A. Crine & L.

Durand 6/23/2014
Categorized/Described napping interpretation with HMFA
What is categorized napping and how can categorized napping datasets be processed?
As its name suggests, this method groups together two widel used methods! napping and
"ategori#ation. During a $"ategori#ed napping% session, the panelists are &irst as'ed to set the (
di&&erent produ"ts on the )ta*le"loth+, then to "reate di&&erent groups in whi"h the put the produ"ts
and e,entuall to des"ri*e the groups. -hus, two produ"ts with ,er "lose "oordinates will *e put in
the same group with the same des"ription. .n the "ontrar, two produ"ts with ,er distant "oordinates
will *e put in two di&&erent groups. -he panelists ha,e to "reate at least two groups, on the ma/imum
n01 groups and mustn%t put in the same group two produ"ts that ha,e ,er distant "oordinates on the
$ta*le"loth%.
-his method is interesting *e"ause it "ompletes the in&ormation gi,en * the napping results
with 1ualitati,e des"ription o& the produ"ts o& ea"h 2udge. 3t helps to understand what "riterion is used
* the 2udges when the set the produ"ts *ut also ena*le to "ompare 2udges 4is there a "onsensus
*etween the 2udges or not56.
Particularity of the categorized napping data
-he "olle"ted data ha,e a parti"ular stru"ture, des"ri*ed *elow!
Judge 1 Judge 2 Judge k Judge K
Napping Cat Napping Cat Napping Cat Napping Cat
! " ! " ! " ! "
-his stru"ture is in &a"t di,ided in groups and su*groups! &or ea"h 2udge, there is a group o&
,aria*les in whi"h the &irst su*group "ontains two 1uantitati,e ,aria*les 4"oordinates 7 and 8 on the
)ta*le"loth+6 and the se"ond su*group "ontains one te/tual 1ualitati,e ,aria*le 4des"ription o& the
produ"t6. -his hierar"hi"al stru"ture has to *e ta'en into "onsideration in the data pro"essing. 3ndeed,
the in&luen"e o& ea"h su*group 4napping data and "ategori#ation data6 has to *e *alan"ed. -his also
applies to the groups 4here, the 2udges6.
Presentation of the data studied in this example
-he data set is made o& 9 rows 4produ"ts! 4 :ren"h and 4 ;a'istani *is"uits6 and <4 "olumns. Load
the data set as a te/t &ile * "li"'ing here.
Review of HMFA
-o sum up, =ierar"hi"al >ultiple :a"tor Analsis is dedi"ated to datasets where ,aria*les are
stru"tured a""ording to a hierar"h leading to groups and su*groups o& ,aria*les. ?e,eral sets o&
groups o& ,aria*les 4"ontinuous or "ategori"al6 are there&ore simultaneousl studied. As a
"onse1uen"e, =>:A "an *e "onsidered as a >:A o& >:As.
:or &urther in&ormation on the =>:A, see the &ollowing papers! Hierarchical Multiple Factor
Analysis Application to the comparison of sensory profiles, ?. Le Dien and @. ;agAs.
4http!//www.statisti'.uni0dortmund.de/sensometri"s/A*stra"ts/?B020LeDien.pd&6
Results with HMFA
-he purpose o& this analsis is to highlight di&&eren"es or similarities *etween the 9 produ"ts.
-he =>:A pro,ides results "ompara*le to >:A. Cut in the "ase o& =>:A, *oth partial indi,iduals
asso"iated with the di&&erent 2udges and partial indi,iduals asso"iated with the di&&erent des"riptors are
represented.
Partial individuals
-he graph o& partial indi,iduals shows ea"h produ"t, seen * either ea"h 2udge 4Le,el 2!
"oordinates and words6 or ea"h 2udge0words and 2udge0"oordinates. =ere we ha,e the &irst one whi"h
is easier to interpret! 4&or a *etter reading, the words ha,e *een remo,ed here6.
.n this graph, one "an see that the )star+ around e,er produ"t isn%t ,er large. 3t "an *e
interpreted as a "ertain "onsensus *etween the 2udgesD the tend to pla"e the produ"ts in a similar wa
on the )ta*le"loth+.
!ndividuals
.n the graph o& indi,iduals 4simpli&ied here6, one "an see the produ"ts and the words
asso"iated to them * ea"h 2udge. 3t "an help to interpret the sense o& the &a"torial a/es and the groups.
3n our e/ample, on the le&t o& the graph the *is"uits are des"ri*ed as dr, "rust whereas the right o&
the graph is dedi"ated to )sa*lE+, and *utter &la,oured *is"uits. -he ,erti"al a/e seems to represent the
strength o& the taste, with terms li'e spi", "innamon, lemon... on the top. Fe "an also noti"e that the
:ren"h *is"uits are down on the graph, whereas the ;a'istani produ"ts are on the upper part, this might
mean that 2udges ma'e a real di&&eren"e *etween the *is"uits the 'now and those the don%t 'now 4all
the 2udges were :ren"h6.
"roups representation
-he interpretation is "ompara*le to the >:A%s one. A group has high "oordinates on the &irst
dimension i& it "ontri*utes a lot to the &irst dimension. -wo groups ha,e "lose "oordinates i& the
"ontri*ute e1uall to the dimension. 3t allows then to "ompare 2udges.
3n this "ase, ,aria*les named with e,en num*ers 4words6 "ontri*ute the most to the two &irst
dimensions. -his is lin'ed to the &a"t that here the 2udges ha,e made ,er little groups 41 or 2
produ"ts6, the ,aria*les words present then a larger ,aria*ilit than the "oordinates! the are almost all
"onsidered di&&erent * the "omputer. Conse1uentl, the ,aria*les )words+ are highl lin'ed to all the
prin"ipal "omponents o& the analsis and aren%t there&ore ,er interesting on this graph. -he position
o& the groups )ta*le"loth+ tells us a*out the )per&orman"e+ o& a 2udge doing the napping, and what
dimensions the "hose. -he "omparison o& the 2udges must *e done with these ,aria*les rather than
the 2udges 4L2.G( points that are *iased *e"ause o& the didn%t manage to group the produ"ts
properl6.
:inall, the =>:A appears as an interesting tool to analse "ategori#ed napping datasets! -he
graphi"al outputs will allow ou to interpret properl a mi/ o& 1uantitati,e and 1ualitati,e
groups/,aria*les while learning more a*out the produ"ts and the 2udges who tested them.
Napping coordinates
Words
Annexe
H s"ript !
# Dataset importation
Brut=read.table("C:/.../.../",sep="\t",dec=",",header=T)
# Dataset remoin!
"e#d=Brut$%:&,%:'(
)or( i in % : %*)+
"e#d$,(,-(i.%)./):(,-(i.%).0)(=Brut$(i-&.%):(i-&.&),,:'(
1
ro#names("e#d)="e#d$,0(
"e#d="e#d$,,:dim("e#d)$0((
)or (i in %:%&)+
"e#d$,,-i(=as.)actor(as.character("e#d$,,-i())
1
# De)inition o) the hierarch2
3ier=list(rep(c(0,%),%&),rep(0,%&))
T2=rep(c("c","n"),%&)
# 3456
3op=3456(7=as.data.)rame("e#d),3=3ier,t2pe=T2)