truyn sng (nh sng)
- Hin tng ISI c th trnh c nu tr ca ng
truyn khng ln hn chiu di khong bo v
- OFDM & COFDM rt thch hp cho mng SFN
- Cao tn (RF) kha pha vi tn hiu GPS (Global
Positioning System).
- GPS pht ra 1 PPS(Pulse Per Second) t v tinh, cp cho
b giao ng 10 MHz. pha thu tn hiu GPS. Xem nh y
l tn hiu ng h chun cp cho ton b h thng
DVB-T
- Khong cch gia pht v thu cng c gii hn lm
vic t cc thng s ti u (tham kho bng sau).
- Khong cch gia Tx v Rx cng ph thuc vo khong
bo v v vn tc truyn sng (nh sng)
- Hin tng ISI c th trnh c nu tr ca ng
truyn khng ln hn chiu di khong bo v
Khong cch pht t Tx-Rx cho php ng vi cc
khong bo v khc nhau trong mode 2K v mode 8K
(knh 8MHz)
Khong cch pht t Tx-Rx cho php ng vi cc
khong bo v khc nhau trong mode 2K v mode 8K
(knh 7MHz)
Khong cch pht t Tx-Rx cho php ng vi cc
khong bo v khc nhau trong mode 2K v mode 8K
(knh 6MHz)
VD: Vn tc truyn sng C= 299792458 m/s. th tr khi
truyn trong khong cch 1 Km l t
1km
=
1000/C= 3.336 s.
Nh vy, trong mode 8K c khong bo v ln hn rt
nhiu so vi tr trn, nn mode 8 K rt thch hp cho
mng SFN khi khong cch truyn ln, tr tng
CU TRC KHUNG DVB-T
S gi lung truyn dn (TPS) sau MPEG cho mt SuperFrame
Phn phi tn hiu ng b cho mng DVB-T
Cu trc MegaFrame Cu trc MegaFrame
Thi gian ca MegaFrame
Cu trc gi ca mt Mega Frame