3) To make the text easier to read, some words have been written in kana even though they appear in the Joyo Kanji is ce B5GRS-82) beeen A5:685) poe 204068) yeteany 4) Numbers are usually shown as Arabic numerals ©& 95% nine o'slock V. Miscellaneous 4878 istapit > one 1) Words that can be omitted ate enclosed in square brackets es Biz sates. My father is $4 [years ol 2) Synonymous words and expressions are enclosed in round brackets eg. Kh(ee who HOW TO USE THIS BOOK EFFECTIVELY 4. Learn the words ‘The Translation & Grammatical Notes introduees the new words for each lesson, Lear these new words by practising making short sentences with them. 2, Practise the Sentence Patterns Make sure you understand the meaning of cach sentence patter, and do Exercises A and B aloud until the pattem becomes automatic, 3. Practise holding conversations Practise the sentence patterns using the short dialogues given in Exercise C, but don stop there; carry on and extend the conversations. ‘The conversations simulate everyday situations that students ae ikely 0 ‘encounter, andthe best way of acquiring & natural conversational rhythm isto act out the conversations using gestures and foci expressions while listening tothe CD. 44, Check your understanding Each lesson ends with some practice ‘questions which you should use to check that you have correctly understood the lesson, 5. Apply what you have learnt ‘Ty talking to Japanese people using the Japanese you have leat. Applying what you have Teamt right away, before you forget iis the quickest way to progress. Learning Sequence ‘oreach son NER vais rp é \ 1 : aT ‘Sten Pes, Example Sentences Review and Cec Aaa ‘Selene Paes Example Setences| Review and Chek ell Convention aye Exercise 4 ~ oh Sty the material by following eter Route 1) for Route (2), To make sue you cove al he key Teaming points, please check te Table of Key earing Points atthe en ofthis book.CHARACTERS Mike Jose Santos Sato Keiko American, employee of IMC Japanese, employee of IMC Brazilian, employee of Brazil Ait Wang Xue Maria Santos Brazilian, housewite Indonesian, student at Fuji University Chinese, doctor at Kobe Hospital Yamada Ichiro Japanese, employee of IMC Yamada Tomoko Japanese, bank clerk ei ake Matsumoto Tadashi Matsumoto Yoshiko Kimura lzumi Japan Japanese housewife Japanese, announcer department chief at IMC ti professor at Sakura University Karl Schmidt Lee Jin Ju German, Korean, ‘engineer at Power Electic Company research worker at AKC r " 4 As Teresa Santos Yamada Taro Brazilian, schoolgirl (9 yrs), Japanese, schoolboy (8 Ys), daughter of Jose and Maria Santos son of Ieiro and Tomoko Yamada | Fe Gupta Thewephon Indian, employee of IMC Tha student at Japanese language school 3 IMC (computer software company) DRAKE (TTF HEY 9 — : Asia Research instituWe CONTENTS GENERAL FEATURES OF JAPANESE JAPANESE WRITING intRODUCTION 1, Japanese Pronunciation 3 IL, Classroom Language 7 1M. Everyday Greetings and Expressions 7 TERMS USED FOR INSTRUCTION 8 KEY TO SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 9 Lesson 1 0 1. Vocabulary WV. Grammar Notes 1. Translation LN NCH Sentence ates and Example Sentences 2, Ni(E NiL-@(Cld) 5 BAL Conversation: How do you do? Sia Mere 1 Useful Words and Information ane ‘Countries, People and 5.NIO Ne Languages geee Lesson 2 6 1. Vocabulary 1V. Grammar Notes 1. Translation Lon /eH/ ba Sentence Paes and Example Selene 2. = N/20 N/4O N Conversation: nese Thank you in advance for your, kindness S.NIO Ne 1. Useful Words and Information 6. subsitting fora noun Family Names ake BeattyLesson 3 1. Vocabulary 1. Translation Sentence Patterns and Example Seteoes Conversation: take it, please 1. Useful Words and Information Department Store Lesson 4 1. Vocabulary 1. Translation Sentence Pattems and Example Sentences Conversation What time are you open to? IL. Useful Words and Information Telephone and Letters Lesson 5 1, Vocabulary I, Translator Sentence Patterns and Example Sentences Conversation Does this train go to Koshien? IL, Useful Words and Information ‘National Holidays Grammar Notes LlL/42 7622/2 bb ZBL / BS 2.NIE place TT 3B C/ebD 4.NO N S.The 2/4/57 system of demonstratives 6B Grammar Notes Lb -B-Bet DVEt/VEEL/V Grammar Notes LN (place) ~ #8 24/KE 4 wu Et ae f EREATLA . 3.Novehicle) TET RET wat 4.N(person/animal) © V 503 ont Leste Bee Lesson 6 1. Voeabulary ‘Grammar Notes 1. Transation LINE V (wansitve) Sentence Paters and Example Sentences, .N& LET Convention: ahe Late Shall we go together? 4A and 4 TL Useful Words and Information 5.N (place) TV Food ov EL Tveled a~e Lesson7 46 1. Vocabulary W. Grammar Notes 1. Translation 1.N (oolmeans) @ V Sentence Pats and Example Sentences "Word/Sentence' (2 ~#8°T Conversation: Welcome ere 1 Useful Words and Information Nilpersoa) I Ne € IPE ee Family 4.Ni(person)I2 Ne® & V2, ete 5.83 VELA 6. Omission of particles Lesson 8 2 1. Vocabulary W. Grammar Notes 1. Translation 1. Adjectives Sentence Patterns and Example Sentences 2.NU2 trad) (4) TT Conversation NIE adj (09 CF ts time we were going 3.te-adj N IL, Useful Words and Information aj 0) N Colours and Tastes Ant Sete saa ONE Catt Nit Ch NTT B9TTeLesson 9 1 Vocabulary ‘Translation Sentence Patems and Example Sentences Conversation: H's a pity. Useful Words and Information ‘Music, Sports and Films Lesson 10 I 1. Vocabulary ranslation Sentence Paters and Example Sentences Conversation Do you have any nam pla? + Useful Words and Information Inside the House Lesson 11 1 Vocabulary ‘Translation Sentence Paters and Example Sentences Conversation Wd like to sendl this, please - Useful Words and Information ‘Menu 38 1. Grammar Notes LNO 3027 /bou st Nass C7 eet Feet 2ektN BECERRA 639 /8h Amb. = SXGLT “6 Grammar Notes LNA BYET ORT 2.Placel= NA AYET/ ET 3.NUt placels BNET AEF 4.Ni thing person/place) 2 No(pesition) S-Ni Nz OTITART CTD Grammar Notes 1. How to say numbers 2. How to use quan 3. Quantities (time period) 4. Quantifier #5147 N 2514 Lesson 12 1. Vocabulary 1. Translation Sentence Patlems and Example Sentences Conversation: How was the Gion Festival? IL, Useful Words and Information Festivals and Places of Note [APPENDICES 1. Numerals IL. Expressions of time ML, Expressions of period WV, Counter suffixes Grammar Notes 1. Tense and affirmative/negative forms of noun sentences and 2-adjective sentences 2. Tense and afirmativeinegative forms oft -adjetve sentences BNVlE Nek) adj CT ANE NE BGM adj CTH Ni ZNO 5H adj OF silo B1t Bec AA HEBEL adj TTD Ned BIEL adj TF 6.Adj ®(O substituting for a noun)GENERAL FEATURES OF JAPANESE 11. Parts of Speech The Japanese language is composed of verbs, adjectives, nouns, adverbs, conjunctions, particles and other pats of speech, 2, Word Order In Japanese, predicates always come at the end ofa sentence. Modifiers always appear infront of the word(s) modified. 3. Predicates Predicates are formed from verbs, adjectives, nouns and 4 (f). They inflect according to, for example, whether they ae (1) affirmative or negative, (2) pastor ‘non-past, They do not infest for person, gender or number 4, Particles Particles are used after @ word or atthe end of a sentence, They indicate relationships between words and add various meanings, 5. Omission Subjects and objects are often omitted if they can be understood from the context JAPANESE WRITING ‘There are three types of seri in Japanese: hiragana,katakana, and kanji (Chinese characters), Hiragana and katakana ate phonetic symbols purely representing sounds, while kanji are ideographs, conveying meanings as well as sounds Japanese i usually written with a combination of hiragana,katakana, and kanji, with katakana used to write foreign names and loanwords end hiragana used to write particles and the grammatical endings of verbs and adjectives Romaji (the eters of the Roman alphabet) are also occasionally used to write ‘Tapanese (the names of tran stations are one example) forthe convenience of foreigners. Here are examples of ll four types of srip: Sf a8. a ooa song to the department tre with Mr, Mile. ‘BE Osaka oO * (O-kenji O-hiragana A~katakana #—romaji) INTRODUCTION |. Japanese Pronunciation Kana and Mora Japanese canbe write phonetically in kana as shown below. ‘A ‘mora! is a unit of sound equivalent in length to one Japanese kana (or two of the contracted sounds alle yon, whch are writen wit sal ana). “The Japanese language is based on five vowel sounds: (a), \(@), 9 (2 (6) and 8 (0), hich are used lone or attached to citer a consonant (eg. K-+ =) o to consonant pls the semi-vowel'y’ (eg. k+y +a= ¥ ) (the ony exception being a special mor, 4, ‘whichis not followed by @ vowel) Al ofthese sounds are or more or less equal in length ‘when spoken. ew hiragana FOF katakana = romaji oe F5][o9 Fa[sa Fa yet "| iya! * |? ge! ee a FATE LCT AF SSF] [Fe LF o| ow |e ae EFT e Te Teele | [tee a | oy | Tm | “ae” | “ee is a7 TE FS TCP le a es Gow eR CTE TRS a E| [Oe ee we PE | hn” | “te | te! ‘oe Howe [ee EPR [ee] le Er pe rz re B ‘The kataana letersi the square on SFr Sia Gawe the right are nat inthe above tbl Zi te | They are wed 1 wit sounds Which 5 ay Ete rent orginal panes ound but ae Fig bow teen Lara 518 Zee 748 needed for use anwords. Bie