Strayer 1e, Chapter 24 Self-Test Quizzes

completed
Total score: 18 out of 19, 95%


1. How did Bretton Woods lay the foundation for globalization?

a. By creating a secret world government
b. By demonstrating that countries can work together
c. By creating a set of agreements and institutions to promote free trade
d. By exchanging product samples from different countries

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. The Bretton Woods system, as it came to
be called, founded institutions such as the International Monetary
Fund and the World Bank, which promoted international trade and
sought to link economies and currencies, in order to increase global
interdependence and prevent future global conflicts. (see page
725)

2. How did the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank advance neo-liberal
economics?

a. By loaning money to developing nations without preconditions
b. By loaning money to developing nations that had state-run companies
c. By regulating the economies of developing countries
d. By loaning money to developing nations that privatized state-run companies,
lowered protectionist tariffs, and cut taxes

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is d. The IMF and World Bank have become
crucial sources of support for many developing countries, but they
also have been able to use this support as leverage to demand that
these countries adopt the same economic philosophy espoused by
the Bretton-Woods system, namely, opening their own citizens up
to competition from around the world and moving from state-
controlled companies and prices to private companies and market
prices. (see page 725)

3. Which of the following is NOT a way in which money has become internationally mobile?

a. An international checking system
b. Direct foreign investment
c. Internationally accepted credit cards
d. International currency markets

0 out of 1
Incorrect. The answer is a. For companies, investors, or private
consumers, it has become more possible to do business or make
transactions anywhere in the world and with any currency than at
any time in world history, including the period of time when most of
the world economy used Spanish silver. Certain financial practices,
however, such as checking, have not become globalizedyet. (see
page 726)

4. The sporting goods company Nike is a good example of globalization because in one five-
year period it closed 20 factories and opened another 35 in countries all over the world.
Why did Nike move these factories?

a. Its executives grew bored of one country and wished to live in a new one.
b. Nike simply could not find enough good workers for its factories.
c. Nike moved its factories anywhere in the world where the labor costs were the
lowest and the environmental and health regulations the most lenient.
d. Nike's factories needed more energy than most nations could provide.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. Globalization has made it easier than ever
before for a corporation to shut down a factory in one country and
quickly reopen it in a different country where workers are paid less
and production costs are cheaper, thus allowing for higher profits.
(see page 727)

5. Which of the following best describes the massive increase in international migration of
the world's peoples during the era of globalization?

a. It has allowed those who were previously unhappy to find happiness.
b. It has allowed many to find work and shelter, but has also victimized others in new
ways.
c. It is mostly just tourists.
d. It has totally erased all national cultures and boundaries.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Many millions of people have been able to
move to better economic situations in other parts of the world and
thus escape once unavoidable poverty in their homelands, others
have been able to flee political, ethnic, or religious persecution by
finding safe havens, often in Western Europe, Australia, or North
America. However, such open borders have also allowed disturbing
trends such as the trade in sex slaves from poorer countries to
wealthier countries. (see page 727)

6. How did globalization affect those within wealthy nations, especially the United States?

a. It made everyone in those nations far wealthier.
b. It drained the wealth out of those nations.
c. It made Americans more appreciative and tolerant of other cultures.
d. It caused millions of Americans to lose their well-paying jobs, while millions of others
have become wealthy.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is d. Jobs in manufacturing, high-tech service,
and other areas have been moved by companies to countries where
workers earn much lower wages, lowering the price of their
products for the average consumer, but causing many Americans to
have to find new work, often for less money. (see page 730)

7. What did the Seattle protestors of 1999 mean by their slogan "no globalization without
representation"?

a. Globalization was a process being decided by large corporations that was not meant
to benefit ordinary people, and in which no ordinary people had a say.
b. Globalization was hard to depict visually, and needed more charts, graphs, and
images to accompany it.
c. Democracy was more important than economic growth.
d. They wanted a cut of the WTO's profits.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. Though the institutions driving
globalization, such as the WTO, claimed they were benefiting people
all over the world, it began to seem more and more that they were
really just benefiting massive transnational corporations that were
not elected and not answerable to any ordinary people or even any
governments. (see page 731)

8. Which of the following best describes the "American Empire" of the second half of the
twentieth century and beginning of the twenty-first century?

a. A far-flung empire of colonies
b. A once-powerful empire breaking apart
c. A nonterritorial empire of economic, military, and cultural power
d. A misnomer; a term used by envious countries

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. Though the United States never claimed
specific territories as its own, as most past empires had done, it
arguably came to exercise more influence over more people and
more places than any other empire ever, through its vastly superior
military power, the near-universal appeal of its popular culture and
consumer products, and the amazing economic opportunities it
could offer potential allies. (see page 732)

9. Which of the following best describes the appeal of the South American revolutionary Che
Guevara to people in both the "first" and the "third" worlds?

a. He was a classic Latino sex symbol.
b. He stood for nonviolence in a time of war.
c. He stood up for the blue-collar working class hurt by globalization.
d. He represented an alternative to the materialism of the West and the industrial
totalitarianism of the Soviet world.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is d. During the 1960s and 1970s, many young
people in the West, as well as many in the Soviet world and in the
third world yearned for a revolutionary alternative to the greed and
consumerism of capitalism as well as the soul-crushing bureaucratic
life under Soviet communism, and saw Che Guevara as the
personification of that alternative. (see page 735)

10. How did women's liberation feminists differ from equal rights feminists?

a. Women's liberation feminists wanted women to have more rights than men; equal
rights feminists merely wanted women to have the same rights as men.
b. Women's liberation feminists wanted to challenge societal and cultural patriarchy
through direct action; equal rights feminists preferred political lobbying and passing laws.
c. Women's liberation feminists sought a world government dominated by women;
equal rights feminists sought an American government dominated by women.
d. The groups were not different.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Through staged actions, consciousness
raising groups, and public discussion, the women's liberation
movement sought to transform popular cultural notions about the
role of women, rather than just work for legislation to be passed.
(see page 736)

12. Why did African feminists resent American and European feminists' opposition to
traditional African cultural practices such as polygamy and female circumcision?

a. They felt American and European feminists were stealing their thunder on the issue.
b. They did not believe such practices existed in Africa.
c. They were strongly in favor of such practices.
d. Western feminists could easily begin to sound like colonial missionaries and rulers.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is d. Even if African feminists did not approve
of the more barbaric or shocking examples of misogyny in
traditional African culture, many felt white, American and European
women, many of whom were wealthy compared to most Africans,
had no right to tell African feminists or any Africans what to do. (see
page 737)

13. Which of the following best describes the response of global fundamentalism to
modernity?

a. A selective rejection and a seeking of an alternative, more religious modernity
b. A total rejection of modernity
c. A total embrace of modernity
d. A total denial of the existence of modernity

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. Though opposed to the scientific and
secular focus of modernity, religious and nationalistic
fundamentalisms have incorporated many aspects of modernity,
such as technology used to spread their message and organize. (see
page 741)

14. Which of the following best describes the term jihad as intended by the original founders
of Islamic fundamentalism?

a. Violent and indiscriminate killing of non-Muslims
b. Submission to one's passions
c. Retreat into an inner sanctuary of religious purity
d. Struggle to please God

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is d. Though the term came later to mean
mostly violent armed struggle against (usually) non-Muslim enemies,
"jihad" originally was intended to mean a deep spiritual struggle to
eliminate the corrupting influences, internal and external, that
might lead one to stray from God's path. (see page 743)

15. Which best characterizes the strategies pursued by Islamic fundamentalist groups for
achieving their political aims?

a. Most attempted to gain power through elections and placing members in influential
government and social positions, but some sought violent revolutions.
b. A few attempted to gain power through elections, but most were intent on violent
revolutions.
c. They focused only on attacking non-Muslims.
d. They focused only on launching attacks outside the Islamic world.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. Though some Islamic fundamentalist
movements such as Islamic Jihad, the Taliban, and Al Qaeda sought
to overthrow secular or monarchist rulers with violence and also
targeted non-Muslims inside and outside of the Islamic world, most
attempted to win positions of influence through elections and
gaining converts or placing members in powerful positions. (see
page 745)

16. Why did Osama bin Laden and the leaders of al-Qaeda come to declare the United
States as their enemy?

a. They wanted to scare Americans into converting to Islam.
b. They objected to American military presence in Saudi Arabia after the first Gulf War.
c. They hated Christianity.
d. They mistakenly though the United States was an extension of the USSR, which had
been their enemy in Afghanistan.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Bin Laden saw the American military and
foreign policy as propping up a corrupt and sinful regime in Saudi
Arabia, while using its military bases in the Arabian peninsula to
threaten Muslims in the heart of the Islamic world. (see page 745)

17. In what way has mainstream Christianity responded to the effects of globalization?

a. By splintering into ever-smaller subgroups
b. By losing touch with its moral center
c. By addressing the moral and ethical problems of social justice, human rights, and
the suffering of the poor throughout the world
d. By pulling into a defensive, insular shell

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. A new form of global Christianity has
developed in response to globalization, one that seeks to address
problems of injustice, poverty, and human rights for all people
rather than to attempt to convert or conquer non-Christians. (see
page 747)

18. Which of the following is NOT one of the three major ways in which the Earth's
environment has been radically impacted by the changes of the last half-century?

a. Unprecedented population growth
b. Exorbitant prices of fossil fuels
c. Vast use of fossil fuels, especially oil
d. Phenomenal economic growth

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. With just a few exceptions in the 1970s
and the end of the first decade of the new millennium, energy,
especially fossil fuels, have remained cheap enough that modern
nations and developing nations alike have assumed they could be
used as a plentiful and convenient energy source. (see pages 747
748)

19. What was a major difference between western environmental movements and
environmentalists in developing countries?

a. Western environmentalists cared only for the environments of their own countries;
environmentalists in developing countries cared for the whole planet.
b. Western environmentalists lacked the popular base of support that environmentalists
in developing countries had.
c. Western environmentalists were concerned more with issues of pollution and limiting
growth; environmentalists in developing countries were more concerned with food security
and social justice.
d. Western environmentalists were more concerned about people; environmentalists in
developing nations were more concerned with species of animals.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. Whereas environmental movements in the
West often push for preserving natural habitats, environmentalists
in developing nations have been less concerned with protecting
nature for the sake of animals than for maintaining the food sources
and ways of life of threatened indigenous populations. (see page
750)

20. What was the world's reaction to the United States' refusal to sign on to the Kyoto
protocol?

a. Sympathy
b. Indifference
c. Anger
d. Relief

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. Because the Kyoto protocol was a treaty
that required nations to limit their carbon dioxide emissions, which
164 countriesincluding most of the world's industrialized nations
agreed to, and because the United States is by far the world's
biggest emitter of carbon dioxide (and other pollutants), was
offensive to many nations, especially those developing countries
that felt it unfair to be limited in their industrial capacity even
though they had not attained the level of industrialization as the
United States. (see page 752)




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