~ x lonely planet language survival kit L lacs fh yrclend lasle abaPah by Tels Bet Putas ed! cs PD am 0 Manto, Visei 28, Astle Some BO BoreIA Rebels ca boty, LA Psa dara, Hone Kone Pans Dect 190 Nason Libra of Australi Catlpsng in Poison Data Chambers Kevin Ish os6u205 6 dopa = Caventon nd pes chs = Ealbieh aimee Revo he Scent Laney Plane, 1988 ‘Alghero prt thi puto ay be repaid tore in acts ‘pecm ar tasted in any fr ty an Phtoopng ecg or cherie capt ent forthe spn ‘thu! tween pessoa he publaker nd eps omer Contents INTRODUCTION 5 PRONUNCIATION Vowels - Consonants i GRAMMAR Word Order - Verbs - Adjectives u Questions ~ Yes & No - Pronouns ~ Nouns ~ Place Words - Particles - Uh GREETINGS & CIVILITIES Forms of Address ~ Attracting 20 Someone's Attention ~ Greetings ~ Welcome ~ Meeting People ~ Goodbyes ~ Thanking People ~ Gifts ~ Other Civilities SMALL TALK Family Terms - About Yourself ~ % Nationalities ~ Some Useful Phrases ACCOMMODATION Checking In - Checking Out- 33 ‘At the Laundry GETTING AROUND Trains - On the Bus ~ Instructions ~ 41 Some Useful Words ~ Some Useful Phrases AROUND TOWN Addresses - At the Post Office ~ 50 At the Bank ~ Things to See & Do ~ Night ‘Emergencies IN THE COUNTRY Animals ~ Weather ~ Some Useful 59 Phrases - Place NamesFOOD Mealtimes - Drinks -Fruit -Seafood-Bgg- 65 ‘Meat ~ Vegetables - Soups ~ Seasonings ~ Grains ~ ‘Miscellaneous Food - Some Useful Words ~ Japanese Food ~ Some Useful Phrases SHOPPING Bargaining - Shopping ~ At the Camera 82 Shop ~ Stationery = Clothes - Quantities ~ Some Useful Phrases HEALTH Allergies - At the Chemist -Parts ofthe 94 ‘Body ~ Some Useful Words ~ Some Useful Phrases ‘TIME & DATES Tolling Time - Dates - Festivals- 101 Seasons NUMBERS Counters ~ Money ~ Measurements 108 ‘VOCABULARY 113 Introduction Virtually every citizen of Japan is an ethnic Japanese and speaks Japanese. A very ethnically homogeneous nation, the ‘only minorities in Japan are about 600,000 Koreans and the {few thousand Ainu of Hokkaido Island. Most ofthe Koreans ‘were brought to Japan as slave labourers between 1910 and, 1945 when Korea was a Japanese colony. The ‘round-eyed’ and bearded Ainu were the original inhabitants of Japan but ‘were pushed into the far north by the Yamato people who we now think of as the Japanese. Today there are far more foreign businesspeople in Japan than there are Ainu. Even the most arrogant ofthe first western visitors to Japan remarked upon the politeness of the Japanese. Although ‘Japanese exclusiveness (‘we Japanese versus outsiders’ irks ‘many foreigners, the Japanese remain extraordinarily polite toward visitors. The Japanese tend to be reserved but very. friendly and helpful if you break the ice. ‘The Japanese language is a member of the Tungusic~ Altaic language group which includes Mongolian and Korean. Japanese is structurally quite different from Chinese. However, since they didn'thaveawritingaystem of their own, the Japanese began using Chinese characters (kanji) between the 5th and 9th centuries, Inthe 9th century the Japanese devised a phonetic syllabary called kana to supplement the ideographic kanji with Japanese verb inflections and particles. To make matters even more complicated, two different kana syllabaries evolved: hhiragana for writing native words and hatakana for writing foreign words. 56 Introduction Although some Japanese tend to be suspicious of foreigners who speak their language too fluently, they greatly appreciate any effort by visitors to use their language. Many Japanese speak at least alittle English and bewildered-looking foreigners will often be approached with ‘an offer of help. This book is designed to help you travel independently and tocommunicate your needs and ideas without offence. It is by no means a text for learning the complexities of Japanese grammar. Learning Japanese is, however, very rewarding and it is hoped that this book will whet the ‘reader's appetite tolearn more. Fora humorous introduction to the Japanese language pick up a copy of Jack Seward’s Japanese in Action (John Weatherhill Ine, New York and. ‘Tokyo, 1968). Good luck in your travels. Umaku iku yo nif Pronunciation {es fairly easy for English speakers to pronounce Japanese. ‘There is also very little variance in stress. Equal weight is, given to every syllable of a word unless it has a lengthened vowel sound, in which case the duration of the sound is, doubled. Although pitch is important in Japanese, simply following the pronunciation guide will allow you to be understood. ‘Throughout this phrasebook you will find both Japanese script and the romanised (romaji) forms of writing used side- by-side. Although it takes some dedication to learn the 2000, ‘kanji necessary to read most Japanese writing, learning the ‘kana syllabaries (hiragana and katakana)is a useful task ‘that can be done in a few days. Use the chart overleaf to memorise them, Vowels a ‘asa’ in ‘father’ as‘ in ‘macaroni? v as‘u in ‘fu e ‘as ‘ein got” ° 80’ in ‘lot? Vowels appearing in this book witha bar over them (4, ¢, 7,0, 2) are pronounced long ~ about twice as long as regular vowels. ‘Thisisa vital difference, as anyone who has confused komon (adviser) with komon (anus) can tell you. ‘The ‘u’ in the common polite verb desu (am, muted and hardly pronounced at all. re) isPronunciation 9 8 Pronunciation HIRAGANA. KATAKANA TaN aaa wnt wer Te] fy |v wen fe Sth be eS Dd laf pe fae“ nS] [a+10 Pronunciation Consonants Consonants are pronounced thesame asin English, with the following exceptions: {where ‘f, sometimes romanised as *h’, appears in romanised Japanese it should be pronounced much lighter than in English - the easiest way to approximate this Japanese sound is to purse the lips and blow lightly 9 if word starts with ag’, itis given a hard sound as in ‘goal’ In the middle of a word it i often nasalised as ‘ng? nh given a more nasal sound than in English when it occurs {as a final consonant - otherwise like the ‘n’ in ‘no! + pronounced with the tip of the tongue quickly ‘touching the ridge just behind the upper front teeth; somewhere between an ‘l’ and an ‘r 5 always given a hard sound as in ‘saw! Double consonants are pronounced as separate syllables. Jessaten (coffee shop), for example, is pronounced as ks-saten. a Grammar Word Order Unlike English, where the word order is subject-verb-object, the word order ofa Japanese sentence issubject-object-verb. In other words, while in English we would say: Who hit the ball? ‘Japanese would say the equivalent of: Who the ball hi In speech, unnecessary words are omitted from thesentence. ‘The Japanese rely upon the listener to determine the ‘meaning by context. Often the verb phrase is all there is toa sentence, leaving the listener to figure out who is being talked about. Verbs ‘The verb is the most important part of the sentence. The Japanese penchant for omitting superfluous information ‘often leaves the verb clause as the entire sentence. Verbs remain unchanged no matter how many people are being talked about. Thusikimasu can mean: go, yougo, he (she, it), goes, we go, and they go. ‘Japanese verbs take endings that express politeness. The addition of masu to a verb makes it both more polite and, n12Grammar fortunately for the non-native speaker, easier to conjugate. ‘Masu forms have been used throughout this book. For some ‘examples of how they inflect, see the “Tense’ section. Tenso Verbs only have the present and past tenses. ‘The future tense is indicated by the present tense used in combination with time indicating adverbs such as ‘next month’. ‘Here aze some examples of how a few common verbs are conjugated: verb polite ending past tense negative too §0. went docan't go thu ikimasu ikimashita _ikimasen tocome come came docan’t come kuru imasu—kimashita imagen. todrink drink drank doesn’t drink nomu —nomimasu—nomimashita_ nomimasen toeat eat ate doesn’t eat taberu — tabemasu — tabemashita — tabemasen tohave have had doesn’t have aru arimasu—arimashita_—arimasen. Desu ‘We can think of desu as roughly equivalent tothe verb ‘tobe’ in English, eg: Tam Australian. twatash wa eutorarigin Grammar 13 Negatives ‘To make most statements negative, replace desu (am, is, are) with dewa arimasen, sometimes, in informal Japanese, contracted to ja arimasen. Tam Australian. watashi wa dsutorariajin desu. Tam not Australian. watashi wa dsutorariajin dewa arimasen ‘The masu ending, whieh is taken by all verbs other than desu, can be made negative by replacing the su ending with speak Japanese, watashi wa nihongo o hanashimasu don't speak Japanese. ‘watashi wa nihongo 0 hanashimasen Adjectives ‘As in English, adjectives (and adverbs) precede the words they modify. ‘Thus: A cheap hotel. ‘yasul hoteru Negative In the negative, the i ending is replaced by ku and the verb aarimasen added. Thus: ‘This hotel isn’t cheap. ‘kono hoteru wa ‘yasuku arimasen14 Grammar Questions ‘Aka at the end of a sentence indicates a yes or no question, Simply add the particle ka after the verb. Thus: ‘This is a cheap hotel. ore wa yasui hoteru desu Isthis a cheap hotel? kore wa yasui hoteru desu ha? For mor specific question the following question words ae used: who who are you? donata (polite) donata desu ha? dare (informal) which which one is it? ddochira (polite) dochira desu ka? dore (informal) what what are you doing? nan* nani o shite imasu kat where where is it? doko doko desu ka? when when are you going? itsu itsu tkimasu ka? how hhow is it? (what's it like?) do 6 desu a? How many ikutsw How much hhow much is it? ikura ihura desu ka? Why ‘nan before b, p, d, tn, 1, 2, and nani before others Grammar 15 Yes & No ‘The word for ‘no’ isiie. However, in most situations, asimple tie willsound brusquetothe Japanese, Make your'no' alittle ‘more polite: Tm sorry, but no. lie, sumimasen ‘Tosay ‘yes’, youcan either say hai or hai followed by the verb in the question. You will also hear the less emphatic ee. ‘Are you Australian? anata wa dsutorariajin desu ka? Yes, I'm Australian. hai, osutorariajin desu Pronouns Personal pronouns aren't used as often in Japanese as English. They are often omitted if they are obvious from the context. Also, although the word for ‘I’ is romanised as watakushi, you are more likely to hear and use the slightly less formal watashi when you are interacting with Japanese, ‘Add the polite suffix wa to pronouns when talking about ‘others. Note the Japanese have no word for ‘it’, and that the pronouns ‘he’ (hare) and ‘she’ (kangjo) are more often than not replaced by phrases meaning ‘that person’. ‘When speaking of people the suffix tachi can be added toa pronoun to indicate plurality. Ime watakushi you anata he, she (that person) ano hito we, us watakushitachi ‘you (plural) anatatachi they (those persons) ano hitotachi16 Grammar Demonstratives Pronouns beginning with ko refer to ‘this thing’ or ‘this place’; pronouns beginning with so refer to ‘that thing’ ot “that place’ close to the person you are addressing; pronouns beginning with a refer to ‘that place’ or ‘that thing” at « distance from both speaker and listener. this/these hore thatithose (close to you) sore that/those (far from you) are here hoko there (close to you) soko there (far from you) ‘asoko Nouns ‘apanese nouns don't indicate number; shokudd can mean ‘arestaurant’, ‘the restaurant’, or ‘restaurants’. The listener hhas to use context to guess how many restaurants are being talked about. The major exception is when speaking about people. See the ‘Pronouns’ section. Grammar 17 Place Words ‘These common place words are used after nouns to indicate relative location: above no we ni behind no ushiro ni beside CO no soba né front no mae ni inside no naka ni outside sos Mo soto ni under no shita ni no muko ni inside the station ki no naka ni ‘opposite the bank sinks no muk6 ni Particles In Japanese, a number of particles attach themselves to words and phrases in order, basically, to indicate the relationship of the preceding word to the word or words that. follow. The particle wa indicates that the preceding noun is the subject of the sentence: Tam an Australian. watakushi wa osutorariajin desu Twa Australian am, 10 The particle no, placed between nouns, indicates that the second noun belongs to the first:, 18 Grammar This is my luggage. ‘hore wa watakushi no nimotsu desu ‘This wa I no luggage is, ° A word followed by o, isthe object of the sentence: Tspeak Japanese, watakushi wa nihongo 0 hanashimasu Twa Japanese o speak. Note that this is different to the o used as a polite prefix, ‘which is the equivalent of saying "honourable ......’ Don't add the o when speaking of your own situation, o-genki deeu ka? o health is ka? How are you? ‘The particle ni indicates location: live in Japan, nihon ni sunde imasu Japan ni live de ‘The particle de indicates activity in a location: Tam travelling in Japan. _nihon de ryoko shite imasu Japan de travel doing am. Grammar 19 ‘The particle e indicates movement towards a place: Tm going to Japan. nikon e ikimasie Japan e go. kara ‘The particle kara indicates movement away from a place: Tm going from Japan nihon kara chukoku e to China, ikimasu Japan kara China e go. Uh You will no doubt often hear the words ano and e¢o during. your stay in Japan. They are not actually words, but the ‘Japanese equivalents of the English ‘uh’. ano, wakarimasen Uh, Idon't know. t eto, sumimasen Uh, excuse me.i Greetings & Civilities Forms of Address ‘The Japanese equivalent of Me’, ‘Mrs',or‘Miss'issan. I'san all-purpose polite suffix that should be added on tothe family name. A person whose family name is Watanabe should be adadressed as watanabe-san. The title sama serves the same purpose as san but is more formal. Never refer to yourself or anyone in your immediate family as ...... san as this adress is reserved as a means of showing tespect to others. ‘Most Japanese have a two-part name consisting of family name and a given name. Traditionally, the family name precedes the given name in writing or speceh, but, since many Japanese switch the order to. accommodate foreigners itis best to ask whichis the family nameif youare vunsure. Bo not address acquaintances by their given ames. Very important words in Japanese are dozo (please) and arigatd gozaimasu. (thank you) ~ use them liberally. Déz0 can be used in situations such as inviting someone to be seated or to enter a doorway before you. Arigato gozaimass can be shortened toarigat¢ and i often used in eonjunction with domo, Attracting Someone’s Attention If you need to attract someone's attention, the Jay equivalentof ‘excuse me to preface your {question with this expression. Inshops it is possible call for attention with gomen kudasai, 20 Greetings & Civilities 21 Greetings ‘There is no real all purpose word for ‘hello’ in Japanese, Rather the Japanese use a number of different expressions at different times of the day: Good morning. ohay6 gozaimasu Good afternoon. onnichiwa ZAK SD Good evening. i Ronbanwa CANAL Hello (on the telephone) ‘moshi moshi SLL BRESTRED Welcome ‘An important greeting you will hear when you enter Japanese homes, shops, restaurants, even lifts is irasshaimase (welcome). There is no need to respond. Meeting People When meeting for the first time, the Japanese have a number of expressions which correspond roughly to the English expressions ‘how do you do” and ‘pleased to meet you. The speaker accompanies his/her introduction with a ar 22 Greetings & Civilities How do you do. hajimemashite doz0 oroshikue How do you do. (reply) ‘hajimemashite hochira ‘oso yoroshikue Pleased to meet you. oroshiku onegaishimasu KS U< BawOL EF Japanese has a greeting that is the equivalent of ‘how are you”, butt is used far less frequently than in English. As a general rule, you should only ask someone if you have not ‘seen them for several days: How are you? cel desu ha? BENTH MD jow are you? (formal) gokigen wa ikaga desu ka? WHR IS DASE HA» Fine, and you? ‘okagesamade,... (name) san wa? Goodbyes Goodbye sayonara SIGS See you later/again. ‘ja mata Lek Goodnight. oyasumi nasa BIKA EW BOISETC,_ SAM Ifyouhave tobreakoff aconversation or take yourleave from ‘company, the polite thing to say is: Greotings & Civilities 23 Excuse me. (literally, ‘Tm going to be rude’) shitsurei shimasu FALLET Thave to go. oitomashimasu BOEKLEF Thanking People Japanese has a numberof ways of expressing gratitude, the Simplest of which being damo (chanks). More polite is the expression arigato gozaimasu. You will often here the two expressions piled on top of each other, démo arigats ozaimasu. Gifts It is common for Japanese people to give gifts as an expression of gratitude for favours or when parting with friends. In formal situations the receiver often unwraps the gift when the giver has left Please accept this gift. tsumaranai mono desu 2, dozo e's nothing special. taishita mono dewa arimasen ‘Thankyou very much. domo arigato gozaimasu OATES, ey a #S é u £ & % © we 140s Skt ty Se ae 4s Se eV Other Givilities T'm happy to meet you. hhajimemashite USELTPlease. (when presenting something) doz0 Please. (when asking for something) ‘onegai shimasu No, Yes. hai You're welcome, ‘da itashimashite Excuse me. Tm sorry. gomen nasai Do you understand? wekarimasu ka? Idon't understand. ‘wakarimasen Tunderstand, wakarimase Be careful ‘io tsukete kudasai ‘Mr, Mrs, Miss... ochira toa ....8an deste ae BAKULET ber Wey E50RLELT THEA cwARaY boo ETD DEDELA beOET REWWTREY CB SATT Small Talk Outside cosmopolitan Tokyo, don't be surprised to be approached by college-aged Japanese or young sararimen (salarymen) wanting to strike up a conversation. Although, ‘most Japanese are reluctant to try out their Engiish or risk. ‘an embarrassing situation with a foreigner, their desire to be helpful will often overcome their reserve. (One of the most effective icebreakers you can use to meet “Japanese (and vice versa) is to ask them to take your picture in front of something, anything. Approach them with your ‘camera, smile and say'sumimasen (excuse me), and point at, yourcameraand then at your nose (the way Japanesesignify Ene’). This invariably results in much smiling, bowing, and fatary chit-chat if you follow the picture taking with ‘any of the following questions: ‘Are you a student? anata wa gakusei HCRIFECTD desukot Where are you fom? dochira kara EbSPaNSL EU irashaimashita ka? FLED ‘Are you on holiday? a. Taha desukat BLES > Have you been here before? mae ni koko ni kitakoto BICC CIO én granmons hel S0ETH %26 Small Talk Foreigners are 0 common in Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, and Kyoto that you probably won't attract a second glance in these cities. Outside these major cities, however, you may turn a fow heads. The Japanese word for foreigner, gaijin, may be murmured by passers-by, or screamed by surprised motorists, If you wish to beckon to someone, gesture with the palm facing down and the fingers fluttering up and down ~ never ‘beckon or point with one finger. It would be a faux pas of ‘equal magnitude to address someone by their given name, Always use the person’s family name, preceded by a title ssuch as Mr, Mrs or Miss. inating salt Family Terms Modesty isa great virtue in Japan and is expressed not only by action but also by vocabulary. There are different words forwhatis yoursand what isanother's. Special respect words are used when speaking of another person's relatives, father (one'sown) ——_chichi “ (others?) otdsan, BLEA Small Tak 27 roothee (one's own) haha 8 (others’) okdsan BRA husband (one’s own) shun tA (other) goshuin SX wife (one's own) teuma x (others’) okusan BCAA past Gomadach’ §— BREB About Yourself ‘Expect to be asked questions about your age, what company ‘you work for, and how many children you have. Leam afew phrases that tell others about yourself. Incidentally, if an acquaintance you bump into says ‘where are you going?” dochirae?,it’sa common greeting and you aren'texpected to igivean explanation ~a reply such as ‘just down the street’ is polite. Meeting People May I ask your name P ‘o-namae wa nan desu kat Bill (2 (e1 COM My name is mamaewe desu NE, OF How old are you? ihutsu detu hat Bogocte ‘children tanoa! desi fle erm (roaduls) Please repeat that. SI-Mot kan rm ichtdo itte kudasateo Could you speak a little ‘more slovly please? ‘mottoyukkurinihanashite & 2) ><) (cif L udasaimasu ka? FEET ‘Are you married? hetton site imac kat BB UC ee, kekhon shite imasu AA, REL TET No, I'm still single. = fie, mada dokushin desu WWW, FSR CH ‘Do you have any children? ohosangaimsshaimasuka? BT SAAS Li) No. DOA, WEA Yes. eu OeF one hhiiorttmasue AY ‘two futari imasu three Sannin imasw Occup What is your occupation? ovsigotowanandesuhat CEN I26I CF desu Bld oF ‘geijulsuka businessperson bijinesuman carpenter daiku P peisoteukan post office worker ‘yabin haitatsujin secretary hisho student ‘gakusei teacher yoshi waiter ueita waitress ueitoresu. Religion Tam. watakushi wa....... desu Buddhist bukkyo Chri irisuto hyo Catholic hhatoriku hyo ‘Small Talk 29 ee Reb YR-FYRb Flt: wen BALE A ee tei DEAR DE—bUA Be fasth SUA DRY D HR cisz.. Jewish yudaye hyo fuslim isuramu kyo Nationality Where are you from? doko kara kimashita ka? ‘Australia sutoraria Belgium rugi Canada hanada ‘Denmark denmaku Germany doitsw France furansu Holland oranda Italy itart India indo Ireland tirurando Japan nihon New Zealand rnywjirando 2IKK AAG bi Elm oREL ED Fr-AbBVT ave ATT Frene KAy 29a AGUS A9y- aye TAMFYE nk Sa-y-37K Soviet Union soren Sweden ‘sueden Switzerland UK igirisu USA amerika Feelings Tat sone Watashi Wd.rrne tired. tsukaremashita uureshil desu sad anashii desu sleepy nemui desu ‘Small Talk 31 vi BP mr FY AAA AYA THA Bia BNELE SRLOTS PLOT Ried cpnet SMC E Lite BROT32.Small Talk Tameson watakushi no... LO, hungry onakagasukimashita BA DATS # LIE thirsty rnodo ga DEMpdE ELK awakimashita Some Useful Phrases Where are you going? anata wa doko nt baheECKMEETD ihimasu ka? Do you speak English? igo ohanashimasu kat KIB RIS LETS What did you sey? nani o oshaimashita ka? fil 3 L RUE LiteA don't know. ‘wakarimasen DEO Ne. tie box Yes. hai ia What's the matter? ° nanika mondai ga A PRBL A Oe arimasu ha? Where is the restroom? otearai wa doko desu ka? BEVUULEC THAD What is this called? hore wa nanto iimasu ka? = HLse WUE TD Accommodation ‘Travellers have a choice between western-style hotels or “Japanese inns as well as a wide range of prices. Count on Finding English-speaking staff only atthe larger and more expensive hotels and inns. Fora taste of travel Japanese style try a Japanese ryokan oraminshuku. The ryokan isthe traditional up-market inn that westerners generally picture when they think of ‘Japanese house or inn. These are the inns with siding doors, imono-clad ladies, and reed mat (tatami floors. ‘Phe mai lays out your bed (futon) and brings meals to your room ~ delightful touches but ones for which you will pay dearly. Budget traveller go for theless elaborate family-operated ‘minshukus. The service isn't as olictous, and the food isn’t 4% good as ina ryokan but the room rates are quite comfortable. Guests do not have a choice over the ment, either type of inn ~ accept what is served. A minshuku ‘usualy features a common dining area and a set mealtime. ‘Since foreigners are sometimes turned away from both types of Japanese inns, it is best to make reservations through a tourist information office Hotel and inn bills include a service charge. Tipping snot necessary but is acceptable extraordinary service hasbeen provided. Where ig @ 7 sendoRO desu ka? > hotel hoteru34 Accommodation ryokan ie youth hostel ‘yasu hosutera. BARA ‘Watch out for hotels sporting garish architecture and pink or purpleneon signs~theseare ‘love hotels’ with hourly rates. If ‘you arrive after 10 pm you ean often get a low rate on a bizarrely decorated room for the night. Checking In Do you have... vvoig@ arimasu ha? 18850 Eb Ap heya a single room shinguru rams YIM wad a double room dabure rama FIN WH a room with a bath basu tsuki no heya — Aft S DHHS ‘How much per night? HN < Het HD ‘ippaku wa ikura desu ka? don’t have a reservation. yoyahu shiteimasen = FILTH ERA Dan't you have anything cheaper? motto yasui no wa botKuon arimasen ka? BVEtAD ‘That's too expensive. " sorewa taka sugirudesuga THisehtFSCH A Could I see the room? heya o misete hudasaimasu ka? It’s too small. chiisa sugimasu It’s too noisy. urusa sugimasu ‘This is fine. shore wa ii desu Ti be staying .. sneustatzat shimaste ‘one night hitoban ‘two nights futaban three nights mika afew nights ni san nichi cone week isshahan T'm not sure how long Tm staying, nan nichi tomaruka mada wakarimasen. Where isthe on..? ‘Accommodation 35 a 3 #e EtD pareey DOSE SET cakoner ae a S EL ES 4 ae - WHESSmE DNA WEL CTD ELAH-9—36 Accommodation bathroom, ‘otearai BTR HALOS ary teehit Sei Ei BELO CTA Em gtw supper (dinner) yushoku the bill ‘o-kanjo 0 o-negai ‘Some Useful Words air-conditioning reibo ashtray haizara chair isu clean hire’ curtain haten dirty itanai door to expensive ‘takai eating danbo hot water oyu key hagi laundry sentaku Accommodation 37 ah BREEAM LES eB wel er san a-FY mM iti ae Be eit38 Accommodation light bulb denkytt agami newspaper shinbun noisy, yakamashi pillow ‘makura sleep (v) stay (V) taizai suru soap ‘sekken towel tore Checking Out Fm checking out. tachimastz ima midday hhiru tomorrow ashita tomorrow moming su no asa aR wb RPELY at mS RET. our gaAN We WHO Can Leave my stuff with yOu until ene? made watashi no nimotsu o azukatte itedakemasu ka? this afternoon 0g evening ‘onban Could Fhave the bill? okanjooo-negaishimasu? ‘Would you get me a taxi? takushi 0 yonde hudasaimasu ka? At the Laundi blouse im burausu Dutton ‘atan leaned feuriningu shiea handkerehiet hhankachifu ironed ‘iron shite pants ‘ubon press (v) ‘puresu suru ‘Accommodation 39 Ek THOME Bi pstoreveth rie a BM EBRO LES POVERATKSEWY TIO PY PYSYFUR DINFHT TAU UR Sit FVAtS40 Accommodation pullover pura oba socks uteushita underwear shitagi ripper chakku ‘Some Useful Phrases Isthere a laundry nearby? sentchuya wa chikakw ni aarimasu ka? Ineed it today. iyo irimasu need it tommorrow. ashita irimasie Can you mend this? hore o tsukurotte itadakemasu ka? Please iron this. iron o kakete kudasai Tur—— DAY Aamb BROTH WPRROATH * aie RAK abet Ae56 Around Town tea ceremony cha no yur teahouse ‘chashitsu Zen temple zendera Tickets ‘Where can I buy tickets? hippw wa doko de haemasu ha? How much are the tickets? ‘Rippu wa ikura desu ka? WEES CHART WHI. Scam Td like to reserve seats for . seki yoyakw Mi ETI LECT ‘iia deve this evening's show ronban nosh” = BLD a— matinte hiru no sho BOY s— tomorow evening’ show ashita no ban no sho HH OBRODY a — Nightlife Ifyouareon alow budget, bevery wary of entering nice ‘cosy’ bars, or expensive looking nightclubs. Prices can. be astronomical. It is always a good idea to establish prices before entering and beinglanded with a$50 glass ofbeer. Asa feeeral ule of thumb, itis ener to avoid bas with hostess Around Town 57 Does this nightelub have hono naito harabuwa SOFA RYT TAH haba chiajtgaarimasuka? FY BORG HD How muchisit for one person? hitoré atari ikura SAMIDE B akeerimasu ka? ppoete Does it have hostesses? hosutesu ga imasu ka? How much is abottle of beer? biru ippon ikura deshoka? EARLS BCL LAM LFABWE TD ‘Some Useful Words bar ba Bo cabaret : habarei BANA cigarettes . tabako gD cinema ce eigakan it disco . deisko PEA jazz . jiazu yrk Emergencies ‘Japan isone of the safest places in the world. Youare generally safe walking alone at night ~ even on darkened streets Foreigners are rarely victims of crime. Do, however, beware of Japanese Yaktuza-types (organised crime) in some bars, especially in the Kabukicho area of Tokyo's Shinjuku ward.58 Around Town Help me! ‘asukete! Wateh out! ‘io tsukete! Thief! doroba! Call the police! hheisatsu 0 yonde kudasai! S%%' Call a doctor! isha oyondekudasai! = RE EMPA TEAL In the Country Isit far to the 7 wa toi dese ha? AEM T PD Can we walk to the...” made aruite EHOTHE ETD hama w dakutst. inant minato ® bot oprngs , ona ae isla hima 8 lake raizum a mountain sama rn kawa MM road mal itt “mi a teahouse ; heahitau X60 In the Country. we | otera Be valley | tant waterfall taki ie Is there a... in this area? hhono her ni te i. GCDB ICAL arimasu ka? guest house , ryokan fie hoiel hoteru ae park hoon ai restaurant resutoran LAaboy youth hostel puis hosuteru village mura i BHORT MD Animals | animal dabutsu bird tori cat neko chicken nniwatori cow shi crab ani dog nw. fish sakana frog aerw oat. yagi horse rabbit usagi rat Weather cloud kumo fog hiri ame taiyo snow yuki wind haze In the Country 6162 In the Country In the Country 63 Some Useful Phrases py ato 38 kobe #4 fow isthe weather? tenkiwadodesukat = -KRED CHM nagoya Fb yokohama Bi It's very cold today. hyo wa semui desu Fae eS hiroshima IPs fukuoka ii It’s a very hot day! fotemo atsuidesha! == E THRU TL ED nagasaki 1 tokushima fil Are those cherry blossoms? " ‘arewa sakura desuha? — SNUSKE TS 2p sendai {lt aomori Vite When do the cherry . blossoms bloom? hhakodate iit sapporo ALB sakura wa its RESO ETD sakimasu ka? Cities around Tokyo 7 an sep Me Fuji rom hore? chiba TE smacbashi iit oko kara fuji san icra

“ Rarbecued chicken on skewers, this snack, and other like it, are often available as a popular accompaniment to drinks in bars. teishoku ft | ‘This is not a dish, rather a common practice whereby restaurants offer dishes from their menu at aspecial lunch time price. lobe fish 18 ‘Also known as fugu, restaurants serve this poisonous fish to the many aficionados in Japan who get a thrill out of taking small risks. Although prepared by certified cooks, people do occasionally die from improperly prepared fugu. Noodle Dishes noodles ‘o-udon tea-flavoured buckwheat. noodles ae cha soba. RET thick noodles in fish broth chikara wdon thin noodles in pork broth, ‘gomoku soba BPHIEA ceced78 Food thick noodles in curry soup are nanban iso flavoured thin noodles miso ramen Rice Dishes ‘gohan bowl of rice gohan ichizen {ied rice with pork or shrimp cha han beef and gravy over rice hhayashé raisu curtied rice are raisu omelette rice rice steamed in fish bouillon amameshi DVAIEAILA BEIOAY Tika. Cita EA FYANY Wad x DV-FAR ALGAR meOL Food 79 Some Useful Phrases Pa like a table for two. fatari y6.no teburu 0 ADT — TE onegaishimasue DROLET Do you have an English menu? igo no mena wa EDX ‘arimasit kat BNETD Tm vegetarian. watashi wa saishoku BAER ERG TH shugisha desu Do you have any vegetarian meals? . saishoku shugi sha yo ef LAE OR ME no riyari wa arimasuka? 0 $34 Western-style food. ‘y6fd no riyori HERORE Japanese-style food. waft no riyori ALOR, ‘What do you recommend? o-susume rydri wa nen Bev RLMSIA desu ka? ‘What's the price of the fixed menu? teishokuwwaihuradesuke? WEIR < 5 CTD ‘The food is cold. ryoriwa sameteimasu —- HAIESH TVET I've had enough, thank you. hore de mo kekko des | CHEF aspirin TARY Pa an onder ay Ros contracepti hininge atest disinfectant hod yak ana inset repellent, bochazai boa medicine Rusuri Ci R sanitary napkins seiriyo rmapuin ASUS Ty toothbrushes . haburasht tranquilisee tweeders henchi Please make this prescription, kore o chézai shite udasai Parts of the Body Health 97 CHABALT RRS 6 4 ae98 Health ‘mouth uchi hubi hana rib rokkotsu. stomach throat tooth ha Some Useful Words ambulance hyahyasha blood hetsucki bum (v) yakedo break breathe iki o sur cough (¥) seki ga demasu deat tsunbo A ui a intr Wt 1 ape ct Kate se Ke yey BETS wanet oe dentist haisha disease byaki doctor isha drink (v) nomi fever netsu headache ‘uted. hangover futsukayoi infection ans injection chusha itch ail patient anja poison dokus rash hhasshin sprain (v) uj sunburn hivake swell (x) hhareru ae eR ae the A arn Ai a3 reat mi ih ae RE HS Ae Hine Health 99100 Health Time & Dates test ‘hensa ite vomiting mods bee Once you learn how to count in Japanese, telling time is no ‘Some Useful Phrases harder than in English. All you have to do is say the word for How do you feel? ‘ibun wa thaga desu ka? UPA DAC H I don't feel well the numeral and add a simple suffix. For example, to say 5 elock, you say the word for , go, add the suffix meaning espn . ‘STelock’ ji, and you've got gov. pititun ga suguremasen SAS} 25R EA ‘Toexpress a fraction of an hour, combine the word for the lease call a doctor. : : | hour with the word for the minutes. For example, 5.15 isha 0 yonde kudasai BREEATE EH would be 5 o'clock, gai, + 15 minutes, jagofun, or goji ja \ Please take us to a doctor. ontun. fun. hanitaureteittehudasai BEKIC INTO CREO | Sh te jour igexpnessed by han;5:90 would thereforebe Ichurts here. _ soiihan. 1 foe gait n desu Soa A, ‘Learn the military or 24-hour time system before arriving am nauseate nos in Japan, because this system is used for train and bus pitt g shimasu ake Let schedlules ~ 1300 is 1 o'elock, 1800 is 6 o'lock, ete. shinaide hudasai! Lanekau it i Please call a police ofice. cee, oe Taling Time, Kegatautan osonde HREM AC RB hat ce i ey cm It is... o’elock, soe Ji des ichi 101102 Time & Dates yon 0 roku 4 5 6 4 Shichi 8 hachi 9 hw 10 ja ul Jidichi 2 Jani Minutes {minute ippun 5 minutes sofun 10 minutes jitppun re Jitgofun 30 minutes sanjappun 45 minutes ‘yonjagofun a i waa Now it's 2.18. ima wa ni jagofun desu It’s half past one. ichiji han desu ‘Some Useful Words. afternoon day before yesterday ototot evening ban gozen reifi minute fun morning ase night yoru shogo. now ima ‘Time & Dates 103, FRED ET AEC T “rie a KA Been & % es “PATE104 Time & Dates today hyo an tomorrow ashita aA tonight konban ae yesterday kino neal Weeks last week senshi ie next week raishu this week honsha cone week isshakan ‘two weeks ' nishukan =n Dates Alchough traditional holidays still fall according the lunar calendar they originated with, the Japanese today use the Gregorian (solar) calendar. Sometimes you may hear of year referred to asthe ‘63rd (or other) year of Showa’. The ‘Tapanese also date years according to the beginning of eras which start when a new emperor takes over. Thus, with accession of Emperor Akihito to the Chrysanthemum ‘Throne, 1989 became the first year of Heisei, In Japanese, dates are written with the year first, followed by the month and lastly the day. ‘Time & Dates 105 Months Months in Japanese are simply referred to as the ‘I-month’ (anuary), the “-month’ (February), ete. January ichigatsu A February : rnigatsie “A March sega =A niga rw May 5 gogatsu aA rokugatsu aA July’ shichigatsu August hachigatsu September Rugatsu October jagatsu November piticigatsu, ‘anigatau106 Time & Dates Days ‘Today is... yd wa... dese Sunday nichiyabi Monday getsuyobi Tuesday kayobi Wednesday suiyobi Thurday mokuyobi Friday inyobi Saturday doyobi holidey hyagjitsu ‘Some Useful Phrasos What day is today? ‘kyo wa nanyobi desu ka? What's today’s date? hhy6 wa nannichi desu ka? What time is it? nnanji desu ka? When will you come back? jitsu kaerimasu ka? Faas Hee Aimee ‘xem A ME RE aL mtn ike FHM C+D FHA TH flag eT WON EF ‘Time & Dates 107 Festivals Most of Japan's festivals began as local celebrations by farmers wanting to express their awe of nature or their joy over completed harvests, Beeause of the lack of communication, in pre-modern Japan most festivals retained their local nature and never became nation-wide celebrations. Around, the second week in August the bon festival features traditional dancing and celebrants welcome and send off the souls of their ancestors. festival day saijitsu A eve festival ‘oimatsur we fal parede s shinko LAT languins aa am & paper lanterns ' thtchin sit ‘Seasons ori hors te summer aa x fmm ssi a winter fuyu &Arabic numerals are usually used in Japan but sometimes, especially on menus, you will find the following Chinese characters (kanji) use: 6A | Te i “W@ “(if The Japanese have @ commonly used system of hand gestures for counting. Learn these gestures for the cardinal, ‘numbers and you can communicate without words, Japanese has two counting systems, a native Japanese system, which only goes as high as ‘10’, and @ system, borrowed from Chinese. This is not as confusing as it might sound at first, the rules concerning when to use the separate systems being very clear. As a general rule, Chinese numerals combine with ‘counters’ (see page 111), while ‘Japanese numerals can be used in isolation when you don't know the ‘counter’ for an object: ‘There are two or three different ways to say the cardinal Chinese numbers, 4, 7, and 9. In the following table. the recommended spoken version is listed first 108 z 5 g Chinese chi — ryon/shi PA 0 fi roku nanajshichi ts hhachi yufku jet Numbers 109 Japanese hitotsu —- 2 futatsu = > mittsu = > yotteu > itsutsu i, > muttsu 2 ranatsut: > yattsu > hokonotsu JL > or Notice that numbers above 10 are generally made by a combination of the nue fon ne to 10. Tay 16 fr example, you take the word for 10 (ia) and combine it with 6 (Fok) to make 16 or jdroku. There are special words for 100 hyakt, 1000 sen, and 10,000 man. Since one million is 100x 10,000, it becomes hyakuman, Number . un jaichi 2B jant B isan 4 gayon 18 igo 16 jaro a juashichi B jahachi i9 jiaku 20 nj 30 sanja. 40 pons110 Numbers oy soja 6 rokuja 70 shichifa 0 hrachira % bua ie hyaku haya niingo 200 nihyahu 300 sanbyakee 400 sonbyaku oo gohyaku 600 ropphyakw 700 nanahyaku 500 happyaku 0 Ayahyakw 1000 sen 1367 sensanbyaku. rokujishichi 2000 risen 3000 sonzen x nanasen 10,000 rman or ichiman 30,000 Senman 100,000 jaman 1,060,000 hyakumen Ordinals are formed by adding ban to a number: first 7 ichiban —# secon nitan =. third sanban, e Numbers 11 Others wa _ twice nido i three times Sando Sit Counters ‘Most things you want to count in Japanese will req ‘counter after the number. In most eases the Chinese-derive numerals are used with the counters. Thus ‘three books’ becomes san-satsu. books satsu Ht buildings heen BA chopsticks zen fA ups hai ae fish iki Oe houses hen TA. ives, cho Bad letters pencils people shoes vehicles other items112 Numbers Money Japanese currency comes in yen and only yen; there is no ‘Japanese equivalent to the distinetion between dollars and ‘cents. Coins are 10- -yen coins, 100-yen coins, ete. satst: means ‘bill’ and dama is a coin 5 yen coin 10 yen coin 50 yen coin 100 yen coin 500 en coin 1000 yen bill 5000 yen bill 10,000 yen bill go-en dama ja-en dama goju-en dama hyaku-en dama gohyakwen dama senven sats gosen-en satsu ichimancen satsw ‘Some Useful Phrases How many? fone dozen alot too much, enough Measurements centimetre litre metre millimetre pound ounce ihutsudeswha? §— Wg 94M fcht-dasu a ed tekusan Ril sugimorn peas sitbun desu KP CS senchi ey rittora D9 hwy mnetore ondo Vocabulary A accident ~ jiko address - jasho aeroplane ~ hikoki afternoon ~ gogo age - nenrei agriculture ~ nogya airmail ~ kokabin all ~ zenbue antibiot yakuzai antique ~ hottohin appendix ~ macho apple ~ ringo architect ~ henchikue art - geijutsu ashtray — haizara Asia - ajia B baby - ny ai bad - warui Daggage ~ nimotsu Dank = ginka Darber = tokoya bath ~ furo bathroom = otearai beach ~ hama taikinsei of HERR ABESS114 Vocabulary beans - sayaingen beautiful = utsukushii bed = beddo beef ~ gytaniku Deer - bru better ~ motto yoi Dieyele -jitensha big - obi bill ~kanjo bird - kotori birthday ~ tanjobi blanket ~ mofis bleed ~ shukketsu suru boat = fune body ~karada book - on bookshop - honya botanical garden ~ shokubotswen bottle ~ bin bow! ~ baru boy - ofoko no ko bread - pan breakfast ~ chohoku bridge - hashi broken - dakhya shita building - tatemono bus ~ Basu business - shdgyo button = botan butter - bata buy (v) - Raw dott ce Ese roe A SSSR brfas o SE Ben, 5 a ik ea aR c cake ~ keki calculator ~ keisanki car - kuruma carpet = kapetto castle - shiro cave ~ itvaya . change (money) ~ kozeni vast cheese ~ chau chemist (drugstore) ~ yakkyoku chicken - niwatori child — ko chopsticks church come (v) - kuru constipated - benpishiteiru county (nation) ~ kunt crab ~ kant cup ~ koppu D dangerous ~ abunai dark - kurai decaffeinated - kafein nuki Vocabulary 115 ML TOS fe DK sx9F EE ai DD 2h TRE116 Vocabulary delicious ~ofshit deodorant - deodorant dessert - desato diarrhoea geri dictionary ~jisho difficult - muzukashit dining ear ~ shokudosha dinner - yashoku doctor ~ isha dormitory ~ kishukusha dozen - dasu duck ~ ahiru E early ~ hayat east ~ higashi easy ~ yasashii eat (v) = taberu egg ~ famago embassy -taishikan empty ~ kara engineer ~ gishi enough ~ jubun envelope ~ fata evening - ban exit ~ deguchi expensive ~ takat F eo - kao faint ~hi 0 ushinaw RC RES i QR VAG IN BY: cr on a RES LED Vocabulary 117 far - toi 3 ferry - fert 2P2)- fever - netsu_ am fim (phet)~firumu Ls film (movie) - eiga we ~ mitsukeru Hors fish - sakana & fight bin i “flu - infuruenza AYVIMLY HF fork ~ foku 7457 full -ippai ie furniture - kagu RN 2 He Sana ho Lot face negone am go - thu tT< ‘good ~ yor BR fodyesoybnara gram ~ guramu 7 gynaecologist - fujinkai a 4 hairdresser ~ rihatsushitsu hham ~ hamu handicrafts ~ shukagethin hhand-made ~ tezuuri no head - atema heat ~ atsusa heavy ~ omoi help (v) ~ ¢etsudaw118 Vocabulary here - koko hill - oka hitchhiking ~ hitchi haikw honey ~ hachimitsu hospital - byoin hot ~ atsui hotel ~ hoteru hour -jikan how - a ice cream = aisi kuriimu immediately ~ sugu indigestion ~ shokafuryo information desk - annai gakari injection ~ chusha interesting ~ omoshiroi international call ~ okusai tstawa interpreter - tsdyaku island ~ shima ivory ~ 20ge J jade ~ hisué Japanese ~ nikongo Japanese garden - rnihon teien jeans = jipan jewellery - hoseki journalist ~ janaristo K key ~ hagi knife ~ naif L lake ~ mizuuemi late - osoi lawyer ~ bengoshi leather ~ kawa let ~ hidari Tens ~ lenau letter - tegami library ~ toshokan light (weight) = karui look mira love - ai luggage - tenimotsu lunch - chuishofu. mM map ~ chizw marry ~ kekkon suru matches ~ matchi milk ~ miruku minute ~ fun money ~ okane month - tsuki ‘morning ~ asa ‘motor bike mota baiku music ~ ongake museum - hakubutsukan mutton ~ maton ‘Vocabulary 119 er =! NI = = Poe OT 2 wa = Sx ae Sep x e A497 AByHSMIS! des RARSAS ae zee | x08120 Vocabulary nN ame -namae near ~ chikai needle — hari new ~ atarashii noisy ~ urusai noodles ~ soba/ucion north ~ kita now ~ ima. number ~ bango ° old ~ furwi open (v) ~ akimasue ‘operation ~ shujutsu optician ~ meganeya or - aruiwake orange ~ orenji other ~ hoka P pagoda - ¢0 ain ~ tami paintings - kaiga parcel ~ kozutsumi park - ken passport ~ pasupoto peach ~ momo pepper ~ kosho persimmon - kaki plate - sara platform ~ purattohomu police - keisatst porcelain ~ jiki pork - butaniku. post office = yabinkyoku posteards hagaki poste restante ~ hyokudome yabin prescription - shohasen province - ken a ‘quick - hayai ‘quiet ~ shizuka na R railway ~ tetsuds razor ~ kamisori real ~ honto receipt ~ rydshiisho repair ~ naosw reat - yasumu restaurant ~ restoran or shokud& return ~ kaeru rice (cooked) ~ gohan right (side) - mégi river - awa road ~ michi room ~ heya Vocabulary 121 iE Bates HR q aku irre122 Vocabulary s salt - shio scenery — keshii seconds (time) ~ niban shampoo - shanpia shoe laces - hutsu himo shop = mise oping - shopping shower = shaea shut shimaru Signature ~ shomei silk kin sleep (v) - nemuru slowly = yubiuri all ~ chitsai smoke (¥) ~tabako o sa snack - sunakkus snow (v) ~ yuki ga furu soap ~ sekken soup -sapu south - minami soya sauce ~ shoyu speak (¥) ~ hanasu spoon ~ supin stale ~shinsen de nai stamps ~ hitte stomach -i ‘stop (v) - tomaru street ~ tori student ~ gakuse? sugar = sata Sw e oT Rigioean ww Rete 16, 7 DSS! SS4 dary a NSEN UTA & Deh ge 13 Fase SRC E: BEN of tts av & S: " sweet - amai swim (v) = ayogu T table ~ teburu teacher ~ sensei telegram ~ denpo telephone - denwa tell -oshierw temple - tera thanks ~ arigato gozaimaste theatre ~ gekijo there - soko thread - ito throat ~ nodo tickets ~ kippu toast - tasuto today ~ kya toilet ~ benjo tomorrow - ashita/asu tooth ~ ha toothbrush ~ haburashi ‘toothpick ~ tomayoji toy - omocha trade ~ baeki train - densha travel - ryoko suru. u uleer ~ kayo ‘umbrella - asa Vocabulary 123 tri tee ToT KR ca ‘ak HRS Fata canes BYBESCROET124 Vocabulary underground (subway) - J F 9 chikatetsu understand - waharw DHS university ~ daigaku xe upstairs ~ kaije cat v vaginal infection - chitsuen ee vegetables - yasai ‘vegetarian ~ RE ERE saishokushugi sha . pereel disnee-seibyo HE village - mura Hf vinegar ~ su i vomit ~ modosu bes w wage - kyaryo wait - mats waiter - ueita waitress ~ ueitoresu want (V) ~ hossuru watermelon - suka weather ~ tenki week = shi west ~ nish what - nani when ~ igs where - doko which - dore dochira who ~ dare why - dashite wine - uain ‘woman ~ jose ‘writing paper ~ binsen Y year ~ toshi yesterday ~ kino yoghurt ~ yogurutu ‘young ~ wakai z zen temple - zendera 200 - dabutsuen ‘zoom lens - 2amu renzu Vocabulary 125