- Clean freshwater resources are essential for drinking, bathing, cooking, irrigation, industry, and plant and animal life. Unfortunately, the global freshwater supply is unevenly distributed. Chronic water shortages exist in most of Africa and drought is common over much of the globe.
- The sources of most freshwater supplies - groundwater, reservoirs, and rivers - are under severe environmental stress due to overuse, water pollution, and ecosystem degradation.
- Freshwater therefore requires a reduction in wasteful practices like irrigation, reforms in agriculture and industry, and strict pollution controls worldwide.
- Clean freshwater resources are essential for drinking, bathing, cooking, irrigation, industry, and plant and animal life. Unfortunately, the global freshwater supply is unevenly distributed. Chronic water shortages exist in most of Africa and drought is common over much of the globe.
- The sources of most freshwater supplies - groundwater, reservoirs, and rivers - are under severe environmental stress due to overuse, water pollution, and ecosystem degradation.
- Freshwater therefore requires a reduction in wasteful practices like irrigation, reforms in agriculture and industry, and strict pollution controls worldwide.
- Clean freshwater resources are essential for drinking, bathing, cooking, irrigation, industry, and plant and animal life. Unfortunately, the global freshwater supply is unevenly distributed. Chronic water shortages exist in most of Africa and drought is common over much of the globe.
- The sources of most freshwater supplies - groundwater, reservoirs, and rivers - are under severe environmental stress due to overuse, water pollution, and ecosystem degradation.
- Freshwater therefore requires a reduction in wasteful practices like irrigation, reforms in agriculture and industry, and strict pollution controls worldwide.
I. Mark A,B,C or D to indicate the word pronounced differently from the rest. 1. A. sound B. touch C. down . account !. A. d"sign B. p#"s"#$" C. basic . ph%sical &. A. occupation B. occasion C. sha'" . mi#aculous (. A. conc"#n"d B. #"c"i$"d C. attach"d . conc"al"d ). A. t"ach"# B. cl"a# C. #"ason . m"an II. Mark A,B,C or D to indicate the word whose main stress differs from the rest. *. A. b"n"+it B. indust#% C. inh"#it . a#chit"ct ,. A. cont#a#% B. g#aduat" C. docum"nt . att"ndanc" -. A. "mphasi." B. cont#ibut" C. maint"nanc" . h"#itag" 9. A. comp#"h"nd B. "nt"#tain C. d"$"lop . int#oduc" 10. A. imag" B. p#"dict C. "n$% . co$"# III. Mark A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer 11. /" thin's w"0$" in$it"d too man% gu"sts1 but 2 sa% th" mo#" th" ........ A. nic"# B. happi"# C. m"##i"# . g#"at"# 1!. 3ohn has ta'"n .......... swimming as h" wants to '""p +it. A. up B. on C. in . o++ 1&. 4ou sm"ll aw+ull.2t0s about tim" %ou ....... a bath. A. ha$" B. will ha$" C. had . to ha$" 1(. 5ac' o+ +unds p#"$"nt"d him ........ with his studi"s. A. to continu" B.with continuing C. continu" . +#om continuing 1). 2t0s $"#% 'ind o+ %ou to gi$" m" som"thing on m% bi#thda%1 but %ou 66. bought such an "7p"nsi$" p#"s"nt li'" this. A. didn0t n""d B. n""dn0t C. n""dn0t ha$" . ha$"n0t n""d"d 1*. 6666. app"a#1 th"% a#" #"all% much la#g"# than th" 8a#th. A. As th" small sta#s B. Th" sta#s as small C. "spit" o+ th" small sta#s . 9mall as th" sta#s 1,. A+t"# #unning up th" stai#s1 2 was 6666.. b#"ath. A. without B. out o+ C. no . awa% +#om 1-. 9"conda#% "ducation is ........... and +#"" in man% count#i"s. A.comp"l B. compulso#% C. compulso#il% . compulsabl" 19. Th" song has ....... b""n s"l"ct"d +o# th" 9"a :am"s !!1 ;i"tnam. A. o++ic" B. o++iciall% C. o++icial . o++icibl" !0. 6..... a#" doing th"i# b"st to ma'" p"opl" awa#" o+ th" dang"# o+ ai# pollution. A. "n$i#nm"ntalists B. "n$i#onm"nt C. "n$i#onm"ntal . "n$i#onm"ntal !1. ............. is on" o+ th" <ualiti"s #"<ui#"d o+ a social wo#'"#. A. =l"7ibilit% B. =l"7ibl" C. =l"7im"nt . 2n+l"7ibilit% !!. >o$"lists a#" among th" most 66.......p"opl" in th" wo#ld. A. imaginati$" B. imagin" C. imagination . imagina#% !&. ?"m"mb"# to go ....... %ou# t"st pap"# to ch"c' +o# g#amma# and sp"lling mista'"s. A.on B. o$"# C. o++ . into !(. Th" cat was....... to wait +o# th" mous" to com" out. A. pati"ntl% B. so pati"nt C. "nough pati"nt . pati"nt "nough !). @" ha$" to sta#t "a#l%....... w"0ll b" lat" +o# school. A. o# "ls" B. so that C. although . that !*. ;"nic" 1 ....... was built on wat"# 1 is a cit% in 2tal%. A. wh"#" B. that C. who . which !,. An"mplo%m"nt is a s"#ious p#obl"m in th" a#"aB th"#" a#" ..... Cobs +o# th" p"opl" th"#". A. a littl" B. a +"w C. +"w . littl" !-. onDt l"t this oppu#tunit% go ....... A. b% B. up C. o++ . o$"# !9. 2t was impossibl" +o# h"# to t"ll th" t#uth1 so sh" has to ....... a sto#%. A. combin" B. manag" C. in$"nt . li" &0. @" ha$" to ....... allowanc" +o# this di++icult ci#cumstanc" A. do B. ma'" C. wo#' . act &1. Th" "7planation o+ th" accid"nt is $"#% ....... A. con+using B. con+us"d C. con+usal . con+us" &!. En" o+ th" ......... o+ 8nglish is that it is b"coming simpl" and simpl". A. st#ong B. st#"ngth C. st#"ngths . st#"ngth"n &&. 2n anci"nt :#""c"1 th" owl was a s%mbol o+ 6...... A. wis" B. unwis" C. wis"l"ss . wisdom &(. =#""dom o+ ....... is on" o+ th" +undam"ntal #ights. A. sp"a' B. sp""ch C. sp"a'ing . sp""chl"ss &). @hat old p"opl" +"a# most is ....... A. lon"lin"ss B. lon"l% C. alon" . alon"n"ss &*. Ann": FGa'" %ou#s"l+ at hom"H. 3ohn: F 6666. H A. 4"s1 can 2 h"lp %ou B. >ot at all. on0t m"ntion it C. Than'sI 9am" to %ou . That0s $"#% 'ind. Than' %ou &,. FThan' %ou $"#% much +o# a lo$"l% pa#t%H J F 6666666H A. /a$" a good da% B. >ot at all C. Than's . 4ou a#" w"lcom" &-. F/ow long do"s it ta'" to g"t to th" Cit% 5ib#a#% +#om h"#"KH J F6666..H. A. 4ou can go th"#" b% bus. C. 2 am so##%. 2 don0t 'now. B. 4"s1 it0s a long wa%. . 2t isn0t +a#. &9. L2s that a n"w coatKL L4"s1 what 666666 itKH A. a#" %ou thin'ing o+ B. do %ou thin' o+ C. is %ou# id"a about . did %ou thin' about (0. /ow do %ou doK 666666.. A 2Dm $"#% +in"1 than's B. Than's to m% moth"# C. /ow do %ou doK . @ith m% b#oth"#. IV. Identify one mistake in the following sentences: (1. G% t"l"phon" has b""n out o+ wo#' +o# a +"w da%s. Ga% 2 us" %ou#s1 dadK A B C (!. 2+ %ou mo$" <ui"t1 %ou can s"" small wild animals in this a#"a. A B C (&. Thi#t% hou#s a w""' a#" a h"a$% wo#' sch"dul". A B C ((. 4ou mustn0t l"a$" so soon. Th" show do"snDt sta#t till "ight. A B C (). Comp"titi$" c%clists must #"act calm du#ing tou#nam"nts. A B C V. Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one: (*. 2t is a pit% %ou didnDt t"ll us about this. A. 2 wish %ou ha$" told us about this. B. 2 wish %ou would t"ll us about this. C. 2 wish %ou had told us about this . 2 wish %ou would ha$" told us about this. (,. 2D$" n"$"# gon" to th" ca# wash b"+o#". A. This is th" +i#st tim" 2 ha$" had m% ca# wash"d. B. This is th" +i#st tim" 2 ha$" wash"d m% ca#. C. >"$"# ha$" 2 wash"d m% ca# b"+o#". . >"$"# has m% ca# b""n wash"d. (-. A+t"# h" had +inish"d th" #"po#t1 h" submitt"d it to th" di#"cto#. A. =inishing th" #"po#t1 it was submitt"d to th" di#"cto#. B. /a$ing +inish"d th" #"po#t1 it was submitt"d to th" di#"cto#. C. /a$ing +inish"d th" #"po#t1 h" submitt"d to th" di#"cto#. . /a$ing +inish"d th" #"po#t1 h" submitt"d it to th" di#"cto#. (9. 3"an could not h"lp w""ping wh"n sh" h"a#d th" bad n"ws. A. 3"an could not stop h"#s"l+ +#om w""ping at th" bad n"ws. B. 3"an could not allow h"#s"l+ to w""p at th" bad n"ws. C. 3"an could not h"lp h"#s"l+ and so sh" w"pt at th" bad n"ws. . 3"an could not h"lp h"#s"l+ b"caus" sh" was w""ping. )0. Th" b"st solution was thought o+ b% th" monito#. A. Th" monito# cam" up with th" b"st solution. B. Th" monito# was good with th" b"st solution. C. >o on" could sol$" th" p#obl"m "7c"pt th" monito#. . Th" b"st solution was monito#"d b% th" thought. VI. READING Read te !a""a#e a$d %&&"e te 'e"t a$"(e): Cl"an +#"shwat"# #"sou#c"s a#" "ss"ntial +o# d#in'ing1 bathing1 coo'ing1 i##igation1 indust#%1 and +o# plant and animal ()1) MMMM. An+o#tunat"l%1 th" global suppl% o+ +#"shwat"# is ()!) MMMM un"$"nl%. Ch#onic wat"# sho#tag"s ()&) MMMM in most o+ A+#ica and d#ought is common o$"# much o+ th" glob". Th" ()() MMMM o+ most +#"shwat"# suppli"s N g#oundwat"# (wat"# locat"d b"low th" soil su#+ac")1 #"s"#$oi#s1 and #i$"#s N a#" und"# s"$"#" and ())) MMMM "n$i#onm"ntal st#"ss b"caus" o+ o$"#us"1 wat"# pollution1 and "cos%st"m d"g#adation. E$"# 9) p"#c"nt o+ u#ban s"wag" in ()*) MMMM count#i"s is (),) MMMM unt#"at"d into su#+ac" wat"#s such as #i$"#s and ha#bo#sB About *) p"#c"nt o+ th" global +#"shwat"# suppl% is us"d in ()-) MMMM and !) p"#c"nt is us"d in indust#%. =#"shwat"# ()9) MMMM th"#"+o#" #"<ui#"s a #"duction in wast"+ul p#actic"s li'" (*0) MMMM i##igation1 #"+o#ms in ag#icultu#" and. indust#%1 and st#ict pollution cont#ols wo#ldwid". )1. A. su#$i$" B. su#$i$"d C. su#$i$ing . su#$i$al )!. A. d"li$"#"d B. dist#ibut"d C. p#o$id"d . gi$"n )&. A. "7ist B. li" C. show . l:ita% )(. A. #"sou#c"s B. sp#ings C. sou#c"s . sta#ting )). A. inc#"asing B. g#owing C. climbing . asc"nding )*. A. g#owing B. mis"#abl" C. po$"#t% . d"$"loping ),. A. #"cha#g"d B. discha#g"d C. cha#g"d . discha#ging )-. A. +a#ming B. planting C. ag#icultu#" . g#owing )9. A. #"s"#$ation B. cons"#$ation C. p#"s"#$ation . #"t"ntion *0. A. in"++"cti$" B. illogical C. i##ational . in"++ici"nt Read te !a""a#e a$d %&&"e te 'e"t a$"(e): 2n th" Anit"d 9tat"s1 p#"sid"ntial "l"ctions a#" h"ld in %"a#s "$"nl% di$isibl" b% +ou# (1---1 19001 19*(1 "tc.). 9inc" 1-(01 Am"#ican p#"sid"nts "l"ct"d in %"a#s "nding with ."#o ha$" di"d in o++ic"1 with on" "7c"ption. @illiam /. /a##ison1 th" man who s"#$"d th" sho#t"st t"#m1 di"d o+ pn"umonia onl% s"$"#al w""'s a+t"# his *$a+#+)at*&$. Ab#aham 5incoln was on" o+ +ou# p#"sid"nts who w"#" a""a""*$ated. /" was "l"ct"d in 1-*01 and his untim"l% d"ath cam" Cust +i$" %"a#s lat"#. 3am"s A. :a#+i"ld1 a +o#m"# Anion a#m% g"n"#al +#om Ehio1 was shot du#ing his +i#st %"a# in o++ic" (1--1) b% a man to (&, h" wouldnDt gi$" a Cob. @hil" in his s"cond t"#m o+ o++ic" (1901)1 @illiam GcOinl"%1 anoth"# Ehioan1 att"nd"d th" PanNAm"#ican 87position in Bu++alo1 >"w 4o#'. u#ing th" #"c"ption1 h" was assassinat"d whil" sha'ing hands with som" o+ th" gu"sts. 3ohn =. O"nn"d% was assassinat"d in 19*& in allas onl% th#"" %"a#s a+t"# his "l"ction. Th#"" %"a#s a+t"# his "l"ction in 19!01 @a##"n :1 /a#ding di"d in o++ic". Although it was n"$"# p#o$"d1 man% b"li"$" h" was poison"d. =#an'lin . ?oos"$"lt was "l"ct"d +ou# tim"s (19&!1 19&*1 19(0 and 19(()1 th" onl% man to s"#$" so long a t"#m. /" had %&$t)a%ted polio in 19!1 and "$"ntuall% di"d o+ th" illn"ss in 19(). ?onald ?"agan1 who was "l"ct"d in 19-0 and #""l"ct"d +ou# %"a#s lat"#1 su++"#"d an assassination att"mpt but did not succumb to th" assassinDs bull"ts. /" was th" +i#st to b#"a' th" long chain o+ un+o#tunat" "$"nts. @ill th" candidat" in th" "l"ction o+ !0!0 also b" as luc'%K *1. All o+ th" +ollowing w"#" "l"ction %"a#s 8QC8PT MMMM A. 19*0 B. 19&0 C.1--- .1-!( *!. @hich p#"sid"nt s"#$"d th" sho#t"st t"#m in o++ic"K A. Ab#aham 5incoln B. @a##"n :. /a#ding C. @illiam GcOinl"% . @illiam /. /a##ison *&. @hich o+ th" +ollowing is t#u"K A. All p#"sid"nts "l"ct"d in %"a#s "nding in ."#o ha$" di"d in o++ic". B. Enl% p#"sid"nts +#om Ehio ha$" di"d in o++ic". C. =#an'lin . ?oos"$"lt compl"t"d +ou# t"#ms as p#"sid"nt. . =ou# Am"#ican p#"sid"nts ha$" b""n assassinat"d. *(. /ow man% p#"sid"nts "l"ct"d in %"a#s "nding in ."#o sinc" 1-(0 ha$" di"d in o++ic"K A. , B. ) C. ( . & *). Th" wo#d L*$a+#+)at*&$L in th" +i#st pa#ag#aph m"ans most n"a#l% th" sam" as A. "l"ction B. acc"ptanc" sp""ch C. sw"a#ingNin c"#"mon% . campaign **. All o+ th" +ollowing p#"sid"nts w"#" assassinat"d 8QC8PT MMMM A. 3ohn =. O"nn"d% B. =#an'lin . ?oos"$"lt C. Ab#aham 5incoln . 3am"s A. :a#+i"ld *,. Th" wo#d L(&,L in th" s"cond pa#ag#aph #"+"#s to MMMM A. :a#+i"ld B. :a#+i"ldDs assassin C. a Anion a#m% g"n"#al . GcOinl"% *-. Th" wo#d La""a""*$atedL in th" s"cond pa#ag#aph is clos"st in m"aning to A. mu#d"#"d B. d"co#at"d C. hono#"d . sic'"n"d *9. 2n th" thi#d pa#ag#aph1 L%&$t)a%tedL is clos"st in m"aning to MMMM A. communicat"d about B. d"$"lop"d C. ag#"" about . noti+i"d ,0. /ow long did @a##"n :1 /a#ding wo#' as a p#"sid"ntK A. ! %"a#s B. & %"a#s C. ( %"a#s . ( %"a#s Read te !a""a#e a$d %&&"e te 'e"t a$"(e): Th" plan"t 8a#th is (1*00 million %"a#s old. 2t is di++icult +o# us to thin' about such an "no#mous l"ngth o+ tim" b"caus" it has littl" m"aning +o# us. @" can1 how"$"#1 simpli+% th" id"a to ma'" it mo#" und"#standabl". @" can compa#" th" plan"t 8a#th to a p"#son o+ +o#t% si7 %"a#s o+ ag". >othing is 'nown about th" +i#st s"$"n %"a#s o+ this p"#son0s li+". ;"#% littl" in+o#mation "7ists about th" middl" p"#iod "ith"#. 2t was onl% at th" ag" o+ +o#t% J two that th" 8a#th b"gan to +low"#. inosau#s and g#"at #"ptil"s did not app"a# until on" %"a# ago1 wh"n th" plan"t was +o#t% +i$". Gammals onl% a##i$"d "ight months ago. 2n th" middl" o+ last w""'1 man J li'" ap"s b"cam" ap" J li'" m"n and b"gan to communicat" with "ach oth"#. 5ast w""'"nd1 th" 2c" Ag" co$"#"d th" 8a#th. God"#n man has onl% b""n a#ound +o# +ou# hou#s. u#ing th" last hou# man disco$"#"d ag#icultu#". Th" indust#ial ?"$olution and th" #is" o+ la#g" citi"s b"gan Cust si7 s"conds ago. u#ing th" sho#t tim"1 mod"#n man has mad" a #ubbish tip o+ th" 8a#th. 2n on" minut"1 h" has inc#"as"d his numb"#s to t"##ibl" p#opo#tions1 and has caus"d th" d"ath o+ hund#"ds o+ sp"ci"s o+ animals. /" has #obb"d and d"st#o%"d th" plan"t in his s"a#ch +o# +u"ls. >ow h" stands1 li'" a $iol"nt1 spoilt child1 d"light"d at th" sp""d o+ his #is" to pow"#1 on th" "dg" o+ th" +inal mass d"st#uction and o+ 'illing all th" li+" which "7ists in th" sola# s%st"m. ,1. Th" passag" t"lls us that A. A g#"at d"al is 'nown about how th" 8a#th was c#"at"d. B. li+" on 8a#th b"gan #"lati$"l% #"c"ntl%. C. mo#" is 'own about th" +i#st pa#t o+ th" 8a#th0s li+" than th" middl" pa#t. . sci"ntists a#" w"llJin+o#m"d about th" middl" pa#t o+ th" 8a#th0s li+". ,!. @" a#" in+o#m"d b% th" autho# that A. th" dinosau#s app"a#"d du#ing th" middl" p"#iod B. mammals and g#"at #"ptil"s both app"a#"d at th" sam" tim" C. th"#" w"#" mo#" than +o#t% J +i$" 'inds o+ g#"at #"ptil"s . ap" Nli'" man app"a#"d b"+o#" th" last 2c" Ag". ,&. Th" autho# is mainl% int"#"st"d in A. th" tim" wh"n man +i#st "$ol$"d +#om ap"s. C. th" "++"cts o+ +a#ming. B. what has happ"n"d sinc" th" 2ndust#ial ?"$olution . th" p"#iod b"+o#" th" last 2c" 8a#th ,(. 2t would app"a# that th" main dang"# ah"ad is that A. man will d"st#o% "$"#%thing on "a#th C. th"#" will b" a population "7plosion B. man will us" up all th" +u"ls . mo#" sp"ci"s o+ animal ma% di" out ,). Th" autho#0s g"n"#al $i"w o+ man s""ms to b" that A. h" has no #ight to b" so d"st#ucti$". C. h" will b" abl" to cont#ol th" "n$i#onm"nt B. h" has b""n th" most succ"ss+ul animal . h" has l"a#nt a lot +#om past mista'"s Read te !a""a#e a$d %&&"e te 'e"t a$"(e): /isto#% boo's #"co#d that th" +i#st +ilm with sound was The Jau Singer in 19!,. But sound +ilms1 o# Ftal'i"sH1 did not sudd"nl% app"a# a+t"# %"a#s o+ sil"nt sc#""nings. =#om th" "a#li"st public p"#+o#manc"s in 1-9*1 +ilms w"#" accompani"d b% music and sound "++"cts. Th"s" w"#" p#oduc"d b% a singl" pianist1 a small band1 o# a +ullNscal" o#ch"st#aB la#g" mo$i" th"at"#s could bu% soundN"++"cts machin"s. ?"s"a#ch into sound that was #"p#oduc"d at "7actl% th" sam" tim" as th" pictu#"s J call"d Fs%nch#oni."d soundH J b"gan soon a+t"# th" $"#% +i#st +ilms w"#" shown. @ith s%nch#oni."d sound1 cha#act"#s on th" mo$i" sc#""n could sing and sp"a'. As "a#l% as 1-9*1 th" n"wl% in$"nt"d g#amophon"1 which pla%"d a la#g" disc ca##%ing music and dialogu"1 was us"d as a sound s%st"m. Th" bigg"st disad$antag" was that th" sound and pictu#"s could b"com" uns%nch#oni."d i+1 +o# "7ampl"1 th" g#amophon" n""dl" Cump"d o# i+ th" sp""d o+ th" p#oC"cto# chang"d. This s%st"m was onl% "++"cti$" +o# a singl" song o# dialogu" s"<u"nc". 2n th" FsoundNonN+ilmH s%st"m1 sounds w"#" #"co#d"d as a s"#i"s o+ ma#'s on c"lluloid which could b" #"ad b% an optical s"nso#. Th"s" signals would b" plac"d on th" +ilm alongsid" th" imag"1 gua#ant""ing s%nch#oni.ation. 9ho#t +"atu#" +ilms w"#" p#oduc"d in this wa% as "a#l% as 19!!. This s%st"m "$"ntuall% b#ought us Ftal'ing pictu#"sH. C-+ ./: Th" passag" is mainl% about th" A. d"$"lopm"nt o+ sound with mo$i"s 0. #"s"a#ch into #"p#oduction C. disad$antag"s o+ s%nch#oni."d sound D. histo#% o+ sil"nt mo$i"s C-+ ..: Acco#ding to th" passag"1 +ilms using sound "++"cts w"#" sc#""n"d A. in 19!, 0. as "a#l% as 1-9* C. as "a#l% as 19!! D. b"+o#" 1-9* C-+ .1: 2t can b" in+"##"d that MMMMMMMMM A. o#ch"st#as couldn0t s%nch#oni." sound with th" pictu#"s 0. soundN"++"cts machin"s w"#" not common b"caus" th"% w"#" "7p"nsi$" C. g#amophon"s w"#" d"$"lop"d about th" sam" tim" as mo$ing pictu#"s D. most mo$i" th"at"#s had a pianist C-+ .2: Acco#ding to th" passag"1 g#amophon"s w"#" in"++"cti$" b"caus" th"% A. w"#" too la#g" +o# most mo$i" th"at"#s 0. got out o+ s%nch#oni.ation with th" pictu#" C. w"#" n"wl% in$"nt"d and still bad imp"#+"ctions D. chang"d sp""ds wh"n th" n""dl" Cump"d C-+ 13: Acco#ding to th" passag"1 soundNonN+ilm gua#ant""d s%nch#oni.ation b"caus" th" #"co#ding was A. #"ad b% an optical s"nso# 0. mad" du#ing th" +ilming o+ th" pictu#" C. ins"#t"d b"sid" th" imag" on th" +ilm D. ma#'"d on th" g#amophon"
Sustainable Hotels - Environmental Reporting According To Green Globe 21, Green Globes Canada / Gem Uk, Ihei Benchmarkhotel and Hilton Environmental Reporting