w

lffirl
ffi
-e#-
Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete -c7 -
w
tm
ffi
+
if a. < 0,5rl11e valre c,,: 0,5d should be ued
tr--;--l
I B=:-l
I'
zdl
Irv.JF:7n
t-.---''-''-r
lr.atpa:r
pa
-4-rq
+ (}Jl
d-ad,,*J
=!-Ed
*
Ll'u
*
4' {
a, + d }
,-!
w
trKaat
ufig3arr
fhe additisaal tensile force, A{,o, ia fhe longitudiml
rehforcement due to shear force I/p; is:
'lt
lh,,
Yro
I I
lFi
- section considered
l
The anchorage length fu is measured frsm the linE ol contact betwefi
bearn and support. Transverse pressure may bp takpn into aceour* tor direct support,
r.q
j
a) Direcr support Beam supporiad by bl hafirect support: Beam inteEecling another
mll or slumn suppoiting beam
fo =
gr
dzfi3 s4 di(u,.qorb 6.mia
&.m b the minimum anchorage leng& if no other limilalisn is epplied;
- for anchoreges i$ tension: l6p;q > max{0,36.qd; 10fr 100 mm}
- lor anchoragies in compression:
[6h
> rnax{0,616,qgi 104 100 mm}
= {95i
4} (o"a/ f66}
The design value of ihe ultimate bond stress, ,id, for ribbed bars
fi,.= 2.25
4t 4t
fa
ferd is the design value of concrete lensile slrength
fa16
=
aqt fd13.05 J;6
41
is a coefficient relaied to the quality
of the bond condition and the position of the bar
during concreting:
41 =
1,0 when 'good' eonditions are obtained and
41 =
0,7 {or all olher cases and for bars in shuctural elements built with slipfonns,
un{ess it can be shovrn thal 'gocd' bond conditions exist
rJ2 is rlated to the bar diameter:
?=1,0forgt:32mm
42= {'132
- gil100 for
d
> 32 mm
al ,l5o<ds90{ c} lr>250mm
E
Dirstion ot cg*creting
Em
IT
ffi
?
-Ao
''
'd,
+\r\\\\\\\\)r.
lat
I
t,
t-
hl
"=
2-
l-
b)
'l<250mm
latched zore
- 'Bod' bmd condmoffi
tf
gn-'Ed
*i
1.1y*
L
ar
=
s.5o ' z'
{
ctg F- ctg a')
fortransversalreinforcement: ctgt{= Q md }/r,
=fi
Valres ot
gL
dr, dj,
(l1
and
g5
coefnciants
g! e
0,7 if cd >34t
otheMi* {1
=
1,0
Olher than stmight
(se Fbure 8.1 {b),
(c) and (d))
Coafinment by
*ansvese
ptssure
ltfi-Gal
ffi
)
= {IAc-
I4*,nin} As
lAst cross-sectiqnal ara of the transverse rein$orcement along the design anchorage
length
{,a
.'A$tmin cross-sctional ala of the minimum transverse reinforcernent
=
0,25 As for beams and 0 for slabs
As area of a single anchored bar with maximum bar diameter
p transverse pressure
[MPa]
at ultirnate limit state along lbd
A. d,. A. A. 4,
Ao
lV/"
--r-i--
K - 0,1 l{
=
0,05
a)straightbars blBentorhoo*edbars clLoopedbari
cd
=
min {a12, t,, c} cd= mifi {aQ, ci cd= c
Anchorage of links and shear rcinforeer$ent
The anchorage of links and shear reinforcement should normally be effected by means of
bends and hooks, or by welded transverse reinforcement- A bar should be provided inside a
ho6k or bend,
50,but
) 50 mrn
N
{'
@
1Od, but
>g'
l:Iff.*
f
>rommarfissomm
$ > o.7d Fr
{o
It
)10 mm
lnr
lFf
> 1,4r
I
{'
rl)
@
c)
HEte: For c) and d) the corer ihauH nol be
less than either 3d or 50 nKn-
w
KEI*
rrlu$sil
Anchorage of bottom reinforcement at intermedlate supports
The anchorage lengilh shauld not be less lhan 109
ffor
straight bars) or not less than the
diarneter of the mandrel
{for
hooks and bends with bar diameten at least equal to 16 mm) or
twice the diameter of lhe rnandrel
{in
olher casesi
{see
Figure
{a}).
The reinforcement required to resist possible positive moments
{e.9.
seftlement o{ the
suppo*, explosion, etc.) should be continuoss which may be achieved by means
of lapped bars
{see {b}
or
{ci}.
/* ,fu
a) b,
,'
-l
ut
[re
ffiErfir
Shear reinforcement
The shear reinforcement should form an angle a of between 45" tnd 90" to the longitudinal
axis o{ the structural eiement,
The shear reinforcemeilt may consist of a clmbination of:
- links enclosing the longitudinaltension reinforcement and the compression zone
- benlq:p bars;
- cages, ladders, etc. rphich are casl in wi&out enclosing the longih.dinal reinforcement but
are prcperly anchored in the compression and tension zones.
At least 5oqi of the necessary shear reinforcement should be in the form of iinks.
iln
#$mil
marginal
opened link
il[
interior
lirks
inteJist
link
closed link
!16**
ffi
The ratio of shear reinforcernent
/r*=A*/(s.b*.sina)
whete:
pw is the shear reinforcement ratio
p* should not be less than p*.*
4"" is the area of shear reinforcement within length s
s is ths spacing of the shear reinforcement measured along the longitudinal axis ol
the member
b* is the bresdlh of the web of the member
a is the angle between shear reinforcement and the longitudinal axis
p_"*
={0,08r,f,)/f,r
il the potartial plalic zones of the beuns" iu seisnic zoues with ds i 0.I2.g -
The maximum longitudinal spacing between sh6ar assemblies should nol exceed st,md.
srm"
=0,75d{1
+ coto
)
< 300mm
d is th inclinalion of th shear r|inforcement lo the lonEitudinBl 6xis of fte fleam,
rr!
ry
ttffiara
ffiIr'
S'Sa*o {'la,*
-
'f.
li
{ 300rnm
"
S,sr,,*
.l
't!
t
<
600 mm
\di.&
;3-*
The maximum longihrdinal spacing of bent-up bars should not excead sb.ffi:
e =0-6d{1
+ccttd)
4R
Tha transvrss spacing of lhe legs in a series of shear links sho'uld ntt exceed q;:
' st s'= 0,75d 5 S00mm
I-l
I
'lr,W,t''.
lfirl-(*
ffil
.a.t'.
t.,
*tg0
o2
r
Y*.*=1-200"325-0J4'16,57.*+
=
?34,0-ld N
=234,0
kl{ >
ps,**
2+j
4
z
g.,r
=
*= 1ffi
* 0,0o1415 >P".ffi
=0,0009P
tie $ensile fsrcs in the lonsitudi$al reipforcensnts;
I Y-. --a.
iFu='u't
-t
*Na,
=92,07'ld
Nl
L_a_l
(a,
=gJr{dgd-
aga!-g5s.qg.*$)az
,
crga=0
, Nsd=0}..
ihe tensilp shess ill lhe lollgifudinql reisforerEe[ts:
F" 92.07.td
6-,
=
-J-3-
=
lill---ll-
=
126,8 N/run'?
-'
a*.s 726
i4..a =
0,25 l8'#
=
2t t *rn'
_-* ,'.j