Understand Network Media Types

Understand Network
Understand Network
Media Types
Media Types
Part 2
Part 2
LESSON 2. 3_B
LESSON 2. 3_B LESSON 2. 3_B
98-366 Networking Fundamentals
LESSON 2. 3_B
Lesson Overview
In this lesson, you will learn information about:
Cabling
Category 5e cable
Coaxial cable
RJ -45
Thicknet cable
Thinnet coaxial cable
Twisted pair shielded cable
Unshielded cable
LESSON 2. 3_B
Anticipatory Set
1. Recall what you learned about cables yesterday.
2. On paper list everything you remember about twisted pair cables.
3. Share your answers in a group and present to the class if time allows.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Preparing for a Class Activity
Students will make a cable at the end of this review using a
category 5 cable and RJ -45 terminators.
Keep notes on the demonstration and presentation for your cable
making.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP)
8 individual copper wires covered by an insulating material
Used for many different networks.
The copper wire is color-coded plastic insulation and they are twisted
in pairs. It is all covered with an outer jacket.
LESSON 2. 3_B
UTP is the most common form of twisted pair wiring.
It is less expensive and easier to work with than STP.
It is used in Ethernet 10Base-T and 100Base-T networks, as well as
in home and office telephone wiring.
Two insulated copper wires are twisted around each other to decrease
crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires.
Every signal on a twisted pair involves both the wires.
Twisted pair is installed in two or more pairs, all within a single
cable, to offer multiple connections to computers.
UTP cable is typically installed using a registered jack 45 (RJ -45)
connector.
The RJ -45 is an eight-wire connector used commonly to connect
computers onto a local area network (LAN), especially Ethernets.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Types of UTP Cabling
Category 1Used for telephone communications
Category 2Data speed at 4 Mbps per second
Category 3Speeds of 10 Mbps, used for 10BASE-T
Category 4For Token Ring transmit data at 16 Mbps
Category 5Can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps
Category 5e Used in networks running at speeds up to 1000 Mbps (1
gigabit per second [Gbps])
Category 6Consists of four pairs of 24 American wire gauge (AWG)
copper wires and fastest standard for UTP
LESSON 2. 3_B
Shielded twisted-pair (STP)
Used in Ethernet networking and has shielding, cancellation, andwire
twisting with each pair of wires wrapped in a metallic foil
The four pairs of wires are wrapped in an overall metallic braidor foil,
generally 150-ohm cable.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Because of its cost and difficulty with termination, STP is rarely used
in Ethernet networks.
STP is primarily used in Europe.
Because most buildings are already wired with UTP, many
transmission standards are adapted to use it, to avoid costly rewiring
with an alternative cable type.
UTP and STP are not used together.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Coaxial cable
Made of a hollow outer cylindrical conductor surrounding a single inner
wire made of two conducting elements
One element in the center of the cable is a copper conductor.
A layer of flexible insulation surrounds the copper conductor.
Over the insulation is a metallic foil or woven copper braid acting as both
the second wire in the circuit and a shield for the inner conductor .
This second layer/shield helps reduce the amount of outside interference.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Coaxial cable can be cheaper for a physical bus topology becauseless
cable will be needed.
It is more costly than UTP on a per-unit length and is relatively
inexpensive.
Coaxial cable is less expensive than fiber optic cable.
Can be used over longer distances than twisted-pair cable
Ethernet can run approximately 100 meters using twisted-pair cabling.
Using coaxial cable increases this distance to 500 meters.
Can be run with fewer boosts from repeaters for longer distances
between network nodes than either STP or UTP cable
LESSON 2. 3_B
Wireless communication
Uses radio frequencies (RF) or infrared (IR) waves to transmit data
between devices on a LAN
Wireless signals are electromagnetic waves that can travel through the
vacuum of outer space and through a medium such as air.
A key module is the wireless hub for distributing signals through the
wireless LAN.
A computer can have a wireless adapter card (wireless NIC) installed to
receive the signals from the access point.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Applications of wireless data communication
Accessing the Internet using a cellular phone
Establishing Internet connection over satellite
Beaming data between two handheld computing devices
Wireless keyboard and mouse for the PC
Wireless LAN (WLAN) use radio waves (902 MHz)
Microwaves (2.4 GHz)
IR waves (820 nanometers [nm]) for communication
LESSON 2. 3_B
Wireless
Distribution
LESSON 2. 3_B
LESSON 2. 3_B
Demonstration and Class Activity Preparation
Unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP) cable has eight individual copper
wires covered by an insulating material; used for many different
networks.
The copper wire is color-coded plastic insulation and the wires are
twisted in pairs. It is all covered with an outer jacket.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Color coding of wiring pairs
LESSON 2. 3_B
Network Cabling Standards
The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) developed standards in 1991
for the cabling used in telecommunications applications.
In 1995 it was updated by the EIA and later replaced with the current
TIA/EIA 568-B standard.
LESSON 2. 3_B
T568A and T568B
Based on TIA/EIA-568-B.1-2001, the wiring schemes define the
pin out, or order of connections, for wires in eight-pin modular
connector plugs and jacks.
LESSON 2. 3_B
The wiring assignments in the RJ -45 plug are important. A colored
wire must be placed in a specific pin location in the plug in order
for the cable to meet the standard.
It is these wiring assignments that differ between the T568A and
T568B standard.
The only difference between T568A and T568B is that pairs 2 and
3 (orange and green) are swapped.
Both configurations wire the pins "straight through," i.e., pins1
through 8 on one end are connected to pins 1 through 8 on the
other end.
The same sets of pins are paired in both configurations: pins 1 and
2 form a pair, as do 3 and 6, 4 and 5, and 7 and 8.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Cable Termination
Cables that are terminated with differing standards on each end will not
function normally.
Standard RJ -45 pinouts describe the arrangement of the individual
wires required when connecting connectors to a cable.
RJ -45 is the standard connector for 10Base-T/100Base-TX Ethernet,
ISDN, T1, and modern digital telephone systems.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Demonstration Steps
1. The pins on the RJ -45 plug are numbered 1 to 8.
2. Hold a CAT 5 patch cable in your hand, as if inserting into a jack, with
the contacts facing in the up position; pin 1 will be on the far left.
3. Pin 8 will be the pin on the far right. We follow this orientation when we
define the wiring assignments in the RJ -45 plug.
4. CAT 5 Cable has four twisted pairs within the sheath. Each pair has a
specific color code, and is placed into deliberate pin location within the
RJ -45 plug.
5. In constructing the cable, use identical pin assignments on eachend as
the 568-B standard is used in the United States.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Deciding to use T568 A or T568 B
1. If the installation is residential, choose T568A unless other
conditions apply.
2. If there is preexisting voice/data wiring (remodel, moves, adds,
changes), duplicate this wiring scheme on any new connection.
3. If project specifications are available, use the specified wiring
configuration.
4. If components used within the project are internally wired either
T568A or T568B, duplicate this wiring scheme.
Circulate and carefully inspect the finished demonstration cable.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Student Activity 2.3_B
1. Group in pairs so each person can attach an RJ -45 end to the category
5e cable.
2. View the YouTube video on making a patch cord with RJ -45
terminators and a category 5e cable wire.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=482VtesZwZ8
3. Complete Student Activity 2.3_B with a partner to construct a cable
using the materials provided.
LESSON 2. 3_B
Lesson Review
1. Test the cable.
2. Analyze and correct any problems.
3. Detail the testing and correcting process in a written report.
4. Submit to your instructor.

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