Steel+Construction+Manual+Design+Examples,+V14 0+part+4+of+4

DESIGN EXAMPLES
Version 14.0
AMERICAN INSTITUTE
OF
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
ii
Copyright 2011
by
American Institute of Steel Construction
All rights reserved. This publication or any part thereof
must not be reproduced in any form without the
written permission of the publisher.
The AISC logo is a registered trademark of AISC.
The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles
and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied
upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy,
suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer, or architect. The publication of the material
contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American Institute of Steel
Construction or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or
of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability
arising from such use.
Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes developed by other bodies and
incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the
printing of this edition. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it
by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition.
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing, October 2011
Design Examples V14.0

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
iii
PREFACE
The primary objective of these design examples is to provide illustrations of the use of the 2010 AISC Specification
for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-10) and the 14th Edition of the AISC Steel Construction Manual.
The design examples provide coverage of all applicable limit states whether or not a particular limit state controls the
design of the member or connection.
In addition to the examples which demonstrate the use of the Manual tables, design examples are provided for
connection designs beyond the scope of the tables in the Manual. These design examples are intended to demonstrate
an approach to the design, and are not intended to suggest that the approach presented is the only approach. The
committee responsible for the development of these design examples recognizes that designers have alternate
approaches that work best for them and their projects. Design approaches that differ from those presented in these
examples are considered viable as long as the Specification, sound engineering, and project specific requirements are
satisfied.
Part I of these examples is organized to correspond with the organization of the Specification. The Chapter titles
match the corresponding chapters in the Specification.
Part II is devoted primarily to connection examples that draw on the tables from the Manual, recommended design
procedures, and the breadth of the Specification. The chapters of Part II are labeled II-A, II-B, II-C, etc.
Part III addresses aspects of design that are linked to the performance of a building as a whole. This includes
coverage of lateral stability and second order analysis, illustrated through a four-story braced-frame and momentframe building.
The Design Examples are arranged with LRFD and ASD designs presented side by side, for consistency with the
AISC Manual. Design with ASD and LRFD are based on the same nominal strength for each element so that the
only differences between the approaches are which set of load combinations from ASCE/SEI 7-10 are used for
design and whether the resistance factor for LRFD or the safety factor for ASD is used.
CONVENTIONS
The following conventions are used throughout these examples:
1.
The 2010 AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings is referred to as the AISC Specification and the
14th Edition AISC Steel Construction Manual, is referred to as the AISC Manual.
2.
The source of equations or tabulated values taken from the AISC Specification or AISC Manual is noted
along the right-hand edge of the page.
3.
When the design process differs between LRFD and ASD, the designs equations are presented side-by-side.
This rarely occurs, except when the resistance factor, , and the safety factor, , are applied.
4.
The results of design equations are presented to three significant figures throughout these calculations.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The AISC Committee on Manuals reviewed and approved V14.0 of the AISC Design Examples:
William A. Thornton, Chairman
Mark V. Holland, Vice Chairman
Abbas Aminmansour
Charles J. Carter
Harry A. Cole
Douglas B. Davis
Robert O. Disque
Bo Dowswell
Edward M. Egan
Marshall T. Ferrell
iv
Lanny J. Flynn
Patrick J. Fortney
Louis F. Geschwindner
W. Scott Goodrich
Christopher M. Hewitt
W. Steven Hofmeister
Bill R. Lindley, II
Ronald L. Meng
Larry S. Muir
Thomas M. Murray
Charles R. Page
Davis G. Parsons, II
Rafael Sabelli
Clifford W. Schwinger
William N. Scott
William T. Segui
Victor Shneur
Marc L. Sorenson
Gary C. Violette
Michael A. West
Ronald G. Yeager
Cynthia J. Duncan, Secretary
The AISC Committee on Manuals gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals who
assisted in the development of this document: Leigh Arber, Eric Bolin, Janet Cummins, Thomas Dehlin, William
Jacobs, Richard C. Kaehler, Margaret Matthew, Heath Mitchell, Thomas J. Schlafly, and Sriramulu Vinnakota.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I.
EXAMPLES BASED ON THE AISC SPECIFICATION
CHAPTER A
Chapter A
References
GENERAL PROVISIONS.........................................................................................................A-1
CHAPTER B
Chapter B
References
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................... B-1
CHAPTER C
Example C.1A
Example C.1B
Example C.1C
DESIGN FOR STABILITY .......................................................................................................C-1

Design of a Moment Frame by the Direct Analysis Method ........................................................ C-2
Design of a Moment Frame by the Effective Length Method ...................................................... C-6
Design of a Moment Frame by the First-Order Method ............................................................. C-11
CHAPTER D
DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR TENSION...............................................................................D-1
Example D.1
Example D.2
Example D.3
Example D.4
Example D.5
Example D.6
Example D.7
Example D.8
Example D.9
W-Shape Tension Member ..........................................................................................................D-2

Single Angle Tension Member ....................................................................................................D-5
WT-Shape Tension Member ........................................................................................................D-8
Rectangular HSS Tension Member ............................................................................................D-11
Round HSS Tension Member ....................................................................................................D-14
Double Angle Tension Member .................................................................................................D-17
Pin-Connected Tension Member ...............................................................................................D-20
Eyebar Tension Member ............................................................................................................D-23
Plate with Staggered Bolts .........................................................................................................D-25
CHAPTER E
DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION ................................................................... E-1
Example E.1A
Example E.1B
Example E.1C
Example E.1D
Example E.2
Example E.3
Example E.4A
Example E.4B
Example E.5
Example E.6
Example E.7
Example E.8
Example E.9
Example E.10
Example E.11
Example E.12
Example E.13
W-Shape Column Design with Pinned Ends ............................................................................... E-4

W-Shape Column Design with Intermediate Bracing.................................................................. E-6
W-Shape Available Strength Calculation .................................................................................... E-8
W-Shape Available Strength Calculation .................................................................................... E-9
Built-up Column with a Slender Web........................................................................................ E-11
Built-up Column with Slender Flanges ...................................................................................... E-16
W-Shape Compression Member (Moment Frame) .................................................................... E-21
W-Shape Compression Member (Moment Frame) .................................................................... E-25
Double Angle Compression Member without Slender Elements ............................................... E-26
Double Angle Compression Member with Slender Elements .................................................... E-31
WT Compression Member without Slender Elements ............................................................... E-37
WT Compression Member with Slender Elements .................................................................... E-42
Rectangular HSS Compression Member without Slender Elements ......................................... E-47
Rectangular HSS Compression Member with Slender Elements ............................................... E-50
Pipe Compression Member ........................................................................................................ E-54
Built-up I-Shaped Member with Different Flange Sizes ............................................................ E-57
Double WT Compression Member ............................................................................................. E-63
CHAPTER F
DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR FLEXURE.............................................................................. F-1
Example F.1-1A
Example F.1-1B
Example F.1-2A
Example F.1-2B
W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-Axis Bending, Continuously Braced ................... F-6
W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-Axis Bending, Continuously Braced ................... F-8
W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-Axis Bending, Braced at Third Points ................. F-9
W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-Axis Bending, Braced at Third Points............... F-10
......................................................................................................................................................A-2
...................................................................................................................................................... B-2

vi
Example F.1-3A
Example F.1-3B
Example F.2-1A
Example F.2-1B
Example F.2-2A
Example F.2-2B
Example F.3A
Example F.3B
Example F.4
Example F.5
Example F.6
Example F.7A
Example F.7B
Example F.8A
Example F.8B
Example F.9A
Example F.9B
Example F.10
Example F.11A
Example F.11B
Example F.11C
Example F.12
Example F.13
Example F.14
Chapter F
Design Example
References
W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-Axis Bending, Braced at Midspan..................... F-12

W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-Axis Bending, Braced at Midspan..................... F-14
Compact Channel Flexural Member, Continuously Braced ...................................................... F-16
Compact Channel Flexural Member, Continuously Braced ...................................................... F-18
Compact Channel Flexural Member with Bracing at Ends and Fifth Points ............................. F-19
Compact Channel Flexural Member with Bracing at End and Fifth Points ............................... F-20
W-Shape Flexural Member with Noncompact Flanges in Strong-Axis Bending ...................... F-22
W-Shape Flexural Member with Noncompact Flanges in Strong-Axis Bending ...................... F-24
W-Shape Flexural Member, Selection by Moment of Inertia for Strong-Axis Bending ............ F-26
I-Shaped Flexural Member in Minor-Axis Bending .................................................................. F-28
HSS Flexural Member with Compact Flanges ........................................................................... F-30
HSS Flexural Member with Noncompact Flanges ..................................................................... F-32
HSS Flexural Member with Noncompact Flanges ..................................................................... F-34
HSS Flexural Member with Slender Flanges ............................................................................. F-36
HSS Flexural Member with Slender Flanges ............................................................................. F-38
Pipe Flexural Member ................................................................................................................ F-41
Pipe Flexural Member ................................................................................................................ F-42
WT-Shape Flexural Member ..................................................................................................... F-44
Single Angle Flexural Member .................................................................................................. F-47
Rectangular Bar in Strong-Axis Bending .................................................................................. F-59
Round Bar in Bending ............................................................................................................... F-61
Point-Symmetrical Z-shape in Strong-Axis Bending................................................................. F-63
CHAPTER G
DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR SHEAR ...................................................................................G-1
Example G.1A
Example G.1B
Example G.2A
Example G.2B
Example G.3
Example G.4
Example G.5
Example G.6
Example G.7
Example G.8A
Example G.8B
Chapter G
Design Example
References
W-Shape in Strong-Axis Shear ....................................................................................................G-3

W-Shape in Strong-Axis Shear ....................................................................................................G-4
C-Shape in Strong-Axis Shear .....................................................................................................G-5
C-Shape in Strong-Axis Shear .....................................................................................................G-6
Angle in Shear .............................................................................................................................G-7
Rectangular HSS in Shear ............................................................................................................G-9
Round HSS in Shear ..................................................................................................................G-11
Doubly Symmetric Shape in Weak-Axis Shear .........................................................................G-13
Singly Symmetric Shape in Weak-Axis Shear ...........................................................................G-15
Built-up Girder with Transverse Stiffeners ................................................................................G-17
Built-up Girder with Transverse Stiffeners ................................................................................G-21
CHAPTER H
DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMBINED FORCES AND TORSION ............................H-1
Example H.1A
W-shape Subject to Combined Compression and Bending

About Both Axes (Braced Frame) ...............................................................................................H-2
W-shape Subject to Combined Compression and Bending Moment
About Both Axes (Braced Frame) ................................................................................................H-4
W-Shape Subject to Combined Compression and Bending Moment
About Both Axes (By AISC Specification Section H2) ..............................................................H-5
W-Shape Subject to Combined Axial Tension and Flexure......................................................... H-8
W-Shape Subject to Combined Axial Compression and Flexure ..............................................H-12
Rectangular HSS Torsional Strength .........................................................................................H-16
Example H.1B
Example H.2
Example H.3
Example H.4
Example H.5A
.................................................................................................................................................... F-69
....................................................................................................................................................G-24

vii
Example H.5B
Example H.5C
Example H.6
Chapter H
Design Example
References
Round HSS Torsional Strength ..................................................................................................H-17

HSS Combined Torsional and Flexural Strength .......................................................................H-19
W-Shape Torsional Strength ......................................................................................................H-23
CHAPTER I
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MEMBERS................................................................................... I-1
Example I.1
Example I.2
Example I.3
Example I.4
Example I.5
Example I.6
Example I.7
Example I.8
Example I.9
Example I.10
Example I.11
Example I.12
Chapter I
Design Example
References
Composite Beam Design ............................................................................................................... I-8

Composite Girder Design ........................................................................................................... I-18
Concrete Filled Tube (CFT) Force Allocation and Load Transfer .............................................. I-35
Concrete Filled Tube (CFT) in Axial Compression .................................................................... I-45
Concrete Filled Tube (CFT) in Axial Tension ............................................................................ I-50
Concrete Filled Tube (CFT) in Combined Axial Compression, Flexure and Shear ................... I-52
Concrete Filled Box Column with Noncompact/Slender Elements ............................................ I-66
Encased Composite Member Force Allocation and Load Transfer ............................................ I-80
Encased Composite Member in Axial Compression ................................................................... I-93
Encased Composite Member in Axial Tension ......................................................................... I-100
Encased Composite Member in Combined Axial Compression, Flexure and Shear ................ I-103
Steel Anchors in Composite Components ................................................................................. I-119
CHAPTER J
DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS ...................................................................................................J-1
Example J.1
Example J.2
Example J.3
Example J.4A
Example J.4B
Example J.5
Example J.6
Example J.7
Fillet Weld in Longitudinal Shear ................................................................................................. J-2

Fillet Weld Loaded at an Angle .................................................................................................... J-4
Combined Tension and Shear in Bearing Type Connections........................................................ J-6
Slip-Critical Connection with Short-Slotted Holes ....................................................................... J-8
Slip-Critical Connection with Long-Slotted Holes
................................................. J-10
Combined Tension and Shear in a Slip-Critical Connection
................................................. J-12
Bearing Strength of a Pin in a Drilled Hole ................................................................................ J-15
Base Plate Bearing on Concrete................................................................................................... J-16
CHAPTER K
DESIGN OF HSS AND BOX MEMBER CONNECTIONS ...................................................K-1
Example K.1
Example K.2
Example K.3
Example K.4
Example K.5
Example K.6
Example K.7
Example K.8
Example K.9
Example K.10
Example K.11
Example K.12
Example K.13
Chapter K
Design Example
References
Welded/Bolted Wide Tee Connection to an HSS Column ...........................................................K-2

Welded/Bolted Narrow Tee Connection to an HSS Column .....................................................K-10
Double Angle Connection to an HSS Column ...........................................................................K-13
Unstiffened Seated Connection to an HSS Column ...................................................................K-16
Stiffened Seated Connection to an HSS Column .......................................................................K-19
Single-Plate Connection to Rectangular HSS Column ..............................................................K-24
Through-Plate Connection .........................................................................................................K-27
Transverse Plate Loaded Perpendicular to the HSS Axis on a Rectangular HSS .......................K-31
Longitudinal Plate Loaded Perpendicular to the HSS Axis on a Round HSS ............................K-34
HSS Brace Connection to a W-Shape Column ...........................................................................K-36
Rectangular HSS Column with a Cap Plate, Supporting a Continuous Beam ...........................K-39
Rectangular HSS Column Base Plate ........................................................................................K-42
Rectangular HSS Strut End Plate ...............................................................................................K-45
....................................................................................................................................................H-30
................................................................................................................................................... I-123
....................................................................................................................................................K-49

viii
PART II.
EXAMPLES BASED ON THE AISC STEEL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
CHAPTER IIA SIMPLE SHEAR CONNECTIONS.......................................................................................IIA-1

Example II.A-1
Example II.A-2
Example II.A-3
Example II.A-4
Example II.A-5
Example II.A-6
Example II.A-7
Example II.A-8
Example II.A-9
Example II.A-10
Example II.A-11
Example II.A-12
Example II.A-13
Example II.A-14
Example II.A-15
Example II.A-16
Example II.A-17
Example II.A-18
Example II.A-19
Example II.A-20
Example II.A-21
Example II.A-22
Example II.A-23
Example II.A-24
Example II.A-25
Example II.A-26
Example II.A-27
Example II.A-28
Example II.A-29
Example II.A-30
Example II.A-31
All-Bolted Double-Angle Connection ...................................................................................... IIA-2

Bolted/Welded Double-Angle Connection ............................................................................... IIA-4
All-Welded Double-Angle Connection .................................................................................... IIA-6
All-Bolted Double-Angle Connection in a Coped Beam .......................................................... IIA-9
Welded/ Bolted Double-Angle Connection (Beam-to-Girder Web). ...................................... IIA-13
Beam End Coped at the Top Flange Only .............................................................................. IIA-16
Beam End Coped at the Top and Bottom Flanges.................................................................. IIA-23
All-Bolted Double-Angle Connections (Beams-to-Girder Web) ........................................... IIA-26
Offset All-Bolted Double-Angle Connections (Beams-to-Girder Web) ................................ IIA-34
Skewed Double Bent-Plate Connection (Beam-to-Girder Web)............................................. IIA-37
Shear End-Plate Connection (Beam to Girder Web). ............................................................. IIA-43
All-Bolted Unstiffened Seated Connection (Beam-to-Column Web) ..................................... IIA-45
Bolted/Welded Unstiffened Seated Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange) .......................... IIA-48
Stiffened Seated Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange) ........................................................ IIA-51
Stiffened Seated Connection (Beam-to-Column Web) ........................................................... IIA-54
Offset Unstiffened Seated Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange)......................................... IIA-57
Single-Plate Connection (Conventional Beam-to-Column Flange) ..................................... IIA-60
Single-Plate Connection (Beam-to-Girder Web) .................................................................... IIA-62
Extended Single-Plate Connection (Beam-to-Column Web) .................................................. IIA-64
All-Bolted Single-Plate Shear Splice ...................................................................................... IIA-70
Bolted/Welded Single-Plate Shear Splice ............................................................................... IIA-75
Bolted Bracket Plate Design ................................................................................................... IIA-80
Welded Bracket Plate Design. ................................................................................................ IIA-86
Eccentrically Loaded Bolt Group (IC Method) ....................................................................... IIA-91
Eccentrically Loaded Bolt Group (Elastic Method)................................................................ IIA-93
Eccentrically Loaded Weld Group (IC Method)..................................................................... IIA-95
Eccentrically Loaded Weld Group (Elastic Method) .............................................................. IIA-98
All-Bolted Single-Angle Connection (Beam-to-Girder Web) .............................................. IIA-100
Bolted/Welded Single-Angle Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange).................................. IIA-105
All-Bolted Tee Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange) ........................................................ IIA-108
Bolted/Welded Tee Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange) ................................................. IIA-115
CHAPTER IIB FULLY RESTRAINED (FR) MOMENT CONNECTIONS............................................... IIB-1

Example II.B-1
Example II.B-2
Example II.B-3
Example II.B-4
Bolted Flange-Plate FR Moment Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange) ............................... IIB-2

Welded Flange-Plated FR Moment Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange) ......................... IIB-14
Directly Welded Flange FR Moment Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange). ..................... IIB-20
Four-Bolt Unstiffened Extended End-Plate
FR Moment Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange) ............................................................. IIB-22
Chapter IIB
Design Example
References
................................................................................................................................................. IIB-33
CHAPTER IIC BRACING AND TRUSS CONNECTIONS.......................................................................... IIC-1
Example II.C-1
Example II.C-2
Example II.C-3
Example II.C-4
Example II.C-5
Example II.C-6
Truss Support Connection........................................................................................................ IIC-2

Bracing Connection ............................................................................................................... IIC-13
Bracing Connection ............................................................................................................... IIC-41
Truss Support Connection...................................................................................................... IIC-50
HSS Chevron Brace Connection ............................................................................................ IIC-57
Heavy Wide Flange Compression Connection (Flanges on the Outside) .............................. IIC-69
CHAPTER IID MISCELLANEOUS CONNECTIONS .................................................................................. ,ID-1

ix
Example II.D-1
Example II.D-2
Example II.D-3
Prying Action in Tees and in Single Angles ............................................................................ IID-2

Beam Bearing Plate ................................................................................................................. IID-9
Slip-Critical Connection with Oversized Holes...................................................................... IID-15
PART III. SYSTEM DESIGN EXAMPLES ................................................................. III-1

Example III-1
Design of Selected Members and Lateral Analysis of a Four-Story Building .............................III-2

Introduction..................................................................................................................................III-2
Conventions .................................................................................................................................III-2
Design Sequence..........................................................................................................................III-3
General Description of the Building ............................................................................................III-4
Roof Member Design and Selection ...........................................................................................III-5
Floor Member Design and Selection ........................................................................................III-17
Column Design and Selection for Gravity Loads ..................................................................... III-38
Wind Load Determination ........................................................................................................III-46
Seismic Load Determination .....................................................................................................III-49
Moment Frame Model ...............................................................................................................III-61
Calculation of Required StrengthThree Methods ..................................................................III-67
Beam Analysis in the Moment Frame........................................................................................III-77
Braced Frame Analysis ..............................................................................................................III-80
Analysis of Drag Struts..............................................................................................................III-84
Part III Example

References
...................................................................................................................................................III-87
PART IV. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ..................................................................... IV-1

Table 4-1
Table 4-1
Table 6-1
Table 6-1
Discussion................................................................................................................................... IV-2
W-Shapes in Axial Compressions, Fy = 65 ksi ........................................................................... IV-5
Discussion................................................................................................................................. IV-17
Combined Flexure and Axial Force, W-Shapes, Fy = 65 ksi .................................................... IV-19

Return to Table of Contents
IID-1
Chapter IID
Miscellaneous Connections
This section contains design examples on connections in the AISC Steel Construction Manual that are not covered
in other sections of the AISC Design Examples.

IID-2
EXAMPLE II.D-1 PRYING ACTION IN TEES AND IN SINGLE ANGLES

Given:
Design an ASTM A992 WT hanger connection between an ASTM A36 2L33c tension member and an ASTM
A992 W2494 beam to support the following loads:
PD = 13.5 kips
PL = 40 kips
Use w-in.-diameter ASTM A325-N or F1852-N bolts and 70-ksi electrodes.
Solution:
From AISC Manual Table 2-4, the material properties are as follows:
Hanger
WT
ASTM A992
Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi
Beam
W2494
ASTM A992
Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi
Angles
2L33c
ASTM A36
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi

IID-3
From AISC Manual Tables 1-1, 1-7 and 1-15, the geometric properties are as follows:
Beam
W2494
d = 24.3 in.
tw = 0.515 in.
bf = 9.07 in.
tf = 0.875 in.
Angles
2L33c
A = 3.56 in.2
x = 0.860 in. for single angle
From Chapter 2 of ASCE/SEI 7, the required strength is:
ASD
LRFD
Pu = 1.2(13.5 kips) + 1.6(40 kips)
= 80.2 kips
Pa = 13.5 kips + 40 kips

= 53.5 kips
Tensile Yielding of Angles

Pn = Fy Ag
= 36 ksi 3.56 in.
(Spec. Eq. D2-1)
= 128 kips
= 0.90
LRFD
Pn = 0.90(128 kips)
= 115 kips > 80.2 kips
o.k.
ASD
= 1.67
Pn 128 kips
=
1.67
= 76.6 kips > 53.5 kips
o.k.
From AISC Specification Table J2.4, the minimum size of fillet weld based on a material thickness of c in. is
x in.
From AISC Specification Section J2.2b, the maximum size of fillet weld is:
wmax = thickness z in.
= c in. z in.
= 4 in.
Try 4-in. fillet welds.

IID-4
From AISC Manual Part 8, Equations 8-2:

ASD
LRFD
Pu
1.392 D
80.2 kips
=
1.392(4 sixteenths)
= 14.4 in.
Pa
0.928D
53.5 kips
=
0.928(4 sixteenths)
= 14.4 in.
lmin =
lmin =
Use four 4-in. welds (16 in. total), one at the toe and heel of each angle.
Tensile Rupture Strength of Angles
x
from AISC Specification Table D3.1 case 2
L
0.860 in.
= 1
4.00 in.
= 0.785
U = 1
Ae = AnU
(Spec. Eq. D3-1)
= 3.56 in. ( 0.785 )

2
= 2.79 in.2
Pn = Fu Ae
= 58 ksi 2.79 in.2
(Spec. Eq. D2-2)
= 162 kips
LRFD
t = 0.75
t Pn = 0.75 (162 kips )
= 122 kips > 80.2 kips
o.k.
ASD
t = 2.00
Pn 162 kips
=
t
2.00
= 81.0 kips > 53.5 kips
o.k.
Preliminary WT Selection Using Beam Gage

g = 4 in.
Try four w-in.-diameter ASTM A325-N bolts.
From AISC Manual Table 7-2:
ASD
LRFD
P
T = rut = u
n
80.2 kips
=
4
= 20.1 kips/bolt
B = rn = 29.8 kips > 20.1 kips
P
T = rat = a
n
53.5 kips
=
4
= 13.4 kips/bolt
o.k.
B = rn / = 19.9 kips > 13.4 kips

o.k.
IID-5
Determine tributary length per pair of bolts, p, using AISC Manual Figure 9-4 and assuming a 2-in. web
thickness.
4.00 in. 2 in. 8.00 in. 42 in.
+
2
2
= 3.50 in. 42 in.
p=
LRFD
2 bolts(20.1 kips/bolt)
= 11.5 kips/in.
3.50 in.
ASD
2 bolts(13.4 kips/bolt)
= 7.66 kips/in.
3.50 in.
From AISC Manual Table 15-2b, with an assumed b = (4.00 in. 2 in.)/2 = 1.75 in., the flange thickness, t = tf,
of the WT hanger should be approximately s in.
The minimum depth WT that can be used is equal to the sum of the weld length plus the weld size plus the kdimension for the selected section. From AISC Manual Table 1-8 with an assumed b = 1.75 in., t f s in., and
d min = 4 in. + 4 in. + k 6 in., appropriate selections include:
WT625
WT726.5
WT825
WT927.5
Try a WT625.
From AISC Manual Table 1-8, the geometric properties are as follows:
bf = 8.08 in.
tf = 0.640 in.
tw = 0.370 in.
Prying Action Using AISC Manual Part 9
The beam flange is thicker than the WT flange; therefore, prying in the tee flange will control over prying in the
beam flange.
g tw
2
4.00 in. 0.370 in.
=
2
= 1.82 in. > 14-in. entering and tightening clearance, and the fillet toe is cleared
b=
bf g
2
8.08 in. 4.00 in.
=
2
= 2.04 in.
a=
b = b
db
2
(Manual Eq. 9-21)

IID-6
w in.
= 1.82 in.
2
= 1.45 in.
db
a = a +
2
db

1.25b +
2

w in.
w in.
= 2.04 in. +
1.25(1.82 in.)+
2
2
= 2.42 in. 2.65 in.
(Manual Eq. 9-27)
b
a
1.45 in.
=
2.42 in.
= 0.599
(Manual Eq. 9-26)
ASD
LRFD
1B
= 1
T
(Manual Eq. 9-25)
1 29.8 kips/bolt
1
0.599 20.1 kips/bolt

= 0.806
(Manual Eq. 9-25)
1 19.9 kips/bolt
1
0.599 13.4 kips/bolt

= 0.810
= 1
1B
= 1
T
d
p
(Manual Eq. 9-24)
w in. + z in.
3.50 in.
= 0.768
=1
Since < 1.0,

LRFD
ASD
1
=
1.0
1
1 0.810
=
0.768 1 0.810
= 5.55, therefore, = 1.0
= 1.67
1
=
1.0
1
1 0.806
=
0.768 1 0.806
= 5.41, therefore, = 1.0
= 0.90
tmin =
=
4Tb
pFu (1 + )
(Manual Eq. 9-23a)
4 ( 20.1 kips/bolt )(1.45 in.)
0.90 ( 3.50 in.)( 65 ksi ) 1 + ( 0.768 )(1.0 )
= 0.567 in. < t f = 0.640 in.
tmin =
o.k.
4Tb
pFu (1 + )
(Manual Eq. 9-23b)
1.67 ( 4 )(13.4 kips/bolt )(1.45 in.)
3.50 in. ( 65 ksi ) 1 + ( 0.768 )(1.0 )
= 0.568 in. < t f = 0.640 in.

o.k.
IID-7
Tensile Yielding of the WT Stem on the Whitmore Section Using AISC Manual Part 9
The effective width of the WT stem (which cannot exceed the actual width of 8 in.) is:
lw = 3.00 in. + 2(4.00 in.)(tan 30D ) 8.00 in.
= 7.62 in.
The nominal strength is determined as:

Rn = Fy Ag
(Spec. Eq. J4-1)
= 50 ksi(7.62 in.)(0.370 in.)

= 141 kips
LRFD
= 0.90
= 1.67
Rn = 0.90(141 kips)
= 127 kips > 80.2 kips
o.k.
ASD
Rn 141 kips
=
1.67
= 84.4 kips > 53.5 kips
o.k.
Shear Rupture of the WT Stem Base Metal

6.19D
Fu
4 sixteenths
= 6.19
65 ksi
= 0.381 in. > 0.370 in.
(Manual Eq. 9-3)
tmin =
shear rupture strength of WT stem controls over weld rupture strength
Block Shear Rupture of the WT Stem

Agv = ( 2 shear planes )( 4.00 in.)( 0.370 in.)
= 2.96 in.2
Tension stress is uniform, therefore Ubs = 1.0.
Ant = Agt = 3.00 in. ( 0.370 in.)
= 1.11 in.2
Rn = 0.60FuAnv+UbsFuAnt 0.60FyAgv+UbsFuAnt
(Spec. Eq. J4-5)
Because the angles are welded to the WT-hanger, shear yielding on the gross area will control (that is, the portion
of the block shear rupture equation that addresses shear rupture on the net area does not control).
Rn = 0.60 Fy Agv + U bs Fu Ant
= 0.60 ( 50 ksi ) 2.96 in.2 + 1.0 ( 65 ksi ) 1.11 in.2
= 161 kips

IID-8
LRFD
= 0.75
Rn = 0.75(161 kips)
= 121 kips > 80.2 kips
= 2.00
o.k.
ASD
Rn 161 kips
=
2.00
= 80.5 kips > 53.5 kips
o.k.
Note: As an alternative to the preceding calculations, the designer can use a simplified procedure to select a WT
hanger with a flange thick enough to reduce the effect of prying action to an insignificant amount, i.e.,
q 0. Assuming b ' = 1.45 in.
From AISC Manual Part 9:
LRFD
= 0.90
tmin =
4Tb
pFu
4(20.1 kips/bolt)(1.45 in.)

0.90(3.50 in./bolt)(65 ksi)
= 0.755 in.
= 1.67
(Manual Eq. 9-20a)
tmin =
ASD
4Tb
pFu
(Manual Eq. 9-20b)
1.67 ( 4 ) (13.4 kips/bolt)(1.45 in.)
(3.50 in./bolt)(65 ksi)

= 0.755 in.
A WT625, with tf = 0.640 in. < 0.755 in., does not have a sufficient flange thickness to reduce the effect of
prying action to an insignificant amount. In this case, the simplified approach requires a WT section with a thicker
flange.

IID-9
EXAMPLE II.D-2 BEAM BEARING PLATE

Given:
An ASTM A992 W1850 beam with a dead load end reaction of 15 kips and a live load end reaction of 45 kips is
supported by a 10-in.-thick concrete wall. Assuming the concrete has f c = 3 ksi, and the bearing plate is ASTM
A36 material determine the following:
a. If a bearing plate is required if the beam is supported by the full wall thickness
b. The bearing plate required if lb = 10 in. (the full wall thickness)
c. The bearing plate required if lb = 62 in. and the bearing plate is centered on the thickness of the wall
Solution:
From AISC Manual Tables 2-4 and 2-5, the material properties are as follows:
Beam
W1850
ASTM A992
Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi
Bearing Plate (if required)
ASTM A36
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi
Concrete Wall
f c = 3 ksi
From AISC Manual Table 1-1, the geometric properties are as follows:
Beam
W1850
d = 18.0 in.
tw = 0.355 in.
bf = 7.50 in.
tf = 0.570 in.
kdes = 0.972 in.
k1 = m in.

IID-10
Concrete Wall
h = 10.0 in.
Solution a:
LRFD
Calculate required strength.
ASD
Ru = 1.2(15 kips) + 1.6(45 kips)

= 90.0 kips
Ra = 15 kips + 45 kips
= 60.0 kips
Check web local yielding using AISC Manual Table

9-4 and Manual Equation 9-45a.
Check web local yielding using AISC Manual Table

9-4 and Manual Equation 9-45b.
Ru R1
kdes
R2
90.0 kips 43.1 kips
=
0.972 in.
17.8 kips/in.
= 2.63 in. < 10.0 in.
lb req =
Ra R1 /
kdes
R2 /
60.0 kips 28.8 kips
=
0.972 in.
11.8 kips/in.
= 2.64 in. < 10.0 in.
lb req =
o.k.
o.k.
Check web local crippling using AISC Manual Table

9-4.
Check web local crippling using AISC Manual Table

9-4.
lb 10.0 in.
=
d 18.0 in.
= 0.556
lb 10.0 in.
=
d 18.0 in.
= 0.556
Since
lb
> 0.2, use Manual Equation 9-48a.
d
Ru R5
R6
90.0 kips 52.0 kips
=
6.30 kips/in.
= 6.03 in. < 10.0 in.
Since
lb req =
Verify
lb
> 0.2, use Manual Equation 9-48b.
d
Ra R5 /
R6 /
60.0 kips 34.7 kips
=
4.20 kips/in.
= 6.02 in. < 10.0 in.
lb req =
o.k.
lb
> 0.2,
d
Verify
lb 6.03 in.
=
d 18.0 in.
= 0.335 > 0.2
o.k.
o.k.
lb
> 0.2,
d
lb 6.02 in.
=
d 18.0 in.
= 0.334 > 0.2
o.k.
Check the bearing strength of concrete.
Check the bearing strength of concrete.
Note that AISC Specification Equation J8-1 is used

because A2 is not larger than A1 in this case.
Note that AISC Specification Equation J8-1 is used

because A2 is not larger than A1 in this case.
Pp = 0.85fc A1
Pp = 0.85fc A1
(Spec. Eq. J8-1)

(Spec. Eq. J8-1)
IID-11
LRFD
ASD
c = 2.31
c = 0.65
cPp = c0.85fcA1
= 0.65(0.85)(3 ksi)(7.50 in.)(10.0 in.)
= 124 kips > 90.0 kips
Pp 0.85 f c'A1
=
c
c
0.85 ( 3 ksi )( 7.50 in.)(10.0 in.)
=
2.31
= 82.8 kips > 60.0 kips
o.k.
o.k.
Beam Flange Thickness Check Using AISC Manual Part 14

LRFD
Determine the cantilever length from Manual Equation
14-1.
ASD
Determine the cantilever length from Manual Equation
14-1.
bf
kdes
2
7.50 in.
=
0.972 in.
2
= 2.78 in.
bf
kdes
2
7.50 in.
=
0.972 in.
2
= 2.78 in.
n=
n=
Determine bearing pressure.
Determine bearing pressure.
fp =
Ru
A1
fp =
Determine the minimum beam flange thickness

required if no bearing plate is provided. The beam
flanges along the length, n, are assumed to be fixed end
cantilevers with a minimum thickness determined
using the limit state of flexural yielding.
Mu =
f p n 2 Ru n 2
=
2
2 A1
Ra
A1
Determine the minimum beam flange thickness

required if no bearing plate is provided. The beam
flanges along the length, n, are assumed to be fixed end
cantilevers with a minimum thickness determined using
the limit state of flexural yielding.
Ma =
f p n 2 Ra n 2
=
2
2 A1
Z = 4t 2
Z = 4t 2
t2
M u Fy Z = Fy
4
Ma
Fy Z Fy t 2
=
tmin =
4M a
2 Ra n 2
=
Fy
A1 Fy
tmin =
4M u
2 Ru n 2
=
Fy
A 1 Fy
= 0.90
tmin =
2 Ru n 2
A 1 Fy
= 1.67
tmin =
2 Ra n 2
A1 Fy

IID-12
LRFD
ASD
2(90.0 kips)(2.78 in.)2

0.90(7.50 in.)(10.0 in.)(50 ksi)
= 0.642 in. > 0.570 in.
1.67 ( 2 ) (60.0 kips)(2.78 in.) 2
(7.50 in.)(10.0 in.)(50 ksi)

= 0.643 in. > 0.570 in.
n.g.
A bearing plate is required. See note following.
n.g.
A bearing plate is required. See note following.
Note: The designer may assume a bearing width narrower than the beam flange in order to justify a thinner flange.
In this case, if 5.44 in. bearing width 6.56 in., a 0.570 in. flange thickness is ok and the concrete has adequate
bearing strength.
Solution b:
lb = 10 in.
From Solution a, web local yielding and web local crippling are o.k.
LRFD
Calculate the required bearing-plate width using AISC
Specification Equation J8-1.
ASD
Calculate the required bearing-plate width using AISC
Specification Equation J8-1.
c = 0.65
c = 2.31
A1 req =
Ru
c 0.85 f c
A1 req =
60.0 kips(2.31)
(0.85)(3 ksi)
= 54.4 in.2
90.0 kips
0.65(0.85)(3 ksi)
= 54.3 in.2
B req =
Ra c
0.85 f c
A1 req
N
B req =
A 1 req
N
54.4 in.2
10.0 in.
= 5.44 in.
54.3 in.2
10.0 in.
= 5.43 in.
Use B = 8 in. (selected as the least whole-inch

dimension that exceeds bf).
Use B = 8 in. (selected as the least whole-inch

dimension that exceeds bf).
Calculate the required bearing-plate thickness using

AISC Manual Part 14.

B
kdes
2
8.00 in.
=
0.972 in.
2
= 3.03 in.
n=
tmin =
2 Ru n 2
A1 Fy
(Manual Eq. 14-1)
B
kdes
2
8.00 in.
=
0.972 in.
2
= 3.03 in.
n=
tmin =
2 Ra n 2
A1 Fy

(Manual Eq. 14-1)
IID-13
2(90.0 kips)(3.03 in.)2

0.90(10.0 in.)(8.00 in.)(36 ksi)
= 0.798 in.
1.67 ( 2 ) (60.0 kips)(3.03 in.) 2
(10.0 in.)(8.00 in.)(36 ksi)

= 0.799 in.
Use PL d in.10 in.0 ft 8 in.
Use PL d in.10 in.0 ft 8 in.
Note: The calculations for tmin are conservative. Taking the strength of the beam flange into consideration results
in a thinner required bearing plate or no bearing plate at all.
Solution c:
lb = N = 6.50 in.
From Solution a, web local yielding and web local crippling are o.k.
Try B = 8 in.
A1 = BN
= 8.00 in.(6.50 in.)
= 52.0 in.2
To determine the dimensions of the area A2, the load is spread into the concrete until an edge or the maximum
condition A 2 / A1 = 2 is met. There is also a requirement that the area, A2, be geometrically similar to A1 or, in
other words, have the same aspect ratio as A1.
N1 = 6.50 in. + 2(1.75 in.)

= 10.0 in.
B 8.00in.
=
N 6.50 in.
= 1.23
B1 = 1.23(10.0 in.)
= 12.3 in.
A2 = B1N1
= 12.3 in. (10.0 in.)
= 123 in.2
Check
A2
123 in.2
=
A1
52.0 in.2
o.k.
= 1.54 2
Pp = 0.85 f c A1 A2 A1 1.7 f c A1
(Spec. Eq. J8-2)
= 0.85 ( 3 ksi ) 52.0 in.2 (1.54 ) 1.7 ( 3 ksi ) 52.0 in.2
= 204 kips 265 kips

IID-14
LRFD
ASD
c = 0.65
c = 2.31
c Pp = 0.65(204 kips)
= 133 kips
Pp 204 kips
=
2.31
= 88.3 kips
o.k.
133 kips > 90.0 kips

B
k
2
8.00 in.
0.972 in.
=
2
= 3.03 in.
n=
tmin =
=
(Manual Eq. 14-1)

n=
B
B
k k
2
2
(Manual Eq. 14-1)
8.00 in.
0.972 in.
2
= 3.03 in.
2 Ru n 2
A1 Fy
tmin =
2(90.0 kips)(3.03 in.)2

0.90 ( 6.50 in.)( 8.00 in.) (36 ksi)
= 0.990 in.
o.k.
88.3 kips > 60.0 kips
2 Ra n 2
A1 Fy
1.67 ( 2 ) (60.0 kips)(3.03 in.) 2
( 6.50 in.)(8.00 in.) (36 ksi)
= 0.991 in.
Use PL 1 in. 62 in. 0 ft 8 in.
Use PL 1 in. 62 in. 0 ft 8 in.
Note: The calculations for tmin are conservative. Taking the strength of the beam flange into consideration results
in a thinner required bearing plate or no bearing plate at all.

IID-15
EXAMPLE II.D-3 SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTION WITH OVERSIZED HOLES

Given:
Design the connection of an ASTM A36 2L33c tension member to an ASTM A36 plate welded to an ASTM
A992 beam as shown in Figure II.D-3-1 for a dead load of 15 kips and a live load of 45 kips. The angles have
standard holes and the plate has oversized holes per AISC Specification Table J3.3. Use w-in.-diameter ASTM
A325-SC bolts with Class A surfaces.
PD = 15 kips
PL = 45 kips
Fig. II.D-3-1. Connection Configuration for Example II.D-3.

Solution:
From AISC Manual Tables 2-4 and 2-5, the material properties are as follows:
Beam
W1626
ASTM A992
Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi
Hanger
2L33c
ASTM A36
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi

IID-16
Plate
ASTM A36
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi
From AISC Manual Tables 1-1, 1-7 and 1-15, the geometric properties are as follows:
Beam
W1626
tf = 0.345 in.
tw = 0.250 in.
kdes = 0.747 in.
Hanger
2L33c
A = 3.56 in.2
x = 0.860 in. for single angle
Plate
tp = 0.500 in.
LRFD
ASD
Ru = (1.2)(15 kips) + (1.6)(45 kips)

= 90.0 kips
Ra = 15 kips + 45 kips
= 60.0 kips
Check the available slip resistance of the bolts using

AISC Manual Table 7-3.
Check the available slip resistance of the bolts using

AISC Manual Table 7-3.
For w-in.-diameter ASTM A325-SC bolts with Class

A faying surfaces in oversized holes and double shear:
For w-in.-diameter ASTM A325-SC bolts with Class A

faying surfaces in oversized holes and double shear:
rn = 16.1 kips/bolt
rn
= 10.8 kips/bolt
n=
Ru
90.0 kips
=
rn 16.1 kips/bolt
n=
= 5.59 6 bolts
= 5.56 6 bolts
Slip-critical connections must also be designed for the

limit states of bearing-type connections. Check bolt
shear strength using AISC Manual Table 7-1.
rn = Fv Ab = 35.8 kips/bolt
Rn = rn n
= (35.8 kips/bolt)(6 bolts)
= 215 kips > 90.0 kips
Ra
60.0 kips
=
( rn / ) 10.8 kips/bolt
o.k.
Slip-critical connections must also be designed for the

limit states of bearing-type connections. Check bolt
shear strength using AISC Manual Table 7-1.
rn Fv Ab
=
= 23.9 kips/bolt
Rn rn
= n

= (23.9 kips/bolt)(6 bolts)
= 143 kips > 60.0 kips

o.k.
IID-17
Tensile Yielding Strength of the Angles

Pn = Fy Ag
= 36 ksi 3.56 in.2
(Spec. Eq. D2-1)
= 128 kips
LRFD
ASD
t = 0.90
t = 1.67
t Pn = 0.90 (128 kips )

= 115 kips > 90.0 kips
o.k.
Pn 128 kips
=
1.67
= 76.6 kips > 60.0 kips
o.k.
Tensile Rupture Strength of the Angles

x
from AISC Specification Table D3.1 Case 2
l
0.860 in.
= 1
15.0 in.
= 0.943
U = 1
Ae = AnU
(Spec. Eq. D3-1)
= 3.56 in. 2(c in.)(m in. + z in.) ( 0.943)

= 2.84 in.2
2
Pn = Fu Ae
(Spec. Eq. D2-2)

2
= 58 ksi(2.84 in. )
= 165 kips
LRFD
t = 0.75
t Pn = 0.75(165 kips)
= 124 kips > 90.0 kips
o.k.
ASD
t = 2.00
Pn 165 kips
=
2.00
t
= 82.5 kips > 60.0 kips
o.k.
Block Shear Rupture Strength of the Angles
Use a single vertical row of bolts.

U bs = 1, n = 6, Lev = 12 in., and Leh = 14 in.
Rn = 0.60 Fu Anv + U bs Fu Ant 0.60 Fy Agv + U bs Fu Ant
Shear Yielding Component

Agv = 5 ( 3.00 in.) +1.50 in. ( c in.)
= 5.16 in.2 per angle

(Spec. Eq. J4-5)
IID-18
0.60 Fy Agv = 0.60 ( 36 ksi ) 5.16 in.2
= 111 kips per angle

Shear Rupture Component
Anv = 5.16 in.2 5.5 (m in. + z in.)( c in.)
0.60 Fu Anv = 0.60 ( 58 ksi ) 3.66 in.2
= 127 kips per angle

Shear yielding controls over shear rupture.
Tension Rupture Component
Ant = 1.25 in. 0.5 (m in. + z in.) ( c in.)
U bs Fu Ant = 1.0 ( 58 ksi ) 0.254 in.2
= 14.7 kips per angle

= 0.75
LRFD
= 2.00
Rn = 0.75 ( 2 )(111 kips + 14.7 kips )

= 189 kips > 90.0 kips
o.k.
ASD
Rn 2 (111kips + 14.7 kips )

=
2.00
= 126 kips > 60.0 kips
o.k.
Bearing / Tear Out Strength of the Angles

Holes are standard m-in. diameter.
Check strength for edge bolt.
lc = 1.50 in.
w in. + z in.
2
= 1.09 in.
rn = 1.2lc tFu 2.4dtFu
= 1.2(1.09 in.)(c in.)(2)(58 ksi) 2.4(w in.)(c in.)(2)(58 ksi)
(Spec. Eq. J3-6a)
= 47.4 kips 65.3 kips
Check strength for interior bolts.

lc = 3.00 in. ( w in. + z in.)
= 2.19 in.
= 1.2(2.19 in.)(c in.)(2)(58 ksi) 2.4(w in.)(c in.)(2)(58 ksi)

(Spec. Eq. J3-6a)
IID-19
= 95.3 kips 65.3 kips
Total strength for all bolts.

rn = 1(47.4 kips) + 5(65.3 kips)
= 374 kips
LRFD
= 0.75
rn = 0.75(374 kips)
= 281 kips > 90.0 kips
o.k.
ASD
= 2.00
rn 374 kips
=
2.00
= 187 kips > 60.0 kips
o.k.
Tensile Yielding Strength of the 2-in. Plate

By inspection, the Whitmore section includes the entire width of the 2-in. plate.
Rn = Fy Ag
= 36 ksi(2 in.)(6.00 in.)
= 108 kips
(Spec. Eq. J4-1)
LRFD
t = 0.90
Rn = 0.90(108 kips)
= 97.2 kips > 90.0 kips
o.k.
ASD
t = 1.67
Rn 108 kips
=
1.67
t
= 64.7 kips > 60.0 kips
o.k.
Tensile Rupture Strength of the 2-in. Plate

Holes are oversized ,-in. diameter.
Calculate the effective net area.
Ae = An 0.85 Ag from AISC Specification Section J4.1
0.85 3.00 in.2
2.55 in.
An = 3.00 in.2 (2 in.)(, in. + z in.)
= 2.50in.2 2.55in.2
Ae = AnU
(Spec. Eq. D3-1)
= 2.50in. (1.0 )
2
= 2.50 in.2
Rn = Fu Ae
(Spec. Eq. J4-2)

2
= 58 ksi(2.50 in. )
= 145 kips

IID-20
LRFD
= 0.75
Rn = 0.75(145 kips)
= 109 kips > 90.0 kips
o.k.
ASD
= 2.00
Rn 145 kips
=
2.00
= 72.5 kips > 60.0 kips
o.k.
Block Shear Rupture Strength of the 2-in. Plate

Use a single vertical row of bolts.
U bs = 1.0, n = 6, Lev = 12 in., and Leh = 3 in.
Rn = 0.60 Fu Anv + U bs Fu Ant 0.60 Fy Agv + U bs Fu Ant
(Spec. Eq. J4-5)
Shear Yielding Component

Agv = 5 ( 3.00 in.) + 1.50 in. (2 in.)
= 8.25 in.2
0.60 Fy Agv = 0.60 ( 36 ksi ) 8.25 in.2
= 178 kips
Shear Rupture Component
Anv = 8.25 in.2 5.5 (, in. + z in.)(2 in.)
= 5.50 in.2
0.60 Fu Anv = 0.60 ( 58 ksi ) 5.50 in.2
= 191 kips
Shear yielding controls over shear rupture.
Tension Rupture Component
Ant = 3.00 in. 0.5 (, in. + z in.) (2 in.)
= 1.25 in.2
U bs Fu Ant = 1.0 ( 58 ksi ) 1.25 in.2
= 72.5 kips
= 0.75
LRFD
= 2.00
Rn = 0.75 (178 kips + 72.5 kips )

= 188 kips > 90.0 kips
o.k.
ASD
Rn (178 kips + 72.5 kips )

=
2.00
= 125 kips > 60.0 kips

o.k.
IID-21
Bearing/Tear Out Strength of the 2-in. Plate

Holes are oversized ,-in. diameter.
Check strength for edge bolt.
lc = 1.50 in.
, in.
2
= 1.03 in.
= 1.2(1.03 in.)(2 in.)(58 ksi) 2.4(w)(2 in.)(58 ksi)
(Spec. Eq. J3-6a)
= 35.8 kips 52.2 kips
Check strength for interior bolts.

lc = 3.00 in. , in.
= 2.06 in.
= 1.2(2.06 in.)(2 in.)(58 ksi) 2.4(w in.)(2 in.)(58 ksi)
= 71.7 kips 52.2 kips
(Spec. Eq. J3-6a)
Total strength for all bolts.

rn = 1(35.8 kips) + 5(52.2 kips)
= 297 kips
LRFD
= 0.75
rn = 0.75(297 kips)
= 223 kips > 90.0 kips
o.k.
ASD
= 2.00
rn 297 kips
=
2.00
= 149 kips > 60.0 kips
o.k.
Fillet Weld Required for the 2-in. Plate to the W-Shape Beam
Because the angle of the force relative to the axis of the weld is 90, the strength of the weld can be increased by
the following factor from AISC Specification Section J2.4.
(1.0 + 0.50sin1.5 ) = (1.0 + 0.50sin1.5 90)
= 1.50
From AISC Manual Equations 8-2,

LRFD
Ru
Dreq =
1.50(1.392l )
90.0 kips
=
1.50(1.392)(2)(6.00 in.)
= 3.59 sixteenths
ASD
Pa
Dreq =
1.50(0.928l )
60.0 kips
=
1.50(0.928)(2)(6.00 in.)
= 3.59 sixteenths

IID-22
From AISC Manual Table J2.4, the minimum fillet weld size is x in.
Use a 4-in. fillet weld on both sides of the plate.
Beam Flange Base Metal Check
3.09 D
Fu
3.09(3.59 sixteenths)
=
65 ksi
= 0.171 in. < 0.345 in.
tmin =
(Manual Eq. 9-2)
o.k.
Concentrated Forces Check for W16x26 Beam

Check web local yielding. (Assume the connection is at a distance from the member end greater than the depth of
the member, d.)
Rn = Fywtw (5kdes + lb )
(Spec. Eq. J10-2)
= 50 ksi (4 in.) 5 ( 0.747 in.) + 6.00 in.

= 122 kips
= 1.00
LRFD
Rn = 1.00(122 kips)
= 122 kips > 90.0 kips
o.k.
ASD
= 1.50
Rn 122 kips
=
1.50
= 81.3 kips > 60.0 kips

o.k.
III-1
Chapter III
System Design Examples

III-2
EXAMPLE III-1
Design of Selected Members and Lateral Analysis of a Four-Story Building
INTRODUCTION
This section illustrates the load determination and selection of representative members that are part of the gravity
and lateral frame of a typical four-story building. The design is completed in accordance with the 2010 AISC
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings and the 14th Edition AISC Steel Construction Manual. Loading
criteria are based on ASCE/SEI 7-10 (ASCE, 2010).
This section includes:
Analysis and design of a typical steel frame for gravity loads
Analysis and design of a typical steel frame for lateral loads
Examples illustrating three methods for satisfying the stability provisions of AISC Specification Chapter
C
The building being analyzed in this design example is located in a Midwestern city with moderate wind and
seismic loads. The loads are given in the description of the design example. All members are ASTM A992 steel.
CONVENTIONS
The following conventions are used throughout this example:
1.
Beams or columns that have similar, but not necessarily identical, loads are grouped together. This is
done because such grouping is generally a more economical practice for design, fabrication and erection.
2.
Certain calculations, such as design loads for snow drift, which might typically be determined using a
spreadsheet or structural analysis program, are summarized and then incorporated into the analysis. This
simplifying feature allows the design example to illustrate concepts relevant to the member selection
process.
3.
Two commonly used deflection calculations, for uniform loads, have been rearranged so that the
conventional units in the problem can be directly inserted into the equation for steel design. They are as
follows:
Simple Beam:
Beam Fixed at both Ends:
5 w kip/in. ( L in.)
384 ( 29,000 ksi ) ( I in.4 )

w kip/in. ( L in.)
w kip/ft ( L ft )
384 ( 29,000 ksi ) ( I in.4 )

1,290 ( I in.4 )
w kip/ft ( L ft )
6,440 ( I in.4 )
III-3
DESIGN SEQUENCE
The design sequence is presented as follows:
1. General description of the building including geometry, gravity loads and lateral loads
2. Roof member design and selection
3. Floor member design and selection
4. Column design and selection for gravity loads
5. Wind load determination
6. Seismic load determination
7. Horizontal force distribution to the lateral frames
8. Preliminary column selection for the moment frames and braced frames
9. Seismic load application to lateral systems
10. Stability (P-) analysis

III-4
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING
Geometry
The design example is a four-story building, comprised of seven bays at 30 ft in the East-West (numbered grids)
direction and bays of 45 ft, 30 ft and 45 ft in the North-South (lettered grids) direction. The floor-to-floor height
for the four floors is 13 ft 6 in. and the height from the fourth floor to the roof (at the edge of the building) is 14 ft
6 in. Based on discussions with fabricators, the same column size will be used for the whole height of the
building.
Basic Building Layout

The plans of these floors and the roof are shown on Sheets S2.1 thru S2.3, found at the end of this Chapter. The
exterior of the building is a ribbon window system with brick spandrels supported and back-braced with steel and
infilled with metal studs. The spandrel wall extends 2 ft above the elevation of the edge of the roof. The window
and spandrel system is shown on design drawing Sheet S4.1.
The roof system is 12-in. metal deck on bar joists. These bar joists are supported on steel beams as shown on
Sheet S2.3. The roof slopes to interior drains. The middle 3 bays have a 6 ft tall screen wall around them and
house the mechanical equipment and the elevator over run. This area has steel beams, in place of steel bar joists,
to support the mechanical equipment.
The three elevated floors have 3 in. of normal weight concrete over 3-in. composite deck for a total slab thickness
of 6 in. The supporting beams are spaced at 10 ft on center. These beams are carried by composite girders in the
East-West direction to the columns. There is a 30 ft by 29 ft opening in the second floor, to create a two-story
atrium at the entrance. These floor layouts are shown on Sheets S2.1 and S2.2. The first floor is a slab on grade
and the foundation consists of conventional spread footings.
The building includes both moment frames and braced frames for lateral resistance. The lateral system in the
North-South direction consists of chevron braces at the end of the building, located adjacent to the stairways. In

III-5
the East-West direction there are no locations in which chevron braces can be concealed; consequently, the lateral
system in the East-West direction is composed of moment frames at the North and South faces of the building.
This building is sprinklered and has large open spaces around it, and consequently does not require fireproofing
for the floors.
Wind Forces
The Basic Wind Speed is 90 miles per hour (3 second gust). Because it is sited in an open, rural area, it will be
analyzed as Wind Exposure Category C. Because it is an ordinary (Risk Category II) office occupancy, the wind
importance factor is 1.0.
Seismic Forces
The sub-soil has been evaluated and the site class has been determined to be Category D. The area has a short
period Ss = 0.121g and a one-second period S1 = 0.060g. The seismic importance factor is 1.0, that of an ordinary
office occupancy (Risk Category II).
Roof and Floor Loads
Roof loads:
The ground snow load (pg) is 20 psf. The slope of the roof is 4 in./ft or more at all locations, but not exceeding 2
in./ft; consequently, 5 psf rain-on-snow surcharge is to be considered, but ponding instability design calculations
are not required. This roof can be designed as a fully exposed roof, but, per ASCE/SEI 7 Section 7.3, cannot be
designed for less than pf = (I)pg = 20 psf uniform snow load. Snow drift will be applied at the edges of the roof
and at the screen wall around the mechanical area. The roof live load for this building is 20 psf, but may be
reduced per ASCE/SEI 7 Section 4.8 where applicable.
Floor Loads:
The basic live load for the floor is 50 psf. An additional partition live load of 20 psf is specified. Because the
locations of partitions and, consequently, corridors are not known, and will be subject to change, the entire floor
will be designed for a live load of 80 psf. This live load will be reduced, based on type of member and area per
the ASCE provisions for live-load reduction.
Wall Loads:
A wall load of 55 psf will be used for the brick spandrels, supporting steel, and metal stud back-up. A wall load
of 15 psf will be used for the ribbon window glazing system.
ROOF MEMBER DESIGN AND SELECTION
Calculate dead load and snow load.
Dead Load
Roofing
Insulation
Deck
Beams
Joists
Misc.
Total
= 5 psf
= 2 psf
= 2 psf
= 3 psf
= 3 psf
= 5 psf
= 20 psf

III-6
Snow Load from ASCE/SEI 7 Section 7.3 and 7.10
Snow
= 20 psf
Rain on Snow
= 5 psf
Total
= 25 psf
Note: In this design, the rain and snow load is greater than the roof live load
The deck is 1 in., wide rib, 22 gage, painted roof deck, placed in a pattern of three continuous spans minimum.
The typical joist spacing is 6 ft on center. At 6 ft on center, this deck has an allowable total load capacity of 89
psf. The roof diaphragm and roof loads extend 6 in. past the centerline of grid as shown on Sheet S4.1.
From Section 7.7 of ASCE/SEI 7, the following drift loads are calculated:
Flat roof snow load = 20 psf, Density = 16.6 lbs/ft3, hb = 1.20 ft
Summary of Drifts
Side Parapet
End Parapet
Screen Wall
Upwind Roof
Length (lu)
121 ft
211 ft
60.5 ft
Proj.
Height
2 ft
2 ft
6 ft
Max. Drift
Load
13.2 psf
13.2 psf
30.5 psf
Max Drift
Width (W)
6.36 ft
6.36 ft
7.35 ft
The snow drift at the penthouse was calculated for the maximum effect, using the East-West wind and an upwind
fetch from the parapet to the centerline of the columns at the penthouse. This same drift is conservatively used for
wind in the North-South direction. The precise location of the drift will depend upon the details of the penthouse
construction, but will not affect the final design in this case.
SELECT ROOF JOISTS
Layout loads and size joists.
User Note: Joists may be specified using ASD or LRFD but are most commonly specified by ASD as shown
here.
The 45-ft side joist with the heaviest loads is shown below along with its end reactions and maximum moment:
Because the load is not uniform, select a 24KCS4 joist from the Steel Joist Institute load tables (SJI, 2005). This
joist has an allowable moment of 92.3 kip-ft, an allowable shear of 8.40 kips, a gross moment of inertia of 453 in.4
and weighs 16.6 plf.
The first joist away from the end of the building is loaded with snow drift along the length of the member. Based
on analysis, a 24KCS4 joist is also acceptable for this uniform load case.
III-7
As an alternative to directly specifying the joist sizes on the design document, as done in this example, loading
diagrams can be included on the design documents to allow the joist manufacturer to economically design the
joists.
The typical 30-ft joist in the middle bay will have a uniform load of
w = (20 psf + 25 psf)(6 ft) = 270 plf
wSL = (25 psf)(6 ft) = 150 plf
From the Steel Joist Institute load tables, select an 18K5 joist which weighs approximately 7.7 plf and satisfies
both strength and deflection requirements.
Note: the first joist away from the screen wall and the first joist away from the end of the building carry snow
drift. Based on analysis, an 18K7 joist will be used in these locations.

III-8
SELECT ROOF BEAMS
Calculate loads and select beams in the mechanical area.
For the beams in the mechanical area, the mechanical units could weigh as much as 60 psf. Use 40 psf additional
dead load, which will account for the mechanical units and the screen wall around the mechanical area. Use 15
psf additional snow load, which will account for any snow drift which could occur in the mechanical area. The
beams in the mechanical area are spaced at 6 ft on center.
Per AISC Design Guide 3 (West et al., 2003), calculate the minimum Ix to limit deflection to l/360 = 1.00 in.
because a plaster ceiling will be used in the lobby area. Use 40 psf as an estimate of the snow load, including
some drifting that could occur in this area, for deflection calculations.
Note: The beams and supporting girders in this area should be rechecked when the final weights and locations for
the mechanical units have been determined.
Ireq (Live Load) =
0.240 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
1,290 (1.00 in.)
= 151 in.4
Calculate the required strengths from Chapter 2 of ASCE/SEI 7 and select the beams in the mechanical area.
LRFD
wu = 6.00 ft[1.2 (0.020 kip/ft2 + 0.040 kip/ft2)

+1.6(0.025 kip/ft2 + 0.015 kip/ft2)]
= 0.816 kip/ft
30.0 ft
( 0.600 kip/ft )
2
= 9.00 kips
30.0 ft
( 0.816 kip/ft )
2
= 12.2 kips
Ru =
Mu =
0.816 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
ASD
wa = 6.00 ft[0.020 kip/ft2 + 0.040 kip/ft2
+ 0.025 kip/ft2 + 0.015 kip/ft2]
= 0.600 kip/ft
Ra =
Ma =
= 91.8 kip-ft
0.600 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
= 67.5 kip-ft
Assuming the beam has full lateral support, use

Manual Table 3-2, select an ASTM A992 W1422,
which has a design flexural strength of 125 kip-ft, a
design shear strength of 94.5 kips, and an Ix of 199
in.4

which has an allowable flexural strength of 82.8 kipft, an allowable shear strength of 63.0 kips and
an Ix of 199 in.4

III-9
SELECT ROOF BEAMS AT THE END (EAST & WEST) OF THE BUILDING
The beams at the ends of the building carry the brick spandrel panel and a small portion of roof load. For these
beams, the cladding weight exceeds 25% of the total dead load on the beam. Therefore, per AISC Design Guide 3,
limit the vertical deflection due to cladding and initial dead load to L/600 or a in. maximum. In addition, because
these beams are supporting brick above and there is continuous glass below, limit the superimposed dead and live
load deflection to L/600 or 0.3 in. max to accommodate the brick and L/360 or 4 in. max to accommodate the
glass. Therefore, combining the two limitations, limit the superimposed dead and live load deflection to L/600 or
4 in. The superimposed dead load includes all of the dead load that is applied after the cladding has been
installed. In calculating the wall loads, the spandrel panel weight is taken as 55 psf. The spandrel panel weight is
approximately:
wD = 7.50 ft(0.055 kip/ft2)
= 0.413 kip/ft
The dead load from the roof is equal to:

wD = 3.50 ft(0.020 kip/ft2)
= 0.070 kip/ft
Use 8 psf for the initial dead load.

wD(initial) = 3.50 ft(0.008 kip/ft2)
= 0.0280 kip/ft
Use 12 psf for the superimposed dead load.

wD(super) = 3.50 ft(0.012 kip/ft2)
= 0.0420 kip/ft
The snow load from the roof can be conservatively taken as:
wS = 3.50 ft(0.025 kip/ft2 + 0.0132 kip/ft2)
= 0.134 kip/ft
to account for the maximum snow drift as a uniform load.

Assume the beams are simple spans of 22.5 ft.
Calculate minimum Ix to limit the superimposed dead and live load deflection to in.
Ireq =
0.176 kip/ft ( 22.5 ft )
1,290 (4 in.)
=140 in.4
Calculate minimum Ix to limit the cladding and initial dead load deflection to a in.
Ireq =
0.441 kip/ft ( 22.5 ft )

1,290 ( a in.)
= 234 in.4
The beams are full supported by the deck as shown in Detail 4 on Sheet S4.1. The loading diagram is as follows:

III-10
Calculate the required strengths from Chapter 2 of ASCE/SEI 7 and select the beams for the roof ends.
LRFD
wu =1.2(0.070 kip/ft + 0.413 kip/ft) + 1.6(0.134 kip/ft)

= 0.794 kip/ft
22.5 ft
( 0.794 kip/ft )
2
= 8.93 kips
22.5 ft
( 0.617 kip/ft )
2
= 6.94 kips
Ru =
Mu =
0.794 kip/ft ( 22.5 ft )
ASD
wa = (0.070 kip/ft + 0.413 kip/ft) + 0.134 kip/ft
= 0.617 kip/ft
Ra =
Ma =
= 50.2 kip-ft
0.617 kip/ft ( 22.5 ft )
= 39.0 kip-ft

which has a design flexural strength of 166 kip-ft, a
design shear strength of 106 kips, and an Ix of 301 in.4

which has an allowable flexural strength of 110 kipft, an allowable shear strength of 70.5 kips, and an
Ix of 301 in.4

III-11
SELECT ROOF BEAMS ALONG THE SIDE (NORTH & SOUTH) OF THE BUILDING
The beams along the side of the building carry the spandrel panel and a substantial roof dead load and live load.
For these beams, the cladding weight exceeds 25% of the total dead load on the beam. Therefore, per AISC
Design Guide 3, limit the vertical deflection due to cladding and initial dead load to L/600 or a in. maximum. In
addition, because these beams are supporting brick above and there is continuous glass below, limit the
superimposed dead and live load deflection to L/600 or 0.3 in. max to accommodate the brick and L/360 or 4 in.
max to accommodate the glass. Therefore, combining the two limitations, limit the superimposed dead and live
load deflection to L/600 or 4 in. The superimposed dead load includes all of the dead load that is applied after the
cladding has been installed. These beams will be part of the moment frames on the side of the building and
therefore will be designed as fixed at both ends. The roof dead load and snow load on this edge beam is equal to
the joist end dead load and snow load reaction. Treating this as a uniform load, divide this by the joist spacing.
wD = 2.76 kips/6.00 ft
= 0.460 kip/ft
wS = 3.73 kips/6.00 ft
= 0.622 kip/ft
wD(initial) = 23.0 ft (0.008 kip/ft2)
= 0.184 kip/ft
wD(super) = 23.0 ft (0.012 kip/ft2)
= 0.276 kip/ft
Calculate the minimum Ix to limit the superimposed dead and live load deflection to 4 in.
Ireq =
( 0.898 kip/ft )( 30.0 ft )

6,440 (4 in.)
= 452 in.4
Calculate the minimum Ix to limit the cladding and initial dead load deflection to a in.
Ireq =
( 0.597 kip/ft )( 30.0 ft )

6,440 ( a in.)
= 200 in.4

III-12
Calculate the required strengths from Chapter 2 of ASCE/SEI 7 and select the beams for the roof sides.
LRFD
wu = 1.2(0.460 kip/ft + 0.413 kip/ft)

+1.6(0.622 kip/ft)
= 2.04 kip/ft
30.0 ft
( 2.04 kip/ft )
2
= 30.6 kips
ASD
wa = (0.460 kip/ft + 0.413 kip/ft)
+ 0.622 kip/ft
= 1.50 kip/ft
30.0 ft
(1.50 kip/ft )
2
= 22.5 kips
Ru =
Ra =
Calculate Cb for compression in the bottom flange

braced at the midpoint and supports using AISC
Specification Equation F1-1.
Calculate Cb for compression in the bottom flange

braced at the midpoint and supports using AISC
Specification Equation F1-1.
MuMax =
2.04 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
MaMax =
12
= 153 kip-ft at supports
Mu =
2.04 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
Ma =
From AISC Manual Table 3-23,
2.04 kip/ft 6 ( 30.0 ft )( 3.75 ft )
2
2
( 30.0 ft ) 6 ( 3.75 ft )
12
= 52.6 kip-ft
at quarter point of unbraced segment
2.04 kip/ft 6 ( 30.0 ft )( 7.50 ft )
2
2
( 30.0 ft ) 6 ( 7.50 ft )
12
= 19.1 kip-ft at midpoint of unbraced segment

M uC =
1.50 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
24
= 56.3 kip-ft at midpoint
M uB =
12
= 113 kip-ft at supports
24
= 76.5 kip-ft at midpoint
M uA =
1.50 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
2.04 kip/ft 6 ( 30.0 ft )(11.3 ft )
2
2
( 30.0 ft ) 6 (11.3 ft )
12
= 62.5 kip-ft at three quarter point of unbraced

segment
M aA =
1.50 kip/ft 6 ( 30.0 ft )( 3.75 ft )
( 30.0 ft )2 6 ( 3.75 ft )2
12
= 38.7 kip-ft
at quarter point of unbraced segment
M aB =
1.50 kip/ft 6 ( 30.0 ft )( 7.50 ft )
2
2
( 30.0 ft ) 6 ( 7.50 ft )
12
= 14.1 kip-ft at midpoint of unbraced segment

M aC =
1.50 kip/ft 6 ( 30.0 ft )(11.3 ft )
2
2
( 30.0 ft ) 6 (11.3 ft )
12
= 46.0 kip-ft at three quarter point of unbraced

segment

III-13
LRFD
Using AISC Specification Equation F1-1,

12.5M max
Cb =
2.5M max + 3M A + 4 M B + 3M C
12.5 (153 kip-ft )
=
2.5 (153 kip-ft ) + 3 ( 52.6 kip-ft )
+4 (19.1 kip-ft ) + 3 ( 62.5 kip-ft )

= 2.38
ASD
Using AISC Specification Equation F1-1,
12.5M max
Cb =
2.5M max + 3M A + 4 M B + 3M C
12.5 (113 kip-ft )
=
2.5 (113 kip-ft ) + 3 ( 38.7 kip-ft )
+4 (14.1 kip-ft ) + 3 ( 46.0 kip-ft )

= 2.38
From AISC Manual Table 3-10, select W1835.
From AISC Manual Table 3-10, select W1835.
For Lb = 6 ft and Cb = 1.0

bMn = 229 kip-ft > 76.5 kip-ft
For Lb = 6 ft and Cb = 1.0

Mn / b = 152 kip-ft > 56.3 kip-ft
o.k.
For Lb = 15 ft and Cb = 2.38,

Mn / b = (72.7 kip-ft)2.38
= 173 kip-ft Mp / b
b / Mp = 166 kip-ft > 113 kip-ft
o.k.
For Lb = 15 ft and Cb = 2.38,

bMn = (109 kip-ft)2.38
= 259 kip-ft bMp
bMp = 249 kip-ft > 153 kip-ft
o.k.
o.k.
From AISC Manual Table 3-2, a W1835 has a

design shear strength of 159 kips and an Ix of 510 in.4
o.k.
From AISC Manual Table 3-2, a W1835 has an

allowable shear strength of 106 kips and an Ix of 510
in.4 o.k.
Note: This roof beam may need to be upsized during the lateral load analysis to increase the
stiffness and strength of the member and improve lateral frame drift performance.

III-14
SELECT THE ROOF BEAMS ALONG THE INTERIOR LINES OF THE BUILDING
There are three individual beam loadings that occur along grids C and D. The beams from 1 to 2 and 7 to 8 have a
uniform snow load except for the snow drift at the end at the parapet. The snow drift from the far ends of the 45-ft
joists is negligible. The beams from 2 to 3 and 6 to 7 are the same as the first group, except they have snow drift
at the screen wall. The loading diagrams are shown below. A summary of the moments, left and right reactions,
and required Ix to keep the live load deflection to equal or less than the span divided by 240 (or 1.50 in.) is given
below.
Calculate required strengths from Chapter 2 of ASCE/SEI 7 and required moment of inertia.
LRFD
Grids 1 to 2 and 7 to 8 (opposite hand)
ASD
Grids 1 to 2 and 7 to 8 (opposite hand)
Ru (left) = 1.2(11.6 kips) + 1.6(16.0 kips)

= 39.5 kips
Ra (left) = 11.6 kips + 16.0 kips

= 27.6 kips
Ru (right) = 1.2(11.2 kips) + 1.6(14.2 kips)

= 36.2 kips
Ra (right) = 11.2 kips + 14.2 kips

= 25.4 kips
Mu = 1.2(84.3 kip-ft) + 1.6(107 kip-ft)

= 272 kip-ft
Ma = 84.3 kip-ft + 107 kip-ft

= 191 kip-ft

III-15
LRFD
Ix reqd =
( 0.938 kip/ft )( 30.0 ft )

1,290 (1.50 in.)
ASD
4
Ix reqd =
= 393 in.4
( 0.938 kip/ft )( 30.0 ft )

1,290 (1.50 in.)
= 393 in.4
From AISC Manual Table 3-10, for Lb = 6 ft and Cb

= 1.0, select W2144 which has a design flexural
strength of 332 kip-ft, a design shear strength of 217
kips, and Ix = 843 in.4

= 1.0, select W2144 which has an allowable
flexural strength of 221 kip-ft, an allowable shear
strength of 145 kips, and Ix = 843 in.4
Grids 2 to 3 and 6 to 7(opposite hand)
Grids 2 to 3 and 6 to 7(opposite hand)
Ru (left) = 1.2(11.3 kips) + 1.6(14.4 kips)

= 36.6 kips
Ra (left) = 11.3 kips + 14.4 kips

= 25.7 kips
Ru (right) = 1.2(11.3 kips) + 1.6(17.9) kips)

= 42.2 kips
Ra (right) = 11.3 kips + 17.9 kips

= 29.2 kips
Mu = 1.2(84.4 kip-ft) + 1.6(111 kip-ft)

= 279 kip-ft
Ma = 84.4 kip-ft + 111 kip-ft

= 195 kip-ft
Ix reqd =
( 0.938 kip/ft )( 30.0 ft )

1,290 (1.50 in.)
Ix reqd =
= 393 in.4
( 0.938 kip/ft )( 30.0 ft )

1,290 (1.50 in.)
= 393 in.4

= 1.0, select W2144 which has a design flexural
kips and Ix = 843 in.4
From AISC Manual Table 3-10, for Lb = 6 ft and Cb =

1.0, select W2144 which has an allowable flexural
strength of 221 kip-ft, an allowable shear strength of
145 kips, and Ix = 843 in.4
The third individual beam loading occurs at the beams from 3 to 4, 4 to 5, and 5 to 6. This is the
heaviest load.

III-16
SELECT THE ROOF BEAMS ALONG THE SIDES OF THE MECHANICAL AREA
The beams from 3 to 4, 4 to 5, and 5 to 6 have a uniform snow load outside the screen walled area, except for the
snow drift at the parapet ends and the screen wall ends of the 45-ft joists. Inside the screen walled area the beams
support the mechanical equipment. A summary of the moments, left and right reactions, and required Ix to keep
the live load deflection to equal or less than the span divided by 240 (or 1.50 in.) is given below.
LRFD
wu =1.2 (1.35 kip/ft) +1.6(1.27 kip/ft)

= 3.65 kip/ft
Mu =
3.65 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
Ma =
= 411 kip-ft
30.0 ft
( 3.65 kip/ft )
2
= 54.8 kips
1.27 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
30.0 ft
( 2.62 kip/ft )
2
= 39.3 kips
Ra =
Ix reqd =
1,290 (1.50 in.)
= 532 in.
2.62 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
= 295 kip-ft
Ru =
Ix reqd =
ASD
wa = 1.35 kip/ft + 1.27 kip/ft2
= 2.62 kip/ft
1.27 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
1,290 (1.50 in.)
= 532 in.4
From AISC Manual Table 3-2, for Lb = 6 ft and Cb =

1.0, select W2155, which has a design flexural
kips, and an Ix of 1,140 in.4

= 1.0, select W2155, which has an allowable
flexural strength of 314 kip-ft, an allowable shear
strength of 156 kips, and an Ix of 1,140 in.4

III-17
FLOOR MEMBER DESIGN AND SELECTION
Calculate dead load and live load.

Dead Load
Slab and Deck
Beams (est.)
Misc. ( ceiling, mechanical, etc.)
Total
= 57 psf
= 8 psf
= 10 psf
= 75 psf
Note: The weight of the floor slab and deck was obtained from the manufacturers literature.
Live Load
Total (can be reduced for area per ASCE/SEI 7)
= 80 psf
The floor and deck will be 3 in. of normal weight concrete, f c = 4 ksi, on 3-in. 20 gage, galvanized, composite
deck, laid in a pattern of three or more continuous spans. The total depth of the slab is 6 in. The Steel Deck
Institute maximum unshored span for construction with this deck and a three-span condition is 10 ft 11 in. The
general layout for the floor beams is 10 ft on center; therefore, the deck does not need to be shored during
construction. At 10 ft on center, this deck has an allowable superimposed live load capacity of 143 psf. In
addition, it can be shown that this deck can carry a 2,000 pound load over an area of 2.5 ft by 2.5 ft as required by
Section 4.4 of ASCE/SEI 7. The floor diaphragm and the floor loads extend 6 in. past the centerline of grid as
shown on Sheet S4.1.

III-18
SELECT FLOOR BEAMS (composite and noncomposite)
Note: There are two early and important checks in the design of composite beams. First, select a beam that either
does not require camber, or establish a target camber and moment of inertia at the start of the design process. A
reasonable approximation of the camber is between L/300 minimum and L/180 maximum (or a maximum of 12
to 2 in.).
Second, check that the beam is strong enough to safely carry the wet concrete and a 20 psf construction live load
(per ASCE 37-05), when designed by the ASCE/SEI 7 load combinations and the provisions of Chapter F of the
AISC Specification.
SELECT TYPICAL 45-FT INTERIOR COMPOSITE BEAM (10 FT ON CENTER)
Find a target moment of inertia for an unshored beam.

Hold deflection to around 2 in. maximum to facilitate concrete placement.
wD = (0.057 kip/ft2 + 0.008 kip/ft2)(10.0 ft)
= 0.650 kip/ft
I req
0.650 kip/ft ( 45.0 ft )
1,290 ( 2.00 in.)
= 1,030 in.4
Determine the required strength to carry wet concrete and construction live load.
wDL = 0.065 kip/ft2(10.0 ft)
= 0.650 kip/ft
wLL = 0.020 kip/ft2(10.0 ft)
= 0.200 kip/ft
Determine the required flexural strength due to wet concrete only.
LRFD
ASD
wa = 0.650 kip/ft
wu = 1.4(0.650 kip/ft)
= 0.910 kip/ft
Mu =
0.910 kip/ft ( 45.0 ft )
Ma =
0.650 kip/ft ( 45.0 ft )
= 165 kip-ft
= 230 kip-ft
Determine the required flexural strength due to wet concrete and construction live load.
LRFD
ASD
wa = 0.650 kip/ft + 0.200 kip/ft
= 0.850 kip/ft
wu = 1.2(0.650 kip/ft) + 1.6(0.200 kip/ft)

= 1.10 kip/ft
Mu =
1.10 kip/ft ( 45.0 ft )
= 278 kip-ft
Ma =
8
controls
0.850 kip/ft ( 45.0 ft )
= 215 kip-ft
controls
Use AISC Manual Table 3-2 to select a beam with Ix 1,030 in.4. Select W2150, which has Ix = 984 in.4, close
to our target value, and has available flexural strengths of 413 kip-ft (LRFD) and 274 kip-ft (ASD).
III-19
Check for possible live load reduction due to area in accordance with Section 4.7.2 of ASCE/SEI 7.
For interior beams, KLL = 2
The beams are at 10.0 ft on center, therefore the area AT = ( 45.0 ft )(10.0 ft ) = 450 ft2.
Since K LL AT = 2 ( 450 ft 2 ) = 900 ft2 > 400 ft2, a reduced live load can be used.
From ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 4.7-1:
15
L = Lo 0.25 +
K LL AT
15
= 80.0 psf 0.25 +
2
900 ft
= 60.0 psf 0.50Lo = 40.0 psf

Therefore, use 60.0 psf.
The beam is continuously braced by the deck.
The beams are at 10 ft on center, therefore the loading diagram is as shown below.
Calculate the required flexural strength from Chapter 2 of ASCE/SEI 7.

LRFD
wu = 1.2(0.750 kip/ft) + 1.6(0.600 kip/ft)

= 1.86 kip/ft
Mu =
1.86 kip/ft ( 45.0 ft )
ASD
wa = 0.750 kip/ft + 0.600 kip/ft
= 1.35 kip/ft
= 471 kip-ft
Ma =
1.35 kip/ft ( 45.0 ft )
= 342 kip-ft
Assume initially a = 1.00 in.

Y2 = Ycon a / 2
= 6.00 in. 1.00 in. / 2
= 5.50 in.
Use AISC Manual Table 3-19 to check W2150 selected above. Using required strengths of
471 kip-ft (LRFD) or 342 kip-ft (ASD) and a Y2 value of 5.50 in.

III-20
LRFD
Select W2150 beam, where
ASD
PNA = Location 7 and Qn = 184 kips
PNA = Location 7 and Qn = 184 kips
bMn = 598 kip-ft > 471 kip-ft
o.k.
Mp / n = 398 kip-ft > 342 kip-ft
o.k.
Determine the effective width, beff.

Per Specification AISC Section I3.1a, the effective width of the concrete slab is the sum of the effective widths for
each side of the beam centerline, which shall not exceed:
(1) one-eighth of the span of the beam, center-to-center of supports
45.0 ft
( 2 sides ) = 11.3 ft
8
(2) one-half the distance to the centerline of the adjacent beam
10.0 ft
( 2 sides ) = 10.0 ft controls
2
(3) the distance to the edge of the slab

Not applicable
Determine the height of the compression block, a.
a=
Qn
0.85 f c b
(Manual Eq. 3-7)
184 kips
0.85 ( 4 ksi )(10.0 ft )(12 in./ft )
= 0.451 in. < 1.00 in.
o.k.
Check the W2150 end shear strength.

LRFD
ASD
45.0 ft
(1.86 kip/ft )
2
= 41.9 kips
45.0 ft
(1.35 kip/ft )
2
= 30.4 kips
Ru =
Ra =
vVn = 237 kips > 41.9 kips
o.k.
Vn / v = 158 kips > 30.4 kips
Check live load deflection.

LL = l 360 = (45.0 ft)(12 in./ft)/360 = 1.50 in.
For a W2150, from AISC Manual Table 3-20,

Y2 = 5.50 in.

o.k.
III-21
PNA Location 7
ILB = 1,730 in.4
LL =
wLL l 4
1, 290 I LB
0.600 kip/ft ( 45.0 ft )
1, 290 (1, 730 in.4 )
= 1.10 in. < 1.50 in.
o.k.
Based on AISC Design Guide 3 (West, Fisher and Griffis, 2003) limit the live load deflection, using 50% of the
(unreduced) design live load, to L / 360 with a maximum absolute value of 1.0 in. across the bay.
LL =
0.400 kip/ft ( 45.0 ft )
1, 290 (1, 730 in.4 )
= 0.735 in. < 1.00 in.
o.k.
1.00 in. 0.735 in. = 0.265 in.

Note: Limit the supporting girders to 0.265 in. deflection under the same load case at the connection point of the
beam.
Determine the required number of shear stud connectors.
From AISC Manual Table 3-21, using perpendicular deck with one w-in.-diameter stud per rib in normal weight,
4 ksi concrete, in weak position; Qn = 17.2 kips/stud.
Qn
184 kips
=
Qn
17.2 kips/stud
= 10.7 studs / side
Therefore use 22 studs.

Based on AISC Design Guide 3, limit the wet concrete deflection in a bay to L / 360, not to exceed 1.00 in.
Camber the beam for 80% of the calculated wet deflection.
DL ( wet conc ) =
0.650 kip/ft ( 45.0 ft )
1, 290 ( 984 in.4 )
= 2.10 in.
Camber = 0.80(2.10 in.)

= 1.68 in.
Round the calculated value down to the nearest 4 in; therefore, specify 1.50 in. of camber.
2.10 in. 1.50 in. = 0.600 in.
1.00 in. 0.600 in. = 0.400 in.
Note: Limit the supporting girders to 0.400 in. deflection under the same load combination at the connection point
of the beam.
III-22
SELECT TYPICAL 30-FT INTERIOR COMPOSITE (OR NONCOMPOSITE) BEAM

(10 FT ON CENTER)
Find a target moment of inertia for an unshored beam.

Hold deflection to around 1.50 in. maximum to facilitate concrete placement.
I req
0.650 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
1,290 (1.50 in.)
= 272 in.4
Determine the required strength to carry wet concrete and construction live load.
wDL = 0.065 kip/ft2(10.0 ft)
= 0.650 kip/ft
wLL = 0.020 kip/ft2(10.0 ft)
= 0.200 kip/ft
Determine the required flexural strength due to wet concrete only.

LRFD
ASD
wu = 1.4(0.650 kip/ft)
= 0.910 kip/ft
Mu =
wa = 0.650 kip/ft
0.910 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
Ma =
0.650 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
= 73.1 kip-ft
= 102 kip-ft
Determine the required flexural strength due to wet concrete and construction live load.
LRFD
wu = 1.2(0.650 kip/ft) + 1.6(0.200 kip/ft)

= 1.10 kip/ft
Mu =
1.10 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
ASD
wa = 0.650 kip/ft + 0.200 kip/ft
= 0.850 kip/ft
Ma =
= 124 kip-ft
controls
0.850 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
= 95.6 kip-ft
controls
Use AISC Manual Table 3-2 to find a beam with an Ix 272 in.4 Select W1626, which has an Ix = 301 in.4
which exceeds our target value, and has available flexural strengths of 166 kip-ft (LRFD) and 110 kip-ft (ASD).
Check for possible live load reduction due to area in accordance with Section 4.7.2 of ASCE/SEI 7.
For interior beams, KLL = 2.
The beams are at 10 ft on center, therefore the area AT = 30.0 ft 10.0 ft = 300 ft2.
Since KLLAT = 2(300 ft2) = 600 ft2 > 400 ft2, a reduced live load can be used.
From ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 4.7-1:
III-23
15
L = Lo 0.25 +
K LL AT
15
= 80.0 psf 0.25 +
600 ft 2
= 69.0 psf 0.50 Lo = 40.0 psf

The beams are at 10 ft on center, therefore the loading diagram is as shown below.
From Chapter 2 of ASCE/SEI 7, calculate the required strength.

LRFD
wu = 1.2(0.750 kip/ft) + 1.6 (0.690 kip/ft)

= 2.00 kip/ft
Mu =
2.00 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
ASD
wa = 0.750 kip/ft + 0.690 kip/ft
= 1.44 kip/ft
Ma =
= 225 kip-ft
1.44 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
= 162 kip-ft
Assume initially a = 1.00

1.00 in.
Y 2 = 6.00 in.
2
= 5.50 in.
Use AISC Manual Table 3-19 to check the W1626 selected above. Using required strengths of 225 kip-ft
(LRFD) or 162 kip-ft (ASD) and a Y2 value of 5.50 in.
LRFD
ASD
PNA Location 7 and Qn = 96.0 kips
PNA Location 7 and Qn = 96.0 kips
o.k.
Mn / n = 165 kip-ft > 162 kip-ft
o.k.

From AISC Specification Section I3.1a, the effective width of the concrete slab is the sum of the effective widths
for each side of the beam centerline, which shall not exceed:
III-24
30.0 ft
8
10.0 ft
( 2 sides ) = 10.0 ft
2

Not applicable
Determine the height of the compression block, a.
a=
Qn
0.85 f c b
(Manual Eq. 3-7)
96.0 kips
0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 7.50 ft )(12 in./ft )
= 0.314 in. < 1.00 in.
o.k.
Check the W1626 end shear strength.

LRFD
ASD
30.0 ft
Ru =
( 2.00 kip/ft )
2
= 30.0 kips
30.0 ft
Ra =
(1.44 kip/ft )
2
= 21.6 kips
o.k.
Vn / v = 70.5 kips > 21.6 kips

LL = l 360
= (30.0 ft)(12 in./ft)/360
= 1.00 in.
For a W1626, from AISC Manual Table 3-20,

Y2 = 5.50 in.
PNA Location 7
ILB = 575 in.4
LL =
wLL l 4
1, 290 I LB
0.690 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
1, 290 ( 575 in.4 )
= 0.753 in. < 1.00 in.
o.k.

o.k.
III-25
Based on AISC Design Guide 3, limit the live load deflection, using 50% of the (unreduced) design live load, to
L/360 with a maximum absolute value of 1.0 in. across the bay.
LL =
0.400 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
1, 290 ( 575 in.4 )
= 0.437 in. < 1.00 in.
o.k.
1.00 in. 0.437 in. = 0.563 in.

Note: Limit the supporting girders to 0.563 in. deflection under the same load combination at the connection point
of the beam.
Determine the required number of shear stud connectors.
From AISC Manual Table 3-21, using perpendicular deck with one w-in.-diameter stud per rib in normal weight, 4
ksi concrete, in the weak position; Qn = 17.2 kips/stud
Qn
96.0 kips
=
17.2 kips/stud
Qn
= 5.58 studs/side
Use 12 studs
Note: Per AISC Specification Section I8.2d, there is a maximum spacing limit of 8(6 in.) = 4 ft not to exceed 36
in. between studs.
Therefore use 12 studs, uniformly spaced at no more than 36 in. on center.
Note: Although the studs may be placed up to 36 in. o.c. the steel deck must still be anchored to the supporting
member at a spacing not to exceed 18 in. per AISC Specification Section I3.2c.
Based on AISC Design Guide 3, limit the wet concrete deflection in a bay to L/360, not to exceed 1.00 in.
Camber the beam for 80% of the calculated wet dead load deflection.
DL ( wet conc ) =
0.650 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
1, 290 ( 301 in.4 )
= 1.36 in.
Camber = 0.800(1.36 in.)

= 1.09 in.
Round the calculated value down to the nearest 4 in. Therefore, specify 1.00 in. of camber.
1.36 in. 1.00 in. = 0.360 in.
1.00 in. 0.360 in. = 0.640 in.
Note: Limit the supporting girders to 0.640 in. deflection under the same load combination at the connection
point of the beam.
This beam could also be designed as a noncomposite beam. Use AISC Manual Table 3-2 with previous moments
and shears:
III-26
LRFD
ASD
Select W1835
Select W1835
bMn = bMp
Mn/b = Mp/b
= 249 kip-ft > 225 kip-ft
o.k.
vVn = 159 > 30.0 kips
o.k.
Vn / v = 106 kips > 21.6 kips
o.k.
o.k.
Check beam deflections.

Check live load deflection of the W1835 with an Ix = 510 in.4, from AISC Manual Table 3-2.
LL =
0.690 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
1, 290 ( 510 in.4 )
= 0.850 in. < 1.00 in.
o.k.
Based on AISC Design Guide 3, limit the live load deflection, using 50% of the (unreduced) design live load,
to L/360 with a maximum absolute value of 1.0 in. across the bay.
4
0.400 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
LL =
1, 290 ( 510 in.4 )
= 0.492 in. < 1.00 in.
o.k.
1.00 in. 0.492 in. = 0.508 in.

Note: Limit the supporting girders to 0.508 in. deflection under the same load combination at the connection
point of the beam.
Note: Because this beam is stronger than the W1626 composite beam, no wet concrete strength
checks are required in this example.
DL ( wet conc ) =
0.650 kip/ft ( 30.0 ft )
1, 290 ( 510 in.4 )
= 0.800 in. < 1.50 in.
o.k.
Camber = 0.800(0.800 in.) = 0.640 in. < 0.750 in.

A good break point to eliminate camber is w in.; therefore, do not specify a camber for this beam.
1.00 in. 0.800 in. = 0.200 in.
Note: Limit the supporting girders to 0.200 in. deflection under the same load case at the connection point of the
beam.

III-27
Therefore, selecting a W1835 will eliminate both shear studs and cambering. The cost of the extra steel weight
may be offset by the elimination of studs and cambering. Local labor and material costs should be checked to
make this determination.

III-28
SELECT TYPICAL NORTH-SOUTH EDGE BEAM
The influence area (KLLAT) for these beams is less than 400 ft2, therefore no live load reduction can be taken.
These beams carry 5.50 ft of dead load and live load as well as a wall load.
The floor dead load is:
w = 5.50 ft(0.075 kips/ft2)
= 0.413 kip/ft
Use 65 psf for the initial dead load.

wD(initial) = 5.50 ft(0.065 kips/ft2)
= 0.358 kips/ft
Use 10 psf for the superimposed dead load.

wD(super) = 5.50 ft(0.010 kips/ft2)
= 0.055 kips/ft
The dead load of the wall system at the floor is:

w = 7.50 ft ( 0.055 kip / ft 2 ) + 6.00 ft ( 0.015 kip / ft 2 )
= 0.413 kip/ft + 0.090 kip/ft

= 0.503 kip/ft
The total dead load is wDL = 0.413 kip/ft + 0.503 kip/ft
= 0.916 kip/ft
The live load is wLL = 5.5 ft(0.080 kip/ft2)
= 0.440 kip/ft
The loading diagram is as follows.
Calculate the required strengths from Chapter 2 of ASCE/SEI 7.

LRFD
ASD
wu = 1.2(0.916 kip/ft) + 1.6 (0.440 kip/ft)

= 1.80 kip/ft
Mu =
1.80 kip/ft ( 22.5 ft )

8
wa = 0.916 kip/ft + 0.440 kip/ft

= 1.36 kip/ft
Ma =
1.36 kip/ft ( 22.5 ft )

8

III-29
= 86.1 kip-ft
22.5 ft
Ra =
(1.36 kip/ft )
2
= 15.3 kips
= 114 kip-ft
22.5 ft
Ru =
(1.80 kip/ft )
2
= 20.3 kips
Because these beams are less than 25 ft long, they will be most efficient as noncomposite beams. The beams at the
edges of the building carry a brick spandrel panel. For these beams, the cladding weight exceeds 25% of the total
dead load on the beam. Therefore, per AISC Design Guide 3, limit the vertical deflection due to cladding and
initial dead load to L/600 or a in. maximum. In addition, because these beams are supporting brick above and
there is continuous glass below, limit the superimposed dead and live load deflection to L/600 or 0.3 in. max to
accommodate the brick and L/360 or 0.25 in. max to accommodate the glass. Therefore, combining the two
limitations, limit the superimposed dead and live load deflection to L/600 or 0.25 in. The superimposed dead load
includes all of the dead load that is applied after the cladding has been installed. Note that it is typically not
recommended to camber beams supporting spandrel panels.
Calculate minimum Ix to limit the superimposed dead and live load deflection to 4 in.
Ireq =
0.495 kip/ft ( 22.5 ft )
1,290 (4 in.)
= 393 in.4 controls

Calculate minimum Ix to limit the cladding and initial dead load deflection to a in.
Ireq =
0.861 kip/ft ( 22.5 ft )
1,290 ( a in.)
= 456 in.4
Select beam from AISC Manual Table 3-2.
LRFD
ASD
Select W1835 with Ix = 510 in.4
Select W1835 with Ix = 510 in.4
bMn = bMp
o.k.
Mn / b = Mp / b
= 166 kip-ft > 86.1 kip-ft
o.k.
vVn = 159 > 20.3 kips
o.k.
Vn / v = 106 kips > 15.3 kips
o.k.

III-30
SELECT TYPICAL EAST-WEST SIDE GIRDER
The beams along the sides of the building carry the spandrel panel and glass, and dead load and live load from the
intermediate floor beams. For these beams, the cladding weight exceeds 25% of the total dead load on the beam.
Therefore, per AISC Design Guide 3, limit the vertical deflection due to cladding and initial dead load to L/600 or
a in. maximum. In addition, because these beams are supporting brick above and there is continuous glass below,
limit the superimposed dead and live load deflection to L/600 or 0.3 in. max to accommodate the brick and L/360
or 0.25 in. max to accommodate the glass. Therefore, combining the two limitations, limit the superimposed dead
and live load deflection to L/600 or 0.25 in. The superimposed dead load includes all of the dead load that is
applied after the cladding has been installed. These beams will be part of the moment frames on the North and
South sides of the building and therefore will be designed as fixed at both ends.
Establish the loading.
The dead load reaction from the floor beams is:
PD = 0.750 kip/ft(45.0 ft / 2)
= 16.9 kips
PD(initial) = 0.650 kip/ft(45.0 ft / 2)
= 14.6 kips
PD(super) = 0.100 kip/ft(45.0 ft / 2)
= 2.25 kips
The uniform dead load along the beam is:

wD = 0.500 ft(0.075 kip/ft2) + 0.503 kip/ft
= 0.541 kip/ft
wD(initial) = 0.500 ft(0.065 kip/ft2)
= 0.033 kip/ft
wD(super) = 0.500 ft(0.010 kip/ft2)
= 0.005 kip/ft
Select typical 30-ft composite (or noncomposite) girders.

Check for possible live load reduction in accordance with Section 4.7.2 of ASCE/SEI 7.
For edge beams with cantilevered slabs, KLL = 1, per ASCE/SEI 7, Table 4-2. However, it is also permissible to
calculate the value of KLL based upon influence area. Because the cantilever dimension is small, KLL will be closer
to 2 than 1. The calculated value of KLL based upon the influence area is
KLL =
( 45.5 ft )( 30.0 ft )
45.0 ft
+ 0.500 ft ( 30.0 ft )
= 1.98
The area AT = (30.0 ft)(22.5 ft + 0.500 ft) = 690 ft2

Using Equation 4.7-1 of ASCE/SEI 7

III-31
15
L = Lo 0.25 +
K LL AT
15
= 80.0 psf 0.25 +
2
(1.98 ) ( 690 ft )
= 52.5 psf 0.50 Lo = 40.0 psf

The live load from the floor beams is PLL = 0.525 kip/ft(45.0 ft / 2)
= 11.8 kips
The uniform live load along the beam is wLL = 0.500 ft(0.0525 kip/ft2)
= 0.026 kip/ft
The loading diagram is shown below.
A summary of the moments, reactions and required moments of inertia, determined from a structural analysis of
a fixed-end beam, is as follows:
Calculate the required strengths and select the beams for the floor side beams.
LRFD
ASD
Typical side beam
Typical side beam
Ru = 49.5 kips
Mu at ends =313 kip-ft
Mu at ctr. =156 kip-ft
Ra = 37.2 kips
Ma at ends = 234 kip-ft
Ma at ctr. = 117 kip-ft
The maximum moment occurs at the support with compression in the bottom flange. The bottom laterally braced
at 10 ft o.c. by the intermediate beams.
Note: During concrete placement, because the deck is parallel to the beam, the beam will not have continuous
lateral support. It will be braced at 10 ft o.c. by the intermediate beams. By inspection, this condition will not
control because the maximum moment under full loading causes compression in the bottom flange, which is
braced at 10 ft o.c.
LRFD
ASD
Calculate Cb = for compression in the bottom flange

Calculate Cb = for compression in the bottom flange


III-32
LRFD
ASD
Cb = 2.21 (from computer output)
Select W2144
Select W2144
With continuous bracing, from AISC Manual Table

3-2,
With continuous bracing, from AISC Manual Table

3-2,
bMn = bMp
Mn / b = Mp / b
o.k.
o.k.
For Lb = 10 ft and Cb = 2.21, from AISC Manual

Table 3-10,
For Lb = 10 ft and Cb = 2.22, from AISC Manual

Table 3-10,
M n = ( 265 kip-ft )( 2.21)
M n = (176 kip-ft )( 2.22 )

= 391 kip-ft
= 586 kip-ft
According to AISC Specification Section F2.2, the

nominal flexural strength is limited Mp, therefore
bMn = bMp = 358 kip-ft.
According to AISC Specification Section F2.2, the

nominal flexural strength is limited Mp, therefore
Mn/b = Mp/b = 238 kip-ft.
358 kip-ft > 313 kip-ft
238 kip-ft > 234 kip-ft
o.k.
o.k.

design shear strength of 217 kips. From Table 1-1, Ix
= 843 in.4

allowable shear strength of 145 kips. From Table 11, Ix = 843 in.4
Check deflection due to cladding and initial dead

load.
Check deflection due to cladding and initial dead

load.
= 0.295 in. < a in.
= 0.295 in. < a in.
o.k.
o.k.
Check deflection due to superimposed dead and live

loads.
Check deflection due to superimposed dead and live

loads.
= 0.212 in. < 0.250 in.
= 0.212 in. < 0.250 in.
o.k.
o.k.
Note that both of the deflection criteria stated previously for the girder and for the locations on the girder where
the floor beams are supported have also been met.
Also noted previously, it is not typically recommended to camber beams supporting spandrel panels. The
W2144 is adequate for strength and deflection, but may be increased in size to help with moment frame strength
or drift control.

III-33
SELECT TYPICAL EAST-WEST INTERIOR GIRDER
Establish loads
The dead load reaction from the floor beams is

PDL = 0.750 kip/ft(45.0 ft + 30.0 ft)/2
= 28.1 kips
Check for live load reduction due to area in accordance with Section 4.7.2 of ASCE/SEI 7.
For interior beams, KLL = 2
The area AT = ( 30.0 ft )( 37.5 ft ) = 1,130 ft2
Using ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 4.7-1:
15
L = Lo 0.25 +
K LL AT
15
= 80.0 psf 0.25 +
2
( 2 ) (1,130 ft )
= 45.2 psf 0.50 Lo = 40.0 psf

The live load from the floor beams is PLL = 0.0452 kip/ft2(10.0 ft)(37.5 ft)
= 17.0 kips
Note: The dead load for this beam is included in the assumed overall dead load.
A summary of the simple moments and reactions is shown below:
Calculate the required strengths and select the size for the interior beams.
LRFD
ASD
Typical interior beam
Ru = 60.9 kips
Mu = 609 kip-ft
Ra = 45.1 kips
Ma = 451 kip-ft
Check for beam requirements when carrying wet concrete.

III-34
Note: During concrete placement, because the deck is parallel to the beam, the beam will not have continuous
lateral support. It will be braced at 10 ft on center by the intermediate beams. Also, during concrete placement,
a construction live load of 20 psf will be present. This load pattern and a summary of the moments, reactions,
and deflection requirements is shown below. Limit wet concrete deflection to 1.5 in.
LRFD
ASD
Typical interior beam with wet concrete only
Typical interior beam with wet concrete only
Ru = 34.2 kips
Mu = 342 kip-ft
Ra = 24.4 kips
Ma = 244 kip-ft
Assume Ix 935 in.4, where 935 in.4 is determined based on a wet concrete deflection of 1.5 in.
LRFD
ASD
Typical interior beam with wet concrete and

construction load
Typical interior beam with wet concrete and

construction load
Ru = 41.3 kips
Mu (midspan) = 413 kip-ft
Ra = 31.9 kips
Ma (midspan) = 319 kip-ft
Select a beam with an unbraced length of 10.0 ft and

a conservative Cb = 1.0.
Select a beam with an unbraced length of 10.0 ft and

a conservative Cb = 1.0.
From AISC Manual Tables 3-2 and 3-10, select a

W2168, which has a design flexural strength of 532
kip-ft, a design shear strength of 272 kips, and from
Table 1-1, an Ix of 1,480 in.4
From AISC Manual Tables 3-2 and 3-10, select a

W2168, which has an allowable flexural strength of
354 kip-ft, an allowable shear strength of 181 kips,
and from Table 1-1 an Ix of 1,480 in.4
bMp = 532 kip-ft > 413 kip-ft
Mp / b = 354 kip-ft > 319 kip-ft
o.k.
o.k.
Check W2168 as a composite beam.

From previous calculations:
LRFD
ASD
Typical interior Beam
Ru = 60.9 kips
Mu (midspan) = 609 kip-ft
Ra = 45.1 kips
Ma (midspan) = 451 kip-ft
Y2 (from previous calculations, assuming an initial a = 1.00 in.) = 5.50 in.
Using AISC Manual Table 3-19, check a W2168, using required flexural strengths of 609 kip-ft (LRFD) and
451 kip-ft (ASD) and Y2 value of 5.5 in.
III-35
LRFD
ASD
Select a W2168
Select a W2168
At PNA Location 7, Qn = 250 kips
At PNA Location 7, Qn = 250 kips
o.k.
Mn / b = 561 kip-ft > 461 kip-ft
o.k.
24.4 kips ( 30.0 ft ) (12 in./ft )
3
DL ( wet conc ) =
28 ( 29, 000 ksi ) (1, 480 in.4 )
= 0.947 in.
Camber = 0.80(0.947 in.)

= 0.758 in.
Round the calculated value down to the nearest 4 in. Therefore, specify w in. of camber.
0.947 in. w in. = 0.197 in. < 0.200 in.
Therefore, the total deflection limit of 1.00 in. for the bay has been met.
Per AISC Specification Section I3.1a, the effective width of the concrete slab is the sum of the effective widths
for each side of the beam centerline, which shall not exceed:
30.0 ft
8

45.0 ft 30.0 ft
+
= 37.5 ft
2
2

Not applicable.
Determine the height of the compression block.
a=
Qn
0.85 f c b
250 kips
0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 7.50 ft )(12 in./ft )
= 0.817 in. < 1.00 in.
o.k.

III-36
Check end shear strength.

LRFD
ASD
Ru = 60.9 kips
Ra = 45.1 kips

o.k.

Vn / v = 181 kips > 45.1 kips
o.k.

LL = l 360 = (30.0 ft)(12 in./ft)/360 = 1.00 in.

W2168: Y2 = 5.50 in., PNA Location 7
ILB = 2,510 in.4

LL =
Pl 3
28 EI LB
17.0 kips ( 30.0 ft ) (12 in./ft )

3
28 ( 29, 000 ksi ) ( 2,510 in.4 )
= 0.389 in. < 1.00 in.
o.k.
Based on AISC Design Guide 3, limit the live load deflection, using 50% of the (unreduced) design live load,
to L/360 with a maximum absolute value of 1.00 in. across the bay.
The maximum deflection is,
15.0 kips ( 30.0 ft ) (12 in./ft )
3
LL =
28 ( 29, 000 ksi ) ( 2,510 in.4 )
= 0.343 in. < 1.00 in. o.k.

Check the deflection at the location where the floor beams are supported.
LL =
15.0 kips (120 in.)
3 ( 360 in.)(120 in.) 4 (120 in.)2
6 ( 29, 000 ksi ) ( 2,510 in.4 )
= 0.297 in. > 0.265 in. o.k.

Therefore, the total deflection in the bay is 0.297 in. + 0.735 in. = 1.03 in., which is acceptably close to the
limit of 1.00 in, where LL = 0.735 in. is from the 45 ft interior composite beam running north-south.
Determine the required shear stud connectors.
Using Manual Table 3-21, for parallel deck with, wr / hr > 1.5, one w-in.-diameter stud in normal weight, 4-ksi
concrete and Qn = 21.5 kips/stud.
Qn
250 kips
=
21.5 kips/stud
Qn
= 11.6 studs/side

III-37
Therefore, use a minimum 24 studs for horizontal shear.

Per AISC Specification Section I8.2d, the maximum stud spacing is 36 in.
Since the load is concentrated at 3 points, the studs are to be arranged as follows:
Use 12 studs between supports and supported beams at 3 points. Between supported beams (middle 3 of span),
use 4 studs to satisfy minimum spacing requirements.
Thus, 28 studs are required in a 12:4:12 arrangement.
Notes: Although the studs may be placed up to 3'-0" o.c. the steel deck must still be anchored to be the supporting
member at a spacing not to exceed 18 in. in accordance with AISC Specification Section I3.2c.
This W2168 beam, with full lateral support, is very close to having sufficient available strength to support the
imposed loads without composite action. A larger noncomposite beam might be a better solution.

III-38
COLUMN DESIGN AND SELECTION FOR GRAVITY COLUMNS
Estimate column loads
Roof
(from previous calculations)

Dead Load
Live (Snow)
Total
20 psf
25 psf
45 psf
Snow drift loads at the perimeter of the roof and at the mechanical screen wall from previous calculations
Reaction to column (side parapet):
w = (3.73 kips / 6.00 ft) (0.025 ksf)(23.0 ft) = 0.0467 kip/ft
Reaction to column (end parapet):

Reaction to column (screen wall along lines C & D):

Mechanical equipment and screen wall (average):

w = 40 psf

III-39
Column
2A, 2F, 3A, 3F, 4A, 4F

5A, 5F, 6A, 6F, 7A, 7F
snow drifting side
exterior wall
1B, 1E, 8B, 8E
snow drifting end
exterior wall
1A, 1F, 8A, 8F
Loading
Width Length
ft
ft
23.0
PD
SL
PS
ft2
kip/ft2
kips
kip/ft2
kips
690
0.020
13.8
30.0
30.0
3.50
23.0
snow drifting end

snow drifting side
exterior wall
1C, 1D, 8C, 8D
30.0
DL
Area
22.5
22.5
22.5
15.5
snow-drifting end
exterior wall
15.5
17.3
0.0467 klf 1.40

0.413 klf 12.4
26.2
78.8
0.020
1.58
18.7
0.025
1.97
0.0418 klf 0.941
0.413 klf 9.29

10.9
357
0.020
(78.8 ft 2 )
2
= 318
11.8
15.5
27.3
37.5
0.025
6.36
2.91
0.025
7.95
0.0418 klf 0.493

0.0467 klf 0.724
0.413 klf 11.3
17.7
581
0.020
(78.8 ft 2 )
2
= 542
26.3
26.3
10.8
9.17
0.025
13.6
0.0418 klf 1.10

0.413 klf 10.9
21.7
14.7
2C, 2D, 7C, 7D
37.5
30.0
1,125
0.020
22.5
0.025
28.1
3C, 3D, 4C, 4D

5C, 5D, 6C, 6D
snow-drifting
mechanical area
22.5
30.0
675
0.020
13.5
0.025
16.9
15.0
30.0
30.0
450
0.060
27.0
40.5
0.108 klf
0.040 klf
3.24
18.0
38.1

III-40
Floor Loads (from previous calculations)
Dead load
Live load
Total load
75 psf
80 psf
155 psf
Calculate reduction in live loads, analyzed at the base of three floors using Section 4.7.2 of ASCE/SEI 7.
Note: The 6-in. cantilever of the floor slab has been ignored for the calculation of KLL for columns in this building
because it has a negligible effect.
Columns:
2A, 2F, 3A, 3F, 4A, 4F, 5A, 5F, 6A, 6F, 7A, 7F
Exterior column without cantilever slabs
KLL = 4
Lo = 80.0 psf
n=3
AT = ( 23.0 ft )( 30.0 ft )
= 690 ft 2
Using ASCE/SEI 7 Equation 4.7-1
15
L = Lo 0.25 +
K LL nAT
15
= 80.0 psf 0.25+
4 )( 3) ( 690 ft 2 )
(
= 33.2 psf 0.4 Lo = 32.0 psf

Use L = 33.2 psf.
Columns:
1B, 1E, 8B, 8E

KLL = 4
Lo = 80.0 psf
n=3
AT = ( 5.50 ft )( 22.5 ft )
= 124 ft 2
15
L = Lo 0.25 +
K LL nAT
15
= 80.0 psf 0.25+
2
( 4 )( 3) (124 ft )
= 51.1 psf 0.4 Lo = 32.0 psf

Use L = 51.1 psf
Columns:
KLL = 4
1A, 1F, 8A, 8F

Corner column without cantilever slabs
Lo = 80.0 psf
n=3

III-41
AT = (15.5 ft )( 23.0 ft ) (124 ft 2 / 2 )
= 295 ft 2
15
L = Lo 0.25 +
0.4 Lo
K LL nAT
15
0.4 ( 80.0 psf )
= 80.0 psf 0.25+
2
( 4 )( 3) ( 295 ft )
= 40.2 psf 32.0 psf
Use L = 40.2 psf.

Columns:
1C, 1D, 8C, 8D

KLL = 4
Lo = 80.0 psf
n=3
AT = (15.5 ft )( 37.5 ft ) (124 ft 2 / 2 )
= 519 ft 2
15
L = Lo 0.25 +
0.4 Lo
K LL nAT
15
0.4 ( 80.0 psf )
= 80.0 psf 0.25+
2
( 4 )( 3) ( 519 ft )
= 35.2 psf 32.0 psf

Use L = 35.2 psf.
Columns:
2C, 2D, 3C, 3D, 4C, 4D, 5C, 5D, 6C, 6D, 7C, 7D
Interior column
KLL = 4
Lo = 80.0 psf
n=3
AT = ( 37.5 ft )( 30.0 ft )
= 1,125 ft 2
15
L = Lo 0.25 +
K LL nAT
0.4 Lo
15
0.4 ( 80.0 psf )

= 80.0 psf 0.25+
2
4
3
1,125
ft
( )( ) (
)
= 30.3 psf 32.0 psf

Use L= 32.0 psf.

III-42
Column
2A, 2F, 3A, 3F, 4A, 4F

5A, 5F, 6A, 6F, 7A, 7F
exterior wall
1B, 1E, 8B, 8E
exterior wall
1A, 1F, 8A, 8F
Loading
Width Length
ft
ft
23.0
5.50
23.0
22.5
22.5
15.5
27.3
37.5
exterior wall
2C, 2D, 3C, 3D, 4C, 4D

5C, 5D, 6C, 6D, 7C, 7D
DL
PD
LL
kip/ft2
kips
kip/ft2
690
0.075
51.8
0.0332 22.9
0.503 klf
15.1
66.9
22.9
30.0
exterior wall
1C, 1D, 8C, 8D
30.0
Tributary
Area
ft2
15.5
26.3
37.5
30.0
124
0.075
0.503 klf
357
0.075
2
(124 in. )
2
= 295
0.503 klf
581
0.075
2
124
in.
(
)
2
= 519
0.503 klf
1,125
0.075

PL
kips
9.30
11.3
20.6
0.0511 6.34
22.1
0.0402 11.9
13.7
35.8
11.9
38.9
0.0352 18.3
6.34
13.2
52.1
18.3
84.4
0.0320 36.0
III-43
Column load summary
Column
Floor
PD
PL
kips
kips
2A, 2F, 3A, 3F, 4A, 4F

5A, 5F, 6A, 6F, 7A, 7F
Roof
4th
3rd
2nd
Total
26.2
66.9
66.9
66.9
227
18.7
22.9
22.9
22.9
87.4
1B, 1E, 8B, 8E
Roof
4th
3rd
2nd
Total
10.9
20.6
20.6
20.6
72.7
2.91
6.34
6.34
6.34
21.9
1A, 1F, 8A, 8F
Roof
4th
3rd
2nd
Total
17.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
125
9.14
11.9
11.9
11.9
44.8
1C, 1D, 8C, 8D
Roof
4th
3rd
2nd
Total
21.7
52.1
52.1
52.1
178
14.6
18.3
18.3
18.3
69.5
2C, 2D, 7C, 7D
Roof
4th
3rd
2nd
Total
22.5
84.4
84.4
84.4
276
28.1
36.0
36.0
36.0
136
3C, 3D, 4C, 4D

5C, 5D, 6C, 6D
Roof
4th
3rd
2nd
Total
40.5
84.4
84.4
84.4
294
38.1
36.0
36.0
36.0
146

III-44
SELECT TYPICAL INTERIOR LEANING COLUMNS
Columns: 3C, 3D, 4C, 4D, 5C, 5D, 6C, 6D
Elevation of second floor slab:

Elevation of first floor slab:
Column unbraced length:
113.5 ft
100 ft
KxLx = KyLy = 13.5 ft
From ASCE/SEI 7, determine the required strength,

LRFD
ASD
Pu = 1.2(294 kips) + 1.6(3)(36.0 kips)

+ 0.5(38.1 kips)
= 545 kips
Pa = 294 kips + 0.75(3)(36.0 kips) + 0.75(38.1 kips)

= 404 kips
Using AISC Manual Table 4-1, enter with the effective length of 13.5 ft, and proceed across the table until
reaching the lightest size that has sufficient available strength at the required unbraced length.
LRFD
ASD
W1265
W1265
cPn = 696 kips > 545 kips
o.k.
Pn / c = 463 kips > 404 kips
o.k.
W1468
W1468
o.k.
Pn / c = 436 kips > 404 kips
o.k.
Columns: 2C, 2D, 7C, 7D
Elevation of second floor slab: 113.5 ft

Elevation of first floor slab: 100.0 ft
LRFD
ASD
Pu = 1.2(276 kips) + 1.6(3)(36.0 kips)

+ 0.5(28.1 kips)
= 518 kips
Pa = 276 kips + 0.75(3)(36.0 kips) + 0.75(28.1 kips)

= 378 kips
LRFD
ASD
W1265
W1265
o.k.
o.k.
W1461
W1461
Pn / c = 463 kips > 378 kips
o.k.
Pn / c = 389 kips > 378 kips

o.k.
III-45
SELECT TYPICAL EXTERIOR LEANING COLUMNS
Columns: 1B, 1E, 8B, 8E
Elevation of second floor slab: 113.5 ft

Elevation of first floor slab: 100.0 ft
LRFD
ASD
Pu = 1.2(72.7 kips) + 1.6(3)(6.34 kips)

+ 0.5(2.91 kips)
= 119 kips
Pa = 72.7 kips + 0.75(3)(6.34 kips) + 0.75(2.91 kips)

= 89.1 kips
LRFD
ASD
W1240
W1240
o.k.
Pn / c = 210 kips > 89.1 kips
Note: A 12 in. column was selected above for ease of erection of framing beams.
(Bolted double-angle connections can be used without bolt staggering.)

o.k.
III-46
WIND LOAD DETERMINATION
Use the Envelope Procedure for simple diaphragm buildings from ASCE/SEI 7, Chapter 28, Part 2.
To qualify for the simplified wind load method for low-rise buildings, per ASCE/SEI 7, Section 26.2, the
following must be true.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Simple diaphragm building o.k.

Low-rise building <= 60 ft o.k.
Enclosed o.k.
Regular-shaped o.k.
Not a flexible building o.k.
Does not have response characteristics requiring special considerations o.k.
Symmetrical shape o.k.
Torsional load cases from ASCE/SEI 7, Figure 28.4-1 do not control design of MWFRS o.k.
Define input parameters
1.
Risk category:
II from ASCE/SEI 7, Table 1.5-1
2.
Basic wind speed V: 115 mph (3-s) from ASCE/SEI 7, Figure 26.5-1A
3.
Exposure category:
4.
Topographic factor, Kzt : 1.0 from ASCE/SEI 7, Section 26.8.2
5.
Mean roof height:
6.
Height and exposure adjustment, : 1.59 from ASCE/SEI 7, Figure 28.6-1
7.
Roof angle: 0
C from ASCE/SEI 7, Section 26.7.3
55' - 0"
ps = Kzt ps30
= (1.59)(1.0)(21.0 psf) = 33.4 psf
= (1.59)(1.0)(13.9 psf) = 22.1 psf
= (1.59)(1.0)(-25.2 psf) = -40.1 psf
= (1.59)(1.0)(-14.3 psf) = -22.7 psf
= (1.59)(1.0)(-17.5 psf) = -27.8 psf
= (1.59)(1.0)(-11.1 psf) = -17.6 psf
(ASCE 7 Eq. 28.6-7)

Horizontal pressure zone A
Horizontal pressure zone C
Vertical pressure zone E
Vertical pressure zone F
Vertical pressure zone G
Vertical pressure zone H
a = 10% of least horizontal dimension or 0.4h, whichever is smaller, but not less than either 4% of least
horizontal dimension or 3 ft
a = the lesser of:
10% of least horizontal dimension

40% of eave height
12.3 ft
22.0 ft
but not less than
4% of least horizontal dimension or 3 ft
4.92 ft
a = 12.3 ft
2a = 24.6 ft
Zone A End zone of wall (width = 2a)

Zone C Interior zone of wall
Zone E End zone of windward roof (width = 2a)
Zone F End zone of leeward roof (width = 2a)

III-47
Zone G Interior zone of windward roof

Zone H Interior zone of leeward roof
Calculate load to roof diaphragm
Mechanical screen wall height:
6 ft
Wall height:
2 55.0 ft 3 (13.5 ft ) = 7.25 ft
Parapet wall height:
2 ft
Total wall height at roof at screen wall:
6 ft + 7.25 ft = 13.3 ft
Total wall height at roof at parapet:
2 ft + 7.25 ft = 9.25 ft
Calculate load to fourth floor diaphragm
Wall height:
2 (55.0 ft 40.5 ft) = 7.25 ft

2 (40.5 ft 27.0 ft) = 6.75 ft
Total wall height at floor:
6.75 ft + 7.25 ft = 14.0 ft
Calculate load to third floor diaphragm
Wall height:
2 (40.5 ft 27.0 ft) = 6.75 ft

2 (27.0 ft 13.5 ft) = 6.75 ft
6.75 ft + 6.75 ft = 13.5 ft
Calculate load to second floor diaphragm
Wall height:
2 (27.0 ft 13.5 ft) = 6.75 ft

2 (13.5 ft 0.0 ft) = 6.75 ft
6.75 ft + 6.75 ft = 13.5 ft
Total load to diaphragm:
ws(A) = (33.4 psf)(9.25 ft) = 309 plf
Load to diaphragm at roof:
ws(C) = (22.1 psf)(9.25 ft) = 204 plf at parapet

ws(C) = (22.1 psf)(13.3 ft) = 294 plf at screenwall
Load to diaphragm at fourth floor:
ws(A) = (33.4 psf)(14.0 ft) = 468 plf

ws(C) = (22.1 psf)(14.0 ft) = 309 plf
Load to diaphragm at second and third:

floors
ws(A) = (33.4 psf)(13.5 ft) = 451 plf

ws(C) = (22.1 psf)(13.5 ft) = 298 plf

III-48
l = length of structure, ft
b = width of structure, ft
h = height of wall at building element, ft
Determine the wind load to each frame at each level. Conservatively apply the end zone pressures on both ends
of the building simultaneously.
Wind from a north or south direction:
Total load to each frame:
PW ( n s ) = ws ( A) ( 2a ) + ws (C ) ( l 2 2a )
Shear in diaphragm:
v( n s ) = PW ( n s ) 120 ft for roof

v( n s ) = PW ( n s ) 90 ft for floors (deduction for stair openings)
Wind from an east or west direction:

Total load to each frame:
PW ( e w) = ws ( A) ( 2a ) + ws ( C ) ( b 2 2a )
Shear in diaphragm:
v( e w) = PW ( e w) 210 ft for roof and floors
l
ft
Screen 93.0
Roof
120
4th
213
3rd
213
2nd
213
Base of Frame
b
ft
33.0
90.0
123
123
123
2a
ft
0
24.6
24.6
24.6
24.6
h
ft
13.3
9.25
14.0
13.5
13.5
ps(A)
psf
0
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.4
ps(C)
psf
22.1
22.1
22.1
22.1
22.1
ws(A)
plf
0
309
468
451
451
ws(C)
plf
294
204
309
298
298
PW(n-s)
kips
13.7
14.8
36.8
35.5
35.5
136
PW(e-w)
kips
4.85
11.8
22.9
22.1
22.1
83.8
v(n-s)
plf
238
409
394
394
v(e-w)
plf
79
109
105
105
Note: The table above indicates the total wind load in each direction acting on a steel frame at each level. The
wind load at the ground level has not been included in the chart because it does not affect the steel frame.

III-49
SEISMIC LOAD DETERMINATION
The floor plan area: 120 ft, column center line to column center line, by 210 ft, column centerline to column
center line, with the edge of floor slab or roof deck 6 in. beyond the column center line.
Area = (121 ft)(211 ft)
= 25,500 ft2
The perimeter cladding system length:
Length = (2)(123 ft) + (2)(213 ft)
= 672 ft
The perimeter cladding weight at floors:
Brick spandrel panel with metal stud backup
Window wall system
Total
(7.50 ft)(0.055 ksf) = 0.413 klf

(6.00 ft)(0.015 ksf) = 0.090 klf
0.503 klf
Typical roof dead load (from previous calculations):

Although 40 psf was used to account for the mechanical units and screen wall for the beam and column design,
the entire mechanical area will not be uniformly loaded. Use 30% of the uniform 40 psf mechanical area load to
determine the total weight of all of the mechanical equipment and screen wall for the seismic load determination.
Roof Area = (25,500 ft2)(0.020 ksf) =
Wall perimeter = (672 ft)(0.413 klf) =
Mechanical Area = (2,700 ft2)(0.300)(0.040 ksf) =
Total
510 kips
278 kips
32.4 kips
820 kips
Typical third and fourth floor dead load:

Note: An additional 10 psf has been added to the floor dead load to account for partitions per Section 12.7.2.2 of
ASCE/SEI 7.
Floor Area = (25,500 ft2)(0.085 ksf) =
Total
2,170 kips
338 kips
2,510 kips
Second floor dead load: the floor area is reduced because of the open atrium
Floor Area = (24,700 ft2)(0.085 ksf) =
Total
Total dead load of the building:
Roof
Fourth floor
Third floor
Second floor
Total
2,100 kips
338 kips
2,440 kips
820 kips
2,510 kips
2,510 kips
2,440 kips
8,280 kips

III-50
Calculate the seismic forces.

Determine the seismic risk category and importance factors.
Office Building: Risk Category II from ASCE/SEI 7 Table 1.5-1
Seismic Importance Factor: Ie = 1.00 from ASCE/SEI 7 Table 1.5-2
The site coefficients are given in this example. SS and S1 can also be determined from ASCE/SEI 7, Figures 22-1 and
22-2, respectively.
SS = 0.121g
S1 = 0.060g
Soil, site class D (given)
Fa @ SS M 0.25 = 1.6 from ASCE/SEI 7, Table 11.4-1
Fv @ S1 M 0.1 = 2.4 from ASCE/SEI 7, Table 11.4-2
Determine the maximum considered earthquake accelerations.
SMS = Fa SS = (1.6)(0.121g) = 0.194g from ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 11.4-1
SM1 = Fv S1 = (2.4)(0.060g) = 0.144g from ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 11.4-2
Determine the design earthquake accelerations.
SDS = q SMS = q (0.194g) = 0.129g from ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 11.4-3
SD1 = q SM1 = q (0.144g) = 0.096g from ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 11.4-4
Determine the seismic design category.
SDS < 0.167g, Seismic Risk Category II:
Seismic Design Category: A from ASCE/SEI 7, Table 11.6-1
0.067g M SD1 < 0.133g, Seismic Risk Category II: Seismic Design Category: B from ASCE/SEI 7, Table 11.6-2
Select the seismic force resisting system.
Seismic Design Category B may be used and it is therefore permissible to select a structural steel system not
specifically detailed for seismic resistance, for which the seismic response modification coefficient, R = 3
Determine the approximate fundamental period.
Building Height, hn = 55.0 ft
Ct = 0.02:
x = 0.75 from ASCE/SEI 7, Table 12.8-2
Ta = Ct (hn)x = (0.02)(55.0 ft)0.75 = 0.404 sec from ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 12.8-7

Determine the redundancy factor from ASCE/SEI 7, Section 12.3.4.1.
= 1.0 because the Seismic Design Category = B

III-51
Determine the vertical seismic effect term.

Ev = 0.2SDSD
= 0.2(0.129g)D
= 0.0258D
(ASCE 7 Eq. 12.4-4)
The following seismic load combinations are as specified in ASCE/SEI 7, Section 12.4.2.3.
LRFD
ASD
1.0
+
0.14
S
D
+
H
+
F
+
0.7
QE
(
DS )
(1.2 + 0.2S DS ) D + QE + L + 0.2S

= 1.2 + 0.2 ( 0.129 ) D + 1.0QE + L + 0.2S
= 1.0 + 0.14 ( 0.129 ) D + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.7 (1.0 ) QE
= 1.23D + 1.0QE + L + 0.2 S
= 1.02 D + 0.7QE
( 0.9 0.2S DS ) D + QE + 1.6 H

= 0.9 0.2 ( 0.129 ) D + 1.0QE + 0.0
(1.0 + 0.10S DS ) D + H + F + 0.525QE + 0.75L + 0.75 ( Lr or S or R )

= 1.0 + 0.10 ( 0.129 ) D + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.525 (1.0 ) QE + 0.75 L + 0.75S
= 0.874 D + 1.0QE
= 1.01D + 0.525QE + 0.75L + 0.75S
( 0.6 0.14S DS ) D + 0.7QE + H

= 0.6 0.14 ( 0.129 ) D + 0.7 (1.0 ) QE + 0
= 0.582 D + 0.7QE
Note: QE = effect of horizontal seismic (earthquake induced) forces

Overstrength Factor: o = 3 for steel systems not specifically detailed for seismic resistance, excluding cantilever
column systems, per ASCE/SEI 7, Table 12.2-1.
Calculate the seismic base shear using ASCE/SEI 7, Section 12.8.1.
Determine the seismic response coefficient from ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 12.8-2
S DS
R
I
e
0.129
=
3

1
= 0.0430
Cs =
controls
Let Ta = T. From ASCE/SEI 7 Figure 22-12, TL = 12 > T (midwestern city); therefore use ASCE/SEI 7, Equation
12.8-3 to determine the upper limit of Cs.
S D1
R
T
Ie
0.096
=
3
0.404
1
= 0.0792
Cs =

III-52
From ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 12.8-5, Cs shall not be taken less than:

Cs = 0.044SDSIe 0.01
= 0.044(0.129)(1.0)
= 0.00568
Therefore, Cs = 0.0430.
Calculate the seismic base shear from ASCE/SEI 7 Equation 12.8-1
V = CsW
= 0.0430 ( 8, 280 kips )
= 356 kips
Calculate vertical distribution of seismic forces from ASCE/SEI 7, Section 12.8.3.

Fx = CvxV
(ASCE Eq. 12.8-11)
= Cvx ( 356 kips )
Cvx =
wx hx k
n
wi hi k
Fx = CvxV
(ASCE Eq. 12.8-12)
i =1
For structures having a period of 0.5 s or less, k = 1.

Calculate horizontal shear distribution at each level per ASCE/SEI 7, Section 12.8.4.
n
Vx = Fi
(ASCE Eq. 12.8-13)
i=x
Calculate the overturning moment at each level per ASCE/SEI 7, Section 12.8.5.
n
M x = Fi (hi hx )
i=x
Roof
Fourth
Third
Second
Base
wx
kips
820
2,510
2,510
2,440
8,280
hxk
ft
55.0
40.5
27.0
13.5
wxhxk
kip-ft
45,100
102,000
67,800
32,900
248,000
Cvx
kips
0.182
0.411
0.273
0.133
Fx
kips
64.8
146
97.2
47.3
355
Vx
kips
64.8
211
308
355
Calculate strength and determine rigidity of diaphragms.

Determine the diaphragm design forces from Section 12.10.1.1 of ASCE/SEI 7.
Fpx is the largest of:
1.
The force Fx at each level determined by the vertical distribution above

Mx
k-ft
940
3,790
7,940
12,700
III-53
2.
Fpx =
i=x
n
w px 0.4S DS I e w px from ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 12.10-1 and 12.10-3
i=x
0.4 ( 0.129 )(1.0 ) w px

0.0516 w px
3.
Fpx = 0.2 S DS I e w px from ASCE/SEI 7, Equation 12.10-2

= 0.2 ( 0.129 )(1.0 ) wpx
= 0.0258w px
Roof
Fourth
Third
Second
wpx
kips
820
2,510
2,510
2,440
A
kips
64.8
146
97.2
47.3
B
kips
42.3
130
130
105
C
kips
21.2
64.8
64.8
63.0
Fpx
kips
64.8
146
130
105
v(n-s)
plf
297
892
791
641
v(e-w)
plf
170
382
339
275
where
A = force at a level based on the vertical distribution of seismic forces
n
B = Fpx =
i=x
n
wi
w px 0.4S DS I e w px
i=x
C = 0.2 S DS I e w px
Fpx = max(A, B, C)
Note: The diaphragm shear loads include the effects of openings in the diaphragm and a 10% increase to account
for accidental torsion.

III-54
Roof
Roof deck: 12 in. deep, 22 gage, wide rib
Support fasteners: s in. puddle welds in 36 / 5 pattern
Sidelap fasteners: 3 #10 TEK screws
Joist spacing = s = 6.0 ft
Diaphragm length = 210 ft
Diaphragm width = lv =120 ft
By inspection, the critical condition for the diaphragm is loading from the north or south directions.
Calculate the required diaphragm strength, including a 10% increase for accidental torsion.
LRFD
From the ASCE/SEI 7 load combinations for strength
design, the earthquake load is,
Q
vr = 1.0 E
lv
Fpx
= 1.0 ( 0.55 )
lv
( 64.8 kips )
= 1.0 ( 0.55 )
(120 ft )
ASD
From the ASCE/SEI 7 load combinations for
allowable stress design, the earthquake load is,
Q
vr = 0.7 E
lv
Fpx
= 0.7 ( 0.55 )
lv
( 64.8 kips )
= 0.7 ( 0.55 )
(120 ft )
= 0.297 klf
= 0.208 klf
The wind load is,

vr = 1.0W
The wind load is,

vr = 0.6W
= 1.0 ( 0.238 klf )
= 0.6 ( 0.238 klf )
= 0.238 klf
= 0.143klf
Note: The 0.55 factor in the earthquake load accounts for half the shear to each braced frame plus the 10% increase
for accidental torsion.
From the SDI Diaphragm Design Manual (SDI, 2004), the nominal shear strengths are:
1.
2.
For panel buckling strength, vn = 1.425 klf

For connection strength, vn = 0.820 klf
Calculate the available strengths.

LRFD
Panel Buckling Strength (SDI, 2004)
va = vn
Connection Strength (SDI, 2004)
ASD
Panel Buckling Strength (SDI, 2004)
v
va = n
1.425 klf
=
2.00
= 0.713 klf > 0.208 klf
Connection Strength (SDI, 2004)
Earthquake
Earthquake
= 0.80 (1.425 klf )

= 1.14 klf > 0.297 klf
o.k.

o.k.
III-55
LRFD
va = vn
= 0.55 ( 0.820 klf )
= 0.451 klf > 0.297 klf
o.k.
Wind (SDI, 2004)

va = vn
= 0.70 ( 0.820 klf )
= 0.574 klf > 0.238 klf
o.k.
ASD
vn
va =
0.820 klf
=
3.00
= 0.273 klf > 0.208 klf
Wind (SDI, 2004)
v
va = n
0.820 klf
=
2.35
= 0.349 klf > 0.143 klf
o.k.
o.k.
Check diaphragm flexibility.

From the Steel Deck Institute Diaphragm Design Manual,
Dxx = 758 ft
K1 = 0.286 ft-1
K2 = 870 kip/in.
K4 = 3.78
K2
0.3Dxx
K4 +
+ 3K1 s
s
870 kips/in.
=
0.3 ( 758 ft )
0.286
3.78 +
+ 3
( 6.00 ft )
6.00 ft
ft
= 18.6 kips/in.
G' =
Seismic loading to diaphragm.

w = ( 64.8 kips ) ( 210 ft )
= 0.309 klf
Calculate the maximum diaphragm deflection.

=
wL2
8lv G '
( 0.309 klf )( 210 ft )

8 (120 ft )(18.6 kips/in.)
2
= 0.763 in.
Story drift = 0.141 in. (from computer output)

The diaphragm deflection exceeds two times the story drift; therefore, the diaphragm may be considered to be
flexible in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7, Section 12.3.1.3
The roof diaphragm is flexible in the N-S direction, but using a rigid diaphragm distribution is more conservative
for the analysis of this building. By similar reasoning, the roof diaphragm will also be treated as a rigid diaphragm
in the E-W direction.
Third and Fourth floors
III-56
Floor deck: 3 in. deep, 22 gage, composite deck with normal weight concrete,
Support fasteners; s in. puddle welds in a 36 / 4 pattern
Sidelap fasteners: 1 button punched fastener
Beam spacing = s = 10.0 ft
Diaphragm width = 120 ft
lv = 120 ft 30 ft = 90 ft to account for the stairwell
By inspection, the critical condition for the diaphragm is loading from the north or south directions
LRFD
design, the earthquake load for the fourth floor is,
Q
vr = 1.0 E
lv
Fpx
= 1.0 ( 0.55 )
lv
(146 kips )
= 1.0 ( 0.55 )
( 90 ft )
= 0.892 klf
ASD
Q
vr = 0.7 E
lv
Fpx
= 0.7 ( 0.55 )
lv
(146 kips )
= 0.7 ( 0.55 )
( 90 ft )
= 0.625 klf
For the fourth floor, the wind load is,

vr = 1.0W
For the fourth floor, the wind load is,

vr = 0.6W
= 1.0 ( 0.409 klf )
= 0.6 ( 0.409 klf )
= 0.409 klf
= 0.245 klf
From the ASCI/SEI 7 load combinations for strength

design, the earthquake load for the third floor is,
QE
vr = 1.0
lv
Fpx
= 1.0 ( 0.55 )
lv
(130 kips )
= 1.0 ( 0.55 )
( 90 ft )
= 0.794 klf
From the ASCI/SEI 7 load combinations for strength

design, the earthquake load for the third floor is,
QE
vr = 0.7
lv
Fpx
= 0.7 ( 0.55 )
lv
(130 kips )
= 0.7 ( 0.55 )
( 90 ft )
= 0.556 klf
For the third floor, the wind load is,

vr = 1.0W
For the third floor, the wind load is,

vr = 0.6W
= 1.0 ( 0.394 klf )
= 0.6 ( 0.394 klf )
= 0.394 klf
= 0.236 klf
From the SDI Diaphragm Design Manual, the nominal shear strengths are:

III-57
LRFD
ASD
Connection Strength (same for earthquake or wind)

(SDI, 2004)
va = vn
= 0.5 ( 5.16 klf )
= 2.58 klf > 0.892 klf
o.k.

(SDI, 2004)
v
va = n
5.16 klf
=
3.25
= 1.59 klf > 0.625 klf
o.k.

K1 = 0.729 ft-1
K2 = 870 kip/in.
K3 = 2,380 kip/in.
K4 = 3.78
K2
G' =
+ K3
K 4 + 3K1 s
870 kip/in.
=
+ 2,380 kip/in.
0.729
3.78 + 3
(10.0 ft )
ft
= 2, 410 kips/in.
Fourth Floor
Calculate seismic loading to diaphragm based on the fourth floor seismic load.
w = (146 kips ) ( 210 ft )
= 0.695 klf
Calculate the maximum diaphragm deflection on the fourth floor.
=
wL2
8lv G '
( 0.695 klf )( 210 ft )

=
8 ( 90 ft )( 2, 410 kips/in.)
2
= 0.0177 in.
Third Floor
Calculate seismic loading to diaphragm based on the third floor seismic load.
w = (130 kips ) ( 210 ft )
= 0.619 klf
Calculate the maximum diaphragm deflection on the third floor.

III-58
wL2
8lv G '
( 0.619 klf )( 210 ft )

8 ( 90 ft )( 2, 410 kips/in.)
2
= 0.0157 in.
The diaphragm deflection at the third and fourth floors is less than two times the story drift (story drift = 0.245 in.
from computer output); therefore, the diaphragm is considered rigid in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7, Section
12.3.1.3. By inspection, the floor diaphragm will also be rigid in the E-W direction.
Second floor
Floor deck: 3 in. deep, 22 gage, composite deck with normal weight concrete,
Support fasteners: s in. puddle welds in a 36 / 4 pattern
Sidelap fasteners: 1 button punched fasteners
Beam spacing = s = 10.0 ft
Diaphragm width = 120 ft
Because of the atrium opening in the floor diaphragm, an effective diaphragm depth of 75 ft will be used for the
deflection calculations.
By inspection, the critical condition for the diaphragm is loading from the north or south directions.
LRFD
Q
vr = 1.0 E
lv
Fpx
= 1.0 ( 0.55 )
lv
105
( kips )
= 1.0 ( 0.55 )
( 90 ft )
ASD
Q
vr = 0.7 E
lv
Fpx
= 0.7 ( 0.55 )
lv
105
( kips )
= 0.7 ( 0.55 )
( 90 ft )
= 0.642 klf
= 0.449 klf
The wind load is,

vr = 1.0W
The wind load is,

vr = 0.6W
= 1.0 ( 0.395 klf )
= 0.6 ( 0.395 klf )
= 0.395 klf
= 0.237 klf
From the SDI Diaphragm Design Manual, the nominal shear strengths are:

III-59
LRFD
(SDI, 2004)
va = vn
= 0.50 ( 5.16 klf )
= 2.58 klf > 0.642 klf
o.k.
ASD
(SDI, 2004)
v
va = n
5.16 klf
=
3.25
= 1.59 klf > 0.449 klf
o.k.

K1 = 0.729 ft-1
K2 = 870 kip/in.
K3 = 2,380 kip/in.
K4 = 3.78
K2
G' =
+ K3
K 4 + 3K1 s
870 kip/in.
=
+ 2,380 kip/in.
0.729
3.78 + 3
(10.0 ft )
ft
= 2, 410 kip/in.
Calculate seismic loading to diaphragm.

w = (105 kips ) ( 210 ft )
= 0.500 klf
Calculate the maximum diaphragm deflection.

=
wL2
8bG '
( 0.500 klf )( 210 ft )

=
8 ( 75 ft )( 2, 410 kip/in.)
2
= 0.0152 in.
Story drift = 0.228 in. (from computer output)

The diaphragm deflection is less than two times the story drift; therefore, the diaphragm is considered rigid in
accordance with ASCE/SEI 7, Section 12.3.1.3. By inspection, the floor diaphragm will also be rigid in the E-W
direction.
Horizontal shear distribution and torsion:
Calculate the seismic forces to be applied in the frame analysis in each direction, including the effect of accidental
torsion, in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7, Section 12.8.4.

III-60
Roof
Fourth
Third
Second
Base
Roof
Fourth
Third
Second
Base
Fy
kips
64.8
146
97.2
47.3
Load to Frame
%
kips
50
32.4
50
73.0
50
48.6
50
23.7
Load to Grids 1 and 8

Accidental Torsion
%
kips
5
3.24
5
7.30
5
4.86
5
2.37
Fx
kips
64.8
146
97.2
47.3
Load to Frame
%
kips
50
32.4
50
73.0
50
48.6
50.8(1) 24.0
Load to Grids A and F

Accidental Torsion
%
kips
5
3.24
5
7.30
5
4.86
5
2.37
(1)
Total
kips
35.6
80.3
53.5
26.1
196
Total
kips
35.6
80.3
53.5
26.4
196
Note: In this example, Grids A and F have both been conservatively designed for the slightly higher load on
Grid A due to the atrium opening. The increase in load is calculated as follows
I
II
Area
ft2
25,500
841
24,700
Mass
kips
2,170
71.5
2,100
y-dist
ft
60.5
90.5
My
k-ft
131,000
6,470
125,000
y = 125,000 kip-ft/2,100 kips = 59.5 ft

(100%)(121 ft 59.5 ft)/121 ft = 50.8%

III-61
MOMENT FRAME MODEL
Grids 1 and 8 were modeled in conventional structural analysis software as two-dimensional models. The secondorder option in the structural analysis program was not used. Rather, for illustration purposes, second-order effects
are calculated separately, using the Approximate Second-Order Analysis method described in AISC
Specification Appendix 8.
The column and beam layouts for the moment frames follow. Although the frames on Grids A and F are the
same, slightly heavier seismic loads accumulate on grid F after accounting for the atrium area and accidental
torsion. The models are half-building models. The frame was originally modeled with W1482 interior columns
and W2144 non-composite beams, but was revised because the beams and columns did not meet the strength
requirements. The W1482 column size was increased to a W1490 and the W2144 beams were upsized to
W2455 beams. Minimum composite studs are specified for the beams (corresponding to Qn = 0.25Fy As ), but
the beams were modeled with a stiffness of Ieq = Is.
The frame was checked for both wind and seismic story drift limits. Based on the results on the computer
analysis, the frame meets the L/400 drift criterion for a 10 year wind (0.7W) indicated in Commentary Section
CC.1.2 of ASCE/SEI 7. In addition, the frame meets the 0.025hsx allowable story drift limit given in ASCE/SEI 7
Table 12.12-1 for Seismic Risk Category II.
All of the vertical loads on the frame were modeled as point loads on the frame. The dead load and live load are
shown in the load cases that follow. The wind, seismic, and notional loads from leaning columns are modeled and
distributed 1/14 to exterior columns and 1/7 to the interior columns. This approach minimizes the tendency to
accumulate too much load in the lateral system nearest an externally applied load.
Also shown in the models below are the remainder of the half-building model gravity loads from the interior
leaning columns accumulated in a single leaning column which was connected to the frame portion of the model
with pinned ended links. Because the second-order analyses that follow will use the Approximate Second-Order
Analysis (amplified first-order) approach given in the AISC Specification Appendix 8, the inclusion of the leaning
column is unnecessary, but serves to summarize the leaning column loads and illustrate how these might be
handled in a full second-order analysis. See Geschwindner (1994), A Practical Approach to the Leaning
Column.
There are five lateral load cases. Two are the wind load and seismic load, per the previous discussion. In
addition, notional loads of Ni = 0.002Yi were established. The model layout, nominal dead, live, and snow loads
with associated notional loads, wind loads and seismic loads are shown in the figures below.
The same modeling procedures were used in the braced frame analysis. If column bases are not fixed in
construction, they should not be fixed in the analysis.

III-62

III-63

III-64

III-65

III-66

III-67
CALCULATION OF REQUIRED STRENGTHTHREE METHODS
Three methods for checking one of the typical interior column designs at the base of the building are presented
below. All three of presented methods require a second-order analysis (either direct via computer analysis
techniques or by amplifying a first-order analysis). A fourth method called the First-Order Analysis Method is
also an option. This method does not require a second-order analysis; however, this method is not presented
below. For additional guidance on applying any of these methods, see the discussion in AISC Manual Part 2
titled Required Strength, Stability, Effective Length, and Second-Order Effects.
GENERAL INFORMATION FOR ALL THREE METHODS
Seismic load combinations controlled over wind load combinations in the direction of the moment frames in the
example building. The frame analysis was run for all LRFD and ASD load combinations; however, only the
controlling combinations have been illustrated in the following examples. A lateral load of 0.2% of gravity load
was included for all gravity-only load combinations.
The second-order analysis for all the examples below was carried out by doing a first-order analysis and then
amplifying the results to achieve a set of second-order design forces using the approximate second-order analysis
procedure from AISC Specification Appendix 8.
METHOD 1. DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD
Design for stability by the direct analysis method is found in Chapter C of the AISC Specification. This method
requires that both the flexural and axial stiffness are reduced and that 0.2% notional lateral loads are applied in the
analysis to account for geometric imperfections and inelasticity. Any general second-order analysis method that
considers both P and P effects is permitted. The amplified first-order analysis method of AISC
Specification Appendix 8 is also permitted provided that the B1 and B2 factors are based on the reduced flexural
and axial stiffnesses. A summary of the axial loads, moments and 1st floor drifts from first-order analysis is
shown below. The floor diaphragm deflection in the east-west direction was previously determined to be very
small and will thus be neglected in these calculations. Second-order member forces are determined using the
amplified first-order procedure of AISC Specification Appendix 8.
It was assumed, subject to verification, that B2 is less than 1.7 for each load combination; therefore, per AISC
Specification Section C2.2b(4), the notional loads were applied to the gravity-only load combinations . The
required seismic load combinations are given in ASCE/SEI 7, Section 12.4.2.3.
LRFD
1.23D 1.0QE + 0.5L + 0.2S

(Controls columns and beams)
ASD
1.01D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7QE) + 0.75S
From a first-order analysis with notional loads where

appropriate and reduced stiffnesses:
From a first-order analysis with notional loads where

appropriate and reduced stiffnesses:
For Interior Column Design:

Pu = 317 kips
M1u = 148 kip-ft (from first-order analysis)

Pa = 295 kips
M1a = 77.9 kip-ft
M2a = 122 kip-ft
First story drift with reduced stiffnesses = 0.718 in.
First story drift with reduced stiffnesses = 0.377 in.
Note: For ASD, ordinarily the second-order analysis must be carried out under 1.6 times the ASD load
combinations and the results must be divided by 1.6 to obtain the required strengths. For this example, secondorder analysis by the amplified first-order analysis method is used. The amplified first-order analysis method
incorporates the 1.6 multiplier directly in the B1 and B2 amplifiers, such that no other modification is needed.
The required second-order flexural strength, Mr, and axial strength, Pr, are determined as follows. For typical
III-68
interior columns, the gravity-load moments are approximately balanced, therefore, Mnt = 0.0 kip-ft
Calculate the amplified forces and moments in accordance with AISC Specification Appendix 8.
LRFD
Mr = B1Mnt + B2Mlt
ASD
(Spec. Eq. A-8-1)
Mr = B1Mnt + B2Mlt
(Spec. Eq. A-8-1)
Determine B1
Determine B1
Pr = required second-order axial strength using LRFD

or ASD load combinations, kips.
Pr = required second-order axial strength using

LRFD or ASD load combinations, kips.
Note that for members subject to axial compression,

B1 may be calculated based on the first-order estimate
Pr = Pnt + Plt.

B1 may be calculated based on the first-order
estimate Pr = Pnt + Plt.
Therefore, Pr = 317 kips

(from the first-order computer analysis)

(from the first-order computer analysis)
Ix = 999 in.4 (W1490)
Ix = 999 in.4 (W1490)
b = 1.0
b = 1.0
Pe1 =
2 EI *
(Spec. Eq. A-8-5)
( K1 L )
2 ( 0.8 )( 29, 000 ksi ) ( 999 in.4 )
=
2
(1.0 )(13.5 ft )(12 in./ft )
2
= 8,720 kips
Pe1 =
2 EI *
(Spec. Eq. A-8-5)
( K1 L )
2 ( 0.8 )( 29, 000 ksi ) ( 999 in.4 )
=
2
(1.0 )(13.5 ft )(12 in./ft )
2
= 8,720 kips
Cm = 0.6 0.4(M1 / M2)

(Spec. Eq. A-8-4)
= 0.6 0.4 (148 kip-ft / 233 kip-ft)
= 0.346
Cm = 0.6 0.4(M1 / M2)

(Spec. Eq. A-8-4)
= 0.6 0.4 (77.9 kip-ft / 122 kip-ft)
= 0.345
= 1.0
= 1.6
Cm
1
P
1 r
Pe1
0.346
=
1
1.0 ( 317 kips )
1
8, 720 kips
= 0.359 1; Use 1.0
B1 =
Determine B2
1
B2 =
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
where
= 1.0
(Spec. Eq. A-8-3)
(Spec. Eq. A-8-6)
Pstory = 5, 440 kips (from computer output)
Cm
1
P
1 r
Pe1
0.345
=
1
1.6 ( 295 kips )
1
8, 720 kips
= 0.365 1; Use 1.0
B1 =
Determine B2
1
B2 =
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
where
= 1.6
(Spec. Eq. A-8-3)
(Spec. Eq. A-8-6)
Pstory = 5,120 kips (from computer output)

III-69
LRFD
ASD
Pe story may be taken as :

Pe story = RM
Pe story may be taken as :
HL
H
(Spec. Eq. A-8-7)
where
Pe story = RM
HL
H
(Spec. Eq. A-8-7)
where
Pmf
(Spec. Eq. A-8-8)
RM = 1 0.15
Pstory
where
Pmf = 2, 250 kips (gravity load in moment frame)
RM = 1 0.15
2, 250 kips
5, 440 kips
RM = 1 0.15
Pmf
Pstory
where
Pmf = 2, 090 kips
RM = 1 0.15
= 0.938
(Spec. Eq. A-8-8)

(gravity load in moment frame)
2, 090 kips
5,120 kips
= 0.939
H = 0.75 ( 0.7QE )
H = 1.0QE
= 1.0 (196 kips )
= 0.75 ( 0.7 )(196 kips )
(Lateral)
( Lateral )
=196 kips
(previous seismic force distribution calculations)
= 103 kips
(previous seismic force distribution calculations)
H = 0.718 in. (from computer output)
Pe story = 0.938
(196 kips )(13.5 ft )(12 in./ft )

0.718 in.
= 41,500 kips
1
B2 =
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
(Spec. Eq. A-8-6)
1
1
1.0 ( 5, 440 kips )
1
41,500 kips
= 1.15 1
Pe story = 0.939
(103 kips )(13.5 ft )(12 in./ft )

0.377 in.
= 41, 600 kips

1
B2 =
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
(Spec. Eq. A-8-6)
1
1
1.6 ( 5,120 kips )
1
41, 600 kips
= 1.25 1
Because B2 < 1.7, it is verified that it was unnecessary

to add the notional loads to the lateral loads for this
load combination.
Because B2 < 1.7, it is verified that it was

unnecessary to add the notional loads to the lateral
loads for this load combination.
Calculate amplified moment
From AISC Specification Equation A-8-1,
M r = (1.0 )( 0.0 kip-ft ) + (1.15 )( 233 kip-ft )
M r = (1.0 )( 0.0 kip-ft ) + (1.25 )(122 kip-ft )
= 268 kip-ft
= 153 kip-ft
Calculate amplified axial load
Calculate amplified axial load
Pnt = 317 kips
Pnt = 295 kips
(from computer analysis)
For a long frame, such as this one, the change in load

III-70
LRFD

to the interior columns associated with lateral load is
negligible.
Pr = Pnt + B2Plt
(Spec. Eq. A-8-2)
= 317 kips + (1.15)(0.0 kips)
= 317 kips
The flexural and axial stiffness of all members in the
moment frame were reduced using 0.8E in the
computer analysis.
Check that the flexural stiffness was adequately
reduced for the analysis per AISC Specification
Section C2.3(2).
= 1.0
ASD
negligible.
Pr = Pnt + B2Plt
(Spec. Eq. A-8-2)
= 295 kips + (1.25)(0.0 kips)
= 295 kips
The flexural and axial stiffness of all members in the
moment frame were reduced using 0.8E in the
computer analysis.
Check that the flexural stiffness was adequately
reduced for the analysis per AISC Specification
Section C2.3(2).
= 1.6
Pr = 295 kips
Pr = 317 kips
Py = AFy = 26.5 in. ( 50.0 ksi ) = 1,330 kips
2
(W1490 column)
Py = AFy = 26.5 in.2 ( 50.0 ksi ) = 1,330 kips
(W1490 column)
Pr 1.6 ( 295 kips )

=
= 0.355 0.5
1,330 kips
Py
Pr 1.0 ( 317 kips )

=
= 0.238 0.5
Py
1,330 kips
Therefore, b = 1.0
o.k.
Note: By inspection b = 1.0 for all of the beams in the

moment frame.
Therefore, b = 1.0
o.k.
Note: By inspection b = 1.0 for all of the beams in

the moment frame.
For the direct analysis method, K = 1.0.
For the direct analysis method, K = 1.0.

Pc = 1,040 kips (W1490 @ KL = 13.5 ft)
Mcx = bMpx = 574 kip-ft (W1490 with Lb = 13.5 ft)

M px
Mcx =
= 382 kip-ft (W1490 with Lb = 13.5 ft)
b
Pr 295 kips
=
= 0.428 0.2
Pc 690 kips
Pr
317 kips
=
= 0.305 0.2
Pc 1, 040 kips
Pr
0.2 , use AISC Specification
Pc
interaction Equation H1-1a.
Because
Pr 8 M rx M ry
+
+
1.0
Pc 9 M cx M cy

Pc = 690 kips (W1490 @ KL = 13.5 ft)
(Spec. Eq. H1-1a)
Pr
0.2 , use AISC Specification
Pc
interaction Equation H1-1a.
Because
Pr 8 M rx M ry
+
+
1.0
Pc 9 M cx M cy

(Spec. Eq. H1-1a)
III-71
LRFD
8 268 kip-ft
0.305 +
1.0
9 574 kip-ft
0.720 1.0
o.k.
ASD
8 153 kip-ft
0.428 +
1.0
9 382 kip-ft
0.784 1.0
o.k.
METHOD 2. EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD
Required strengths of frame members must be determined from a second-order analysis. In this example the
second-order analysis is performed by amplifying the axial forces and moments in members and connections from
a first-order analysis using the provisions of AISC Specification Appendix 8. The available strengths of
compression members are calculated using effective length factors computed from a sidesway stability analysis.
A first-order frame analysis is conducted using the load combinations for LRFD or ASD. A minimum lateral load
(notional load) equal to 0.2% of the gravity loads is included for any gravity-only load combination. The required
load combinations are given in ASCE/SEI 7 and are summarized in Part 2 of the AISC Manual.
A summary of the axial loads, moments and 1st floor drifts from the first-order computer analysis is shown below.
The floor diaphragm deflection in the east-west direction was previously determined to be very small and will
thus be neglected in these calculations.
LRFD
1.23D 1.0QE + 0.5L + 0.2S

ASD
1.01D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7QE) + 0.75S

Pu = 317 kips

Pa = 295 kips
M1a = 77.9 kip-ft (from first-order analysis)
M2a = 122 kip-ft (from first-order analysis)
First-order first story drift = 0.575 in.
First-order first story drift = 0.302 in.
The required second-order flexural strength, Mr, and axial strength, Pr, are calculated as follows:
For typical interior columns, the gravity load moments are approximately balanced; therefore, Mnt = 0.0 kips.
LRFD
Mr = B1Mnt + B2Mlt
ASD
(Spec. Eq. A-8-1)
Mr = B1Mnt + B2Mlt
(Spec. Eq. A-8-1)
Determine B1.
Determine B1.
Pr = required second-order axial strength using

LRFD or ASD load combinations, kips
Pr = required second-order axial strength using LRFD

or ASD load combinations, kips

B1 may be calculated based on the first-order
estimate Pr = Pnt + Plt.

B1 may be calculated based on the first-order estimate
Pr = Pnt + Plt.

(from first-order computer analysis)

(from first-order computer analysis)
I = 999 in.4 (W1490)
I = 999 in.4 (W1490)
Pe1 =
2 EI *
( K1 L )
(Spec. Eq. A-8-5)
Pe1 =
2 EI *
( K1 L )

(Spec. Eq. A-8-5)
III-72
LRFD
( 29, 000 ksi ) ( 999 in.

2
ASD
(1.0 )(13.5 ft )(12 in./ft )

= 10,900 kips
( 29, 000 ksi ) ( 999 in.4 )

2
(1.0 )(13.5 ft )(12 in./ft )

= 10,900 kips
Cm = 0.6 0.4(M1 / M2)

(Spec. Eq. A-8-4)
= 0.6 0.4 (148 kip-ft / 233 kip-ft)
= 0.346
Cm = 0.6 0.4(M1 / M2)

(Spec. Eq. A-8-4)
= 0.6 0.4 (77.9 kip-ft / 122 kip-ft)
= 0.345
= 1.0
= 1.6
Cm
1
P
1 r
Pe1
0.346
=
1
1.0 ( 317 kips )
1
10,900 kips
= 0.356 1; Use 1.00
B1 =
(Spec. Eq. A-8-3)
Determine B2.
B2 =
(Spec. Eq. A-8-3)
Determine B2.
1
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
(Spec. Eq. A-8-6)
where
1
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
where
B2 =
(Spec. Eq. A-8-6)
= 1.6
= 1.0
Pstory = 5, 440 kips (from computer output)
HL
H
Pstory = 5,120 kips (from computer output)

Pe story may be taken as
Pe story may be taken as

Pe story = RM
Cm
1
P
1 r
Pe1
0.345
=
1
1.6 ( 295 kips )
1
10,900 kips
= 0.361 1; Use 1.00
B1 =
(Spec. Eq. A-8-7)
Pe story =RM
HL
H
(Spec. Eq. A-8-7)
where
where
Pmf
Pmf
(Spec. Eq. A-8-8)
(Spec. Eq. A-8-8)
RM = 1 0.15
RM = 1 0.15
Pstory
Pstory
where
where
RM = 1 0.15
2, 250 kips
5, 440 kips
RM = 1 0.15
= 0.938
2, 090 kips
5,120 kips
= 0.939
H = 196 kips (Lateral)

(from previous seismic force distribution
calculations)
H = 103 kips (Lateral)

(from previous seismic force distribution
calculations)

III-73
LRFD
Pe story = 0.938
ASD
(196 kips )(13.5 ft )(12 in./ft )

0.575 in.
= 51,800 kips
1
B2 =
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
(Spec. Eq. A-8-6)
1
1
1.0 ( 5, 440 kips )
1
51,800 kips
= 1.12 1
Pe story = 0.939
(103 kips )(13.5 ft )(12 in./ft )

0.302 in.
= 51,900 kips
1
B2 =
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
(Spec. Eq. A-8-6)
1
1
1.6 ( 5,120 kips )
1
51,900 kips
= 1.19 1
Note: B2 < 1.5, therefore use of the effective length

method is acceptable.
Note: B2 < 1.5, therefore use of the effective length

method is acceptable.
M r = (1.00 )( 0.0 kip-ft ) + (1.12 )( 233 kip-ft )
M r = (1.00 )( 0.0 kip-ft ) + (1.19 )(122 kip-ft )
= 261 kip-ft
= 145 kip-ft
Calculate amplified axial load.
Calculate amplified axial load.
Pnt = 317 kips
Pnt = 295 kips

negligible.

negligible.
Therefore, Plt = 0
Therefore, Plt = 0
Pr = Pnt + B2Plt
(Spec. Eq. A-8-2)
= 317 kips + (1.12)(0.0 kips)
= 317 kips
Pr = Pnt + B2Plt
(Spec. Eq. A-8-2)
= 295 kips + (1.19)(0.0 kips)
= 295 kips
Determine the controlling effective length.
Determine the controlling effective length.
For out-of-plane buckling in the moment frame
For out-of-plane buckling in the moment frame
Ky = 1.0
Ky = 1.0
K y Ly = 1.0 (13.5 ft ) = 13.5 ft
K y Ly = 1.0 (13.5 ft ) = 13.5 ft
For in-plane buckling in the moment frame, use the

story stiffness procedure from the AISC
Specification Commentary for Appendix 7 to
determine Kx with Specification Commentary
Equation C-A-7-5.
For in-plane buckling in the moment frame, use the

story stiffness procedure from the AISC
Specification Commentary for Appendix 7 to
determine Kx with Specification Commentary
Equation C-A-7-5.

III-74
LRFD
ASD
EI H
Pr
( 0.85 + 0.15RL ) Pr L2 HL
2
K2 =
2 EI H
Pr
2
( 0.85 + 0.15RL ) Pr L HL
K2 =
2 EI H
L2 1.7 HL
2 EI H
L2 1.7 HL
Simplifying and substituting terms previously

calculated results in:
Pstory
Pe story
Kx =
Pe
H
P Pe 1.7 HL
Pe
H
P Pe 1.7 HL
where
2 EI
L2
2 ( 29, 000 ksi ) ( 999in.4 )
12 in./ft (13.5 ft )
= 10,900 kips
Kx =
Pstory
Pe story
Kx =
where
Pe =
Simplifying and substituting terms previously

calculated results in:
Pe =
=
12 in./ft (13.5 ft )
= 10,900 kips
5, 440 kips 10,900 kips
51,800 kips 317 kips
0.575 in.
10,900 kips
12 in.
1.7 (196 kips )

(13.5 ft )
ft
= 1.90 0.341
Kx =
5,120 kips 10,900 kips
51,900 kips 295 kips
0.302 in.
10,900 kips
12 in.
1.7 (103 kips )

(13.5 ft )
ft
= 1.91 0.341
Use Kx = 1.91
Use Kx = 1.90
KLx
=
rx / ry
2 EI
L2
2 ( 29, 000 ksi ) ( 999in.4 )
1.90 (13.5 ft )
1.66
KLx 1.91(13.5 ft )
=
= 15.5 ft
rx / ry
1.66
= 15.5 ft
K L
Because x x > K y Ly , use KL = 15.5 ft
rx ry
Because
K x Lx
> K y Ly , use KL = 15.5 ft
rx ry

Pc = 990 kips (W1490 @ KL = 15.5 ft)
Pc = 660 kips (W1490 @ KL = 15.5 ft)


Mcx = 574 kip-ft (W1490 with Lb =13.5 ft)
Pr 317 kips
=
Pc 990 kips
= 0.320 0.2
Mcx = 382 kip-ft (W1490 with Lb = 13.5 ft)

Pr 295 kips
=
Pc 660 kips
= 0.447 0.2

III-75
LRFD
Because
Pr
0.2 , use interaction Equation H1-1a.
Pc
Pr 8 M rx M ry
(Spec. Eq. H1.1-a)
+
+
1.0
Pc 9 M cx M cy
8 261 kip-ft
0.320 +
1.0
9 574 kip-ft
0.724 1.0
o.k.
ASD
Pr
Because
0.2 , use interaction Equation H1-1a.
Pc
Pr 8 M rx M ry
+
+
1.0 (Spec. Eq. H1.1-a)
Pc 9 M cx M cy
8 145 kip-ft
0.447 +
1.0
9 382 kip-ft
0.784 1.0
o.k.
METHOD 3. SIMPLIFIED EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD
A simplification of the effective length method using a method of second-order analysis based upon drift limits
and other assumptions is described in Chapter 2 of the AISC Manual. A first-order frame analysis is conducted
using the load combinations for LRFD or ASD. A minimum lateral load (notional load) equal to 0.2% of the
gravity loads is included for all gravity-only load combinations. The floor diaphragm deflection in the east-west
direction was previously determined to be very small and will thus be neglected in these calculations.
LRFD
1.23D 1.0QE + 0.5L + 0.2S

ASD
1.01D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7QE) + 0.75S
From a first-order analysis
For interior column design:

Pu = 317 kips

Pa = 295 kips
M1a = 77.9 kip-ft (from first-order analysis)
M2a = 122 kip-ft (from first-order analysis)
First story first-order drift = 0.575 in.
Then the following steps are executed.

LRFD
ASD
Step 1:
Step 1:
Lateral load = 196 kips
Lateral load = 103 kips
Deflection due to first-order elastic analysis
Deflection due to first-order elastic analysis
= 0.575 in. between first and second floor
= 0.302 in. between first and second floor
Floor height = 13.5 ft
Floor height = 13.5 ft
Drift ratio = (13.5 ft)(12 in./ft) / 0.575 in.

= 282
Drift ratio = (13.5 ft)(12 in./ft) / 0.302 in.

= 536
Step 2:
Step 2:
Design story drift limit = H/400
Design story drift limit = H/400
Adjusted Lateral load = (282/ 400)(196 kips)

= 138 kips
Adjusted Lateral load = (536 / 400)(103 kips)

= 138 kips

III-76
LRFD
ASD
total story load

Load ratio = (1.0 )
lateral load
5, 440 kips
= (1.0 )
138 kips
= 39.4
Step 3: (for an ASD design the ratio must be

multiplied by 1.6)
total story load
Load ratio = (1.6 )
lateral load
5,120 kips
= (1.6 )
138 kips
= 59.4
B2 = 1.1
B2 = 1.2
Which matches the value obtained in Method 2 to the

two significant figures of the table
Which matches the value obtained in Method 2 to the

two significant figures of the table
Step 3:
Note: Intermediate values are not interpolated from the table because the precision of the table is two significant
digits. Additionally, the design story drift limit used in Step 2 need not be the same as other strength or
serviceability drift limits used during the analysis and design of the structure.
Step 4. Multiply all the forces and moment from the first-order analysis by the value of B2 obtained from the
table. This presumes that B1 is less than or equal to B2, which is usually the case for members without transverse
loading between their ends.
LRFD
Step 5. Since the selection is in the shaded area of the

chart, (B2 1.1). For LRFD design, use K = 1.0.
ASD
Step 5. Since the selection is in the unshaded area of
the chart (B2 > 1.1), For ASD design, the effective
length factor, K, must be determined through
analysis. From previous analysis, use an effective
length of 15.5 ft.
Multiply both sway and non-sway moments by B2.
Multiply both sway and non-sway moments by B2
Mr = B2(Mnt + Mlt)
= 1.1(0 kip-ft + 233 kip-ft) = 256 kip-ft
Mr = B2(Mnt + Mlt)
= 1.2(0 kip-ft + 122 kip-ft) = 146 kip-ft
Pr = B2(Pnt + Plt)
= 1.1(317 kips +0.0 kips) = 349 kips
Pr = B2(Pnt + Plt)
= 1.2(295 kips +0.0 kips) = 354 kips

Pc = 1,040 kips (W1490 @ KL = 13.5 ft)

Pc = 675 kips (W1490 @ KL = 13.5 ft)

Mcx = bMpx = 574 kip-ft (W1490 with Lb = 13.5 ft)

M px
Mcx =
= 382 kip-ft (W1490 with Lb = 13.5 ft)
b
Pr
349 kips
=
= 0.336 0.2
Pc 1, 040 kips
Because
Pr
0.2, use interaction Equation H1-1a.
Pc
Pr 354 kips
=
= 0.524 0.2
Pc 675 kips
Because
Pr
0.2, use interaction Equation H1-1a.
Pc

III-77
Pr 8 M rx M ry
+
+
1.0
Pc 9 M cx M cy
8 256 kip-ft
0.336 +
1.0
9 574 kip-ft
0.732 1.0
Pr 8 M rx M ry
+
+
1.0
Pc 9 M cx M cy
8 146 kip-ft
0.524 +
1.0
9 382 kip-ft
0.864 1.0
o.k.
o.k.
BEAM ANALYSIS IN THE MOMENT FRAME
The controlling load combinations for the beams in the moment frames are shown below and
evaluated for the second floor beam. The dead load, live load and seismic moments were taken
from a computer analysis. The table summarizes the calculation of B2 for the stories above and
below the second floor.
1st 2nd
RM
Pe story
LRFD Combination
1.23D + 1.0QE + 0.5L + 0.2S
196 kips
13.5 ft
0.575 in.
2,250 kips
0.938
51,800 kips
ASD Combination 1
1.02D + 0.7QE
137 kips
13.5 ft
0.402 in.
1,640 kips
0.937
51,700 kips
ASD Combination 2
1.01D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7QE) + 0.75S
103 kips
13.5 ft
0.302 in.
2,090 kips
0.939
51,900 kips
Pstory
B2
5,440 kips
1.12
3,920 kips
1.14
5,120 kips
1.19
2nd 3rd
RM
Pe story
LRFD Combination
1.23D + 1.0QE + 0.5L +0.2S
170 kips
13.5 ft
0.728 in.
1,590
0.938
35,500 kips
ASD Combination 1
1.02D + 0.7QE
119 kips
13.5 ft
0.509 in.
1,160
0.937
35,500 kips
ASD Combination 2
1.01D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7QE) + 0.75S
89.3 kips
13.5 ft
0.382 in.
1,490
0.939
35,600 kips
Pstory
B2
3,840 kips
1.12
2,770 kips
1.14
3,660 kips
1.20
H
L
H
Pmf
H
L
H
Pmf
For beam members, the larger of the B2 values from the story above or below is used.
From computer output at the controlling beam:
Mdead = 153 kip-ft
Mlive = 80.6 kip-ft
LRFD Combination
B2 M lt = 1.12 (154 kip-ft )
= 172 kip-ft
Msnow = 0.0 kip-ft
ASD Combination 1
B2 M lt = 1.14 (154 kip-ft )
Mearthquake = 154 kip-ft

ASD Combination 2
B2 M lt = 1.20 (154 kip-ft )
= 176 kip-ft

= 185 kip-ft
III-78
1.02 (153 kip-ft )
Ma =
+0.7 (176 kip-ft )
1.23 (153 kip-ft )
M u = +1.0 (172 kip-ft )
+0.5 ( 80.6 kip-ft )

= 400 kip-ft
= 279 kip-ft
1.01(153 kip-ft )
M a = +0.525 (185 kip-ft )
+0.75 ( 80.6 kip-ft )

= 312 kip-ft
Calculate Cb for compression in the bottom flange braced at 10.0 ft o.c.

LRFD
ASD
1.02D + 0.7QE
1.01D + 0.75(0.7QE) + 0.75L
Check W2455
Check W2455
From AISC Manual Table 3-2, with continuous

bracing
1.02D + 0.7E
M n = 503 kip-ft
From AISC Manual Table 3-2, with continuous

bracing
From AISC Manual Table 3-10, for Lb = 10.0 ft and

Cb = 1.86
Mn
= 334 kip-ft
M n = ( 386 kip-ft )1.86 503 kip-ft
From AISC Manual Table 3-10, for Lb = 10.0 ft and

Cb = 1.86
= 718 kip-ft 503 kip-ft
Use M n = 503 kip-ft > 400 kip-ft
o.k.

design shear strength of 252 kips and an Ix of 1350
in.4
Mn
= ( 256 kip-ft )1.86 334 kip-ft
Use
Mn
o.k.
1.01D + 0.75(0.7QE) + 0.75L

With continuous bracing
Mn
= 334 kip-ft

= 2.01
Mn
= ( 256 kip-ft ) 2.01
Use
Mn

o.k.
III-79
LRFD
ASD
allowable shear strength of 167 kips and an Ix of
1,350 in.4
The moments and shears on the roof beams due to the lateral loads were also checked but do not control the
design.
The connections of these beams can be designed by one of the techniques illustrated in the Chapter IIB of the
design examples.

III-80
BRACED FRAME ANALYSIS
The braced frames at Grids 1 and 8 were analyzed for the required load combinations. The stability design
requirements from Chapter C were applied to this system.
The model layout, nominal dead, live, and snow loads with associated notional loads, wind loads and seismic
loads are shown in the figures below:

III-81

III-82
Second-order analysis by amplified first-order analysis

In the following, the approximate second-order analysis method from AISC Specification Appendix 8 is used to
account for second-order effects in the braced frames by amplifying the axial forces in members and connections
from a first-order analysis.
A first-order frame analysis is conducted using the load combinations for LRFD and ASD. From this analysis the
critical axial loads, moments and deflections are obtained.
A summary of the axial loads and 1st floor drifts from the first-order computer analysis is shown below. The
floor diaphragm deflection in the north-south direction was previously determined to be very small and will thus
be neglected in these calculations.
LRFD
1.23D 1.0QE + 0.5L + 0.2S

ASD
1.01D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7QE) + 0.75S

Pnt = 236 kips
Plt = 146 kips

Pnt = 219 kips
Plt = 76.6 kips
The moments are negligible
The moments are negligible
The required second-order axial strength, Pr, is computed as follows:

LRFD
Pr = Pnt + B2Plt
ASD
(Spec. Eq. A-8-2)
Determine B2.
B2 =
(Spec. Eq. A-8-6)
(previously calculated)
Pe story may be calculated as:

Pe story = RM
(Spec. Eq. A-8-2)
Determine B2.
1
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
Pstory = 5,440 kips
Pr = Pnt + B2Plt
HL
H
B2 =
1
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
Pstory = 5,120 kips
(Spec. Eq. A-8-6)
(previously calculated)
Pe story may be calculated as:

(Spec. Eq. A-8-7)
where
Pe story = RM
HL
H
(Spec. Eq. A-8-7)
where
H = 196 kips (from previous calculations)

RM = 1.0 for braced frames
Pe story = 1.0
(196 kips )(13.5 ft )(12 in./ft )
= 150, 000 kips
0.211 in.
H = 103 kips (from previous calculations)

RM = 1.0 for braced frames
Pe story = 1.0
(103 kips )(13.5 ft )(12 in./ft )
= 150, 000 kips

0.111 in.
III-83
B2 =
1
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
B2 =
1
1
1.0 ( 5, 440 kips )
1
150, 000 kips
= 1.04 1
1
1
Pstory
1
Pe story
1
1
1.6 ( 5,120 kips )
1
150, 000 kips
= 1.06 1
=
Pr = Pnt + B2Plt
(Spec. Eq. A-8-2)
= 236 kips + (1.04)(146 kips)
= 388 kips
Pr = Pnt + B2Plt
= 219 kips + (1.06)(76.6 kips)
= 300 kips
Pc = 514 kips (W1253 @ KL = 13.5 ft)
Pc = 342 kips (W1253 @ KL = 13.5 ft)
From AISC Specification Equation H1-1a,
From AISC Specification Equation H1-1a,
Pr 388 kips
=
= 0.755 1.0
Pc 514 kips
o.k.
(Spec. Eq. A-8-2)
Pr 300 kips
=
= 0.877 1.0
Pc 342 kips
o.k.
Note: Notice that the lower sidesway displacements of the braced frame produce much lower values of B2 than
those of the moment frame. Similar results could be expected for the other two methods of analysis.
Although not presented here, second-order effects should be accounted for in the design of the beams and
diagonal braces in the braced frames at Grids 1 and 8.

III-84
ANALYSIS OF DRAG STRUTS
The fourth floor delivers the highest diaphragm force to the braced frames at the ends of the building: E = 80.3
kips (from previous calculations). This force is transferred to the braced frame through axial loading of the
W1835 beams at the end of the building.
The gravity dead loads for the edge beams are the floor loading of 75.0 psf (5.50 ft) plus the exterior wall loading
of 0.503 kip/ft, giving a total dead load of 0.916 kip/ft. The gravity live load for these beams is the floor loading
of 80.0 psf (5.50 ft) = 0.440 kip/ft. The resulting midspan moments are MDead = 58.0 kip-ft and MLive = 27.8 kip-ft.
The controlling load combination for LRFD is 1.23D + 1.0QE + 0.50L. The controlling load combinations for
ASD are 1.01D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7QE) or 1.02D + 0.7QE
LRFD
ASD
Mu = 1.23(58.0 kip-ft) + 0.50(27.8 kip-ft)

= 85.2 kip-ft
Ma = 1.01(58.0 kip-ft) + 0.75(27.8 kip-ft)

= 79.4 kip-ft
or
Ma = 1.02(58.0 kip-ft) = 59.2 kip-ft
Load from the diaphragm shear due to earthquake

loading
Load from the diaphragm shear due to earthquake

loading
Fp = 80.3 kips
Fp = 0.75(0.70)(80.3 kips) = 42.2 kips

or
Fp = 0.70(80.3 kips) = 56.2 kips
Only the two 45 ft long segments on either side of the brace can transfer load into the brace, because the stair
opening is in front of the brace.
Use AISC Specification Section H2 to check the combined bending and axial stresses.
LRFD
ASD
80.3 kips
V=
= 0.892 kip/ft
2 ( 45.0 ft )
42.2 kips
V=
= 0.469 kip/ft
2 ( 45.0 ft )
or
V=
The top flange bending stress is

fb =
=
Mu
Sx
85.2 kip-ft (12 in. / ft )
56.2 kips
= 0.624 kip/ft
2 ( 45.0 ft )
The top flange stress due to bending

fb =
=
Ma
Sx
79.4 kip-ft (12 in. / ft )
57.6 in.3
= 16.5 ksi
57.6 in.3
= 17.8 ksi
or

III-85
fb =
=
Ma
Sx
59.2 kip-ft (12 in. / ft )
57.6 in.3
= 12.3 ksi
Note: It is often possible to resist the drag strut force using the slab directly. For illustration purposes, this solution
will instead use the beam to resist the force independently of the slab. The full cross section can be used to resist
the force if the member is designed as a column braced at one flange only (plus any other intermediate bracing
present, such as from filler beams). Alternatively, a reduced cross section consisting of the top flange plus a
portion of the web can be used. Arbitrarily use the top flange and 8 times an area of the web equal to its thickness
times a depth equal to its thickness, as an area to carry the drag strut component.
Area = 6.00 in.(0.425 in.) + 8(0.300 in.)2 = 2.55 in.2 + 0.720 in.2 = 3.27 in.2
Ignoring the small segment of the beam between Grid C and D, the axial stress due to the drag strut force is:
LRFD
fa =
ASD
80.3kips
42.2 kips
fa =
2 ( 3.27 in.2 )
= 12.3 ksi
2 ( 3.27 in.2 )
= 6.45 ksi
or
fa =
90.0 ft ( 0.624 kip/ft )

2 ( 3.27 in.2 )
= 8.59 ksi
Using AISC Specification Section H2, assuming the

top flange is continuously braced:
From AISC Specification Section H2, assuming the

top flange is continuously braced:
Fa = c Fy
Fa = Fy c
= 0.90 ( 50 ksi )
= 50 ksi 1.67
= 29.9 ksi
= 45.0 ksi
Fbw = b Fy
Fbw = Fy b
= 0.90 ( 50 ksi )
= 50 ksi 1.67
= 29.9 ksi
= 45.0 ksi
f a fbw
+
1.0
(from Spec. Eq. H2-1)
Fa Fbw
12.3ksi 17.8 ksi
+
= 0.669
o.k.
45.0 ksi 45.0 ksi
f a fbw
+
1.0
Fa Fbw
(from Spec. Eq. H2-1)
Load Combination 1:
6.45 ksi 16.5 ksi
+
= 0.768
29.9 ksi 29.9 ksi
Load Combination 2:

o.k.
III-86
8.59 ksi 12.3ksi

+
= 0.699
29.9 ksi 29.9 ksi
o.k.
Note: Because the drag strut load is a horizontal load, the method of transfer into the strut, and the extra
horizontal load which must be accommodated by the beam end connections should be indicated on the drawings.

III-87
PART III EXAMPLE REFERENCES
ASCE (2010), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-10, Reston, VA.
Geschwindner, L.F. (1994), A Practical Approach to the Leaning Column, Engineering Journal, AISC, Vol. 31,
No. 4, 4th Quarter, pp. 141-149.
SDI (2004), Diaphragm Design Manual, 3rd Ed., Steel Deck Institute, Fox River Grove, IL.
SJI (2005), Load Tables and Weight Tables for Steel Joists and Joist Girders, 42nd Ed., Steel Joist Institute,
Forest, VA.
West, M., Fisher, J. and Griffis, L.A. (2003), Serviceability Design Considerations for Steel Buildings, Design
Guide 3, 2nd Ed., AISC, Chicago, IL.

III-88
III-89

III-90
III-91
III-92
IV-1
Chapter IV
Other Resources
This chapter contains additional design aids that are not available in the AISC Steel Construction Manual.

IV-2
DESIGN TABLE DISCUSSION

Table 4-1. W-Shapes in Axial Compression, 65 ksi steel
Available strengths in axial compression are given for W-shapes with Fy = 65 ksi (ASTM A913 Grade 65).
The tabulated values are given for the effective length with respect to the y-axis (KL)y. However, the
effective length with respect to the x-axis (KL)x must also be investigated. To determine the available
strength in axial compression, the table should be entered at the larger of (KL)y and (KL)y eq, where
( KL )
( KL ) y eq = r x
(4-1)
x
ry
The available strength is based on the limit states of flexural buckling, torsional buckling, and flexuralKL
= 99.5 with Fy = 65 ksi.
torsional buckling. The limit between elastic and inelastic buckling is
r
The slenderness limit between a nonslender web and a slender web is rw = 31.5 with Fy = 65 ksi. All
current ASTM A6 W-shapes have nonslender flanges with Fy = 65 ksi.
Values of the ratio rx/ry and other properties useful in the design of W-shape compression members are
listed at the bottom of Table 4-1.
Variables Pwo, Pwi, Pwb and Pfb shown in Table 4-1 can be used to determine the strength of W-shapes
without stiffeners to resist concentrated forces applied normal to the face(s) of the flange(s). In these tables
it is assumed that the concentrated forces act far enough away from the member ends that end effects are
not considered (end effects are addressed in Chapter 9). When Pr Rn or Rn/, column web stiffeners are
not required. Figures 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3 illustrate the limit states and the applicable variables for each.
Web Local Yielding: The variables Pwo and Pwi can be used in the calculation of the available web local
yielding strength for the column as follows:
LRFD
Rn = Pwo + Pwi lb
(4-2a)
ASD
Rn = Pwo + Pwi lb
(4-2b)
where
Rn = Fywtw (5k + lb ) = 5Fywtw k + Fywtwlb , kips (AISC Specification Equation J10-2)
Pwo = 5 Fywtw k for LRFD and 5Fywtw k for ASD, kips
Pwi = Fywtw for LRFD and Fywtw for ASD, kips/in.
k
lb
tw
=
=
=
=
=
distance from outer face of flange to the web toe of fillet, in.
length of bearing, in.
thickness of web, in.
1.00
1.50
Web Compression Buckling: The variable Pwb is the available web compression buckling strength for the
column as follows:
LRFD
Rn = Pwb
(4-3a)
where
Rn =
24tw3 EFyw
h
(AISC Specification Equation J10-8)

ASD
Rn = Pwb
(4-3b)
IV-3
Pwb =
Fyw
h
=
=
=
=
24tw3 EFyw
for LRFD and
24tw3 EFyw
for ASD, kips

h
h
specified minimum yield stress of the web, ksi
clear distance between flanges less the fillet or corner radius for rolled shapes, in.
0.90
1.67
Fig. 4-1. Illustration of web local yielding limit state

(AISC Specification Section J10.2).
Flange Local Buckling: The variable Pfb is the available flange local bending strength for the column as
follows:
LRFD
Rn = Pfb
(4-4a)
ASD
Rn = Pfb
where
Rn = 6.25Fyf t 2f , kips (AISC Specification Equation J10-1)
Pfb = 6.25 Fyf t 2f for LRFD and 6.25 Fyf t 2f for ASD, kips
= 0.90
= 1.67
Fig. 4-2. Illustration of web compression buckling limit state


(4-4a)
IV-4
Fig. 4-3. Illustration of flange local bending limit state


IV-5
Table 4-1
Available Strength in
Axial Compression, kips
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
Shape
lb/ft
W14
Design
0
Effective length, KL (ft), with respect to least radius of gyration, ry
W14
455h
665h
605h
550h
500h
730h
P n / c c P n P n / c c P n P n / c c P n P n / c c P n P n / c c P n P n / c c P n
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
8370 12600 7630 11500 6930 10400 6310
9480
5720
8600
5220
7840
6
7
8
9
10
8180
8120
8040
7960
7860
12300
12200
12100
12000
11800
7450
7390
7320
7240
7150
11200
11100
11000
10900
10800
6770
6710
6640
6570
6480
10200
10100
9980
9870
9750
6150
6100
6040
5970
5890
9250
9170
9070
8970
8850
5580
5530
5470
5410
5340
8390
8310
8220
8130
8020
5080
5040
4980
4920
4860
7640
7570
7490
7400
7300
11
12
13
14
15
7760
7650
7530
7410
7270
11700
11500
11300
11100
10900
7060
6960
6850
6730
6600
10600
10500
10300
10100
9930
6400
6300
6200
6090
5970
9610
9470
9310
9150
8970
5810
5720
5620
5520
5410
8730
8590
8450
8300
8130
5260
5170
5090
4990
4890
7900
7780
7640
7500
7350
4780
4710
4620
4530
4440
7190
7070
6950
6820
6680
16
17
18
19
20
7140
6990
6840
6680
6520
10700
10500
10300
10000
9810
6470
6340
6200
6050
5900
9730
9530
9310
9100
8870
5850
5720
5590
5460
5320
8790
8600
8410
8200
7990
5300
5180
5060
4930
4810
7970
7790
7610
7420
7220
4790
4680
4560
4450
4330
7190
7030
6860
6690
6510
4340
4240
4140
4030
3920
6530
6380
6220
6060
5890
22
24
26
28
30
6190
5850
5490
5140
4780
9310
8790
8260
7720
7180
5590
5270
4950
4610
4280
8410
7920
7430
6940
6440
5030
4730
4430
4130
3820
7560
7120
6660
6200
5740
4540
4260
3980
3700
3420
6820
6410
5990
5570
5140
4080
3830
3570
3310
3050
6140
5750
5370
4980
4590
3690
3460
3220
2980
2740
5550
5200
4840
4480
4120
32
34
36
38
40
4420
4080
3740
3410
3090
6650
6130
5620
5120
4640
3960
3640
3320
3020
2730
5950
5460
4990
4540
4100
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
3520
5290
3150
4730
2800
4210
2510
3780
3230
4850
2880
4320
2550
3840
2290
3440
2940
4420
2620
3930
2320
3480
2070
3110
2660
4000
2360
3550
2090
3130
1860
2790
2400
3610
2130
3200
1880
2830
1680
2520
Properties
3670
5500
3140
4710
2680
4020
2280
3420
1950
2920
1670
2500
133
200
123
184
113
169
103
155
94.9
142
87.5
131
50100 75300 39200 58900 30400 45700 23300 35100 18200 27300 14200 21400
5860
8810
4970
7470
4210
6330
3550
5340
2980
4480
2510
3770
14.5
14.1
13.9
13.7
13.6
14.3
212
178
164
151
138
195
215
196
178
162
147
134
14300
4720
4.69
1.74
409000
135000
LRFD
c = 0.90
12400
4170
4.62
1.73
355000
119000
h
10800
3680
4.55
1.71
309000
105000
9430
3250
4.49
1.70
270000
93000
8210
2880
4.43
1.69
235000
82400
Flange thickness is greater than 2 in. Special requirements may apply per AISC
Specification Section A3.1c.

7190
2560
4.38
1.67
206000
73300
IV-6
Table 4-1 (continued)
W-Shapes
W14
Shape
lb/ft
W14
Design
0
Fy = 65 ksi
283h
398h
370h
342h
311h
426h
4870
7310
4550
6840
4240
6380
3930
5910
3560
5350
3240
4870
11
12
13
14
15
4460
4380
4300
4220
4130
6700
6590
6470
6340
6210
4170
4100
4020
3940
3860
6260
6160
6040
5920
5800
3870
3810
3740
3660
3580
5820
5720
5620
5500
5390
3590
3520
3460
3390
3310
5390
5290
5200
5090
4980
3240
3180
3120
3060
2990
4870
4780
4690
4590
4490
2950
2890
2840
2780
2720
4430
4350
4270
4180
4080
16
17
18
19
20
4040
3940
3840
3740
3640
6070
5930
5780
5630
5470
3770
3680
3590
3490
3390
5670
5530
5390
5250
5100
3500
3420
3330
3240
3140
5260
5130
5000
4860
4720
3230
3150
3070
2990
2900
4860
4740
4620
4490
4360
2920
2840
2770
2690
2610
4380
4270
4160
4040
3920
2650
2580
2510
2440
2370
3980
3880
3780
3670
3560
22
24
26
28
30
3420
3200
2980
2750
2530
5140
4810
4470
4140
3800
3190
2980
2770
2560
2350
4790
4480
4160
3840
3530
2950
2750
2550
2360
2160
4430
4140
3840
3540
3240
2720
2540
2350
2160
1980
4090
3810
3530
3250
2980
2440
2280
2110
1940
1770
3670
3420
3160
2910
2660
2220
2060
1900
1750
1600
3330
3100
2860
2630
2400
32
34
36
38
40
2310
2100
1900
1700
1540
3470
3160
2850
2560
2310
2140
1940
1750
1570
1420
3220
2920
2630
2360
2130
1970
1780
1600
1440
1300
2960
2680
2410
2160
1950
1800
1630
1460
1310
1180
2710
2450
2200
1970
1780
1610
1450
1300
1170
1050
2420
2180
1950
1750
1580
1450
1310
1170
1050
945
2180
1960
1750
1570
1420
42
44
46
48
50
1390
1270
1160
1070
983
2090
1910
1750
1600
1480
1290
1170
1070
985
907
1930
1760
1610
1480
1360
1180
1770
1070
1610
980
1470
900
1350
830
1250
Properties
1320
1980
1170
1760
76.7
115
71.9
108
9600 14400 7890 11900
1980
2970
1720
2590
13.2
13.4
122
114
1070
979
896
823
758
1610
1470
1350
1240
1140
954
869
795
730
673
1430
1310
1200
1100
1010
857
781
715
656
605
1290
1170
1070
986
909
1020
66.7
6320
1480
1540
100
9490
2230
13.1
106
874
61.1
4850
1240
1310
91.7
7290
1870
13.0
96.7
746
55.9
3710
1040
1120
83.9
5580
1570
12.9
88.3
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
1480
2220
81.5
122
11500 17200
2250
3380
13.4
130
125
6600
2360
4.34
1.67
189000
67500
LRFD
c = 0.90
117
6000
2170
4.31
1.66
172000
62100
h
109
5440
1990
4.27
1.66
156000
57000
101
4900
1810
4.24
1.65
140000
51800
91.4
4330
1610
4.20
1.64
124000
46100

83.3
3840
1440
4.17
1.63
110000
41200
IV-7
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
Shape
lb/ft
Design
W14
W14
257
233
211
193
176
159
2940
4420
2670
4010
2410
3630
2210
3320
2020
3030
1820
2730
6
7
8
9
10
2860
2830
2800
2760
2720
4300
4250
4200
4140
4080
2590
2560
2530
2500
2460
3890
3850
3800
3750
3690
2340
2320
2290
2260
2220
3520
3480
3440
3390
3340
2150
2120
2100
2070
2030
3220
3190
3150
3110
3060
1960
1930
1910
1880
1850
2940
2910
2870
2830
2780
1760
1740
1720
1700
1670
2650
2620
2590
2550
2510
11
12
13
14
15
2670
2620
2570
2510
2460
4010
3940
3860
3780
3690
2420
2370
2320
2270
2220
3630
3560
3490
3420
3340
2180
2140
2100
2050
2000
3280
3220
3150
3080
3010
2000
1960
1920
1880
1830
3000
2950
2890
2820
2750
1820
1780
1750
1710
1670
2740
2680
2630
2570
2500
1640
1610
1570
1540
1500
2460
2420
2360
2310
2250
16
17
18
19
20
2400
2330
2270
2200
2130
3600
3510
3410
3310
3210
2160
2110
2050
1990
1930
3250
3170
3080
2990
2890
1950
1900
1850
1790
1730
2940
2860
2780
2690
2610
1790
1740
1690
1640
1580
2680
2610
2540
2460
2380
1620
1580
1530
1490
1440
2440
2370
2300
2230
2160
1460
1420
1380
1330
1290
2190
2130
2070
2010
1940
22
24
26
28
30
2000
1850
1710
1570
1430
3000
2790
2570
2360
2150
1800
1670
1540
1410
1280
2700
2510
2310
2120
1930
1620
1500
1380
1260
1150
2430
2250
2070
1900
1720
1480
1370
1260
1150
1040
2220
2050
1890
1730
1570
1340
1240
1140
1040
941
2010
1860
1710
1560
1410
1200
1110
1020
929
842
1810
1670
1530
1400
1270
32
34
36
38
40
1290
1160
1040
932
841
1940
1750
1560
1400
1260
1160
1040
927
832
751
1740
1560
1390
1250
1130
941
841
750
673
608
1410
1260
1130
1010
914
847
756
674
605
546
1270
1140
1010
909
821
757
675
602
540
487
1140
1010
905
812
733
637
51.1
2830
869
955
76.7
4250
1310
12.8
80.7
538
46.4
2110
720
807
69.6
3170
1080
12.7
73.5
1040
1560
927
1390
827
1240
742
1120
670
1010
Properties
459
688
42.5
63.7
1630
2460
592
890
12.6
67.2
393
38.6
1220
504
590
57.9
1840
758
12.5
61.8
343
36.0
992
417
515
54.0
1490
627
12.5
57.1
289
32.3
716
344
433
48.4
1080
518
12.4
52.4
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
75.6
3400
1290
4.13
1.62
97300
36900
LRFD
68.5
3010
1150
4.10
1.62
86200
32900
62.0
2660
1030
4.07
1.61
76100
29500
56.8
2400
931
4.05
1.60
68700
26600
51.8
2140
838
4.02
1.60
61300
24000
c = 0.90

46.7
1900
748
4.00
1.60
54400
21400
IV-8
W-Shapes
W14
Shape
lb/ft
Design
0
Fy = 65 ksi
W14
145
132
120
109
99
90
1660
2500
1510
2270
1370
2070
1250
1870
1130
1700
1030
1550
6
7
8
9
10
1610
1590
1570
1550
1520
2420
2390
2360
2330
2290
1460
1440
1420
1400
1370
2190
2160
2130
2100
2060
1330
1310
1290
1270
1250
1990
1970
1940
1910
1870
1200
1190
1170
1150
1130
1810
1780
1760
1730
1700
1090
1080
1060
1040
1030
1640
1620
1600
1570
1540
995
982
968
951
933
1500
1480
1450
1430
1400
11
12
13
14
15
1500
1470
1440
1400
1370
2250
2210
2160
2110
2060
1340
1310
1280
1250
1210
2020
1970
1930
1880
1830
1220
1190
1160
1130
1100
1830
1790
1750
1700
1660
1110
1080
1050
1030
998
1660
1620
1590
1540
1500
1000
982
957
932
906
1510
1480
1440
1400
1360
914
893
871
848
824
1370
1340
1310
1270
1240
16
17
18
19
20
1330
1290
1260
1220
1180
2000
1950
1890
1830
1770
1180
1140
1100
1060
1030
1770
1720
1660
1600
1540
1070
1040
1000
965
929
1610
1560
1500
1450
1400
968
937
906
873
840
1460
1410
1360
1310
1260
878
850
821
791
761
1320
1280
1230
1190
1140
799
773
746
719
691
1200
1160
1120
1080
1040
22
24
26
28
30
1090
1010
927
844
764
1640
1520
1390
1270
1150
945
865
785
707
632
1420
1300
1180
1060
950
856
782
709
638
569
1290
1180
1070
959
856
774
707
640
576
514
1160
1060
963
866
772
700
639
578
519
463
1050
960
869
781
696
636
580
525
471
419
956
872
789
708
630
32
34
36
38
40
686
611
545
489
441
1030
918
819
735
663
559
495
442
397
358
840
744
664
596
538
454
402
359
322
290
682
604
539
484
437
408
362
323
290
261
614
544
485
435
393
370
328
292
262
237
556
492
439
394
356
249
29.5
543
289
373
44.2
816
434
12.3
48.7
228
28.0
464
258
342
41.9
697
388
11.6
44.3
503
756
446
670
398
598
357
536
322
484
Properties
197
295
25.6
38.4
356
535
215
323
11.6
41.5
166
22.8
251
180
249
34.1
377
270
11.6
39.1
145
21.0
197
148
218
31.5
297
222
11.5
36.8
125
19.1
147
123
187
28.6
222
184
11.5
34.9
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
42.7
1710
677
3.98
1.59
48900
19400
LRFD
38.8
1530
548
3.76
1.67
43800
15700
35.3
1380
495
3.74
1.67
39500
14200
32.0
1240
447
3.73
1.67
35500
12800
29.1
1110
402
3.71
1.66
31800
11500
c = 0.90

26.5
999
362
3.70
1.66
28600
10400
IV-9
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
Shape
lb/ft
Design
W14
W14
82
74
68
61
53
48c
43c
P n / c c P n P n / c c P n P n / c c P n P n / c c P n P n / c c P n P n / c c P n P n / c c P n
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
934 1400 849 1280 778 1170 697 1050 607
913
541
813
474
712
6
7
8
9
10
862
838
810
780
748
1300
1260
1220
1170
1120
783
761
736
709
679
1180
1140
1110
1060
1020
718
697
674
648
621
1080
1050
1010
974
933
642
623
602
579
555
965
936
905
871
834
531
506
479
449
419
798
761
720
676
630
479
457
432
405
377
720
686
649
609
567
419
401
381
358
334
630
603
572
539
502
11
12
13
14
15
714
678
641
604
566
1070
1020
964
908
851
648
616
583
549
514
974
926
876
824
773
592
562
531
500
468
890
845
798
751
703
529
502
474
446
417
795
754
712
670
627
387
356
324
293
263
582
535
487
441
396
349
320
291
263
236
524
481
438
395
355
308
282
257
231
207
464
425
386
348
311
16
17
18
19
20
528
491
454
418
384
794
738
683
629
576
480
446
413
380
348
721
670
620
571
524
436
405
374
344
315
656
609
562
517
473
389
360
333
306
280
584
542
500
460
421
234
208
185
166
150
352
312
278
250
226
210
186
166
149
134
315
279
249
224
202
184
163
145
130
117
276
244
218
196
177
22
24
26
28
30
318
267
228
197
171
478
402
343
295
257
289
243
207
179
156
435
365
311
268
234
261
219
187
161
140
392
330
281
242
211
232
195
166
143
125
348
293
249
215
187
124
104
88.8
76.6
66.7
186
157
133
115
100
111
93.2
79.4
68.5
59.7
167
140
119
103
89.7
97.1
81.6
69.5
59.9
52.2
146
123
104
90.1
78.5
32
34
36
38
40
150
133
119
107
96.3
226
200
179
160
145
137
121
108
96.9
87.5
205
182
162
146
131
58.6
88.1
160
22.1
229
178
240
33.2
344
267
7.68
26.7
135
19.5
157
150
202
29.3
236
225
7.68
25.2
123
185
110
165
109
164 97.0 146
97.5 147 86.5 130
87.5 131 77.7 117
79.0 119 70.1 105
Properties
118
177
101
151
18.0 27.0 16.3 24.4
124
186 91.3 137
126
190
101
152
7.62
7.59
24.0
22.7
100
16.0
87.4
106
150
24.1
131
159
5.95
18.4
87.7
14.7
67.9
86.1
131
22.1
102
129
5.92
17.6
74.0
13.2
49.1
68.3
111
19.8
73.8
103
5.86
16.8
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
24.0
881
148
2.48
2.44
25200
4240
LRFD
c = 0.90
21.8
795
134
2.48
2.44
22800
3840
c
20.0
722
121
2.46
2.44
20700
3460
17.9
640
107
2.45
2.44
18300
3060
15.6
541
57.7
1.92
3.07
15500
1650
14.1
484
51.4
1.91
3.06
13900
1470
Shape is slender for compression with F y = 65 ksi.
Note: Heavy line indicates KL /r y equal to or greater than 200.

12.6
428
45.2
1.89
3.08
12300
1290
IV-10
W-Shapes
W12
Shape
lb/ft
Design
0
Fy = 65 ksi
W12
210
305h
279h
252h
230h
336h
ASD
LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
3850
5790
3480
5240
3190
4790
2880
4330
2640
3960
2410
3620
6
7
8
9
10
3700
3640
3580
3510
3440
5550
5470
5380
5280
5160
3340
3290
3230
3170
3100
5020
4940
4860
4760
4660
3050
3010
2950
2890
2830
4590
4520
4440
4350
4250
2760
2720
2670
2610
2550
4150
4080
4010
3920
3830
2520
2480
2430
2380
2330
3790
3730
3660
3580
3500
2300
2260
2220
2170
2120
3450
3400
3330
3260
3180
11
12
13
14
15
3350
3270
3180
3080
2980
5040
4910
4770
4630
4480
3020
2940
2860
2770
2680
4540
4420
4300
4160
4020
2760
2680
2600
2520
2430
4140
4030
3910
3790
3660
2490
2420
2340
2270
2190
3740
3630
3520
3410
3290
2270
2200
2130
2060
1990
3400
3310
3210
3100
2990
2060
2000
1940
1870
1810
3100
3010
2920
2820
2720
16
17
18
19
20
2880
2770
2660
2550
2440
4320
4170
4000
3840
3670
2580
2480
2380
2280
2180
3880
3730
3580
3430
3280
2350
2250
2160
2070
1970
3530
3390
3250
3110
2970
2110
2020
1940
1850
1770
3170
3040
2910
2780
2650
1910
1840
1760
1680
1600
2880
2760
2640
2520
2400
1740
1670
1590
1520
1450
2610
2500
2390
2280
2170
22
24
26
28
30
2220
2000
1790
1580
1380
3340
3010
2680
2370
2080
1980
1780
1580
1390
1210
2970
2670
2370
2090
1820
1790
1600
1420
1250
1090
2680
2400
2130
1870
1630
1590
1420
1260
1100
959
2390
2140
1890
1650
1440
1440
1280
1130
988
860
2160
1930
1700
1480
1290
1300
1160
1020
885
771
1950
1740
1530
1330
1160
32
34
36
38
40
1210
1080
959
861
777
1820
1620
1440
1290
1170
1070
945
843
757
683
1600
1420
1270
1140
1030
954
1430
845
1270
754
1130
676
1020
610
917
Properties
1170
1750
1020
1530
70.6
106
66.3
99.5
8770 13200 7270 10900
1790
2690
1480
2230
10.6
10.5
105
96.8
843
746
666
598
539
1270
1120
1000
898
811
756
670
597
536
484
1140
1010
898
806
727
678
600
535
481
434
1020
902
805
722
652
865
60.7
5560
1230
1300
91.0
8350
1850
10.3
88.0
746
55.9
4340
1040
1120
83.9
6530
1570
10.3
80.7
639
51.1
3340
878
959
76.7
5020
1320
10.2
73.9
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
1370
77.1
11400
2130
2050
116
17200
3200
10.7
116
98.9
4060
1190
3.47
1.85
116000
34100
LRFD
c = 0.90
89.5
3550
1050
3.42
1.84
102000
30100
h
81.9
3110
937
3.38
1.82
89000
26800
74.1
2720
828
3.34
1.81
77900
23700
67.7
2420
742
3.31
1.80
69300
21200

61.8
2140
664
3.28
1.80
61300
19000
IV-11
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
Shape
lb/ft
Design
W12
W12
190
170
152
136
120
106
2180
3280
1950
2920
1740
2610
1550
2330
1370
2060
1210
1830
6
7
8
9
10
2080
2050
2010
1960
1910
3130
3070
3020
2950
2880
1860
1820
1790
1750
1710
2790
2740
2690
2630
2560
1660
1630
1600
1560
1520
2490
2450
2400
2350
2290
1480
1450
1420
1390
1350
2220
2180
2140
2090
2040
1300
1280
1250
1220
1190
1960
1920
1880
1840
1790
1150
1130
1110
1080
1050
1730
1700
1670
1630
1580
11
12
13
14
15
1860
1810
1750
1690
1630
2800
2720
2630
2540
2450
1660
1610
1560
1500
1450
2490
2420
2340
2260
2170
1480
1430
1390
1340
1290
2220
2150
2080
2010
1930
1320
1270
1230
1190
1140
1980
1920
1850
1780
1710
1160
1120
1080
1040
1000
1740
1680
1630
1570
1500
1020
990
956
920
883
1540
1490
1440
1380
1330
16
17
18
19
20
1560
1500
1430
1370
1300
2350
2250
2150
2050
1950
1390
1330
1270
1210
1150
2090
2000
1910
1820
1730
1230
1180
1130
1070
1020
1850
1770
1690
1610
1530
1090
1050
996
947
898
1640
1570
1500
1420
1350
958
915
871
827
783
1440
1380
1310
1240
1180
845
807
768
729
689
1270
1210
1150
1100
1040
22
24
26
28
30
1160
1030
908
788
686
1750
1550
1360
1180
1030
1030
910
797
690
601
1540
1370
1200
1040
904
907
802
701
606
528
1360
1210
1050
910
793
800
705
615
530
462
1200
1060
924
797
695
697
613
532
459
400
1050
921
800
690
601
612
537
466
402
350
920
808
700
604
526
32
34
36
38
40
603
534
476
428
386
906
803
716
643
580
528
468
418
375
338
794
704
628
563
508
406
360
321
288
260
610
541
482
433
391
352
311
278
249
225
528
468
417
375
338
308
272
243
218
197
462
410
365
328
296
535
45.9
2420
737
803
68.9
3640
1110
10.1
67.4
449
41.6
1800
592
674
62.4
2710
890
9.98
60.7
464
697
411
617
366
551
329
494
297
446
Properties
377
566
37.7
56.6
1330
2000
477
717
9.88
54.8
317
34.2
1000
380
475
51.4
1500
571
9.79
49.1
262
30.8
726
300
392
46.2
1090
450
9.70
44.2
210
26.4
462
238
315
39.7
694
358
9.63
39.9
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
56.0
1890
589
3.25
1.79
54100
16900
LRFD
50.0
1650
517
3.22
1.78
47200
14800
44.7
1430
454
3.19
1.77
40900
13000
39.9
1240
398
3.16
1.77
35500
11400
35.2
1070
345
3.13
1.76
30600
9870
c = 0.90

31.2
933
301
3.11
1.76
26700
8620
IV-12
W-Shapes
W12
Shape
lb/ft
W12
96
Design
0
Fy = 65 ksi
87
79
72
65
58
1100
1650
996
1500
903
1360
821
1230
743
1120
662
994
6
7
8
9
10
1040
1020
1000
977
951
1570
1540
1510
1470
1430
946
928
908
886
862
1420
1390
1360
1330
1300
856
840
822
802
779
1290
1260
1240
1200
1170
779
764
747
728
708
1170
1150
1120
1090
1060
704
691
675
658
640
1060
1040
1020
989
962
612
595
576
555
532
920
894
865
834
800
11
12
13
14
15
923
893
861
829
795
1390
1340
1290
1250
1190
836
808
780
750
719
1260
1210
1170
1130
1080
756
731
704
677
648
1140
1100
1060
1020
975
687
664
639
614
589
1030
997
961
923
885
620
599
577
554
530
932
900
867
833
797
509
484
458
432
406
765
727
689
650
610
16
17
18
19
20
760
725
690
654
619
1140
1090
1040
983
930
687
655
622
590
557
1030
984
936
887
838
620
590
561
531
501
931
887
843
798
753
562
535
508
481
454
845
805
764
723
683
506
482
457
432
408
761
724
687
650
613
379
353
327
302
277
570
531
492
454
417
22
24
26
28
30
548
481
416
358
312
824
722
625
539
469
493
432
373
321
280
742
649
560
483
421
443
387
333
287
250
666
582
501
432
376
401
350
301
260
226
603
526
453
390
340
360
313
269
232
202
540
471
404
349
304
231
194
165
143
124
347
292
249
214
187
32
34
36
38
40
274
243
217
195
176
413
365
326
293
264
246
218
194
174
157
370
327
292
262
237
199
176
157
141
127
299
265
236
212
191
178
157
140
126
114
267
236
211
189
171
109
96.7
86.3
77.4
69.9
164
145
130
116
105
179
23.8
337
197
268
35.8
507
296
9.57
37.0
157
22.3
277
160
236
33.5
416
240
9.51
34.4
220
331
195
293
174
261
156
234
141
212
Properties
135
203
20.4
30.6
211
316
131
198
9.45
32.1
118
18.6
161
109
177
28.0
243
164
9.42
30.4
101
16.9
121
89.0
152
25.4
181
134
9.36
28.8
96.7
15.6
94.7
99.6
145
23.4
142
150
7.78
24.4
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
28.2
833
270
3.09
1.76
23800
7730
LRFD
25.6
740
241
3.07
1.75
21200
6900
23.2
662
216
3.05
1.75
18900
6180
21.1
597
195
3.04
1.75
17100
5580
19.1
533
174
3.02
1.75
15300
4980
c = 0.90

17.0
475
107
2.51
2.10
13600
3060
IV-13
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
Shape
lb/ft
58
W12
50
P n / c
c P n
ASD
LRFD
568
854
P n / c
ASD
662
c P n
LRFD
994
P n / c
ASD
607
c P n
LRFD
913
6
7
8
9
10
612
595
576
555
532
920
894
865
834
800
560
544
527
507
486
842
818
791
762
731
500
477
452
426
398
11
12
13
14
15
509
484
458
432
406
765
727
689
650
610
464
441
417
393
368
697
662
627
590
553
16
17
18
19
20
379
353
327
302
277
570
531
492
454
417
343
319
295
272
249
22
24
26
28
30
231
194
165
143
124
347
292
249
214
187
207
174
148
128
111
32
34
36
38
40
109
96.7
86.3
77.4
69.9
164
145
130
116
105
97.8
86.6
77.3
69.4
62.6
96.7
15.6
94.7
99.6
145
23.4
142
150
7.78
24.4
88.2
15.0
83.6
80.4
Design
53
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
17.0
475
107
2.51
2.10
13600
3060
LRFD
c = 0.90
W12
45
40c
P n / c
c P n
ASD
LRFD
450
676
P n / c
ASD
510
c P n
LRFD
766
751
717
680
640
598
448
427
405
381
356
673
642
609
573
535
400
381
361
339
317
600
573
542
510
476
369
340
311
283
255
555
511
468
425
383
330
304
278
252
227
496
456
417
378
341
293
270
246
223
201
441
405
370
336
302
516
480
444
409
375
228
203
181
162
146
343
304
272
244
220
203
180
160
144
130
305
270
241
216
195
179
159
142
127
115
270
239
213
191
173
311
261
223
192
167
121
102
86.6
74.7
65.0
182
153
130
112
97.8
107
90.3
76.9
66.3
57.8
161
136
116
100
86.8
95.0
79.8
68.0
58.6
51.1
143
120
102
88.1
76.8
147
57.2
85.9
130
116
104
94.1
Properties
132
91.4
137
22.4
16.0
24.1
126
101
151
121
99.6
150
7.68
6.07
23.2
19.5
50.8
76.3
44.9
67.5
78.4
14.5
74.8
80.4
118
21.8
112
121
6.04
18.5
65.2
12.8
51.1
64.5
97.8
19.2
76.8
97.0
6.01
17.6
15.6
425
95.8
2.48
2.11
12200
2740
14.6
391
56.3
1.96
2.64
11200
1610
13.1
348
50.0
1.95
2.64
9960
1430


11.7
307
44.1
1.94
2.64
8790
1260
IV-14
W-Shapes
W10
Shape
lb/ft
Design
0
Fy = 65 ksi
W10
112
100
88
77
68
60
1280
1920
1140
1710
1010
1520
884
1330
775
1160
689
1040
6
7
8
9
10
1200
1170
1130
1100
1060
1800
1750
1700
1650
1590
1060
1040
1010
974
938
1600
1560
1510
1460
1410
942
918
892
862
830
1420
1380
1340
1300
1250
821
800
776
750
722
1230
1200
1170
1130
1080
720
701
680
657
632
1080
1050
1020
987
949
639
622
603
582
560
961
935
907
875
842
11
12
13
14
15
1020
973
928
881
834
1530
1460
1390
1320
1250
901
861
820
778
736
1350
1290
1230
1170
1110
796
761
724
687
648
1200
1140
1090
1030
974
692
660
627
594
560
1040
992
943
893
842
605
577
549
519
489
909
868
825
780
736
536
511
485
459
432
806
768
730
690
650
16
17
18
19
20
786
738
691
644
597
1180
1110
1040
967
898
692
649
606
564
523
1040
976
912
848
786
610
571
533
495
459
916
859
801
745
689
526
492
458
425
393
791
740
689
639
591
459
429
400
371
342
690
646
601
557
515
405
379
352
326
301
609
569
529
490
452
22
24
26
28
30
509
428
365
315
274
765
644
548
473
412
444
373
318
274
239
667
560
478
412
359
388
326
278
239
209
583
490
417
360
313
331
278
237
204
178
497
418
356
307
267
288
242
206
178
155
433
364
310
267
233
252
212
181
156
136
379
318
271
234
204
32
34
36
38
40
241
213
190
171
154
362
321
286
257
232
210
186
166
149
134
315
279
249
224
202
156
139
124
111
100
235
208
186
167
150
136
121
108
96.5
87.1
205
181
162
145
131
119
106
94.2
84.5
76.3
179
159
142
127
115
286
32.7
1080
380
429
49.1
1630
571
8.30
49.6
239
29.5
786
305
358
44.2
1180
459
8.21
44.8
183
276
162
244
145
218
130
195
117
176
Properties
195
293
26.2
39.3
556
835
238
358
8.15
39.9
157
23.0
374
184
236
34.5
563
277
8.05
35.5
129
20.4
261
144
194
30.6
392
217
8.02
32.1
107
18.2
186
112
161
27.3
280
169
7.96
29.2
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
32.9
716
236
2.68
1.74
20500
6750
LRFD
29.3
623
207
2.65
1.74
17800
5920
26.0
534
179
2.63
1.73
15300
5120
22.7
455
154
2.60
1.73
13000
4410
19.9
394
134
2.59
1.71
11300
3840
c = 0.90

17.7
341
116
2.57
1.71
9760
3320
IV-15
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
Shape
lb/ft
54
W10
45
P n / c
c P n
ASD
LRFD
518
778
P n / c
ASD
615
c P n
LRFD
924
P n / c
ASD
560
c P n
LRFD
842
6
7
8
9
10
570
555
538
519
499
857
834
809
780
750
519
505
489
472
453
780
759
735
709
681
458
438
417
393
369
11
12
13
14
15
478
455
432
408
384
718
684
649
614
578
434
413
392
370
348
652
621
589
556
523
16
17
18
19
20
360
336
313
289
267
542
505
470
435
401
326
304
282
261
240
22
24
26
28
30
223
188
160
138
120
336
282
240
207
180
32
34
36
38
40
106
93.5
83.4
74.8
67.6
89.8
16.0
127
92.0
Design
49
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
W10
39
33
P n / c
ASD
448
c P n
LRFD
673
P n / c
ASD
378
c P n
LRFD
568
689
659
626
591
554
395
377
358
337
316
593
567
538
507
474
332
316
299
282
263
498
475
450
423
395
344
318
292
266
242
516
478
439
401
363
293
271
248
226
204
441
407
373
339
307
243
224
204
185
167
366
336
307
278
251
489
456
424
392
361
217
194
173
155
140
327
292
260
234
211
183
163
145
130
118
275
245
218
196
177
149
132
118
106
95.4
224
198
177
159
143
200
168
143
124
108
301
253
216
186
162
116
97.4
83.0
71.5
62.3
174
146
125
108
93.7
97.2
81.7
69.6
60.0
52.3
146
123
105
90.2
78.6
78.8
66.2
56.4
48.7
42.4
118
100
84.8
73.1
63.7
159
141
125
112
102
94.7
83.9
74.8
67.2
60.6
142
126
112
101
91.1
54.8
82.3
46.0
69.1
37.3
56.0
135
24.1
192
138
7.93
27.0
78.1
14.7
98.7
76.3
70.3
13.7
78.3
68.3
105
20.5
118
103
6.13
19.7
58.7
12.6
61.2
46.0
88.1
18.9
92.0
69.2
6.01
18.0
15.8
303
103
2.56
1.71
8670
2950
LRFD
Properties
117
84.9
127
22.1
15.2
22.8
148
107
161
115
93.5
141
7.87
6.23
25.6
21.6
14.4
272
93.4
2.54
1.71
7790
2670
13.3
248
53.4
2.01
2.15
7100
1530
11.5
209
45.0
1.98
2.16
5980
1290
c = 0.90

9.71
171
36.6
1.94
2.16
4890
1050
IV-16
W-Shapes
W8
Shape
lb/ft
W8
67
Design
Fy = 65 ksi
58
48
40
35
31
767
1150
666
1000
549
825
455
684
401
603
355
534
6
7
8
9
10
687
660
631
599
565
1030
993
948
901
850
595
572
546
518
488
895
859
820
778
733
490
470
448
425
400
736
706
674
638
601
405
388
369
349
328
608
583
555
524
493
356
341
324
306
288
535
512
487
460
432
315
301
287
271
254
473
453
431
407
382
11
12
13
14
15
530
495
458
422
386
797
743
689
634
581
457
426
394
362
331
687
640
592
544
498
374
348
322
295
269
562
523
483
444
405
306
284
261
239
217
460
426
393
359
327
268
248
229
209
190
403
373
344
314
285
237
219
202
184
167
356
329
303
277
251
16
17
18
19
20
352
318
285
256
231
528
478
429
385
347
301
271
243
218
197
452
408
365
328
296
244
220
197
176
159
367
331
295
265
239
196
176
157
141
127
295
264
236
212
191
171
153
137
123
111
257
230
206
184
166
151
135
120
108
97.2
226
202
180
162
146
22
24
26
28
30
191
160
137
118
103
287
241
205
177
154
163
137
116
100
87.5
244
205
175
151
131
132
111
94.2
81.2
70.7
198
166
142
122
106
105
88.2
75.2
64.8
56.5
158
133
113
97.4
84.9
91.5
76.9
65.5
56.5
49.2
138
116
98.5
84.9
74.0
80.3
67.5
57.5
49.6
43.2
121
101
86.5
74.5
64.9
32
34
90.3
79.9
136
120
76.9
68.1
116
102
62.2
55.1
93.5
82.8
49.6
74.6
43.3
65.0
38.0
57.1
164
24.7
578
213
246
37.1
868
320
6.57
36.9
133
22.1
414
160
199
33.2
622
240
6.51
32.4
74.4
15.6
145
76.3
112
23.4
218
115
6.32
23.8
59.7
13.4
92.5
59.6
89.6
20.2
139
89.6
6.29
21.7
51.2
12.4
71.9
46.0
76.8
18.5
108
69.2
6.26
20.1
P wo , kips
P wi , kips/in.
P wb , kips
P fb , kips
L p , ft
L r , ft
A g , in.2
I x , in.4
I y , in.4
r y , in.
r x /r y
P ex (KL )2/104, k-in.2
P ey (KL )2/104, k-in.2
ASD
c = 1.67
19.7
272
88.6
2.12
1.75
7790
2540
LRFD
17.1
228
75.1
2.1
1.74
6530
2150
Properties
93.6
140
17.3
26.0
199
298
114
172
6.44
27.6
14.1
184
60.9
2.08
1.74
5270
1740
11.7
146
49.1
2.04
1.73
4180
1410
10.3
127
42.6
2.03
1.73
3630
1220
Note: Heavy line indicates KL/r y equal to or greater than 200.
c = 0.90

9.13
110
37.1
2.02
1.72
3150
1060
IV-17
DESIGN TABLE DISCUSSION

Table 6-1. W-Shapes in Combined Flexure and Axial Force, 65 ksi
Steel W-shapes with Fy = 65 ksi (ASTM A913 Grade 65) and subject to combined axial force (tension or
compression) and flexure may be checked for compliance with the provisions of Section H1.1 and H1.2 of
the AISC Specification using values listed in Table 6-1 and the appropriate interaction equations provided
in the following sections.
Values p, bx, by, ty and tr presented in Table 6-1 are defined as follows.
LRFD
ASD
Axial Compression
p =
1
, (kips) 1
c Pn
p =
c
, (kips) 1
Pn
Strong Axis Bending
bx =
8
, (kip-ft) 1
9b M nx
bx =
8b
, (kip-ft)1
9 M nx
Weak Axis Bending
by =
8
, (kip-ft) 1
9b M ny
by =
8b
, (kip-ft) 1
9 M ny
Tension Yielding
ty =
1
, (kips) 1
t Fy Ag
ty =
t
, (kips) 1
Fy Ag
Tension Rupture
tr =
1
, (kips) 1
t Fu 0.75 Ag
tr =
t
, (kips) 1
Fu 0.75 Ag
Combined Flexure and Compression

Equations H1-1a and H1-1b of the AISC Specification may be written as follows using the coefficients
listed in Table 6-1 and defined previously.
When pPr 0.2:
pPr + bx M rx + by M ry 1.0
When pPr < 0.2:

1
pPr + 9 8 bx M rx + by M ry 1.0
(6-1)
(6-2)
The designer may check acceptability of a given shape using the appropriate interaction equation from the
preceding list. See Aminmansour (2000) for more information on this method, including an alternative
approach for selection of a trial shape.
Combined Flexure and Tension

Equations H1-1a and H1-1b of the AISC Specification may be written as follows using the coefficients
listed in Table 6-1 and defined previously.
When pPr 0.2:
(t y or tr ) Pr + bx M rx + by M ry 1.0
When pPr < 0.2:

1
(t y or tr ) Pr + 9 8 (bx M rx + by M ry ) 1.0
The larger value of ty and tr should be used in the preceding equations.

(6-3)
(6-4)
IV-18
The designer may check acceptability of a given shape using the appropriate interaction equation from
above along with variables tr, ty, bx and by. See Aminmansour (2006) for more information on this method.
It is noted that the values for tr listed in Table 6-1 are based on the assumption that Ae = 0.75Ag. See Part 5
for more information on this assumption. When Ae > 0.75Ag, the tabulated values for tr are conservative.
When Ae < 0.75Ag, tr must be calculated based upon the actual value of Ae.
General Considerations for Use of Values Listed in Table 6-1

The following remarks are offered for consideration in use of the values listed in Table 6-1.
1. Values of p, bx and by already account for section compactness and can be used directly.
2. Tabulated values of bx assumed Cb = 1.0. A procedure for determining bx when Cb > 1.0 follows.
3. Given that the limit state of lateral-torsional buckling does not apply to W-shapes bent about their
weak axis, values of by are independent of unbraced length and Cb.
4. Values of bx equally apply to combined flexure and compression as well as combined flexure and
tension.
5. Smaller values of variable p for a given KL and smaller values of bx for a given Lb indicate higher
strength for the type of load in question. For example, a section with a smaller p at a certain KL is
more effective in carrying axial compression than another section with a larger value of p at the same
KL. Similarly, a section with a smaller bx is more effective for flexure at a given Lb than another
section with a larger bx for the same Lb. This information may be used to select more efficient shapes
when relatively large amounts of axial load or bending are present.
Determination of bx when Cb > 1.0
The tabulated values of bx assume that Cb = 1.0. These values may be modified in accordance with AISC
Specification Sections F1 and H1.2. The following procedure may be used to account for Cb > 1.0.
bx (Cb =1.0)
bxmin
bx (Cb >1.0) =
(6-5)
Cb
Values of bxmin are listed in Table 6-1 at Lb = 0 ft. See Aminmansour (2009) for more information on this
method. Values for p, bx, by, ty and tr presented in Table 6-1 have been multiplied by 103. Thus, when used
in the appropriate interaction equation they must be multiplied by 10-3 (0.001).

IV-19
Table 6-1
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W44
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
Effective length, KL (ft), with respect to least radius of gyration, ry ,

or Unbraced Length, Lb (ft), for X-X axis bending
Design
(kips)
ASD LRFD
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
262c,v
b x 10
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.276
0.184
0.169
0.113
0.333
0.221
0.194
0.129
0.378
0.251
0.216
0.144
11
12
13
14
15
0.309
0.315
0.323
0.331
0.341
0.205
0.210
0.215
0.221
0.227
0.170
0.173
0.176
0.179
0.183
0.113
0.115
0.117
0.119
0.122
0.370
0.378
0.387
0.396
0.407
0.246
0.251
0.257
0.264
0.271
0.195
0.199
0.203
0.207
0.211
0.130
0.132
0.135
0.138
0.140
0.420
0.428
0.438
0.449
0.461
0.279
0.285
0.291
0.299
0.307
0.217
0.221
0.226
0.231
0.236
0.144
0.147
0.150
0.154
0.157
16
17
18
19
20
0.352
0.363
0.376
0.391
0.409
0.234
0.242
0.250
0.260
0.272
0.187
0.190
0.194
0.198
0.203
0.124
0.127
0.129
0.132
0.135
0.419
0.433
0.447
0.464
0.482
0.279
0.288
0.298
0.309
0.321
0.215
0.220
0.225
0.230
0.235
0.143
0.146
0.150
0.153
0.156
0.474
0.489
0.506
0.524
0.544
0.316
0.325
0.336
0.349
0.362
0.241
0.246
0.252
0.258
0.264
0.160
0.164
0.168
0.172
0.176
22
24
26
28
30
0.449
0.498
0.558
0.629
0.719
0.299
0.332
0.371
0.419
0.478
0.212
0.222
0.233
0.245
0.258
0.141
0.147
0.155
0.163
0.172
0.525
0.577
0.643
0.726
0.829
0.349
0.384
0.428
0.483
0.552
0.246
0.258
0.272
0.287
0.304
0.164
0.172
0.181
0.191
0.202
0.591
0.649
0.721
0.812
0.928
0.393
0.432
0.480
0.540
0.617
0.278
0.292
0.309
0.327
0.348
0.185
0.195
0.206
0.218
0.232
32
34
36
38
40
0.818
0.923
1.03
1.15
1.28
0.544
0.614
0.689
0.767
0.850
0.273
0.296
0.323
0.350
0.377
0.182
0.197
0.215
0.233
0.251
0.943
1.06
1.19
1.33
1.47
0.628
0.708
0.794
0.885
0.980
0.328
0.361
0.395
0.429
0.464
0.218
0.240
0.263
0.286
0.309
1.06
1.19
1.34
1.49
1.65
0.702
0.793
0.889
0.990
1.10
0.384
0.424
0.465
0.507
0.549
0.256
0.282
0.310
0.337
0.365
42
44
46
48
50
1.41
1.55
1.69
1.84
2.00
0.937
1.03
1.12
1.22
1.33
0.404 0.269 1.62

1.08
0.499 0.332
0.431 0.287 1.78
1.19
0.534 0.355
0.459 0.305 1.95
1.30
0.570 0.379
0.486 0.323 2.12
1.41
0.605 0.403
0.514 0.342 2.30
1.53
0.641 0.426
Other Constants and Properties
0.773
1.34
0.889
1.82
2.00
2.18
2.37
2.58
1.21
1.33
1.45
1.58
1.71
0.592
0.635
0.679
0.722
0.766
0.394
0.423
0.452
0.481
0.510
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.16
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.261
t r 10 (kips)
r x /r y
0.338
r y , in.
290c
335
3
W44
-1
0.174
0.301
0.226
0.390
1.51
1.00
0.200
0.333
0.221
0.260
0.432
0.288
5.10
5.10
5.10
3.49
3.49
3.47
Shape does not meet the h /t w limit for shear in AISC Specification Section G2.1(a) with F y = 65 ksi; therefore,
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-20
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W44-W40
W44
Shape
230
b x 10
-1
503h
593
3
p 10
b x 10
p 10
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
(kip-ft)
(kips)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
0.148 0.0982 0.0993 0.0661 0.174 0.116
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.118 0.0786
11
12
13
14
15
0.492
0.502
0.513
0.526
0.540
0.327
0.334
0.342
0.350
0.359
0.251
0.256
0.262
0.268
0.273
0.167
0.171
0.174
0.178
0.182
0.166
0.169
0.173
0.178
0.183
0.110
0.113
0.115
0.118
0.122
0.0993
0.0995
0.101
0.102
0.103
0.0661
0.0662
0.0669
0.0676
0.0684
0.196
0.200
0.205
0.211
0.217
0.130
0.133
0.137
0.140
0.144
0.118
0.119
0.120
0.122
0.123
0.0786
0.0791
0.0801
0.0811
0.0821
16
17
18
19
20
0.555
0.573
0.592
0.613
0.636
0.369
0.381
0.394
0.408
0.423
0.280
0.286
0.293
0.300
0.308
0.186
0.190
0.195
0.200
0.205
0.188
0.194
0.201
0.208
0.216
0.125
0.129
0.134
0.138
0.144
0.104
0.105
0.106
0.107
0.109
0.0691
0.0699
0.0707
0.0715
0.0723
0.224
0.231
0.239
0.248
0.258
0.149
0.154
0.159
0.165
0.172
0.125
0.127
0.128
0.130
0.132
0.0832
0.0843
0.0854
0.0866
0.0878
22
24
26
28
30
0.690
0.758
0.841
0.946
1.08
0.459
0.504
0.560
0.630
0.719
0.324
0.342
0.362
0.384
0.417
0.215
0.227
0.241
0.256
0.277
0.234
0.255
0.280
0.310
0.347
0.155
0.170
0.186
0.207
0.231
0.111
0.114
0.117
0.120
0.123
0.0740
0.0758
0.0777
0.0797
0.0817
0.280
0.307
0.339
0.377
0.423
0.186
0.204
0.225
0.251
0.281
0.136
0.140
0.144
0.148
0.153
0.0903
0.0929
0.0957
0.0986
0.102
32
34
36
38
40
1.23
1.39
1.56
1.73
1.92
0.818
0.924
1.04
1.15
1.28
0.466
0.516
0.568
0.621
0.674
0.310
0.343
0.378
0.413
0.449
0.390
0.441
0.494
0.551
0.610
0.260
0.293
0.329
0.366
0.406
0.126
0.130
0.133
0.137
0.141
0.0839
0.0862
0.0887
0.0912
0.0940
0.479
0.541
0.606
0.675
0.748
0.319
0.360
0.403
0.449
0.498
0.158
0.163
0.169
0.175
0.182
0.105
0.109
0.113
0.117
0.121
42
44
46
48
50
2.12
2.33
2.54
2.77
3.00
1.41
1.55
1.69
1.84
2.00
0.729 0.485 0.673 0.448 0.146 0.0969

0.784 0.522 0.738 0.491 0.150 0.100
0.840 0.559 0.807 0.537 0.155 0.103
0.897 0.597 0.879 0.585 0.160 0.107
0.954 0.634 0.953 0.634 0.166 0.111
0.570
0.379
1.16
0.825
0.906
0.990
1.08
1.17
0.549
0.603
0.659
0.717
0.778
0.189
0.197
0.208
0.219
0.229
0.126
0.131
0.138
0.145
0.153
1.75
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.379
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.492
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.249 0.166
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.443 0.295
Design

W40
c,v
r y , in.
Fy = 65 ksi
0.252
0.148
0.328
0.192
-1
0.696
0.463
0.0982
0.174
0.116
0.128
0.225
0.150
5.10
4.47
4.52
3.43
3.80
3.72
Flange thickness greater than 2 in. Special requirements may apply per AISC Specification Section A3.1c.
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-21
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W40
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1

b x 10
p 10
b x 103
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.221 0.147
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.160 0.107
11
12
13
14
15
0.229
0.235
0.241
0.247
0.255
0.152
0.156
0.160
0.165
0.170
0.140
0.141
0.143
0.145
0.147
0.0930
0.0939
0.0953
0.0967
0.0981
0.249
0.255
0.261
0.269
0.277
0.166
0.170
0.174
0.179
0.184
0.152
0.154
0.156
0.159
0.161
0.101
0.102
0.104
0.105
0.107
0.281
0.294
0.309
0.325
0.345
0.187
0.196
0.205
0.217
0.229
0.169
0.172
0.176
0.179
0.183
0.112
0.115
0.117
0.119
0.122
16
17
18
19
20
0.263
0.272
0.282
0.293
0.305
0.175
0.181
0.188
0.195
0.203
0.150
0.152
0.154
0.157
0.159
0.0995
0.101
0.103
0.104
0.106
0.286
0.296
0.307
0.319
0.332
0.190
0.197
0.204
0.212
0.221
0.164
0.166
0.169
0.172
0.175
0.109
0.111
0.112
0.114
0.116
0.366
0.391
0.418
0.450
0.486
0.244
0.260
0.278
0.299
0.323
0.187
0.191
0.195
0.199
0.204
0.124
0.127
0.130
0.133
0.136
22
24
26
28
30
0.333
0.366
0.405
0.453
0.510
0.221
0.243
0.270
0.301
0.339
0.164
0.170
0.176
0.182
0.189
0.109
0.113
0.117
0.121
0.126
0.362
0.398
0.441
0.494
0.556
0.241
0.265
0.294
0.328
0.370
0.181
0.187
0.194
0.202
0.210
0.120
0.125
0.129
0.134
0.140
0.574
0.683
0.801
0.929
1.07
0.382
0.454
0.533
0.618
0.710
0.214
0.224
0.236
0.250
0.265
0.142
0.149
0.157
0.166
0.176
32
34
36
38
40
0.580
0.655
0.734
0.818
0.906
0.386
0.436
0.488
0.544
0.603
0.196
0.204
0.213
0.222
0.234
0.131
0.136
0.142
0.148
0.155
0.633
0.714
0.801
0.892
0.989
0.421
0.475
0.533
0.594
0.658
0.219
0.228
0.239
0.250
0.268
0.146
0.152
0.159
0.167
0.178
1.21
1.37
1.54
1.71
1.90
0.807
0.911
1.02
1.14
1.26
0.285
0.307
0.329
0.350
0.372
0.189
0.204
0.219
0.233
0.248
42
44
46
48
50
0.999
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.42
0.665
0.729
0.797
0.868
0.942
0.249 0.165 1.09

0.725 0.286 0.190
0.264 0.175
1.20
0.796 0.303 0.202
0.279 0.185 1.31
0.870 0.321 0.213
0.293 0.195 1.42
0.947 0.338 0.225
0.308 0.205 1.55
1.03
0.356 0.237
0.556
0.914
0.608
2.09
2.29
1.39
1.53
0.394
0.415
0.262
0.276
0.836
0.202
t r 10 (kips)
r x /r y
0.262
-1
0.135
0.220
0.175
0.285
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.152 0.101
t y 103 (kips)-1
-1
(kip-ft)
(kips)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
0.140 0.0930 0.220 0.146
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
-1
392h
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.202 0.135
Design
r y , in.
397h
431
3
W40
1.32
0.877
0.146
0.221
0.147
0.190
0.287
0.192
4.55
4.56
6.10
3.65
3.64
2.64

IV-22
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W40
W40
Shape
362h
372
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.163 0.109
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.242 0.161
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.167 0.111
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.263 0.175
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.192 0.128
11
12
13
14
15
0.265
0.272
0.279
0.287
0.296
0.177
0.181
0.186
0.191
0.197
0.163
0.165
0.168
0.171
0.173
0.109
0.110
0.112
0.113
0.115
0.275
0.282
0.290
0.298
0.307
0.183
0.188
0.193
0.198
0.205
0.167
0.169
0.172
0.175
0.178
0.111
0.113
0.114
0.116
0.118
0.338
0.354
0.373
0.395
0.419
0.225
0.236
0.248
0.263
0.279
0.205
0.209
0.214
0.219
0.224
0.136
0.139
0.142
0.146
0.149
16
17
18
19
20
0.306
0.317
0.329
0.342
0.356
0.204
0.211
0.219
0.228
0.237
0.176
0.179
0.182
0.186
0.189
0.117
0.119
0.121
0.123
0.126
0.318
0.329
0.341
0.355
0.370
0.211
0.219
0.227
0.236
0.246
0.181
0.184
0.187
0.191
0.194
0.120
0.122
0.125
0.127
0.129
0.447
0.479
0.515
0.556
0.602
0.297
0.318
0.342
0.370
0.401
0.230
0.236
0.242
0.249
0.256
0.153
0.157
0.161
0.165
0.170
22
24
26
28
30
0.389
0.429
0.477
0.535
0.605
0.259
0.286
0.317
0.356
0.402
0.196
0.203
0.212
0.220
0.230
0.130
0.135
0.141
0.147
0.153
0.404
0.445
0.495
0.555
0.628
0.269
0.296
0.329
0.369
0.418
0.201
0.209
0.218
0.227
0.237
0.134
0.139
0.145
0.151
0.158
0.719
0.855
1.00
1.16
1.34
0.478
0.569
0.668
0.774
0.889
0.270
0.287
0.306
0.330
0.362
0.180
0.191
0.204
0.220
0.241
32
34
36
38
40
0.688
0.777
0.871
0.970
1.08
0.458
0.517
0.579
0.646
0.715
0.241
0.252
0.265
0.284
0.304
0.160
0.168
0.176
0.189
0.202
0.714
0.806
0.904
1.01
1.12
0.475
0.536
0.601
0.670
0.742
0.249
0.261
0.274
0.295
0.316
0.165
0.174
0.182
0.196
0.210
1.52
1.72
1.92
2.14
2.38
1.01
1.14
1.28
1.43
1.58
0.393
0.425
0.456
0.488
0.519
0.262
0.283
0.304
0.324
0.345
42
44
46
48
50
1.19
1.30
1.42
1.55
1.68
0.789
0.866
0.946
1.03
1.12
0.324 0.216 1.23

0.818 0.337
0.344 0.229 1.35
0.898 0.358
0.365 0.243 1.48
0.982 0.380
0.385 0.256 1.61
1.07
0.401
0.405 0.270 1.74
1.16
0.422
0.224
0.238
0.253
0.267
0.281
2.62
1.74
0.550
0.366
-1
331h
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.234 0.155
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
0.989
0.658
1.02
0.675
1.62
1.08
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.234
0.155
0.242
0.161
0.263
0.175
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.303
0.202
0.314
0.210
0.341
r y , in.
0.227
4.58
4.58
6.19
3.60
3.60
2.57

IV-23
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W40
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1

b x 103
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.307 0.204
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.206 0.137
11
12
13
14
15
0.344
0.360
0.379
0.401
0.426
0.229
0.240
0.252
0.267
0.283
0.207
0.212
0.217
0.222
0.227
0.138
0.141
0.144
0.148
0.151
0.309
0.315
0.323
0.332
0.343
0.205
0.210
0.215
0.221
0.228
0.188
0.191
0.194
0.197
0.201
0.125
0.127
0.129
0.131
0.134
0.343
0.351
0.359
0.369
0.379
0.228
0.233
0.239
0.245
0.252
0.206
0.210
0.214
0.218
0.222
0.137
0.140
0.142
0.145
0.147
16
17
18
19
20
0.454
0.485
0.522
0.563
0.610
0.302
0.323
0.347
0.374
0.406
0.233
0.239
0.245
0.252
0.259
0.155
0.159
0.163
0.168
0.172
0.354
0.367
0.381
0.396
0.413
0.236
0.244
0.254
0.264
0.275
0.204
0.208
0.212
0.216
0.220
0.136
0.138
0.141
0.144
0.147
0.391
0.404
0.419
0.437
0.456
0.260
0.268
0.279
0.290
0.303
0.226
0.230
0.235
0.240
0.245
0.150
0.153
0.156
0.159
0.163
22
24
26
28
30
0.726
0.864
1.01
1.18
1.35
0.483
0.575
0.675
0.783
0.899
0.274
0.291
0.310
0.334
0.366
0.182
0.194
0.206
0.222
0.244
0.452
0.499
0.555
0.623
0.706
0.301
0.332
0.369
0.414
0.470
0.229
0.239
0.250
0.261
0.274
0.153
0.159
0.166
0.174
0.182
0.499
0.552
0.616
0.693
0.788
0.332
0.367
0.410
0.461
0.524
0.255
0.267
0.280
0.294
0.309
0.170
0.178
0.186
0.195
0.206
32
34
36
38
40
1.54
1.73
1.95
2.17
2.40
1.02
1.15
1.29
1.44
1.60
0.398
0.430
0.462
0.494
0.526
0.265
0.286
0.307
0.329
0.350
0.803
0.907
1.02
1.13
1.25
0.534
0.603
0.676
0.754
0.835
0.288
0.303
0.329
0.355
0.382
0.192
0.202
0.219
0.236
0.254
0.897
1.01
1.13
1.26
1.40
0.597
0.674
0.755
0.841
0.932
0.326
0.352
0.383
0.414
0.446
0.217
0.234
0.255
0.276
0.297
42
44
46
48
50
2.65
1.76
0.557
0.371
1.54
1.70
1.85
2.02
2.19
1.03
1.13
1.23
1.34
1.46
0.478
0.509
0.541
0.573
0.605
0.318
0.339
0.360
0.381
0.403
1.63
0.268
t r 10 (kips)
r x /r y
0.348
-1
-1
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.188 0.125
t y 103 (kips)-1
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.276 0.184
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
r y , in.
b x 10
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.194 0.129
-1
297c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.268 0.178
Design
324c
327
3
W40
1.38
0.921 0.408 0.272
1.52
1.01
0.435 0.289
1.66
1.10
0.461 0.307
1.81
1.20
0.488 0.324
1.96
1.30
0.514 0.342
1.09
1.15
0.763
0.178
0.270
0.232
0.350
1.27
0.848
0.179
0.294
0.196
0.233
0.382
0.255
6.20
4.58
4.60
2.58
3.58
3.54

IV-24
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W40
W40
Shape
278c
294
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.216 0.144
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.318 0.212
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.230 0.153
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.337 0.224
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.219 0.146
11
12
13
14
15
0.385
0.404
0.425
0.450
0.479
0.256
0.269
0.283
0.300
0.318
0.232
0.238
0.244
0.250
0.257
0.154
0.158
0.162
0.166
0.171
0.405
0.426
0.449
0.476
0.507
0.270
0.283
0.299
0.317
0.337
0.249
0.255
0.262
0.269
0.276
0.165
0.170
0.174
0.179
0.184
0.375
0.383
0.392
0.402
0.413
0.250
0.255
0.261
0.267
0.275
0.219
0.223
0.227
0.231
0.236
0.146
0.148
0.151
0.154
0.157
16
17
18
19
20
0.511
0.548
0.590
0.637
0.692
0.340
0.364
0.392
0.424
0.460
0.264
0.271
0.279
0.287
0.296
0.175
0.180
0.185
0.191
0.197
0.542
0.582
0.628
0.680
0.739
0.361
0.387
0.418
0.452
0.492
0.284
0.292
0.301
0.310
0.320
0.189
0.194
0.200
0.206
0.213
0.425
0.438
0.453
0.469
0.488
0.283
0.292
0.301
0.312
0.324
0.240
0.245
0.250
0.255
0.261
0.160
0.163
0.166
0.170
0.173
22
24
26
28
30
0.827
0.985
1.16
1.34
1.54
0.550
0.655
0.769
0.892
1.02
0.315
0.337
0.363
0.402
0.442
0.210
0.224
0.241
0.268
0.294
0.887
1.06
1.24
1.44
1.65
0.590
0.702
0.824
0.956
1.10
0.342
0.367
0.401
0.445
0.490
0.227
0.244
0.267
0.296
0.326
0.530
0.583
0.649
0.728
0.825
0.352
0.388
0.432
0.485
0.549
0.272
0.285
0.299
0.314
0.331
0.181
0.190
0.199
0.209
0.220
32
34
36
38
40
1.75
1.98
2.22
2.47
2.73
1.16
1.31
1.47
1.64
1.82
0.482
0.521
0.561
0.601
0.640
0.320
0.347
0.373
0.400
0.426
1.88
2.12
2.38
2.65
2.93
1.25
1.41
1.58
1.76
1.95
0.535
0.580
0.624
0.669
0.714
0.356
0.386
0.415
0.445
0.475
0.939
1.06
1.19
1.32
1.47
0.625
0.705
0.791
0.881
0.976
0.350
0.380
0.414
0.449
0.484
0.233
0.253
0.276
0.299
0.322
42
44
46
48
50
3.02
2.01
0.679
0.452
3.23
2.15
0.758
0.504
1.62
1.78
1.94
2.11
2.29
1.08
1.18
1.29
1.41
1.53
0.519
0.555
0.590
0.625
0.661
0.345
0.369
0.393
0.416
0.440
-1
277c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.301 0.200
Design

Fy = 65 ksi

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.83
1.22
1.97
1.31
1.34
0.894
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.298
0.198
0.312
0.208
0.315
0.210
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.387
0.258
0.405
0.270
0.409
r y , in.
0.273
6.24
6.27
4.58
2.55
2.52
3.58


IV-25
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W40
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1

b x 10
p 10
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.245 0.163
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.403 0.268
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.271 0.181
11
12
13
14
15
0.431
0.453
0.478
0.506
0.539
0.287
0.301
0.318
0.337
0.359
0.262
0.269
0.276
0.284
0.292
0.174
0.179
0.184
0.189
0.194
0.426
0.435
0.445
0.456
0.468
0.283
0.289
0.296
0.303
0.311
0.245
0.249
0.254
0.259
0.264
0.163
0.166
0.169
0.172
0.176
0.496
0.518
0.542
0.570
0.603
0.330
0.344
0.361
0.379
0.401
0.294
0.302
0.310
0.319
0.329
0.196
0.201
0.207
0.213
0.219
16
17
18
19
20
0.576
0.619
0.667
0.723
0.786
0.383
0.412
0.444
0.481
0.523
0.301
0.310
0.319
0.330
0.340
0.200
0.206
0.212
0.219
0.227
0.482
0.497
0.513
0.532
0.552
0.321
0.331
0.342
0.354
0.367
0.270
0.275
0.281
0.287
0.294
0.179
0.183
0.187
0.191
0.195
0.640
0.686
0.739
0.800
0.869
0.426
0.457
0.492
0.532
0.578
0.339
0.350
0.361
0.373
0.386
0.226
0.233
0.240
0.248
0.257
22
24
26
28
30
0.943
1.12
1.32
1.53
1.75
0.628
0.747
0.877
1.02
1.17
0.365
0.392
0.434
0.483
0.533
0.243
0.261
0.289
0.322
0.354
0.599
0.657
0.729
0.819
0.931
0.399
0.437
0.485
0.545
0.619
0.307
0.322
0.339
0.357
0.377
0.204
0.214
0.225
0.238
0.251
1.04
1.24
1.45
1.68
1.93
0.692
0.824
0.967
1.12
1.29
0.415
0.451
0.510
0.569
0.629
0.276
0.300
0.339
0.379
0.419
32
34
36
38
40
2.00
2.25
2.53
2.81
3.12
1.33
1.50
1.68
1.87
2.07
0.582
0.632
0.681
0.730
0.780
0.387
0.420
0.453
0.486
0.519
1.06
1.20
1.34
1.49
1.65
0.705
0.795
0.892
0.994
1.10
0.405
0.446
0.488
0.530
0.573
0.270
0.297
0.325
0.353
0.381
2.20
2.48
2.79
3.10
3.44
1.46
1.65
1.85
2.06
2.29
0.690
0.750
0.811
0.872
0.932
0.459
0.499
0.540
0.580
0.620
42
44
46
48
50
3.44
2.29
0.829
0.552
1.82
1.21
0.616 0.410
2.00
1.33
0.659 0.438
2.19
1.46
0.702 0.467
2.38
1.59
0.746 0.496
2.59
1.72
0.790 0.525
1.38
1.51
1.00
3.79
2.52
0.993
0.661
2.08
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.332
t r 10 (kips)
r x /r y
0.431
-1
0.221
0.350
0.287
0.454
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.383 0.255
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.243 0.161
-1
235c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.345 0.230
Design
r y , in.
249c
264
3
W40
2.32
1.55
0.233
0.372
0.247
0.302
0.482
0.322
6.27
4.59
6.26
2.52
3.55
2.54


IV-26
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W40
W40
Shape
c,v
211c
215
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.284 0.189
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.462 0.307
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.302 0.201
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.500 0.333
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.315 0.210
11
12
13
14
15
0.508
0.519
0.530
0.543
0.557
0.338
0.345
0.353
0.361
0.371
0.284
0.290
0.296
0.302
0.308
0.189
0.193
0.197
0.201
0.205
0.568
0.592
0.619
0.651
0.688
0.378
0.394
0.412
0.433
0.458
0.330
0.339
0.350
0.360
0.372
0.219
0.226
0.233
0.240
0.247
0.556
0.568
0.581
0.596
0.612
0.370
0.378
0.387
0.396
0.407
0.317
0.324
0.331
0.338
0.346
0.211
0.216
0.220
0.225
0.230
16
17
18
19
20
0.573
0.590
0.609
0.630
0.654
0.381
0.393
0.405
0.419
0.435
0.315
0.322
0.329
0.336
0.344
0.209
0.214
0.219
0.224
0.229
0.731
0.781
0.838
0.906
0.987
0.486
0.519
0.558
0.603
0.656
0.384
0.397
0.411
0.426
0.442
0.255
0.264
0.273
0.283
0.294
0.630
0.649
0.671
0.696
0.723
0.419
0.432
0.447
0.463
0.481
0.353
0.362
0.370
0.379
0.389
0.235
0.241
0.246
0.252
0.259
22
24
26
28
30
0.708
0.774
0.855
0.956
1.08
0.471
0.515
0.569
0.636
0.721
0.361
0.380
0.401
0.424
0.450
0.240
0.253
0.267
0.282
0.300
1.19
1.41
1.66
1.92
2.20
0.789
0.938
1.10
1.28
1.47
0.478
0.535
0.606
0.679
0.753
0.318
0.356
0.403
0.452
0.501
0.785
0.863
0.959
1.08
1.23
0.523
0.574
0.638
0.718
0.820
0.409
0.432
0.458
0.486
0.526
0.272
0.287
0.304
0.323
0.350
32
34
36
38
40
1.23
1.39
1.56
1.74
1.93
0.820
0.926
1.04
1.16
1.28
0.497
0.549
0.603
0.657
0.712
0.331
0.365
0.401
0.437
0.474
2.51
2.83
3.17
3.54
3.92
1.67
1.88
2.11
2.35
2.61
0.827
0.902
0.978
1.05
1.13
0.550
0.600
0.650
0.701
0.751
1.40
1.58
1.77
1.98
2.19
0.933
1.05
1.18
1.32
1.46
0.588
0.651
0.716
0.782
0.849
0.391
0.433
0.476
0.520
0.565
42
44
46
48
50
2.12
2.33
2.55
2.77
3.01
1.41
1.55
1.69
1.85
2.00
0.768 0.511
0.825 0.549
0.882 0.587
0.939 0.625
0.997 0.663
2.41
2.65
2.90
3.15
3.42
1.61
1.76
1.93
2.10
2.28
0.918
0.987
1.06
1.13
1.20
0.610
0.657
0.703
0.750
0.797
-1
199c,v
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.458 0.305
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.76
1.17
2.61
1.74
2.00
1.33
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.405
0.269
0.414
0.275
0.437
0.291
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.525
0.350
0.537
0.358
0.567
r y , in.
0.378
4.58
6.29
4.64
3.54
2.51
3.45
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-27
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W40
Shape
c,v
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.395 0.263
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.709 0.472
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.458 0.305
11
12
13
14
15
0.685
0.713
0.746
0.783
0.826
0.456
0.475
0.496
0.521
0.550
0.389
0.401
0.413
0.427
0.441
0.259
0.267
0.275
0.284
0.293
0.758
0.791
0.829
0.874
0.925
0.504
0.526
0.552
0.581
0.616
0.440
0.454
0.470
0.486
0.504
0.293
0.302
0.312
0.323
0.335
0.886
0.927
0.976
1.03
1.10
0.590
0.617
0.649
0.687
0.731
0.520
0.538
0.558
0.579
0.602
0.346
0.358
0.371
0.385
0.401
16
17
18
19
20
0.876
0.933
1.00
1.08
1.17
0.583
0.621
0.665
0.717
0.778
0.457
0.473
0.491
0.510
0.531
0.304
0.315
0.327
0.339
0.353
0.985
1.06
1.14
1.23
1.35
0.656
0.702
0.757
0.821
0.898
0.523
0.543
0.565
0.589
0.615
0.348
0.361
0.376
0.392
0.409
1.18
1.27
1.38
1.51
1.67
0.782
0.844
0.916
1.00
1.11
0.627
0.654
0.684
0.716
0.752
0.417
0.435
0.455
0.477
0.500
22
24
26
28
30
1.40
1.67
1.96
2.27
2.61
0.934
1.11
1.30
1.51
1.74
0.577
0.669
0.763
0.859
0.957
0.384
0.445
0.507
0.571
0.636
1.63
1.94
2.28
2.65
3.04
1.09
1.29
1.52
1.76
2.02
0.693
0.804
0.919
1.04
1.16
0.461
0.535
0.611
0.690
0.771
2.02
2.40
2.82
3.27
3.75
1.34
1.60
1.88
2.18
2.50
0.882
1.03
1.18
1.33
1.49
0.587
0.683
0.783
0.887
0.993
32
34
36
38
40
2.97
3.35
3.76
4.19
4.64
1.98
2.23
2.50
2.79
3.09
1.06
1.16
1.26
1.36
1.46
0.702
0.769
0.837
0.905
0.973
3.45
3.90
4.37
4.87
5.40
2.30
2.59
2.91
3.24
3.59
1.28
1.41
1.53
1.66
1.79
0.853
0.937
1.02
1.11
1.19
4.27
4.82
5.41
6.02
2.84
3.21
3.60
4.01
1.66
1.82
1.99
2.16
1.10
1.21
1.33
1.44
3.10
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.482
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.625
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.614 0.408
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.354 0.236
-1
149c,v
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.560 0.373
Design

167c,v
183
3
r y , in.
W40

2.06
3.61
2.40
0.321
0.521
0.417
0.676
4.41
2.94
0.347
0.587
0.390
0.451
0.761
0.507
6.31
6.38
6.55
2.49
2.40
2.29
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-28
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W36
W36
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
487h
3
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
(kip-ft)
(kips)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
0.134 0.0890 0.0942 0.0627 0.165 0.110
(kip-ft)
(kips)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
0.118 0.0783 0.180 0.120
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.129 0.0856
11
12
13
14
15
0.148
0.150
0.154
0.157
0.161
0.0982
0.100
0.102
0.104
0.107
0.0942
0.0942
0.0944
0.0952
0.0961
0.0627
0.0627
0.0628
0.0634
0.0639
0.183
0.186
0.190
0.195
0.200
0.122
0.124
0.127
0.130
0.133
0.118
0.118
0.118
0.120
0.121
0.0783
0.0783
0.0787
0.0796
0.0804
0.200
0.204
0.208
0.213
0.219
0.133
0.136
0.139
0.142
0.145
0.129
0.129
0.130
0.131
0.133
0.0856
0.0856
0.0863
0.0873
0.0883
16
17
18
19
20
0.165
0.169
0.174
0.180
0.185
0.110
0.113
0.116
0.119
0.123
0.0969
0.0977
0.0986
0.0995
0.100
0.0645
0.0650
0.0656
0.0662
0.0668
0.205
0.211
0.217
0.224
0.232
0.136
0.140
0.145
0.149
0.154
0.122
0.124
0.125
0.126
0.128
0.0813
0.0822
0.0831
0.0841
0.0850
0.225
0.231
0.238
0.246
0.255
0.149
0.154
0.159
0.164
0.169
0.134
0.136
0.137
0.139
0.141
0.0893
0.0904
0.0915
0.0926
0.0937
22
24
26
28
30
0.198
0.214
0.232
0.253
0.278
0.132
0.142
0.154
0.169
0.185
0.102
0.104
0.106
0.108
0.110
0.0680
0.0693
0.0706
0.0720
0.0734
0.249
0.270
0.294
0.322
0.356
0.166
0.179
0.195
0.214
0.237
0.131
0.134
0.137
0.141
0.144
0.0870
0.0890
0.0912
0.0935
0.0959
0.274
0.297
0.324
0.356
0.394
0.182
0.198
0.216
0.237
0.262
0.144
0.148
0.152
0.156
0.161
0.0961
0.0986
0.101
0.104
0.107
32
34
36
38
40
0.308
0.343
0.385
0.429
0.475
0.205
0.228
0.256
0.285
0.316
0.113
0.115
0.117
0.120
0.123
0.0749
0.0765
0.0781
0.0798
0.0816
0.395
0.444
0.497
0.554
0.614
0.263
0.295
0.331
0.369
0.409
0.148
0.152
0.156
0.161
0.165
0.0984
0.101
0.104
0.107
0.110
0.439
0.494
0.554
0.617
0.684
0.292
0.329
0.368
0.410
0.455
0.165
0.170
0.175
0.181
0.187
0.110
0.113
0.117
0.120
0.124
42
44
46
48
50
0.524
0.575
0.628
0.684
0.742
0.348
0.382
0.418
0.455
0.494
0.125 0.0834 0.677 0.450 0.170

0.128 0.0853 0.743 0.494 0.176
0.131 0.0873 0.812 0.540 0.181
0.134 0.0895 0.884 0.588 0.187
0.138 0.0917 0.960 0.638 0.194
0.113
0.117
0.121
0.125
0.129
0.754
0.827
0.904
0.984
1.07
0.501
0.550
0.601
0.655
0.711
0.193
0.200
0.207
0.215
0.226
0.128
0.133
0.138
0.143
0.150
Design

529h
652
3
-1
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
0.472
0.314
0.604
0.402
0.665
0.443
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.134
0.0890
0.165
0.110
0.180
0.120
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.174
0.116
0.214
0.142
0.233
r y , in.
h
Fy = 65 ksi
0.155
3.95
4.00
3.99
4.10
4.00
3.96

IV-29
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W36
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
361h
3
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.198 0.131
(kip-ft)
(kips)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
0.143 0.0955 0.221 0.147
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.160 0.107
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.242 0.161
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.177 0.118
11
12
13
14
15
0.220
0.225
0.230
0.235
0.241
0.146
0.149
0.153
0.157
0.161
0.143
0.143
0.143
0.143
0.143
0.0955
0.0955
0.0955
0.0955
0.0955
0.247
0.252
0.258
0.265
0.272
0.164
0.168
0.172
0.176
0.181
0.160
0.160
0.162
0.165
0.167
0.107
0.107
0.108
0.110
0.111
0.271
0.277
0.283
0.290
0.298
0.180
0.184
0.189
0.193
0.199
0.177
0.177
0.180
0.182
0.185
0.118
0.118
0.120
0.121
0.123
16
17
18
19
20
0.248
0.256
0.264
0.273
0.282
0.165
0.170
0.175
0.181
0.188
0.143
0.143
0.143
0.143
0.143
0.0955
0.0955
0.0955
0.0955
0.0955
0.280
0.288
0.297
0.308
0.319
0.186
0.192
0.198
0.205
0.212
0.169
0.172
0.174
0.177
0.179
0.113
0.114
0.116
0.118
0.119
0.307
0.317
0.327
0.338
0.351
0.204
0.211
0.218
0.225
0.233
0.188
0.191
0.194
0.197
0.200
0.125
0.127
0.129
0.131
0.133
22
24
26
28
30
0.304
0.330
0.361
0.397
0.441
0.202
0.220
0.240
0.264
0.293
0.143
0.143
0.143
0.143
0.143
0.0955
0.0955
0.0955
0.0955
0.0955
0.344
0.374
0.410
0.452
0.502
0.229
0.249
0.272
0.301
0.334
0.185
0.191
0.197
0.204
0.211
0.123
0.127
0.131
0.135
0.140
0.379
0.413
0.452
0.500
0.556
0.252
0.274
0.301
0.333
0.370
0.206
0.213
0.221
0.229
0.238
0.137
0.142
0.147
0.152
0.158
32
34
36
38
40
0.492
0.554
0.622
0.693
0.767
0.327
0.369
0.414
0.461
0.511
0.154
0.168
0.181
0.194
0.207
0.103
0.111
0.120
0.129
0.138
0.562
0.634
0.711
0.792
0.878
0.374
0.422
0.473
0.527
0.584
0.218
0.227
0.236
0.245
0.256
0.145
0.151
0.157
0.163
0.170
0.624
0.705
0.790
0.880
0.976
0.415
0.469
0.526
0.586
0.649
0.247
0.258
0.269
0.281
0.296
0.165
0.171
0.179
0.187
0.197
42
44
46
48
50
0.846
0.928
1.01
1.10
1.20
0.563
0.618
0.675
0.735
0.798
0.221 0.147 0.968 0.644 0.269

0.234 0.155
1.06
0.707 0.285
0.247 0.164 1.16
0.772 0.302
0.260 0.173 1.26
0.841 0.318
0.273 0.182 1.37
0.913 0.334
0.179
0.190
0.201
0.212
0.222
1.08
1.18
1.29
1.40
1.52
0.716
0.785
0.858
0.935
1.01
0.316
0.336
0.356
0.376
0.395
0.210
0.224
0.237
0.250
0.263
Design

395h
441
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
0.745
0.495
0.843
0.561
0.935
0.622
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.198
0.131
0.221
0.147
0.242
0.161
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.256
0.171
0.287
0.192
0.314
r y , in.
h
W36
0.210
4.01
4.05
4.05
3.92
3.88
3.85

IV-30
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W36
W36
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.194 0.129
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.294 0.196
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.214 0.142
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.321 0.214
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.230 0.153
11
12
13
14
15
0.297
0.303
0.310
0.318
0.327
0.197
0.202
0.207
0.212
0.218
0.194
0.195
0.198
0.201
0.204
0.129
0.130
0.131
0.134
0.136
0.325
0.331
0.338
0.347
0.357
0.216
0.221
0.225
0.231
0.237
0.214
0.215
0.218
0.222
0.225
0.142
0.143
0.145
0.148
0.150
0.354
0.361
0.369
0.377
0.387
0.236
0.240
0.245
0.251
0.257
0.230
0.231
0.235
0.239
0.243
0.153
0.154
0.156
0.159
0.162
16
17
18
19
20
0.337
0.347
0.359
0.371
0.385
0.224
0.231
0.239
0.247
0.256
0.207
0.210
0.214
0.218
0.221
0.138
0.140
0.142
0.145
0.147
0.367
0.379
0.391
0.405
0.420
0.244
0.252
0.260
0.269
0.280
0.229
0.233
0.237
0.241
0.245
0.152
0.155
0.158
0.160
0.163
0.397
0.408
0.421
0.436
0.453
0.264
0.272
0.280
0.290
0.301
0.247
0.252
0.256
0.261
0.266
0.164
0.167
0.170
0.174
0.177
22
24
26
28
30
0.417
0.454
0.498
0.551
0.614
0.277
0.302
0.331
0.367
0.409
0.229
0.238
0.247
0.256
0.267
0.152
0.158
0.164
0.171
0.178
0.455
0.496
0.544
0.602
0.671
0.302
0.330
0.362
0.401
0.447
0.255
0.264
0.275
0.286
0.299
0.169
0.176
0.183
0.191
0.199
0.490
0.535
0.588
0.652
0.727
0.326
0.356
0.391
0.434
0.484
0.276
0.287
0.299
0.313
0.327
0.184
0.191
0.199
0.208
0.218
32
34
36
38
40
0.690
0.779
0.874
0.973
1.08
0.459
0.518
0.581
0.648
0.717
0.278
0.291
0.305
0.322
0.346
0.185
0.194
0.203
0.214
0.230
0.755
0.853
0.956
1.07
1.18
0.503
0.567
0.636
0.709
0.785
0.313
0.327
0.344
0.371
0.399
0.208
0.218
0.229
0.247
0.266
0.820
0.925
1.04
1.16
1.28
0.545
0.616
0.690
0.769
0.852
0.343
0.361
0.385
0.417
0.449
0.228
0.240
0.256
0.277
0.299
42
44
46
48
50
1.19
1.30
1.43
1.55
1.69
0.791
0.868
0.949
1.03
1.12
0.369 0.246 1.30

0.866 0.428
0.393 0.262 1.43
0.950 0.456
0.417 0.277 1.56
1.04
0.484
0.441 0.293 1.70
1.13
0.513
0.465 0.309 1.84
1.23
0.541
0.284
0.303
0.322
0.341
0.360
1.41
1.55
1.69
1.84
2.00
0.939
1.03
1.13
1.23
1.33
0.482
0.514
0.547
0.580
0.612
0.320
0.342
0.364
0.386
0.407
-1
282c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.265 0.176
Design

302c
330
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.03
0.688
1.14
0.757
1.23
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.265
0.176
0.289
0.192
0.310
0.206
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.344
0.229
0.375
0.250
0.402
0.268
r y , in.
c
Fy = 65 ksi
0.818
4.05
4.03
4.05
3.83
3.82
3.80

IV-31
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W36
Shape
256c
262
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.249 0.166
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.349 0.232
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.264 0.175
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.377 0.251
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.266 0.177
11
12
13
14
15
0.386
0.393
0.402
0.411
0.421
0.257
0.262
0.267
0.273
0.280
0.249
0.251
0.255
0.260
0.264
0.166
0.167
0.170
0.173
0.176
0.432
0.452
0.474
0.500
0.529
0.287
0.301
0.316
0.333
0.352
0.281
0.288
0.295
0.302
0.310
0.187
0.191
0.196
0.201
0.206
0.416
0.424
0.433
0.443
0.454
0.277
0.282
0.288
0.295
0.302
0.266
0.268
0.273
0.278
0.283
0.177
0.178
0.181
0.185
0.188
16
17
18
19
20
0.433
0.445
0.459
0.474
0.491
0.288
0.296
0.305
0.315
0.327
0.269
0.274
0.279
0.285
0.291
0.179
0.182
0.186
0.190
0.193
0.562
0.599
0.642
0.690
0.744
0.374
0.399
0.427
0.459
0.495
0.319
0.327
0.337
0.347
0.357
0.212
0.218
0.224
0.231
0.238
0.466
0.479
0.494
0.511
0.528
0.310
0.319
0.329
0.340
0.352
0.288
0.294
0.300
0.306
0.312
0.192
0.195
0.199
0.203
0.208
22
24
26
28
30
0.532
0.581
0.640
0.711
0.795
0.354
0.387
0.426
0.473
0.529
0.302
0.315
0.330
0.345
0.362
0.201
0.210
0.219
0.230
0.241
0.877
1.04
1.22
1.42
1.63
0.583
0.694
0.815
0.945
1.08
0.380
0.406
0.436
0.484
0.533
0.253
0.270
0.290
0.322
0.355
0.570
0.623
0.687
0.763
0.855
0.379
0.414
0.457
0.508
0.569
0.325
0.340
0.356
0.373
0.392
0.216
0.226
0.237
0.248
0.261
32
34
36
38
40
0.899
1.01
1.14
1.27
1.40
0.598
0.675
0.757
0.843
0.934
0.381
0.402
0.438
0.475
0.513
0.253
0.267
0.291
0.316
0.341
1.86
2.09
2.35
2.62
2.90
1.23
1.39
1.56
1.74
1.93
0.582
0.632
0.681
0.730
0.779
0.387
0.420
0.453
0.486
0.519
0.967
1.09
1.22
1.36
1.51
0.644
0.727
0.815
0.908
1.01
0.414
0.444
0.485
0.528
0.570
0.275
0.295
0.323
0.351
0.379
42
44
46
48
50
1.55
1.70
1.86
2.02
2.19
1.03
1.13
1.24
1.35
1.46
0.551 0.367 3.20

2.13
0.828
0.589 0.392 3.51
2.33
0.877
0.628 0.418
0.666 0.443
0.705 0.469
0.551
0.584
1.67
1.83
2.00
2.18
2.36
1.11
1.22
1.33
1.45
1.57
0.613
0.657
0.700
0.744
0.788
0.408
0.437
0.466
0.495
0.524
-1
247c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.350 0.233
Design

W36
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.34
0.894
2.00
1.33
1.44
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.333
0.221
0.341
0.227
0.354
0.236
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.432
0.288
0.443
0.295
0.460
0.307
r y , in.
0.960
4.07
5.62
4.06
3.76
2.65
3.74


IV-32
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W36
W36
Shape
231c
232
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.293 0.195
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.406 0.270
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.285 0.189
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.445 0.296
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.329 0.219
11
12
13
14
15
0.487
0.507
0.530
0.559
0.592
0.324
0.337
0.353
0.372
0.394
0.314
0.322
0.330
0.339
0.349
0.209
0.214
0.220
0.226
0.232
0.448
0.457
0.466
0.477
0.489
0.298
0.304
0.310
0.317
0.325
0.285
0.287
0.292
0.298
0.304
0.189
0.191
0.195
0.198
0.202
0.545
0.567
0.594
0.624
0.659
0.363
0.378
0.395
0.415
0.439
0.355
0.365
0.376
0.386
0.398
0.236
0.243
0.250
0.257
0.265
16
17
18
19
20
0.629
0.672
0.721
0.776
0.839
0.419
0.447
0.480
0.516
0.558
0.359
0.369
0.380
0.392
0.405
0.239
0.246
0.253
0.261
0.269
0.502
0.517
0.533
0.550
0.570
0.334
0.344
0.354
0.366
0.379
0.309
0.316
0.322
0.329
0.336
0.206
0.210
0.214
0.219
0.223
0.703
0.752
0.808
0.872
0.945
0.467
0.500
0.538
0.580
0.629
0.410
0.423
0.437
0.452
0.468
0.273
0.282
0.291
0.301
0.311
22
24
26
28
30
0.993
1.18
1.39
1.61
1.85
0.661
0.787
0.923
1.07
1.23
0.432
0.464
0.512
0.571
0.631
0.288
0.309
0.341
0.380
0.420
0.614
0.669
0.738
0.822
0.922
0.409
0.445
0.491
0.547
0.613
0.350
0.367
0.384
0.404
0.425
0.233
0.244
0.256
0.269
0.283
1.13
1.34
1.57
1.82
2.09
0.749
0.891
1.05
1.21
1.39
0.503
0.545
0.616
0.690
0.765
0.335
0.362
0.410
0.459
0.509
32
34
36
38
40
2.10
2.37
2.66
2.96
3.28
1.40
1.58
1.77
1.97
2.18
0.691
0.751
0.812
0.872
0.932
0.460
0.500
0.540
0.580
0.620
1.05
1.18
1.32
1.47
1.63
0.695
0.785
0.880
0.981
1.09
0.449
0.489
0.536
0.583
0.631
0.299
0.326
0.357
0.388
0.420
2.38
2.69
3.01
3.36
3.72
1.58
1.79
2.00
2.23
2.48
0.841
0.917
0.993
1.07
1.15
0.559
0.610
0.661
0.712
0.763
42
44
46
48
50
3.62
2.41
0.992
0.660
1.80
1.20
0.680
1.98
1.31
0.729
2.16
1.44
0.778
2.35
1.56
0.828
2.55
1.70
0.878
0.452
0.485
0.518
0.551
0.584
4.10
2.73
1.22
0.814
-1
210c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.398 0.265
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
2.25
1.49
1.56
1.04
2.56
1.70
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.378
0.251
0.377
0.251
0.415
0.276
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.490
0.327
0.489
0.326
0.539
r y , in.
0.359
5.65
4.07
5.66
2.62
3.71
2.58


IV-33
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W36
Shape
182c
194
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.357 0.238
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.536 0.356
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.382 0.254
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.586 0.390
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.410 0.273
11
12
13
14
15
0.605
0.630
0.658
0.691
0.730
0.403
0.419
0.438
0.460
0.485
0.388
0.399
0.410
0.423
0.436
0.258
0.265
0.273
0.281
0.290
0.653
0.680
0.710
0.745
0.786
0.435
0.452
0.472
0.496
0.523
0.415
0.427
0.440
0.454
0.468
0.276
0.284
0.293
0.302
0.311
0.713
0.742
0.775
0.813
0.857
0.474
0.493
0.516
0.541
0.570
0.448
0.461
0.476
0.491
0.507
0.298
0.307
0.317
0.327
0.337
16
17
18
19
20
0.774
0.824
0.887
0.958
1.04
0.515
0.548
0.590
0.637
0.691
0.450
0.465
0.481
0.498
0.516
0.299
0.309
0.320
0.331
0.343
0.833
0.887
0.950
1.02
1.11
0.554
0.590
0.632
0.682
0.740
0.484
0.500
0.518
0.537
0.557
0.322
0.333
0.344
0.357
0.371
0.908
0.967
1.04
1.11
1.21
0.604
0.643
0.689
0.742
0.804
0.524
0.543
0.563
0.584
0.607
0.349
0.361
0.374
0.389
0.404
22
24
26
28
30
1.24
1.48
1.73
2.01
2.31
0.826
0.983
1.15
1.34
1.54
0.557
0.616
0.700
0.786
0.873
0.370
0.410
0.466
0.523
0.581
1.33
1.58
1.86
2.16
2.47
0.885
1.05
1.24
1.43
1.65
0.603
0.677
0.771
0.868
0.966
0.401
0.451
0.513
0.577
0.642
1.45
1.72
2.02
2.35
2.69
0.964
1.15
1.35
1.56
1.79
0.659
0.751
0.857
0.966
1.08
0.439
0.500
0.570
0.643
0.717
32
34
36
38
40
2.63
2.96
3.32
3.70
4.10
1.75
1.97
2.21
2.46
2.73
0.961
1.05
1.14
1.23
1.32
0.639
0.699
0.758
0.818
0.878
2.81
3.18
3.56
3.97
4.40
1.87
2.11
2.37
2.64
2.93
1.07
1.17
1.27
1.37
1.47
0.709
0.775
0.843
0.911
0.979
3.07
3.46
3.88
4.32
4.79
2.04
2.30
2.58
2.88
3.19
1.19
1.31
1.42
1.54
1.66
0.792
0.869
0.946
1.02
1.10
42
4.52
3.01
1.41
0.938
4.85
3.23
1.57
1.05
5.28
3.51
1.77
1.18
-1
170c,v
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.495 0.329
Design

W36

b y 10 (kip-ft)
3
-1
2.81
1.87
3.02
2.01
3.27
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.451
0.300
0.479
0.319
0.514
0.342
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.585
0.390
0.622
0.415
0.667
0.444
r y , in.
2.18
5.70
5.69
5.73
2.56
2.55
2.53
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-34
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W36
W36
Shape
c,v
150c,v
160
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.439 0.292
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.682 0.454
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.472 0.314
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.777 0.517
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.538 0.358
11
12
13
14
15
0.771
0.803
0.839
0.880
0.928
0.513
0.534
0.558
0.586
0.618
0.482
0.497
0.513
0.530
0.548
0.321
0.331
0.341
0.352
0.364
0.832
0.866
0.905
0.950
1.00
0.553
0.576
0.602
0.632
0.667
0.520
0.537
0.555
0.573
0.594
0.346
0.357
0.369
0.382
0.395
0.954
0.995
1.04
1.10
1.16
0.635
0.662
0.694
0.730
0.773
0.602
0.623
0.645
0.668
0.693
0.401
0.414
0.429
0.445
0.461
16
17
18
19
20
0.984
1.05
1.12
1.21
1.31
0.655
0.698
0.748
0.806
0.874
0.567
0.588
0.610
0.634
0.660
0.377
0.391
0.406
0.422
0.439
1.06
1.13
1.22
1.31
1.43
0.707
0.754
0.809
0.873
0.949
0.615
0.639
0.664
0.691
0.720
0.409
0.425
0.442
0.460
0.479
1.24
1.32
1.43
1.55
1.70
0.823
0.881
0.950
1.03
1.13
0.721
0.750
0.782
0.817
0.854
0.479
0.499
0.520
0.543
0.569
22
24
26
28
30
1.58
1.88
2.20
2.56
2.94
1.05
1.25
1.47
1.70
1.95
0.719
0.830
0.950
1.07
1.20
0.478
0.553
0.632
0.714
0.797
1.72
2.04
2.40
2.78
3.19
1.14
1.36
1.59
1.85
2.12
0.796
0.926
1.06
1.20
1.34
0.530
0.616
0.706
0.799
0.894
2.05
2.44
2.87
3.32
3.82
1.37
1.62
1.91
2.21
2.54
0.977
1.14
1.31
1.49
1.67
0.650
0.758
0.871
0.989
1.11
32
34
36
38
40
3.34
3.77
4.23
4.71
5.22
2.22
2.51
2.81
3.13
3.47
1.33
1.46
1.59
1.72
1.86
0.883
0.969
1.06
1.15
1.23
3.63
4.10
4.59
5.12
5.67
2.42
2.73
3.06
3.41
3.77
1.49
1.64
1.79
1.94
2.10
0.991
1.09
1.19
1.29
1.40
4.34
4.90
5.49
6.12
2.89
3.26
3.66
4.07
1.85
2.05
2.24
2.44
1.23
1.36
1.49
1.62
-1
135c,v
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.633 0.421
Design

Fy = 65 ksi

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
3.55
2.36
3.87
2.57
4.59
3.05
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.547
0.364
0.580
0.386
0.644
0.428
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.709
0.473
0.752
0.502
0.835
r y , in.
0.557
5.76
5.79
5.88
2.50
2.47
2.38
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-35
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W33
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.176 0.117
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.247 0.164
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.193 0.128
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.274 0.182
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.216 0.144
11
12
13
14
15
0.253
0.259
0.265
0.272
0.280
0.168
0.172
0.176
0.181
0.186
0.176
0.176
0.179
0.181
0.183
0.117
0.117
0.119
0.120
0.122
0.278
0.284
0.291
0.299
0.308
0.185
0.189
0.194
0.199
0.205
0.193
0.194
0.197
0.199
0.202
0.128
0.129
0.131
0.133
0.135
0.309
0.316
0.324
0.333
0.343
0.206
0.211
0.216
0.222
0.228
0.216
0.217
0.221
0.224
0.227
0.144
0.145
0.147
0.149
0.151
16
17
18
19
20
0.288
0.298
0.308
0.319
0.331
0.192
0.198
0.205
0.212
0.220
0.186
0.188
0.191
0.194
0.196
0.124
0.125
0.127
0.129
0.131
0.317
0.328
0.339
0.352
0.365
0.211
0.218
0.226
0.234
0.243
0.205
0.208
0.211
0.214
0.218
0.137
0.139
0.141
0.143
0.145
0.354
0.365
0.378
0.393
0.408
0.235
0.243
0.252
0.261
0.272
0.231
0.235
0.238
0.242
0.246
0.154
0.156
0.159
0.161
0.164
22
24
26
28
30
0.359
0.392
0.432
0.480
0.536
0.239
0.261
0.288
0.319
0.357
0.202
0.208
0.215
0.221
0.229
0.134
0.138
0.143
0.147
0.152
0.397
0.434
0.479
0.532
0.596
0.264
0.289
0.318
0.354
0.397
0.225
0.232
0.240
0.248
0.257
0.149
0.154
0.160
0.165
0.171
0.444
0.486
0.537
0.598
0.671
0.295
0.323
0.357
0.398
0.446
0.255
0.264
0.274
0.285
0.296
0.170
0.176
0.182
0.189
0.197
32
34
36
38
40
0.605
0.684
0.766
0.854
0.946
0.403
0.455
0.510
0.568
0.629
0.237
0.245
0.254
0.264
0.274
0.157
0.163
0.169
0.175
0.182
0.674
0.761
0.854
0.951
1.05
0.449
0.507
0.568
0.633
0.701
0.267
0.277
0.288
0.300
0.314
0.177
0.184
0.192
0.200
0.209
0.761
0.859
0.963
1.07
1.19
0.506
0.571
0.641
0.714
0.791
0.308
0.322
0.337
0.353
0.378
0.205
0.214
0.224
0.235
0.251
42
44
46
48
50
1.04
1.14
1.25
1.36
1.48
0.694
0.762
0.832
0.906
0.984
0.285 0.190 1.16

0.773 0.333
0.300 0.200 1.28
0.848 0.353
0.317 0.211 1.39
0.927 0.372
0.333 0.222 1.52
1.01
0.392
0.350 0.233 1.65
1.10
0.412
0.221
0.235
0.248
0.261
0.274
1.31
1.44
1.57
1.71
1.86
0.872
0.957
1.05
1.14
1.24
0.403
0.428
0.453
0.477
0.502
0.268
0.285
0.301
0.318
0.334
-1
318
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.225 0.150
Design

354h
387
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
0.878
0.584
0.972
0.647
1.10
0.729
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.225
0.150
0.247
0.164
0.274
0.182
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.292
0.195
0.321
0.214
0.356
r y , in.
h
W33
0.237
3.87
3.88
3.91
3.77
3.74
3.71

IV-36
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W33
W33
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.236 0.157
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.339 0.226
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.264 0.175
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.374 0.249
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.292 0.194
11
12
13
14
15
0.339
0.347
0.356
0.366
0.377
0.226
0.231
0.237
0.243
0.251
0.236
0.238
0.242
0.246
0.250
0.157
0.159
0.161
0.164
0.167
0.378
0.386
0.395
0.406
0.418
0.252
0.257
0.262
0.270
0.278
0.264
0.267
0.271
0.276
0.281
0.175
0.177
0.180
0.183
0.187
0.417
0.426
0.436
0.447
0.459
0.277
0.283
0.290
0.297
0.305
0.292
0.296
0.301
0.306
0.312
0.194
0.197
0.200
0.204
0.208
16
17
18
19
20
0.389
0.402
0.416
0.432
0.450
0.259
0.267
0.277
0.288
0.299
0.254
0.259
0.263
0.268
0.273
0.169
0.172
0.175
0.178
0.181
0.431
0.446
0.462
0.480
0.500
0.287
0.297
0.308
0.319
0.332
0.285
0.291
0.296
0.302
0.307
0.190
0.193
0.197
0.201
0.204
0.472
0.489
0.507
0.527
0.549
0.314
0.325
0.337
0.351
0.365
0.318
0.324
0.330
0.337
0.344
0.211
0.216
0.220
0.224
0.229
22
24
26
28
30
0.490
0.537
0.594
0.663
0.745
0.326
0.357
0.395
0.441
0.496
0.283
0.294
0.306
0.319
0.333
0.188
0.196
0.203
0.212
0.221
0.544
0.598
0.662
0.740
0.833
0.362
0.398
0.441
0.492
0.554
0.319
0.333
0.347
0.363
0.380
0.213
0.221
0.231
0.241
0.253
0.599
0.660
0.732
0.820
0.925
0.399
0.439
0.487
0.545
0.616
0.358
0.374
0.391
0.410
0.431
0.238
0.249
0.260
0.273
0.287
32
34
36
38
40
0.846
0.955
1.07
1.19
1.32
0.563
0.636
0.713
0.794
0.880
0.348
0.364
0.383
0.413
0.443
0.231
0.242
0.255
0.275
0.295
0.946
1.07
1.20
1.33
1.48
0.630
0.711
0.797
0.888
0.984
0.399
0.419
0.452
0.489
0.525
0.265
0.279
0.301
0.325
0.349
1.05
1.19
1.33
1.48
1.65
0.701
0.791
0.887
0.988
1.09
0.455
0.487
0.530
0.574
0.619
0.302
0.324
0.353
0.382
0.412
42
44
46
48
50
1.46
1.60
1.75
1.90
2.07
0.970
1.06
1.16
1.27
1.37
0.473 0.315
1.63
1.08
0.562
0.503 0.335
1.79
1.19
0.598
0.533 0.354
1.96
1.30
0.635
0.563 0.374
2.13
1.42
0.672
0.592 0.394
2.31
1.54
0.708
0.374
0.398
0.422
0.447
0.471
1.81
1.99
2.18
2.37
2.57
1.21
1.32
1.45
1.58
1.71
0.663
0.708
0.753
0.797
0.842
0.441
0.471
0.501
0.530
0.560
-1
241c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.300 0.200
Design

263c
291
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.21
0.807
1.36
0.903
1.51
1.00
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.300
0.200
0.332
0.221
0.361
0.240
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.389
0.260
0.431
0.287
0.469
r y , in.
c
Fy = 65 ksi
0.313
3.91
3.91
3.90
3.68
3.66
3.62

IV-37
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W33
Shape
201c
221
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.320 0.213
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.468 0.311
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.355 0.236
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.575 0.382
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.436 0.290
11
12
13
14
15
0.462
0.472
0.482
0.495
0.508
0.307
0.314
0.321
0.329
0.338
0.320
0.325
0.331
0.337
0.344
0.213
0.216
0.220
0.224
0.229
0.521
0.531
0.544
0.557
0.573
0.346
0.354
0.362
0.371
0.381
0.355
0.361
0.368
0.376
0.383
0.236
0.240
0.245
0.250
0.255
0.710
0.740
0.776
0.817
0.864
0.472
0.493
0.516
0.543
0.575
0.476
0.490
0.505
0.521
0.538
0.317
0.326
0.336
0.347
0.358
16
17
18
19
20
0.523
0.540
0.558
0.579
0.602
0.348
0.359
0.372
0.385
0.400
0.351
0.358
0.365
0.373
0.381
0.233
0.238
0.243
0.248
0.253
0.589
0.608
0.629
0.652
0.677
0.392
0.405
0.418
0.433
0.450
0.391
0.399
0.408
0.417
0.427
0.260
0.266
0.272
0.278
0.284
0.918
0.982
1.06
1.14
1.25
0.611
0.653
0.702
0.761
0.829
0.556
0.575
0.596
0.618
0.642
0.370
0.383
0.396
0.411
0.427
22
24
26
28
30
0.658
0.725
0.807
0.905
1.02
0.438
0.483
0.537
0.602
0.682
0.398
0.417
0.437
0.460
0.485
0.265
0.277
0.291
0.306
0.323
0.736
0.810
0.902
1.01
1.15
0.489
0.539
0.600
0.675
0.766
0.447
0.469
0.493
0.520
0.551
0.297
0.312
0.328
0.346
0.366
1.50
1.78
2.09
2.43
2.79
0.997
1.19
1.39
1.62
1.85
0.695
0.786
0.891
0.999
1.11
0.463
0.523
0.593
0.664
0.737
32
34
36
38
40
1.17
1.32
1.48
1.64
1.82
0.776
0.876
0.982
1.09
1.21
0.513
0.562
0.614
0.666
0.719
0.341
0.374
0.408
0.443
0.478
1.31
1.48
1.66
1.85
2.05
0.871
0.984
1.10
1.23
1.36
0.596
0.657
0.719
0.782
0.846
0.397
0.437
0.479
0.520
0.563
3.17
3.58
4.01
4.47
4.95
2.11
2.38
2.67
2.98
3.30
1.22
1.33
1.44
1.55
1.66
0.810
0.883
0.957
1.03
1.10
42
44
46
48
50
2.01
2.20
2.41
2.62
2.85
1.34
1.47
1.60
1.75
1.89
0.772 0.514 2.26

1.50
0.910
0.825 0.549 2.48
1.65
0.975
0.879 0.585 2.71
1.80
1.04
0.932 0.620 2.95
1.96
1.11
0.986 0.656 3.20
2.13
1.17
0.606
0.649
0.692
0.736
0.780
-1
169c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.414 0.276
Design

W33
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.67
1.11
1.86
1.24
3.25
2.16
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.393
0.262
0.435
0.289
0.519
0.345
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.510
0.340
0.564
0.376
0.673
r y , in.
0.449
3.93
3.93
5.48
3.59
3.56
2.50


IV-38
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W33
W33
Shape
141c,v
152
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.490 0.326
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.713 0.474
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.533 0.355
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.787 0.523
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.587 0.390
11
12
13
14
15
0.798
0.832
0.872
0.918
0.971
0.531
0.554
0.580
0.611
0.646
0.540
0.557
0.574
0.593
0.614
0.359
0.370
0.382
0.395
0.408
0.881
0.920
0.964
1.02
1.08
0.586
0.612
0.642
0.676
0.716
0.591
0.610
0.630
0.652
0.675
0.393
0.406
0.419
0.434
0.449
0.974
1.02
1.07
1.13
1.19
0.648
0.677
0.710
0.749
0.793
0.656
0.678
0.702
0.727
0.754
0.436
0.451
0.467
0.484
0.502
16
17
18
19
20
1.03
1.10
1.19
1.29
1.40
0.687
0.735
0.791
0.856
0.934
0.636
0.659
0.684
0.711
0.741
0.423
0.438
0.455
0.473
0.493
1.15
1.23
1.32
1.43
1.56
0.762
0.816
0.879
0.953
1.04
0.700
0.727
0.756
0.787
0.821
0.466
0.483
0.503
0.524
0.546
1.27
1.36
1.47
1.60
1.75
0.846
0.907
0.979
1.06
1.17
0.784
0.816
0.850
0.888
0.929
0.521
0.543
0.566
0.591
0.618
22
24
26
28
30
1.69
2.01
2.36
2.74
3.15
1.13
1.34
1.57
1.82
2.09
0.810
0.936
1.07
1.20
1.33
0.539
0.623
0.709
0.798
0.888
1.89
2.25
2.64
3.07
3.52
1.26
1.50
1.76
2.04
2.34
0.918
1.06
1.21
1.37
1.53
0.611
0.708
0.808
0.911
1.02
2.12
2.52
2.96
3.43
3.94
1.41
1.68
1.97
2.28
2.62
1.06
1.23
1.41
1.60
1.78
0.707
0.821
0.939
1.06
1.19
32
34
36
38
40
3.58
4.04
4.53
5.05
5.60
2.38
2.69
3.02
3.36
3.72
1.47
1.61
1.75
1.89
2.03
0.979
1.07
1.16
1.26
1.35
4.00
4.52
5.07
5.65
6.26
2.66
3.01
3.37
3.76
4.16
1.69
1.85
2.02
2.18
2.35
1.12
1.23
1.34
1.45
1.56
4.48
5.06
5.68
6.32
2.98
3.37
3.78
4.21
1.98
2.17
2.37
2.57
1.32
1.45
1.58
1.71
-1
130c,v
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.647 0.430
Design

Fy = 65 ksi

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
3.71
2.47
4.10
2.73
4.61
3.06
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.572
0.381
0.619
0.412
0.671
0.446
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.742
0.495
0.803
0.535
0.870
r y , in.
0.580
5.47
5.51
5.52
2.47
2.43
2.39
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-39
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W30
W33
Shape
c,v
118
b x 10
p 10
-1
357h
391
3
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.223 0.149
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.189 0.126
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.245 0.163
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.208 0.138
11
12
13
14
15
1.11
1.16
1.22
1.29
1.37
0.738
0.771
0.811
0.856
0.910
0.747
0.773
0.802
0.832
0.865
0.497
0.514
0.533
0.554
0.576
0.253
0.259
0.265
0.273
0.281
0.168
0.172
0.176
0.181
0.187
0.189
0.190
0.192
0.195
0.197
0.126
0.127
0.128
0.130
0.131
0.277
0.284
0.291
0.300
0.309
0.184
0.189
0.194
0.199
0.205
0.208
0.209
0.212
0.215
0.218
0.138
0.139
0.141
0.143
0.145
16
17
18
19
20
1.46
1.57
1.70
1.86
2.05
0.972
1.05
1.13
1.24
1.37
0.901
0.940
0.982
1.03
1.08
0.600
0.625
0.654
0.684
0.718
0.290
0.300
0.311
0.322
0.335
0.193
0.199
0.207
0.215
0.223
0.199
0.202
0.204
0.207
0.209
0.133
0.134
0.136
0.138
0.139
0.319
0.330
0.342
0.355
0.370
0.212
0.219
0.228
0.236
0.246
0.220
0.223
0.226
0.229
0.233
0.147
0.149
0.151
0.153
0.155
22
24
26
28
30
2.48
2.95
3.47
4.02
4.62
1.65
1.97
2.31
2.68
3.07
1.27
1.48
1.70
1.92
2.16
0.845
0.984
1.13
1.28
1.44
0.365
0.401
0.444
0.496
0.558
0.243
0.267
0.295
0.330
0.371
0.215
0.220
0.226
0.233
0.239
0.143
0.147
0.151
0.155
0.159
0.403
0.444
0.492
0.550
0.620
0.268
0.295
0.327
0.366
0.413
0.239
0.246
0.254
0.261
0.270
0.159
0.164
0.169
0.174
0.179
32
34
36
38
40
5.25
5.93
6.65
7.41
3.49
3.95
4.42
4.93
2.40
2.64
2.89
3.14
1.59
1.76
1.92
2.09
0.633
0.715
0.802
0.893
0.990
0.421
0.476
0.533
0.594
0.658
0.246
0.254
0.262
0.270
0.279
0.164
0.169
0.174
0.180
0.186
0.705
0.796
0.892
0.994
1.10
0.469
0.530
0.594
0.662
0.733
0.279
0.288
0.298
0.309
0.321
0.185
0.192
0.199
0.206
0.214
1.09
0.726 0.289
1.20
0.797 0.299
1.31
0.871 0.310
1.43
0.948 0.325
1.55
1.03
0.340
0.192
0.199
0.206
0.216
0.226
1.21
1.33
1.46
1.59
1.72
0.808
0.887
0.969
1.06
1.15
0.334
0.349
0.368
0.387
0.406
0.222
0.233
0.245
0.257
0.270
42
44
46
48
50
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.660 0.439
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.890 0.592
Design

W33-W30
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
5.34
3.55
0.884
0.588
0.982
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.740
0.493
0.223
0.149
0.245
0.163
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.961
0.640
0.290
0.193
0.317
0.212
r y , in.
0.654
5.60
3.65
3.65
2.32
3.67
3.64
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-40
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W30
W30
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.230 0.153
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.299 0.199
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.259 0.172
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.334 0.222
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.291 0.193
11
12
13
14
15
0.304
0.312
0.320
0.330
0.340
0.203
0.208
0.213
0.219
0.226
0.230
0.233
0.236
0.239
0.242
0.153
0.155
0.157
0.159
0.161
0.340
0.348
0.358
0.368
0.380
0.226
0.232
0.238
0.245
0.253
0.259
0.262
0.266
0.270
0.274
0.172
0.174
0.177
0.179
0.182
0.381
0.391
0.402
0.414
0.427
0.254
0.260
0.267
0.275
0.284
0.291
0.296
0.300
0.305
0.311
0.194
0.197
0.200
0.203
0.207
16
17
18
19
20
0.351
0.364
0.377
0.392
0.409
0.234
0.242
0.251
0.261
0.272
0.246
0.249
0.253
0.257
0.261
0.164
0.166
0.168
0.171
0.173
0.393
0.407
0.422
0.439
0.458
0.261
0.271
0.281
0.292
0.305
0.278
0.282
0.287
0.292
0.296
0.185
0.188
0.191
0.194
0.197
0.442
0.458
0.476
0.496
0.518
0.294
0.305
0.317
0.330
0.344
0.316
0.321
0.327
0.333
0.339
0.210
0.214
0.218
0.221
0.225
22
24
26
28
30
0.447
0.492
0.547
0.613
0.694
0.297
0.328
0.364
0.408
0.462
0.269
0.277
0.286
0.296
0.306
0.179
0.184
0.190
0.197
0.204
0.501
0.553
0.615
0.690
0.782
0.333
0.368
0.409
0.459
0.520
0.306
0.317
0.329
0.341
0.355
0.204
0.211
0.219
0.227
0.236
0.568
0.628
0.701
0.789
0.899
0.378
0.418
0.466
0.525
0.598
0.352
0.365
0.380
0.397
0.414
0.234
0.243
0.253
0.264
0.276
32
34
36
38
40
0.789
0.891
0.999
1.11
1.23
0.525
0.593
0.665
0.741
0.821
0.318
0.330
0.342
0.356
0.372
0.211
0.219
0.228
0.237
0.247
0.890
1.00
1.13
1.26
1.39
0.592
0.669
0.749
0.835
0.925
0.369
0.385
0.402
0.421
0.450
0.246
0.256
0.268
0.280
0.299
1.02
1.15
1.29
1.44
1.60
0.680
0.768
0.861
0.959
1.06
0.434
0.455
0.481
0.517
0.554
0.289
0.303
0.320
0.344
0.368
42
44
46
48
50
1.36
1.49
1.63
1.78
1.93
0.905
0.993
1.09
1.18
1.28
0.392 0.261 1.53

1.02
0.479
0.415 0.276 1.68
1.12
0.507
0.438 0.291 1.84
1.22
0.535
0.460 0.306 2.00
1.33
0.564
0.483 0.321 2.17
1.45
0.592
0.318
0.337
0.356
0.375
0.394
1.76
1.93
2.11
2.30
2.50
1.17
1.29
1.41
1.53
1.66
0.590
0.626
0.662
0.698
0.734
0.392
0.416
0.440
0.464
0.488
-1
261
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.268 0.178
Design

292
326
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.09
0.724
1.23
0.818
1.40
0.930
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.268
0.178
0.299
0.199
0.334
0.222
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.348
0.232
0.388
0.258
0.433
r y , in.
h
Fy = 65 ksi
0.289
3.67
3.69
3.71
3.60
3.58
3.53

IV-41
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W30
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.324 0.215
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.422 0.281
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.365 0.243
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.479 0.319
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.406 0.270
11
12
13
14
15
0.424
0.435
0.447
0.461
0.476
0.282
0.289
0.298
0.307
0.317
0.324
0.330
0.335
0.341
0.347
0.216
0.219
0.223
0.227
0.231
0.475
0.487
0.499
0.514
0.531
0.316
0.324
0.332
0.342
0.353
0.366
0.373
0.380
0.387
0.394
0.244
0.248
0.253
0.257
0.262
0.539
0.551
0.565
0.581
0.599
0.359
0.367
0.376
0.387
0.398
0.408
0.416
0.424
0.433
0.441
0.272
0.277
0.282
0.288
0.294
16
17
18
19
20
0.493
0.511
0.531
0.554
0.578
0.328
0.340
0.354
0.368
0.385
0.353
0.360
0.367
0.374
0.381
0.235
0.240
0.244
0.249
0.254
0.550
0.571
0.594
0.619
0.646
0.366
0.380
0.395
0.412
0.430
0.402
0.410
0.418
0.427
0.436
0.267
0.273
0.278
0.284
0.290
0.618
0.640
0.663
0.692
0.724
0.411
0.426
0.441
0.460
0.481
0.450
0.460
0.470
0.480
0.491
0.300
0.306
0.313
0.319
0.327
22
24
26
28
30
0.635
0.703
0.786
0.886
1.01
0.422
0.468
0.523
0.589
0.672
0.397
0.413
0.432
0.452
0.474
0.264
0.275
0.287
0.301
0.315
0.710
0.788
0.882
0.995
1.14
0.473
0.524
0.587
0.662
0.756
0.455
0.476
0.499
0.524
0.552
0.303
0.317
0.332
0.349
0.368
0.796
0.885
0.992
1.12
1.28
0.530
0.589
0.660
0.747
0.854
0.514
0.540
0.568
0.599
0.634
0.342
0.359
0.378
0.398
0.422
32
34
36
38
40
1.15
1.30
1.45
1.62
1.80
0.764
0.863
0.968
1.08
1.19
0.498
0.527
0.571
0.615
0.659
0.331
0.350
0.380
0.409
0.439
1.29
1.46
1.64
1.82
2.02
0.860
0.971
1.09
1.21
1.34
0.584
0.635
0.690
0.746
0.802
0.388
0.423
0.459
0.496
0.533
1.46
1.65
1.85
2.06
2.28
0.972
1.10
1.23
1.37
1.52
0.686
0.753
0.821
0.889
0.957
0.457
0.501
0.546
0.591
0.637
42
44
46
48
50
1.98
2.17
2.37
2.59
2.81
1.32
1.45
1.58
1.72
1.87
0.704 0.468 2.23

1.48
0.858
0.748 0.498 2.44
1.63
0.914
0.792 0.527 2.67
1.78
0.970
0.837 0.557 2.91
1.94
1.03
0.881 0.586 3.16
2.10
1.08
0.571
0.608
0.645
0.683
0.720
2.52
2.76
3.02
3.29
3.57
1.67
1.84
2.01
2.19
2.37
1.03
1.10
1.16
1.23
1.30
0.683
0.729
0.775
0.821
0.867
-1
191c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.373 0.248
Design

211c
235
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.57
1.04
1.77
1.18
1.99
1.32
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.371
0.247
0.412
0.274
0.458
0.305
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.481
0.321
0.535
0.357
0.594
r y , in.
c
W30
0.396
3.70
3.70
3.70
3.51
3.49
3.46

IV-42
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W30
W30
Shape
148c
173
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.451 0.300
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.639 0.425
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.548 0.365
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.734 0.488
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.627 0.417
11
12
13
14
15
0.606
0.620
0.636
0.653
0.673
0.403
0.412
0.423
0.435
0.448
0.455
0.464
0.474
0.483
0.494
0.303
0.309
0.315
0.322
0.328
0.831
0.876
0.929
0.991
1.07
0.553
0.583
0.618
0.659
0.709
0.616
0.636
0.657
0.680
0.704
0.410
0.423
0.437
0.452
0.469
0.953
1.00
1.07
1.14
1.22
0.634
0.668
0.709
0.757
0.813
0.712
0.737
0.763
0.792
0.822
0.474
0.490
0.508
0.527
0.547
16
17
18
19
20
0.695
0.719
0.746
0.776
0.810
0.462
0.478
0.496
0.516
0.539
0.504
0.515
0.527
0.539
0.552
0.336
0.343
0.351
0.359
0.367
1.16
1.26
1.38
1.53
1.69
0.769
0.839
0.920
1.02
1.12
0.731
0.759
0.789
0.823
0.859
0.486
0.505
0.525
0.547
0.571
1.32
1.45
1.59
1.76
1.95
0.880
0.962
1.06
1.17
1.30
0.856
0.892
0.931
0.974
1.02
0.569
0.593
0.619
0.648
0.679
22
24
26
28
30
0.889
0.990
1.11
1.26
1.45
0.592
0.659
0.741
0.841
0.964
0.580
0.610
0.644
0.681
0.724
0.386
0.406
0.428
0.453
0.481
2.05
2.43
2.86
3.31
3.80
1.36
1.62
1.90
2.20
2.53
0.967
1.10
1.25
1.39
1.53
0.643
0.735
0.828
0.923
1.02
2.36
2.81
3.30
3.82
4.39
1.57
1.87
2.19
2.54
2.92
1.18
1.36
1.54
1.72
1.91
0.787
0.904
1.02
1.15
1.27
32
34
36
38
40
1.65
1.86
2.09
2.32
2.57
1.10
1.24
1.39
1.55
1.71
0.802
0.882
0.964
1.05
1.13
0.533
0.587
0.641
0.696
0.751
4.33
4.89
5.48
2.88
3.25
3.64
1.67
1.82
1.96
1.11
1.21
1.30
4.99
5.64
6.32
3.32
3.75
4.21
2.09
2.28
2.47
1.39
1.52
1.64
42
44
46
48
50
2.84
3.12
3.41
3.71
4.02
1.89
2.07
2.27
2.47
2.68
1.21
0.807
1.30
0.863
1.38
0.919
1.47
0.976
1.55
1.03
-1
132c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.538 0.358
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
2.23
1.48
4.03
2.68
4.69
3.12
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.505
0.336
0.589
0.392
0.662
0.441
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.655
0.437
0.765
0.510
0.859
r y , in.
0.573
3.71
5.44
5.42
3.42
2.28
2.25


IV-43
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W30
Shape
116c,v
124
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.672 0.447
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.858 0.571
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.725 0.482
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.942 0.627
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.792 0.527
11
12
13
14
15
1.03
1.09
1.15
1.23
1.32
0.685
0.722
0.766
0.817
0.878
0.767
0.794
0.824
0.856
0.890
0.510
0.528
0.548
0.569
0.592
1.12
1.18
1.26
1.34
1.45
0.745
0.786
0.835
0.893
0.962
0.834
0.865
0.898
0.934
0.973
0.555
0.575
0.597
0.621
0.647
1.23
1.30
1.39
1.48
1.60
0.820
0.867
0.922
0.988
1.07
0.921
0.957
0.996
1.04
1.08
0.613
0.637
0.663
0.691
0.721
16
17
18
19
20
1.43
1.56
1.72
1.91
2.11
0.951
1.04
1.14
1.27
1.40
0.927
0.968
1.01
1.06
1.12
0.617
0.644
0.673
0.706
0.745
1.57
1.72
1.89
2.11
2.34
1.04
1.14
1.26
1.40
1.55
1.01
1.06
1.11
1.17
1.26
0.675
0.706
0.739
0.776
0.837
1.74
1.91
2.12
2.36
2.62
1.16
1.27
1.41
1.57
1.74
1.13
1.19
1.25
1.32
1.44
0.754
0.791
0.831
0.877
0.959
22
24
26
28
30
2.55
3.04
3.57
4.14
4.75
1.70
2.02
2.37
2.75
3.16
1.31
1.51
1.72
1.92
2.13
0.873
1.01
1.14
1.28
1.42
2.83
3.36
3.95
4.58
5.26
1.88
2.24
2.63
3.05
3.50
1.48
1.70
1.94
2.18
2.42
0.983
1.13
1.29
1.45
1.61
3.16
3.77
4.42
5.13
5.88
2.11
2.51
2.94
3.41
3.91
1.70
1.96
2.24
2.52
2.81
1.13
1.31
1.49
1.68
1.87
32
34
36
5.40
6.10
6.84
3.60
4.06
4.55
2.35
2.56
2.78
1.56
1.70
1.85
5.98
6.75
7.57
3.98
4.49
5.04
2.67
2.92
3.17
1.78
1.94
2.11
6.69
7.56
4.45
5.03
3.10
3.40
2.06
2.26
-1
108c,v
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.793 0.527
Design

W30

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
5.08
3.38
5.57
3.71
6.24
4.15
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.704
0.468
0.751
0.500
0.810
0.539
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.913
0.609
0.975
0.650
1.05
r y , in.
0.701
5.43
5.48
5.53
2.23
2.19
2.15
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-44
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W30-W27
W30
Shape
W27
c,v
c,f,v
b x 10
p 10
-1
539h
90
99
3
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.05
0.700
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.878 0.584
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.20
0.797
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.983 0.654
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.162 0.108
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.145 0.0965
11
12
13
14
15
1.38
1.46
1.56
1.68
1.81
0.921
0.975
1.04
1.11
1.21
1.03
1.08
1.12
1.17
1.23
0.687
0.715
0.746
0.779
0.815
1.57
1.65
1.76
1.89
2.03
1.04
1.10
1.17
1.25
1.35
1.14
1.19
1.24
1.30
1.36
0.761
0.793
0.827
0.865
0.906
0.183
0.187
0.192
0.198
0.204
0.122
0.125
0.128
0.131
0.135
0.145
0.146
0.147
0.148
0.149
0.0965
0.0970
0.0977
0.0984
0.0992
16
17
18
19
20
1.98
2.18
2.43
2.70
3.00
1.32
1.45
1.61
1.80
1.99
1.29
1.35
1.42
1.55
1.69
0.855
0.899
0.947
1.03
1.13
2.21
2.43
2.70
3.01
3.34
1.47
1.62
1.80
2.00
2.22
1.43
1.51
1.59
1.75
1.92
0.951
1.00
1.06
1.17
1.28
0.210
0.217
0.225
0.234
0.244
0.140
0.145
0.150
0.156
0.162
0.150
0.151
0.152
0.154
0.155
0.0999
0.101
0.101
0.102
0.103
22
24
26
28
30
3.63
4.31
5.06
5.87
6.74
2.41
2.87
3.37
3.91
4.49
2.00
2.32
2.65
2.99
3.34
1.33
1.54
1.76
1.99
2.22
4.04
4.80
5.64
6.54
7.51
2.69
3.20
3.75
4.35
4.99
2.28
2.65
3.04
3.44
3.85
1.52
1.76
2.02
2.29
2.56
0.266
0.292
0.324
0.362
0.407
0.177
0.194
0.215
0.241
0.271
0.157
0.160
0.162
0.165
0.168
0.105
0.106
0.108
0.110
0.112
32
34
36
38
40
7.67
8.66
5.10
5.76
3.69
4.06
2.46
2.70
8.54
9.64
5.68
6.41
4.27
4.70
2.84
3.13
0.463
0.523
0.586
0.653
0.724
0.308
0.348
0.390
0.435
0.481
0.171
0.174
0.177
0.180
0.183
0.114
0.116
0.118
0.120
0.122
0.798
0.876
0.957
1.04
1.13
0.531
0.583
0.637
0.693
0.752
0.187
0.190
0.194
0.198
0.202
0.124
0.127
0.129
0.132
0.134
Design
Effective length, KL (ft), with respect to least radius of gyration, ry , or
Unbraced Length, Lb (ft), for X-X axis bending
Fy = 65 ksi
42
44
46
48
50
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
7.10
4.72
8.07
5.37
0.627
0.417
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.886
0.589
0.977
0.650
0.162
0.108
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.15
0.766
1.27
0.845
0.210
r y , in.
0.140
5.57
5.60
3.48
2.10
2.09
3.65
Shape does not meet compact limit for flexure with F y = 65 ksi.
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-45
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W27
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.221 0.147
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.259 0.172
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.243 0.161
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.285 0.190
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.266 0.177
11
12
13
14
15
0.270
0.277
0.285
0.294
0.304
0.180
0.185
0.190
0.196
0.202
0.221
0.224
0.226
0.229
0.231
0.147
0.149
0.151
0.152
0.154
0.298
0.306
0.315
0.324
0.335
0.198
0.203
0.209
0.216
0.223
0.243
0.246
0.249
0.252
0.255
0.162
0.164
0.166
0.168
0.170
0.328
0.337
0.348
0.359
0.371
0.219
0.225
0.231
0.239
0.247
0.267
0.271
0.274
0.278
0.282
0.178
0.180
0.183
0.185
0.188
16
17
18
19
20
0.315
0.327
0.340
0.354
0.370
0.209
0.217
0.226
0.236
0.246
0.234
0.237
0.239
0.242
0.245
0.156
0.157
0.159
0.161
0.163
0.348
0.361
0.376
0.392
0.410
0.231
0.240
0.250
0.261
0.273
0.258
0.262
0.265
0.268
0.272
0.172
0.174
0.176
0.179
0.181
0.385
0.400
0.417
0.436
0.456
0.256
0.266
0.278
0.290
0.303
0.286
0.290
0.294
0.298
0.302
0.190
0.193
0.196
0.198
0.201
22
24
26
28
30
0.407
0.452
0.506
0.572
0.653
0.271
0.301
0.337
0.380
0.435
0.251
0.257
0.264
0.270
0.278
0.167
0.171
0.175
0.180
0.185
0.452
0.502
0.564
0.638
0.730
0.301
0.334
0.375
0.425
0.486
0.279
0.287
0.295
0.303
0.312
0.186
0.191
0.196
0.202
0.208
0.504
0.561
0.631
0.717
0.822
0.335
0.373
0.420
0.477
0.547
0.311
0.321
0.331
0.342
0.354
0.207
0.214
0.220
0.228
0.235
32
34
36
38
40
0.743
0.839
0.941
1.05
1.16
0.494
0.558
0.626
0.697
0.773
0.285
0.293
0.302
0.311
0.320
0.190
0.195
0.201
0.207
0.213
0.831
0.938
1.05
1.17
1.30
0.553
0.624
0.700
0.780
0.864
0.322
0.332
0.343
0.355
0.367
0.214
0.221
0.228
0.236
0.244
0.935
1.06
1.18
1.32
1.46
0.622
0.703
0.788
0.878
0.972
0.366
0.379
0.394
0.409
0.426
0.244
0.252
0.262
0.272
0.283
42
44
46
48
50
1.28
1.41
1.54
1.67
1.81
0.852
0.935
1.02
1.11
1.21
0.331 0.220 1.43

0.952 0.381
0.341 0.227 1.57
1.05
0.395
0.353 0.235 1.72
1.14
0.413
0.365 0.243 1.87
1.24
0.434
0.381 0.254 2.03
1.35
0.454
0.253
0.263
0.275
0.289
0.302
1.61
1.77
1.93
2.10
2.28
1.07
1.18
1.29
1.40
1.52
0.445
0.469
0.494
0.519
0.543
0.296
0.312
0.329
0.345
0.361
-1
307h
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.236 0.157
Design

336h
368
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
0.982
0.654
1.09
0.724
1.21
0.803
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.236
0.157
0.259
0.172
0.285
0.190
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.306
0.204
0.336
0.224
0.370
r y , in.
h
W27
0.246
3.51
3.51
3.52
3.48
3.45
3.41

IV-46
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W27
W27
Shape
281
258
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.293 0.195
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.338 0.225
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.322 0.214
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.370 0.246
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.355 0.236
11
12
13
14
15
0.357
0.367
0.378
0.390
0.404
0.238
0.244
0.252
0.260
0.269
0.295
0.299
0.303
0.307
0.312
0.196
0.199
0.202
0.205
0.207
0.391
0.402
0.414
0.428
0.443
0.260
0.267
0.276
0.285
0.295
0.324
0.329
0.334
0.339
0.345
0.216
0.219
0.222
0.226
0.229
0.430
0.442
0.456
0.472
0.489
0.286
0.294
0.303
0.314
0.325
0.359
0.365
0.371
0.377
0.383
0.239
0.243
0.247
0.251
0.255
16
17
18
19
20
0.419
0.436
0.455
0.475
0.498
0.279
0.290
0.303
0.316
0.331
0.316
0.321
0.326
0.331
0.336
0.211
0.214
0.217
0.220
0.224
0.460
0.479
0.500
0.523
0.548
0.306
0.319
0.333
0.348
0.365
0.350
0.356
0.362
0.368
0.374
0.233
0.237
0.241
0.245
0.249
0.508
0.529
0.552
0.578
0.607
0.338
0.352
0.367
0.385
0.404
0.390
0.397
0.404
0.411
0.419
0.259
0.264
0.269
0.274
0.279
22
24
26
28
30
0.550
0.614
0.692
0.787
0.903
0.366
0.408
0.460
0.523
0.601
0.347
0.359
0.371
0.384
0.398
0.231
0.239
0.247
0.256
0.265
0.607
0.679
0.766
0.874
1.00
0.404
0.452
0.510
0.582
0.668
0.387
0.401
0.416
0.433
0.450
0.258
0.267
0.277
0.288
0.300
0.673
0.754
0.853
0.976
1.12
0.448
0.501
0.567
0.649
0.745
0.435
0.452
0.471
0.492
0.514
0.289
0.301
0.313
0.327
0.342
32
34
36
38
40
1.03
1.16
1.30
1.45
1.61
0.683
0.772
0.865
0.964
1.07
0.414
0.430
0.448
0.467
0.492
0.275
0.286
0.298
0.311
0.327
1.14
1.29
1.45
1.61
1.78
0.760
0.858
0.962
1.07
1.19
0.470
0.490
0.513
0.544
0.580
0.312
0.326
0.342
0.362
0.386
1.27
1.44
1.61
1.80
1.99
0.848
0.957
1.07
1.20
1.33
0.538
0.565
0.603
0.646
0.690
0.358
0.376
0.401
0.430
0.459
42
44
46
48
50
1.77
1.94
2.12
2.31
2.51
1.18
1.29
1.41
1.54
1.67
0.522 0.347 1.97

1.31
0.615
0.551 0.367 2.16
1.44
0.650
0.580 0.386 2.36
1.57
0.685
0.610 0.406 2.57
1.71
0.721
0.639 0.425 2.79
1.85
0.756
0.409
0.433
0.456
0.479
0.503
2.20
2.41
2.63
2.87
3.11
1.46
1.60
1.75
1.91
2.07
0.733
0.776
0.818
0.861
0.904
0.487
0.516
0.544
0.573
0.601
-1
235
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.309 0.206
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.33
0.885
1.47
0.975
1.63
1.09
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.309
0.206
0.338
0.225
0.370
0.246
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.401
0.267
0.438
0.292
0.480
r y , in.
0.320
3.54
3.54
3.54
3.39
3.36
3.33

IV-47
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W27
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.385 0.256
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.452 0.301
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.434 0.289
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.495 0.330
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.481 0.320
11
12
13
14
15
0.467
0.481
0.496
0.513
0.532
0.311
0.320
0.330
0.341
0.354
0.390
0.397
0.403
0.411
0.418
0.259
0.264
0.268
0.273
0.278
0.524
0.540
0.557
0.577
0.598
0.349
0.359
0.371
0.384
0.398
0.441
0.449
0.457
0.466
0.475
0.293
0.299
0.304
0.310
0.316
0.572
0.590
0.609
0.631
0.655
0.381
0.392
0.405
0.420
0.436
0.489
0.499
0.509
0.519
0.530
0.325
0.332
0.338
0.345
0.352
16
17
18
19
20
0.553
0.576
0.601
0.629
0.661
0.368
0.383
0.400
0.419
0.440
0.426
0.434
0.442
0.450
0.459
0.283
0.288
0.294
0.300
0.306
0.622
0.648
0.678
0.710
0.746
0.414
0.431
0.451
0.473
0.496
0.484
0.494
0.504
0.515
0.526
0.322
0.329
0.335
0.342
0.350
0.682
0.712
0.745
0.781
0.822
0.454
0.474
0.495
0.520
0.547
0.541
0.552
0.565
0.577
0.591
0.360
0.368
0.376
0.384
0.393
22
24
26
28
30
0.733
0.822
0.931
1.07
1.22
0.488
0.547
0.619
0.710
0.814
0.478
0.499
0.521
0.545
0.572
0.318
0.332
0.347
0.363
0.381
0.830
0.932
1.06
1.22
1.40
0.552
0.620
0.704
0.809
0.928
0.549
0.575
0.604
0.635
0.670
0.366
0.383
0.402
0.422
0.446
0.916
1.03
1.18
1.35
1.55
0.610
0.687
0.782
0.901
1.03
0.619
0.651
0.686
0.725
0.768
0.412
0.433
0.456
0.482
0.511
32
34
36
38
40
1.39
1.57
1.76
1.96
2.18
0.927
1.05
1.17
1.31
1.45
0.602
0.640
0.690
0.741
0.791
0.400
0.426
0.459
0.493
0.527
1.59
1.79
2.01
2.24
2.48
1.06
1.19
1.34
1.49
1.65
0.714
0.778
0.841
0.905
0.968
0.475
0.517
0.560
0.602
0.644
1.77
2.00
2.24
2.49
2.76
1.18
1.33
1.49
1.66
1.84
0.840
0.917
0.995
1.07
1.15
0.559
0.610
0.662
0.713
0.765
42
44
46
48
50
2.40
2.63
2.88
3.13
3.40
1.60
1.75
1.91
2.09
2.26
0.842 0.560 2.73

1.82
1.03
0.892 0.593 3.00
2.00
1.10
0.942 0.627 3.28
2.18
1.16
0.992 0.660 3.57
2.38
1.22
1.04
0.693 3.88
2.58
1.29
0.687
0.729
0.771
0.813
0.855
3.05
3.34
3.66
3.98
4.32
2.03
2.23
2.43
2.65
2.87
1.23
1.31
1.38
1.46
1.54
0.817
0.869
0.920
0.972
1.02
-1
178c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.402 0.268
Design

194c
217
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.78
1.18
2.02
1.34
2.25
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.402
0.268
0.450
0.299
0.489
0.326
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.522
0.348
0.584
0.389
0.635
0.423
r y , in.
c
W27
1.49
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.32
3.29
3.25

IV-48
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W27
W27
Shape
146c
161
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.532 0.354
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.628 0.418
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.591 0.393
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.726 0.483
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.694 0.462
11
12
13
14
15
0.641
0.658
0.678
0.700
0.725
0.426
0.438
0.451
0.466
0.482
0.543
0.554
0.566
0.578
0.590
0.361
0.369
0.376
0.384
0.393
0.720
0.740
0.762
0.787
0.814
0.479
0.492
0.507
0.523
0.542
0.604
0.617
0.631
0.645
0.66
0.402
0.411
0.420
0.429
0.439
0.966
1.02
1.09
1.18
1.28
0.643
0.681
0.726
0.783
0.850
0.788
0.814
0.842
0.873
0.905
0.524
0.542
0.560
0.581
0.602
16
17
18
19
20
0.755
0.789
0.826
0.867
0.912
0.502
0.525
0.549
0.577
0.607
0.604
0.618
0.632
0.647
0.663
0.402
0.411
0.421
0.431
0.441
0.845
0.880
0.919
0.964
1.02
0.562
0.586
0.611
0.641
0.675
0.675
0.691
0.708
0.726
0.745
0.449
0.460
0.471
0.483
0.496
1.39
1.53
1.69
1.87
2.08
0.927
1.02
1.12
1.25
1.38
0.941
0.979
1.02
1.06
1.11
0.626
0.651
0.679
0.708
0.741
22
24
26
28
30
1.02
1.15
1.31
1.51
1.74
0.678
0.765
0.872
1.01
1.16
0.698
0.736
0.778
0.826
0.895
0.464
0.489
0.518
0.550
0.596
1.14
1.28
1.47
1.70
1.95
0.756
0.855
0.977
1.13
1.30
0.786
0.831
0.882
0.939
1.04
0.523
0.553
0.587
0.625
0.695
2.51
2.99
3.51
4.07
4.67
1.67
1.99
2.33
2.71
3.11
1.28
1.46
1.64
1.82
2.00
0.850
0.969
1.09
1.21
1.33
32
34
36
38
40
1.98
2.23
2.50
2.79
3.09
1.31
1.48
1.66
1.85
2.05
0.987
1.08
1.17
1.27
1.36
0.657
0.719
0.781
0.844
0.907
2.22
2.50
2.81
3.13
3.47
1.48
1.67
1.87
2.08
2.31
1.16
1.27
1.38
1.50
1.61
0.769
0.843
0.919
0.995
1.07
5.31
6.00
6.73
3.54
3.99
4.47
2.18
2.36
2.54
1.45
1.57
1.69
42
44
46
48
50
3.40
3.73
4.08
4.44
4.82
2.26
2.48
2.72
2.96
3.21
1.46
0.970 3.82
2.54
1.73
1.55
1.03
4.19
2.79
1.84
1.65
1.10
4.58
3.05
1.96
1.74
1.16
4.99
3.32
2.07
1.84
1.22
5.41
3.60
2.19
-1
129c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.558 0.371
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
1.15
1.23
1.30
1.38
1.46
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
2.51
1.67
2.81
1.87
4.76
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.540
0.359
0.595
0.396
0.680
0.452
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.700
0.467
0.772
0.514
0.882
0.588
r y , in.
3.17
3.56
3.59
5.07
3.23
3.20
2.21


IV-49
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W27
Shape
102c
114
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.799 0.532
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.965 0.642
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.899 0.598
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.07
0.711
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.986 0.656
11
12
13
14
15
1.11
1.18
1.26
1.35
1.46
0.740
0.784
0.836
0.898
0.973
0.917
0.950
0.986
1.02
1.07
0.610
0.632
0.656
0.681
0.709
1.28
1.36
1.45
1.55
1.68
0.852
0.903
0.963
1.03
1.12
1.04
1.08
1.12
1.17
1.22
0.692
0.718
0.746
0.777
0.810
1.42
1.51
1.61
1.73
1.87
0.945
1.00
1.07
1.15
1.24
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.36
0.766
0.797
0.829
0.865
0.904
16
17
18
19
20
1.60
1.76
1.94
2.17
2.40
1.06
1.17
1.29
1.44
1.60
1.11
1.16
1.21
1.27
1.35
0.739
0.771
0.807
0.846
0.900
1.83
2.02
2.24
2.49
2.76
1.22
1.34
1.49
1.66
1.84
1.27
1.33
1.39
1.47
1.60
0.846
0.885
0.928
0.976
1.07
2.04
2.25
2.50
2.79
3.09
1.36
1.49
1.66
1.86
2.06
1.42
1.49
1.57
1.69
1.84
0.946
0.993
1.04
1.12
1.23
22
24
26
28
30
2.90
3.46
4.06
4.70
5.40
1.93
2.30
2.70
3.13
3.59
1.58
1.80
2.04
2.27
2.51
1.05
1.20
1.36
1.51
1.67
3.34
3.98
4.67
5.42
6.22
2.22
2.65
3.11
3.60
4.14
1.87
2.15
2.44
2.74
3.03
1.25
1.43
1.63
1.82
2.02
3.74
4.45
5.22
6.06
6.95
2.49
2.96
3.47
4.03
4.62
2.16
2.50
2.84
3.19
3.54
1.44
1.66
1.89
2.12
2.36
32
34
36
6.14
6.94
7.78
4.09
4.61
5.17
2.75
2.99
3.23
1.83
1.99
2.15
7.07
7.99
4.71
5.31
3.33
3.63
2.22
2.42
7.91
8.93
5.26
5.94
3.90
4.26
2.59
2.83
-1
94c,v
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.836 0.556
Design

W27

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
5.56
3.70
6.31
4.20
7.06
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.765
0.509
0.856
0.570
0.931
0.619
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.992
0.661
1.11
0.741
1.21
0.805
r y , in.
4.70
5.05
5.12
5.14
2.18
2.15
2.12
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-50
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W27-W24
W24
W27
Shape
c,v
b x 10
p 10
-1
335h
370
84
3
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.236 0.157
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.243 0.161
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.261 0.174
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.269 0.179
11
12
13
14
15
1.64
1.74
1.86
2.00
2.17
1.09
1.16
1.23
1.33
1.44
1.33
1.39
1.45
1.51
1.58
0.885
0.922
0.962
1.01
1.05
0.275
0.283
0.293
0.303
0.314
0.183
0.189
0.195
0.202
0.209
0.245
0.247
0.249
0.252
0.254
0.163
0.164
0.166
0.167
0.169
0.306
0.316
0.326
0.338
0.351
0.204
0.210
0.217
0.225
0.234
0.271
0.274
0.277
0.280
0.283
0.181
0.183
0.185
0.187
0.189
16
17
18
19
20
2.37
2.62
2.93
3.27
3.62
1.58
1.75
1.95
2.17
2.41
1.66
1.75
1.86
2.05
2.24
1.11
1.16
1.24
1.36
1.49
0.327
0.341
0.357
0.374
0.393
0.218
0.227
0.237
0.249
0.262
0.257
0.259
0.262
0.264
0.267
0.171
0.172
0.174
0.176
0.178
0.366
0.382
0.400
0.420
0.442
0.243
0.254
0.266
0.279
0.294
0.287
0.290
0.293
0.296
0.300
0.191
0.193
0.195
0.197
0.199
22
24
26
28
30
4.38
5.21
6.12
7.10
8.15
2.91
3.47
4.07
4.72
5.42
2.64
3.06
3.49
3.93
4.38
1.76
2.04
2.32
2.62
2.92
0.438
0.493
0.560
0.644
0.740
0.291
0.328
0.373
0.429
0.492
0.273
0.279
0.285
0.291
0.298
0.181
0.185
0.189
0.194
0.198
0.493
0.556
0.634
0.732
0.841
0.328
0.370
0.422
0.487
0.559
0.307
0.314
0.322
0.330
0.339
0.204
0.209
0.214
0.220
0.226
32
34
36
38
40
9.27
10.5
6.17
6.96
4.84
5.31
3.22
3.53
0.842
0.950
1.07
1.19
1.32
0.560
0.632
0.709
0.790
0.875
0.305
0.312
0.320
0.328
0.336
0.203
0.208
0.213
0.218
0.224
0.957
1.08
1.21
1.35
1.49
0.636
0.718
0.806
0.897
0.994
0.348
0.358
0.368
0.379
0.390
0.232
0.238
0.245
0.252
0.260
1.45
0.965 0.345
1.59
1.06
0.354
1.74
1.16
0.364
1.89
1.26
0.375
2.05
1.37
0.386
0.230
0.236
0.242
0.249
0.257
1.65
1.81
1.98
2.15
2.34
1.10
1.20
1.32
1.43
1.55
0.402
0.415
0.429
0.444
0.461
0.268
0.276
0.285
0.295
0.307
42
44
46
48
50
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.12
0.747
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.23
0.816
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
8.25
5.49
1.03
0.683
1.15
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.04
0.692
0.236
0.157
0.261
0.174
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.35
0.900
0.306
0.204
0.339
0.226
r y , in.
0.766
5.17
3.39
3.41
2.07
3.27
3.23
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-51
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W24
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.297 0.198
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.314 0.209
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.328 0.218
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.350 0.233
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.368 0.245
11
12
13
14
15
0.337
0.347
0.359
0.372
0.387
0.224
0.231
0.239
0.248
0.257
0.301
0.304
0.308
0.312
0.315
0.200
0.203
0.205
0.207
0.210
0.370
0.382
0.395
0.410
0.426
0.246
0.254
0.263
0.273
0.284
0.333
0.337
0.342
0.346
0.351
0.222
0.224
0.227
0.230
0.233
0.413
0.427
0.442
0.459
0.478
0.275
0.284
0.294
0.305
0.318
0.375
0.380
0.385
0.391
0.397
0.249
0.253
0.256
0.260
0.264
16
17
18
19
20
0.403
0.421
0.442
0.464
0.489
0.268
0.280
0.294
0.309
0.325
0.319
0.323
0.327
0.331
0.335
0.212
0.215
0.218
0.220
0.223
0.445
0.465
0.488
0.513
0.541
0.296
0.309
0.325
0.341
0.360
0.355
0.360
0.365
0.370
0.375
0.236
0.240
0.243
0.246
0.250
0.499
0.522
0.548
0.577
0.609
0.332
0.347
0.365
0.384
0.405
0.403
0.409
0.415
0.422
0.428
0.268
0.272
0.276
0.280
0.285
22
24
26
28
30
0.547
0.619
0.707
0.818
0.939
0.364
0.412
0.470
0.544
0.625
0.344
0.354
0.363
0.374
0.385
0.229
0.235
0.242
0.249
0.256
0.606
0.687
0.788
0.913
1.05
0.404
0.457
0.524
0.607
0.697
0.386
0.398
0.410
0.423
0.437
0.257
0.265
0.273
0.281
0.291
0.684
0.778
0.893
1.04
1.19
0.455
0.517
0.594
0.690
0.792
0.442
0.457
0.473
0.490
0.509
0.294
0.304
0.315
0.326
0.338
32
34
36
38
40
1.07
1.21
1.35
1.51
1.67
0.711
0.802
0.899
1.00
1.11
0.396
0.408
0.421
0.435
0.450
0.264
0.272
0.280
0.290
0.300
1.19
1.35
1.51
1.68
1.86
0.793
0.895
1.00
1.12
1.24
0.452
0.468
0.485
0.503
0.523
0.301
0.311
0.322
0.335
0.348
1.35
1.53
1.71
1.91
2.12
0.901
1.02
1.14
1.27
1.41
0.528
0.550
0.573
0.599
0.633
0.352
0.366
0.381
0.398
0.421
42
44
46
48
50
1.84
2.02
2.21
2.40
2.61
1.22
1.34
1.47
1.60
1.73
0.466 0.310 2.05

1.37
0.544
0.483 0.322 2.25
1.50
0.574
0.504 0.335 2.46
1.64
0.603
0.528 0.351 2.68
1.78
0.631
0.552 0.367 2.91
1.94
0.660
0.362
0.382
0.401
0.420
0.439
2.33
2.56
2.80
3.05
3.31
1.55
1.70
1.86
2.03
2.20
0.669
0.706
0.742
0.778
0.814
0.445
0.469
0.494
0.518
0.541
-1
250
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.286 0.191
Design

279h
306
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.28
0.852
1.42
0.945
1.60
1.07
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.286
0.191
0.314
0.209
0.350
0.233
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.372
0.248
0.407
0.271
0.454
r y , in.
h
W24
0.302
3.41
3.41
3.41
3.20
3.17
3.14

IV-52
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W24
W24
Shape
229
207
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.406 0.270
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.423 0.282
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.452 0.301
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.455 0.303
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.490 0.326
11
12
13
14
15
0.454
0.469
0.486
0.505
0.526
0.302
0.312
0.323
0.336
0.350
0.414
0.421
0.427
0.434
0.441
0.276
0.280
0.284
0.289
0.293
0.504
0.521
0.540
0.562
0.586
0.335
0.347
0.359
0.374
0.390
0.463
0.471
0.479
0.487
0.496
0.308
0.313
0.319
0.324
0.330
0.542
0.561
0.581
0.604
0.630
0.361
0.373
0.387
0.402
0.419
0.503
0.512
0.521
0.531
0.541
0.335
0.341
0.347
0.353
0.360
16
17
18
19
20
0.549
0.576
0.605
0.637
0.673
0.365
0.383
0.402
0.424
0.448
0.448
0.455
0.463
0.471
0.479
0.298
0.303
0.308
0.313
0.319
0.612
0.642
0.676
0.713
0.754
0.407
0.427
0.449
0.474
0.502
0.505
0.514
0.523
0.533
0.544
0.336
0.342
0.348
0.355
0.362
0.660
0.692
0.728
0.768
0.813
0.439
0.460
0.484
0.511
0.541
0.551
0.562
0.573
0.584
0.596
0.367
0.374
0.381
0.389
0.397
22
24
26
28
30
0.758
0.864
0.996
1.16
1.33
0.505
0.575
0.663
0.769
0.883
0.497
0.515
0.535
0.557
0.580
0.330
0.343
0.356
0.370
0.386
0.851
0.972
1.12
1.30
1.50
0.566
0.647
0.748
0.868
0.996
0.565
0.589
0.615
0.643
0.674
0.376
0.392
0.409
0.428
0.448
0.918
1.05
1.22
1.41
1.62
0.611
0.698
0.809
0.938
1.08
0.622
0.650
0.681
0.715
0.752
0.414
0.433
0.453
0.475
0.500
32
34
36
38
40
1.51
1.70
1.91
2.13
2.36
1.00
1.13
1.27
1.42
1.57
0.606
0.634
0.664
0.708
0.752
0.403
0.422
0.442
0.471
0.501
1.70
1.92
2.16
2.40
2.66
1.13
1.28
1.43
1.60
1.77
0.708
0.748
0.803
0.857
0.912
0.471
0.497
0.534
0.571
0.607
1.84
2.08
2.33
2.60
2.88
1.23
1.38
1.55
1.73
1.92
0.793
0.856
0.920
0.984
1.05
0.528
0.569
0.612
0.655
0.697
42
44
46
48
50
2.60
2.85
3.12
3.40
3.68
1.73
1.90
2.08
2.26
2.45
0.796 0.530 2.93

1.95
0.967
0.840 0.559 3.22
2.14
1.02
0.884 0.588 3.52
2.34
1.07
0.928 0.617 3.83
2.55
1.13
0.971 0.646 4.16
2.77
1.18
0.643
0.679
0.715
0.751
0.787
3.17
3.48
3.81
4.15
4.50
2.11
2.32
2.53
2.76
2.99
1.11
1.17
1.24
1.30
1.36
0.740
0.782
0.824
0.866
0.908
-1
192
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.382 0.254
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.78
1.18
2.00
1.33
2.18
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.382
0.254
0.423
0.282
0.455
0.303
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.496
0.331
0.549
0.366
0.590
0.393
r y , in.
1.45
3.44
3.44
3.42
3.11
3.08
3.07

IV-53
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W24
Shape
176
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.536 0.357
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.537 0.358
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.586 0.390
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.606 0.403
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.656 0.436
11
12
13
14
15
0.594
0.615
0.638
0.664
0.693
0.396
0.409
0.425
0.442
0.461
0.552
0.563
0.573
0.585
0.597
0.367
0.374
0.382
0.389
0.397
0.642
0.664
0.689
0.717
0.748
0.427
0.442
0.459
0.477
0.498
0.603
0.615
0.628
0.641
0.655
0.401
0.409
0.418
0.426
0.436
0.717
0.743
0.771
0.803
0.839
0.477
0.494
0.513
0.535
0.558
0.679
0.693
0.708
0.724
0.740
0.452
0.461
0.471
0.482
0.493
16
17
18
19
20
0.726
0.762
0.803
0.848
0.899
0.483
0.507
0.534
0.564
0.598
0.609
0.622
0.635
0.649
0.663
0.405
0.414
0.422
0.432
0.441
0.783
0.822
0.866
0.914
0.968
0.521
0.547
0.576
0.608
0.644
0.669
0.684
0.699
0.715
0.732
0.445
0.455
0.465
0.476
0.487
0.880
0.925
0.975
1.03
1.09
0.585
0.615
0.649
0.686
0.727
0.758
0.776
0.795
0.815
0.836
0.504
0.516
0.529
0.542
0.556
22
24
26
28
30
1.02
1.17
1.36
1.57
1.80
0.677
0.776
0.902
1.05
1.20
0.695
0.729
0.766
0.808
0.855
0.462
0.485
0.510
0.538
0.569
1.10
1.25
1.46
1.69
1.94
0.729
0.835
0.969
1.12
1.29
0.769
0.809
0.854
0.904
0.969
0.512
0.538
0.568
0.602
0.645
1.24
1.43
1.66
1.93
2.21
0.826
0.949
1.11
1.28
1.47
0.881
0.931
0.988
1.05
1.17
0.586
0.620
0.657
0.700
0.775
32
34
36
38
40
2.05
2.32
2.60
2.90
3.21
1.37
1.54
1.73
1.93
2.13
0.923
1.00
1.08
1.15
1.23
0.614
0.665
0.716
0.767
0.818
2.21
2.49
2.79
3.11
3.45
1.47
1.66
1.86
2.07
2.29
1.06
1.15
1.24
1.33
1.42
0.705
0.765
0.826
0.886
0.947
2.52
2.84
3.19
3.55
3.93
1.68
1.89
2.12
2.36
2.62
1.28
1.39
1.50
1.62
1.73
0.850
0.926
1.00
1.08
1.15
42
44
46
48
50
3.54
3.88
4.24
4.62
5.01
2.35
2.58
2.82
3.07
3.34
1.31
0.869 3.80
2.53
1.51
1.38
0.920 4.17
2.78
1.60
1.46
0.970 4.56
3.03
1.69
1.53
1.02
4.96
3.30
1.78
1.61
1.07
5.39
3.58
1.87
1.01
1.07
1.13
1.19
1.25
4.34
4.76
5.20
5.67
6.15
2.89
3.17
3.46
3.77
4.09
1.85
1.96
2.07
2.19
2.30
1.23
1.30
1.38
1.45
1.53
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.497 0.331
Design

146c
162
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
2.38
1.59
2.61
1.74
2.94
1.96
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.497
0.331
0.537
0.358
0.597
0.398
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.645
0.430
0.697
0.465
0.775
r y , in.
c
W24
0.517
3.45
3.41
3.42
3.04
3.05
3.01

IV-54
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W24
W24
Shape
117c
131
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.741 0.493
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.789 0.525
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.838 0.558
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.905 0.602
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.961 0.640
11
12
13
14
15
0.809
0.835
0.865
0.902
0.944
0.538
0.556
0.576
0.600
0.628
0.770
0.788
0.806
0.826
0.846
0.513
0.524
0.537
0.549
0.563
0.928
0.958
0.992
1.03
1.07
0.618
0.638
0.660
0.686
0.715
0.875
0.897
0.919
0.942
0.967
0.582
0.597
0.611
0.627
0.643
1.06
1.10
1.14
1.18
1.23
0.708
0.731
0.757
0.786
0.819
0.995
1.02
1.05
1.07
1.10
0.662
0.679
0.696
0.715
0.735
16
17
18
19
20
0.990
1.04
1.10
1.17
1.24
0.659
0.693
0.732
0.775
0.824
0.867
0.890
0.913
0.938
0.964
0.577
0.592
0.607
0.624
0.641
1.12
1.18
1.25
1.32
1.41
0.748
0.785
0.830
0.880
0.936
0.993
1.02
1.05
1.08
1.11
0.660
0.679
0.698
0.718
0.740
1.29
1.35
1.42
1.50
1.60
0.857
0.899
0.947
1.00
1.06
1.14
1.17
1.20
1.24
1.28
0.755
0.777
0.801
0.826
0.852
22
24
26
28
30
1.41
1.63
1.90
2.21
2.53
0.938
1.08
1.27
1.47
1.68
1.02
1.09
1.16
1.28
1.42
0.679
0.722
0.770
0.849
0.942
1.61
1.86
2.18
2.53
2.90
1.07
1.24
1.45
1.68
1.93
1.18
1.26
1.36
1.54
1.71
0.787
0.840
0.908
1.02
1.14
1.83
2.12
2.49
2.89
3.32
1.22
1.41
1.66
1.92
2.21
1.37
1.47
1.64
1.85
2.06
0.910
0.976
1.09
1.23
1.37
32
34
36
38
40
2.88
3.25
3.65
4.06
4.50
1.92
2.16
2.43
2.70
3.00
1.56
1.70
1.84
1.99
2.13
1.04
1.13
1.23
1.32
1.42
3.30
3.72
4.18
4.65
5.16
2.20
2.48
2.78
3.10
3.43
1.89
2.07
2.25
2.43
2.62
1.26
1.38
1.50
1.62
1.74
3.77
4.26
4.78
5.32
5.90
2.51
2.83
3.18
3.54
3.92
2.29
2.51
2.74
2.97
3.20
1.52
1.67
1.82
1.98
2.13
42
44
46
48
4.96
5.45
5.95
6.48
3.30
3.62
3.96
4.31
2.28
2.42
2.57
2.71
1.52
1.61
1.71
1.80
5.68
6.24
6.82
7.42
3.78
4.15
4.54
4.94
2.80
2.98
3.17
3.35
1.86
1.99
2.11
2.23
6.50
7.13
7.80
8.49
4.33
4.75
5.19
5.65
3.44
3.67
3.91
4.14
2.29
2.44
2.60
2.76
-1
104c,f
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.687 0.457
Design

Fy = 65 ksi

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
3.36
2.24
3.84
2.55
4.48
2.98
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.666
0.443
0.747
0.497
0.837
0.557
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.864
0.576
0.969
0.646
1.09
r y , in.
c
0.724
3.43
3.44
3.47
2.97
2.94
2.91

IV-55
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W24
Shape
94c
103
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
84c
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.903 0.601
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.979 0.651
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.01
0.670
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.08
0.718
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.16
0.773
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
1.22
0.814
11
12
13
14
15
1.29
1.39
1.52
1.67
1.85
0.860
0.928
1.01
1.11
1.23
1.16
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.36
0.769
0.799
0.831
0.866
0.904
1.43
1.54
1.67
1.84
2.03
0.954
1.03
1.11
1.22
1.35
1.28
1.34
1.39
1.45
1.52
0.854
0.888
0.926
0.967
1.01
1.65
1.78
1.93
2.11
2.34
1.10
1.18
1.28
1.41
1.56
1.48
1.54
1.61
1.69
1.77
0.982
1.02
1.07
1.12
1.18
16
17
18
19
20
2.05
2.31
2.59
2.88
3.19
1.37
1.54
1.72
1.92
2.12
1.42
1.49
1.57
1.68
1.82
0.946
0.991
1.04
1.12
1.21
2.27
2.55
2.86
3.18
3.53
1.51
1.70
1.90
2.12
2.35
1.59
1.67
1.76
1.93
2.10
1.06
1.11
1.17
1.29
1.39
2.61
2.95
3.30
3.68
4.08
1.74
1.96
2.20
2.45
2.71
1.86
1.96
2.14
2.33
2.54
1.24
1.31
1.42
1.55
1.69
22
24
26
28
30
3.86
4.60
5.40
6.26
7.19
2.57
3.06
3.59
4.16
4.78
2.09
2.37
2.65
2.94
3.22
1.39
1.58
1.77
1.95
2.14
4.27
5.08
5.96
6.92
7.94
2.84
3.38
3.97
4.60
5.28
2.43
2.76
3.10
3.44
3.79
1.61
1.84
2.06
2.29
2.52
4.94
5.88
6.90
8.00
9.18
3.28
3.91
4.59
5.32
6.11
2.95
3.37
3.80
4.24
4.67
1.96
2.24
2.53
2.82
3.11
32
8.18
5.44
3.50
2.33
9.03
6.01
4.13
2.75
6.95
5.11
3.40
Design

W24
10.4

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
6.60
4.39
7.31
4.86
8.41
5.59
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.848
0.564
0.928
0.617
1.04
0.692
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.10
0.733
1.20
0.802
1.35
r y , in.
0.900
5.03
4.98
5.02
1.99
1.98
1.95


IV-56
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W24
W24
Shape
c,v
68c,v
76
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
62c,v
3
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.31
0.872
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.37
0.912
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.50
0.996
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.55
1.03
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.67
1.11
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
1.79
1.19
6
7
8
9
10
1.45
1.50
1.57
1.65
1.75
0.963
1.00
1.04
1.10
1.16
1.37
1.42
1.48
1.54
1.60
0.913
0.947
0.984
1.02
1.07
1.66
1.72
1.80
1.90
2.01
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.26
1.34
1.56
1.62
1.69
1.76
1.84
1.04
1.08
1.12
1.17
1.22
2.01
2.16
2.35
2.60
2.93
1.34
1.43
1.56
1.73
1.95
1.96
2.07
2.19
2.33
2.50
1.30
1.38
1.46
1.55
1.66
11
12
13
14
15
1.87
2.01
2.18
2.39
2.65
1.24
1.34
1.45
1.59
1.76
1.67
1.75
1.83
1.92
2.02
1.11
1.16
1.22
1.28
1.35
2.15
2.32
2.53
2.78
3.09
1.43
1.54
1.68
1.85
2.06
1.92
2.02
2.12
2.24
2.37
1.28
1.34
1.41
1.49
1.57
3.37
3.98
4.67
5.42
6.22
2.25
2.65
3.11
3.60
4.14
2.68
2.89
3.25
3.69
4.15
1.78
1.93
2.16
2.46
2.76
16
17
18
19
20
2.97
3.35
3.76
4.19
4.64
1.98
2.23
2.50
2.79
3.09
2.14
2.30
2.53
2.77
3.02
1.42
1.53
1.68
1.85
2.01
3.49
3.94
4.42
4.92
5.45
2.32
2.62
2.94
3.27
3.63
2.51
2.76
3.05
3.35
3.66
1.67
1.84
2.03
2.23
2.43
7.08
7.99
8.96
9.98
11.1
4.71
5.31
5.96
6.64
7.36
4.62
5.11
5.60
6.10
6.61
3.08
3.40
3.72
4.06
4.40
22
24
26
28
30
5.62
6.68
7.84
9.10
10.4
3.74
4.45
5.22
6.05
6.95
3.53
4.05
4.58
5.12
5.66
2.35
2.69
3.05
3.41
3.77
6.60
7.85
9.21
10.7
12.3
4.39
5.22
6.13
7.11
8.16
4.29
4.94
5.61
6.30
6.99
2.85
3.29
3.74
4.19
4.65
13.4
8.90
7.64
5.08
32
11.9
7.90
6.21
4.13
Design

Fy = 65 ksi

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
9.58
6.38
11.20
7.44
17.50
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.15
0.763
1.28
0.850
1.41
0.939
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.49
0.992
1.66
1.11
1.83
1.22
r y , in.
11.60
5.05
5.11
6.69
1.92
1.87
1.38
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-57
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W21
W24
Shape
c,v
201
55
b x 10
p 10
b x 10
p 10
b x 103
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.433 0.288
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.517 0.344
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.479 0.319
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.576 0.383
6
7
8
9
10
2.35
2.52
2.75
3.06
3.46
1.56
1.68
1.83
2.03
2.30
2.26
2.40
2.55
2.73
2.93
1.50
1.59
1.70
1.81
1.95
0.457
0.466
0.477
0.489
0.503
0.304
0.310
0.317
0.326
0.335
0.517
0.517
0.517
0.517
0.522
0.344
0.344
0.344
0.344
0.347
0.506
0.516
0.528
0.542
0.558
0.337
0.344
0.352
0.361
0.371
0.576
0.576
0.576
0.576
0.582
0.383
0.383
0.383
0.383
0.387
11
12
13
14
15
4.00
4.74
5.57
6.46
7.41
2.66
3.16
3.70
4.29
4.93
3.16
3.43
3.96
4.51
5.08
2.10
2.28
2.63
3.00
3.38
0.520
0.538
0.558
0.581
0.607
0.346
0.358
0.371
0.387
0.404
0.530
0.537
0.545
0.554
0.562
0.352
0.358
0.363
0.368
0.374
0.576
0.597
0.620
0.646
0.675
0.383
0.397
0.412
0.430
0.449
0.591
0.601
0.611
0.621
0.632
0.394
0.400
0.406
0.413
0.420
16
17
18
19
20
8.43
9.52
10.7
11.9
13.2
5.61
6.33
7.10
7.91
8.77
5.68
6.29
6.91
7.55
8.20
3.78
4.18
4.60
5.02
5.46
0.636
0.669
0.705
0.745
0.790
0.423
0.445
0.469
0.496
0.525
0.571
0.581
0.590
0.600
0.610
0.380
0.386
0.393
0.399
0.406
0.707
0.744
0.785
0.830
0.881
0.471
0.495
0.522
0.552
0.586
0.643
0.654
0.666
0.678
0.691
0.428
0.435
0.443
0.451
0.459
22
24
26
28
30
15.9
9.52
6.34
0.896
1.03
1.20
1.39
1.59
0.596
0.684
0.797
0.924
1.06
0.631
0.654
0.679
0.705
0.734
0.420
0.435
0.452
0.469
0.488
1.00
1.15
1.34
1.56
1.79
0.666
0.766
0.893
1.04
1.19
0.717
0.746
0.777
0.811
0.849
0.477
0.496
0.517
0.540
0.565
1.81
1.21
0.765
2.05
1.36
0.799
2.30
1.53
0.836
2.56
1.70
0.885
2.83
1.89
0.939
0.509
0.531
0.556
0.589
0.625
2.03
2.30
2.57
2.87
3.18
1.35
1.53
1.71
1.91
2.11
0.889
0.934
1.00
1.07
1.13
0.592
0.622
0.666
0.710
0.754
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
2.06
1.37
2.30
1.53
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.59
1.06
0.433
0.288
0.479
0.319
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.06
1.37
0.562
0.375
0.622
r y , in.
20.6
13.7
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.05
1.36
32
34
36
38
40
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.95
1.30
10.6
-1
182
3
-1
Design

W24-W21
0.415
6.80
3.14
3.13
1.34
3.02
3.00
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-58
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W21
W21
Shape
166
147
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.634 0.422
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.595 0.396
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.735 0.489
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.662 0.441
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.823 0.548
6
7
8
9
10
0.556
0.567
0.581
0.596
0.614
0.370
0.378
0.386
0.397
0.408
0.634
0.634
0.634
0.634
0.642
0.422
0.422
0.422
0.422
0.427
0.629
0.642
0.658
0.676
0.696
0.419
0.427
0.438
0.449
0.463
0.735
0.735
0.735
0.735
0.747
0.489
0.489
0.489
0.489
0.497
0.701
0.716
0.733
0.753
0.777
0.467
0.476
0.488
0.501
0.517
0.823
0.823
0.823
0.823
0.838
0.548
0.548
0.548
0.548
0.558
11
12
13
14
15
0.634
0.656
0.682
0.711
0.743
0.422
0.437
0.454
0.473
0.494
0.653
0.665
0.677
0.689
0.702
0.435
0.442
0.450
0.458
0.467
0.719
0.746
0.776
0.809
0.847
0.479
0.496
0.516
0.539
0.564
0.761
0.776
0.792
0.808
0.825
0.506
0.516
0.527
0.537
0.549
0.803
0.833
0.867
0.905
0.948
0.534
0.554
0.577
0.602
0.631
0.856
0.874
0.892
0.912
0.933
0.569
0.581
0.594
0.607
0.621
16
17
18
19
20
0.779
0.819
0.865
0.915
0.971
0.518
0.545
0.575
0.609
0.646
0.715
0.729
0.743
0.758
0.774
0.476
0.485
0.494
0.504
0.515
0.890
0.937
0.990
1.05
1.12
0.592
0.623
0.659
0.698
0.742
0.842
0.861
0.880
0.900
0.921
0.560
0.573
0.585
0.599
0.613
0.996
1.05
1.11
1.18
1.25
0.663
0.698
0.739
0.783
0.834
0.954
0.977
1.00
1.02
1.05
0.635
0.650
0.665
0.682
0.699
22
24
26
28
30
1.10
1.27
1.48
1.72
1.98
0.735
0.846
0.988
1.15
1.31
0.806
0.842
0.882
0.925
0.972
0.537
0.560
0.587
0.615
0.647
1.27
1.47
1.72
2.00
2.29
0.847
0.979
1.15
1.33
1.53
0.966
1.02
1.07
1.13
1.21
0.643
0.676
0.712
0.753
0.803
1.43
1.66
1.94
2.25
2.59
0.953
1.10
1.29
1.50
1.72
1.11
1.17
1.24
1.32
1.45
0.737
0.778
0.825
0.877
0.962
32
34
36
38
40
2.25
2.54
2.85
3.17
3.51
1.50
1.69
1.89
2.11
2.34
1.02
0.682 2.61
1.74
1.31
1.10
0.735 2.95
1.96
1.42
1.18
0.788 3.30
2.20
1.53
1.26
0.842 3.68
2.45
1.64
1.34
0.895 4.08
2.71
1.75
0.875
0.947
1.02
1.09
1.16
2.95
3.32
3.73
4.15
4.60
1.96
2.21
2.48
2.76
3.06
1.58
1.71
1.85
1.98
2.12
1.05
1.14
1.23
1.32
1.41
-1
132
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.526 0.350
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
2.54
1.69
2.96
1.97
3.33
2.22
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.526
0.350
0.595
0.396
0.662
0.441
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.683
0.455
0.772
0.514
0.859
r y , in.
0.573
3.13
3.11
3.11
2.99
2.95
2.93

IV-59
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W21
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.893 0.594
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.804 0.535
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.982 0.654
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.898 0.597
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
1.08
0.721
6
7
8
9
10
0.758
0.774
0.793
0.815
0.840
0.504
0.515
0.528
0.542
0.559
0.893
0.893
0.893
0.893
0.911
0.594
0.594
0.594
0.594
0.606
0.846
0.862
0.881
0.903
0.927
0.563
0.574
0.586
0.601
0.617
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.983
1.00
0.654
0.654
0.654
0.654
0.668
0.944
0.962
0.983
1.01
1.03
0.628
0.640
0.654
0.670
0.689
1.08
1.08
1.08
1.08
1.11
0.721
0.721
0.721
0.722
0.738
11
12
13
14
15
0.869
0.902
0.939
0.980
1.03
0.578
0.600
0.625
0.652
0.683
0.930
0.951
0.973
0.995
1.02
0.619
0.633
0.647
0.662
0.678
0.960
0.996
1.04
1.08
1.14
0.638
0.663
0.690
0.721
0.756
1.03
1.05
1.08
1.10
1.13
0.684
0.700
0.716
0.734
0.752
1.07
1.10
1.15
1.19
1.25
0.710
0.734
0.762
0.794
0.829
1.14
1.16
1.19
1.22
1.25
0.756
0.774
0.793
0.814
0.835
16
17
18
19
20
1.08
1.14
1.20
1.28
1.36
0.718
0.757
0.801
0.850
0.905
1.04
1.07
1.10
1.13
1.16
0.694
0.712
0.730
0.749
0.769
1.20
1.26
1.34
1.42
1.51
0.795
0.839
0.888
0.944
1.01
1.16
1.19
1.22
1.26
1.29
0.772
0.792
0.813
0.836
0.860
1.31
1.38
1.47
1.56
1.66
0.873
0.921
0.976
1.04
1.10
1.29
1.32
1.36
1.40
1.44
0.857
0.881
0.906
0.933
0.961
22
24
26
28
30
1.56
1.80
2.12
2.45
2.82
1.04
1.20
1.41
1.63
1.87
1.22
1.30
1.38
1.50
1.65
0.813
0.862
0.917
0.996
1.10
1.73
2.01
2.36
2.74
3.14
1.15
1.34
1.57
1.82
2.09
1.37
1.46
1.56
1.74
1.93
0.912
0.972
1.04
1.16
1.28
1.91
2.22
2.60
3.02
3.46
1.27
1.48
1.73
2.01
2.30
1.54
1.64
1.80
2.01
2.24
1.02
1.09
1.19
1.34
1.49
32
34
36
38
40
3.20
3.62
4.06
4.52
5.01
2.13
2.41
2.70
3.01
3.33
1.81
1.20
3.58
2.38
2.12
1.97
1.31
4.04
2.69
2.31
2.12
1.41
4.53
3.01
2.50
2.28
1.52
5.05
3.36
2.69
2.44
1.62
5.59
3.72
2.88
1.41
1.53
1.66
1.79
1.91
3.94
4.45
4.99
5.56
6.16
2.62
2.96
3.32
3.70
4.10
2.46
2.69
2.92
3.14
3.37
1.64
1.79
1.94
2.09
2.24
-1
101c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.716 0.476
Design

111c
122
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
3.63
2.41
4.02
2.67
4.44
2.96
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.716
0.476
0.788
0.524
0.862
0.574
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.929
0.619
1.02
0.682
1.12
r y , in.
c
W21
0.746
3.11
3.12
3.12
2.92
2.90
2.89

IV-60
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W21
W21
Shape
83c
93
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
73c
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.950 0.632
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.24
0.825
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.10
0.731
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.40
0.930
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.29
0.859
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
1.59
1.06
6
7
8
9
10
1.09
1.15
1.22
1.31
1.41
0.724
0.763
0.811
0.869
0.938
1.25
1.29
1.34
1.39
1.44
0.833
0.861
0.891
0.924
0.959
1.24
1.30
1.37
1.47
1.58
0.827
0.866
0.914
0.976
1.05
1.41
1.47
1.52
1.58
1.64
0.941
0.975
1.01
1.05
1.09
1.46
1.52
1.61
1.71
1.84
0.970
1.01
1.07
1.14
1.22
1.62
1.68
1.74
1.82
1.89
1.08
1.12
1.16
1.21
1.26
11
12
13
14
15
1.53
1.68
1.86
2.08
2.34
1.02
1.12
1.24
1.38
1.56
1.50
1.56
1.62
1.70
1.77
0.996
1.04
1.08
1.13
1.18
1.73
1.90
2.10
2.35
2.64
1.15
1.26
1.40
1.56
1.76
1.71
1.79
1.87
1.96
2.06
1.14
1.19
1.24
1.30
1.37
1.99
2.18
2.42
2.71
3.06
1.32
1.45
1.61
1.80
2.04
1.98
2.07
2.17
2.28
2.41
1.32
1.38
1.45
1.52
1.60
16
17
18
19
20
2.65
3.00
3.36
3.74
4.15
1.77
1.99
2.23
2.49
2.76
1.86
1.96
2.08
2.25
2.42
1.24
1.30
1.38
1.50
1.61
3.00
3.39
3.80
4.23
4.69
2.00
2.25
2.53
2.82
3.12
2.17
2.29
2.51
2.72
2.94
1.44
1.52
1.67
1.81
1.96
3.48
3.93
4.41
4.91
5.44
2.32
2.62
2.93
3.27
3.62
2.55
2.78
3.04
3.31
3.58
1.70
1.85
2.02
2.20
2.38
22
24
26
28
30
5.02
5.97
7.01
8.13
9.33
3.34
3.97
4.66
5.41
6.21
2.77
3.12
3.46
3.81
4.16
1.84
2.07
2.30
2.54
2.77
5.67
6.75
7.93
9.19
10.6
3.78
4.49
5.27
6.12
7.02
3.37
3.81
4.25
4.69
5.13
2.24
2.53
2.83
3.12
3.41
6.58
7.83
9.19
10.7
12.2
4.38
5.21
6.12
7.09
8.14
4.13
4.68
5.24
5.81
6.37
2.75
3.12
3.49
3.86
4.24
Design

Fy = 65 ksi

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
7.90
5.25
8.99
5.98
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.941
0.626
1.05
0.701
1.19
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.22
0.814
1.37
0.911
1.55
r y , in.
10.3
6.85
0.795
1.03
4.73
4.74
4.77
1.84
1.83
1.81


IV-61
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W21
Shape
62c
68
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
57c
3
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.41
0.939
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.71
1.14
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.58
1.05
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.90
1.27
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.74
1.16
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
2.12
1.41
6
7
8
9
10
1.59
1.66
1.75
1.87
2.00
1.06
1.11
1.17
1.24
1.33
1.74
1.81
1.88
1.97
2.05
1.16
1.20
1.25
1.31
1.37
1.78
1.86
1.96
2.09
2.24
1.18
1.24
1.31
1.39
1.49
1.94
2.02
2.11
2.20
2.30
1.29
1.34
1.40
1.46
1.53
2.14
2.32
2.55
2.86
3.27
1.43
1.54
1.70
1.90
2.17
2.34
2.47
2.62
2.79
2.99
1.55
1.64
1.74
1.86
1.99
11
12
13
14
15
2.17
2.37
2.62
2.94
3.33
1.44
1.58
1.75
1.96
2.21
2.15
2.26
2.37
2.50
2.65
1.43
1.50
1.58
1.67
1.76
2.43
2.66
2.95
3.31
3.76
1.62
1.77
1.96
2.20
2.50
2.41
2.53
2.67
2.82
2.99
1.60
1.69
1.78
1.88
1.99
3.82
4.53
5.32
6.17
7.08
2.54
3.02
3.54
4.10
4.71
3.21
3.47
3.92
4.42
4.94
2.14
2.31
2.61
2.94
3.29
16
17
18
19
20
3.78
4.27
4.79
5.34
5.91
2.52
2.84
3.19
3.55
3.93
2.82
3.11
3.42
3.72
4.03
1.88
2.07
2.27
2.48
2.68
4.28
4.83
5.41
6.03
6.68
2.85
3.21
3.60
4.01
4.45
3.26
3.61
3.97
4.33
4.70
2.17
2.40
2.64
2.88
3.13
8.06
9.10
10.2
11.4
12.6
5.36
6.05
6.79
7.56
8.38
5.47
6.01
6.55
7.10
7.65
3.64
4.00
4.36
4.72
5.09
22
24
26
28
30
7.16
8.52
9.99
11.6
13.3
4.76
5.67
6.65
7.71
8.85
4.66
5.31
5.95
6.60
7.26
3.10
3.53
3.96
4.39
4.83
8.09
9.63
11.3
13.1
5.38
6.40
7.52
8.72
5.46
6.24
7.02
7.81
3.63
4.15
4.67
5.20
15.2
8.76
5.83
Design

W21
10.1

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
11.2
7.47
12.6
8.40
18.5
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.28
0.855
1.40
0.934
1.54
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.67
1.11
1.82
1.21
2.00
r y , in.
12.3
1.02
1.33
4.78
4.82
6.19
1.80
1.77
1.35


IV-62
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W21
W21
Shape
c,v
50c,v
55
b x 10
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.83
1.22
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.18
1.45
6
7
8
9
10
2.07
2.16
2.28
2.43
2.61
1.37
1.44
1.52
1.62
1.74
2.23
2.33
2.44
2.55
2.68
11
12
13
14
15
2.84
3.11
3.46
3.89
4.45
1.89
2.07
2.30
2.59
2.96
16
17
18
19
20
5.06
5.71
6.40
7.13
7.90
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
-1
48c,f,v
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.04
1.36
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.49
1.66
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.17
1.44
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
2.68
1.78
1.49
1.55
1.62
1.70
1.78
2.53
2.75
3.04
3.42
3.94
1.68
1.83
2.02
2.28
2.62
2.78
2.95
3.14
3.36
3.61
1.85
1.96
2.09
2.23
2.40
2.46
2.58
2.73
2.92
3.15
1.64
1.72
1.82
1.94
2.10
2.68
2.78
2.92
3.07
3.23
1.78
1.85
1.94
2.04
2.15
2.82
2.98
3.16
3.36
3.59
1.88
1.98
2.10
2.23
2.39
4.67
5.55
6.52
7.56
8.68
3.10
3.69
4.34
5.03
5.77
3.91
4.36
5.00
5.67
6.36
2.60
2.90
3.33
3.77
4.23
3.44
3.80
4.25
4.83
5.55
2.29
2.52
2.83
3.22
3.69
3.42
3.62
3.86
4.12
4.60
2.27
2.41
2.57
2.74
3.06
3.37
3.80
4.26
4.75
5.26
4.02
4.46
4.92
5.38
5.86
2.67
2.97
3.27
3.58
3.90
9.87
11.1
12.5
13.9
15.4
6.57
7.42
8.31
9.26
10.3
7.06
7.78
8.51
9.24
9.99
4.70
5.17
5.66
6.15
6.65
6.31
7.13
7.99
8.90
9.86
4.20
4.74
5.32
5.92
6.56
5.16
5.75
6.35
6.97
7.60
3.44
3.82
4.22
4.63
5.06
8.71
9.56
10.5
11.4
12.3
5.80
6.36
6.95
7.57
8.22
6.34
6.84
7.34
7.84
8.35
4.22
4.55
4.88
5.22
5.56
17.0
11.3
10.7
7.15
10.9
11.9
13.0
14.2
15.4
7.23
7.94
8.68
9.45
10.3
8.25
8.91
9.58
10.3
10.9
5.49
5.93
6.37
6.82
7.28
13.4
14.4
15.5
8.89
9.58
10.3
8.87
9.38
9.90
5.90
6.24
6.59
16.7
18.0
11.1
12.0
11.6
12.3
7.75
8.22

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
14.9
9.91
22.5
14.9
19.6
13.0
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.59
1.06
1.75
1.16
1.82
1.21
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.06
1.37
2.27
1.51
2.36
1.58
r y , in.
4.86
6.29
4.96
1.73
1.30
1.66
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-63
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
c,v
b x 10
p 10
283h
311
44
3
-1
b x 10
p 10
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.87
1.91
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.280 0.187
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.363 0.242
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.308 0.205
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.405 0.270
6
7
8
9
10
2.97
3.24
3.59
4.06
4.71
1.98
2.15
2.39
2.70
3.13
3.25
3.46
3.71
3.99
4.32
2.16
2.30
2.47
2.66
2.88
0.297
0.303
0.310
0.319
0.328
0.197
0.202
0.206
0.212
0.218
0.363
0.363
0.363
0.363
0.366
0.242
0.242
0.242
0.242
0.243
0.327
0.334
0.342
0.352
0.363
0.218
0.222
0.228
0.234
0.241
0.405
0.405
0.405
0.405
0.409
0.270
0.270
0.270
0.270
0.272
11
12
13
14
15
5.62
6.68
7.84
9.10
10.4
3.74
4.45
5.22
6.05
6.95
4.71
5.43
6.25
7.11
7.99
3.13
3.61
4.16
4.73
5.32
0.339
0.352
0.366
0.382
0.400
0.226
0.234
0.243
0.254
0.266
0.369
0.372
0.375
0.378
0.381
0.245
0.247
0.249
0.251
0.254
0.375
0.389
0.405
0.423
0.444
0.250
0.259
0.270
0.282
0.295
0.412
0.416
0.420
0.424
0.428
0.274
0.277
0.279
0.282
0.284
16
17
18
19
20
11.9
13.4
15.0
16.8
18.6
7.91
8.93
10.0
11.1
12.4
8.90
9.83
10.8
11.8
12.7
5.92
6.54
7.18
7.82
8.47
0.420
0.442
0.467
0.495
0.526
0.279
0.294
0.311
0.329
0.350
0.384
0.387
0.391
0.394
0.397
0.256
0.258
0.260
0.262
0.264
0.467
0.492
0.521
0.553
0.589
0.310
0.327
0.346
0.368
0.392
0.431
0.435
0.440
0.444
0.448
0.287
0.290
0.292
0.295
0.298
0.601
0.694
0.812
0.942
1.08
0.400
0.462
0.541
0.627
0.720
0.404
0.412
0.419
0.427
0.435
0.269
0.274
0.279
0.284
0.289
0.674
0.783
0.918
1.06
1.22
0.449
0.521
0.611
0.708
0.813
0.457
0.466
0.475
0.485
0.495
0.304
0.310
0.316
0.323
0.330
1.23
0.819 0.443
1.39
0.924 0.452
1.56
1.04
0.461
1.74
1.15
0.470
1.92
1.28
0.480
0.295
0.301
0.307
0.313
0.319
1.39
1.57
1.76
1.96
2.17
0.925
1.04
1.17
1.30
1.45
0.506
0.517
0.529
0.541
0.554
0.337
0.344
0.352
0.360
0.368
32
34
36
38
40
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
26.9
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.98
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.56
17.9
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.39
1.59
22
24
26
28
30
-1
-1
Design

W18
W21
Shape
r y , in.
W21-W18
1.32
0.881
1.48
0.986
1.31
0.280
0.187
0.308
0.205
1.71
0.364
0.243
0.400
0.267
6.40
2.96
2.96
1.26
2.95
2.91
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-64
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W18
W18
Shape
Design

234h
258
211
p 10
b x 10
p 10
b x 103
p 103
b x 103
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD
0.338
LRFD
0.225
ASD
0.449
LRFD
0.298
ASD
0.375
LRFD
0.249
ASD
0.499
LRFD
0.332
ASD
0.412
LRFD
0.274
ASD
0.559
LRFD
0.372
6
7
8
9
10
0.359
0.367
0.376
0.386
0.399
0.239
0.244
0.250
0.257
0.265
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.453
0.298
0.298
0.298
0.299
0.302
0.398
0.407
0.417
0.429
0.443
0.265
0.271
0.278
0.286
0.295
0.499
0.499
0.499
0.500
0.505
0.332
0.332
0.332
0.333
0.336
0.439
0.449
0.460
0.474
0.490
0.292
0.299
0.306
0.315
0.326
0.559
0.559
0.559
0.561
0.568
0.372
0.372
0.372
0.373
0.378
11
12
13
14
15
0.413
0.429
0.447
0.467
0.490
0.275
0.285
0.297
0.311
0.326
0.458
0.462
0.467
0.471
0.476
0.304
0.307
0.310
0.314
0.317
0.459
0.477
0.498
0.521
0.547
0.306
0.318
0.331
0.347
0.364
0.511
0.516
0.522
0.528
0.534
0.340
0.343
0.347
0.351
0.355
0.508
0.528
0.552
0.578
0.607
0.338
0.352
0.367
0.384
0.404
0.574
0.581
0.588
0.596
0.603
0.382
0.387
0.391
0.396
0.401
16
17
18
19
20
0.516
0.545
0.577
0.613
0.654
0.343
0.362
0.384
0.408
0.435
0.481
0.486
0.491
0.496
0.501
0.320
0.323
0.327
0.330
0.334
0.577
0.610
0.647
0.688
0.735
0.384
0.406
0.430
0.458
0.489
0.540
0.546
0.552
0.558
0.565
0.359
0.363
0.367
0.372
0.376
0.641
0.678
0.720
0.768
0.821
0.426
0.451
0.479
0.511
0.546
0.611
0.618
0.626
0.635
0.643
0.406
0.411
0.417
0.422
0.428
22
24
26
28
30
0.751
0.875
1.03
1.19
1.37
0.500
0.582
0.684
0.793
0.910
0.512
0.524
0.536
0.548
0.561
0.341
0.348
0.356
0.365
0.373
0.847
0.990
1.16
1.35
1.55
0.563
0.659
0.773
0.897
1.03
0.579
0.593
0.608
0.624
0.641
0.385
0.395
0.405
0.415
0.426
0.949
1.11
1.31
1.52
1.74
0.631
0.741
0.870
1.01
1.16
0.661
0.679
0.699
0.720
0.742
0.440
0.452
0.465
0.479
0.494
32
34
36
38
40
1.56
1.76
1.97
2.19
2.43
1.04
1.17
1.31
1.46
1.62
0.575 0.382 1.76

1.17
0.658
0.589 0.392 1.99
1.32
0.677
0.604 0.402 2.23
1.48
0.697
0.620 0.413 2.48
1.65
0.718
0.637 0.424 2.75
1.83
0.740
0.438
0.451
0.464
0.478
0.492
1.98
2.24
2.51
2.79
3.09
1.32
1.49
1.67
1.86
2.06
0.766
0.791
0.817
0.846
0.877
0.509
0.526
0.544
0.563
0.583
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.65
1.10
1.84
1.22
2.08
1.38
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.338
0.225
0.375
0.249
0.412
0.274
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.439
0.292
0.486
0.324
0.535
r y , in.
h
Fy = 65 ksi
0.357
2.96
2.96
2.96
2.88
2.85
2.82

IV-65
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W18
Shape
192
175
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.620 0.413
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.500 0.333
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.689 0.458
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.555 0.369
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.770 0.512
6
7
8
9
10
0.487
0.498
0.512
0.527
0.545
0.324
0.332
0.340
0.351
0.363
0.620
0.620
0.620
0.623
0.631
0.413
0.413
0.413
0.414
0.420
0.533
0.546
0.561
0.578
0.598
0.355
0.363
0.373
0.385
0.398
0.689
0.689
0.689
0.693
0.703
0.458
0.458
0.458
0.461
0.468
0.593
0.607
0.624
0.643
0.666
0.394
0.404
0.415
0.428
0.443
0.770
0.770
0.770
0.776
0.788
0.512
0.512
0.512
0.516
0.524
11
12
13
14
15
0.566
0.589
0.615
0.645
0.679
0.376
0.392
0.409
0.429
0.452
0.639
0.648
0.656
0.665
0.675
0.425
0.431
0.437
0.443
0.449
0.621
0.647
0.677
0.711
0.749
0.413
0.431
0.451
0.473
0.498
0.713
0.723
0.734
0.745
0.757
0.474
0.481
0.488
0.496
0.503
0.692
0.722
0.755
0.793
0.836
0.460
0.480
0.502
0.528
0.556
0.801
0.814
0.827
0.841
0.855
0.533
0.541
0.550
0.560
0.569
16
17
18
19
20
0.717
0.760
0.808
0.862
0.924
0.477
0.506
0.538
0.574
0.615
0.684
0.694
0.704
0.714
0.725
0.455
0.462
0.468
0.475
0.482
0.792
0.840
0.895
0.956
1.03
0.527
0.559
0.595
0.636
0.682
0.768
0.780
0.793
0.806
0.819
0.511
0.519
0.528
0.536
0.545
0.885
0.940
1.00
1.07
1.15
0.589
0.625
0.667
0.713
0.766
0.870
0.886
0.902
0.918
0.935
0.579
0.589
0.600
0.611
0.622
22
24
26
28
30
1.07
1.26
1.48
1.72
1.97
0.712
0.839
0.985
1.14
1.31
0.747
0.771
0.796
0.823
0.852
0.497
0.513
0.530
0.548
0.567
1.19
1.41
1.65
1.92
2.20
0.794
0.938
1.10
1.28
1.47
0.847
0.877
0.910
0.945
0.982
0.564
0.584
0.605
0.628
0.653
1.34
1.59
1.86
2.16
2.48
0.892
1.06
1.24
1.44
1.65
0.971
1.01
1.05
1.10
1.15
0.646
0.672
0.701
0.731
0.765
32
34
36
38
40
2.24
2.53
2.84
3.16
3.50
1.49
1.68
1.89
2.10
2.33
0.883 0.587 2.51

1.67
1.02
0.916 0.609 2.83
1.88
1.07
0.952 0.633 3.17
2.11
1.11
0.990 0.659 3.53
2.35
1.18
1.03
0.688 3.91
2.60
1.25
0.680
0.710
0.742
0.784
0.830
2.82
3.19
3.57
3.98
4.41
1.88
2.12
2.38
2.65
2.93
1.21
1.27
1.35
1.44
1.52
0.802
0.843
0.900
0.957
1.01
-1
158
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.457 0.304
Design

W18
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
2.30
1.53
2.59
1.72
2.89
1.92
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.457
0.304
0.500
0.333
0.555
0.369
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.593
0.395
0.649
0.432
0.720
r y , in.
0.480
2.97
2.97
2.96
2.79
2.76
2.74

IV-66
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W18
W18
Shape
143
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
130
119
p 103
b x 103
p 103
b x 103
p 103
b x 103
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD
0.612
LRFD
0.407
ASD
0.851
LRFD
0.566
ASD
0.671
LRFD
0.446
ASD
0.945
LRFD
0.629
ASD
0.732
LRFD
0.487
ASD
1.05
LRFD
0.696
6
7
8
9
10
0.654
0.670
0.689
0.711
0.736
0.435
0.446
0.458
0.473
0.490
0.851
0.851
0.851
0.859
0.874
0.566
0.566
0.566
0.572
0.582
0.718
0.735
0.756
0.781
0.809
0.478
0.489
0.503
0.520
0.539
0.945
0.945
0.945
0.956
0.974
0.629
0.629
0.629
0.636
0.648
0.784
0.803
0.826
0.853
0.884
0.521
0.534
0.550
0.568
0.588
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.08
0.696
0.696
0.696
0.705
0.719
11
12
13
14
15
0.765
0.798
0.836
0.879
0.928
0.509
0.531
0.556
0.585
0.617
0.889
0.905
0.921
0.938
0.956
0.592
0.602
0.613
0.624
0.636
0.842
0.879
0.921
0.969
1.02
0.560
0.585
0.613
0.645
0.681
0.992
1.01
1.03
1.05
1.07
0.660
0.673
0.686
0.700
0.714
0.920
0.961
1.01
1.06
1.12
0.612
0.639
0.670
0.706
0.745
1.10
1.13
1.15
1.18
1.20
0.734
0.750
0.766
0.783
0.800
16
17
18
19
20
0.982
1.04
1.11
1.19
1.28
0.654
0.695
0.741
0.794
0.853
0.974
0.993
1.01
1.03
1.05
0.648
0.661
0.674
0.688
0.702
1.08
1.15
1.23
1.32
1.42
0.722
0.768
0.820
0.879
0.946
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.17
1.20
0.729
0.745
0.761
0.778
0.796
1.19
1.26
1.35
1.45
1.56
0.790
0.841
0.899
0.964
1.04
1.23
1.26
1.29
1.32
1.36
0.819
0.838
0.858
0.880
0.902
22
24
26
28
30
1.50
1.78
2.08
2.42
2.77
0.996
1.18
1.39
1.61
1.85
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.26
1.33
0.732
0.765
0.801
0.841
0.885
1.66
1.98
2.32
2.69
3.09
1.11
1.31
1.54
1.79
2.05
1.25
1.32
1.39
1.47
1.56
0.834
0.877
0.923
0.975
1.04
1.83
2.17
2.55
2.96
3.39
1.22
1.45
1.70
1.97
2.26
1.43
1.51
1.60
1.71
1.87
0.950
1.00
1.06
1.14
1.24
32
34
36
38
40
3.16
3.56
4.00
4.45
4.93
2.10
2.37
2.66
2.96
3.28
1.41
0.938 3.51
2.34
1.69
1.51
1.01
3.97
2.64
1.82
1.62
1.08
4.45
2.96
1.95
1.72
1.15
4.95
3.30
2.08
1.82
1.21
5.49
3.65
2.20
1.13
1.21
1.30
1.38
1.47
3.86
4.36
4.89
5.45
6.04
2.57
2.90
3.25
3.62
4.02
2.03
2.18
2.34
2.50
2.65
1.35
1.45
1.56
1.66
1.77
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
3.21
2.14
3.57
2.38
3.97
2.64
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.612
0.407
0.671
0.446
0.732
0.487
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.794
0.529
0.870
0.580
0.950
r y , in.
0.633
2.97
2.97
2.94
2.72
2.70
2.69

IV-67
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W18
Shape
106
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.19
0.793
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.901 0.600
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.30
0.864
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.03
0.685
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
1.47
0.980
6
7
8
9
10
0.886
0.908
0.935
0.966
1.00
0.589
0.604
0.622
0.643
0.667
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.21
1.24
0.793
0.793
0.793
0.806
0.824
0.967
0.992
1.02
1.06
1.10
0.643
0.660
0.679
0.702
0.729
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.32
1.35
0.864
0.864
0.864
0.880
0.900
1.10
1.12
1.15
1.19
1.24
0.730
0.747
0.767
0.793
0.824
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.50
1.54
0.980
0.980
0.980
1.00
1.03
11
12
13
14
15
1.04
1.09
1.15
1.21
1.28
0.695
0.726
0.762
0.803
0.849
1.27
1.29
1.33
1.36
1.39
0.842
0.862
0.882
0.903
0.926
1.14
1.19
1.25
1.32
1.40
0.759
0.794
0.834
0.879
0.930
1.38
1.42
1.45
1.49
1.53
0.921
0.944
0.967
0.992
1.02
1.29
1.35
1.42
1.50
1.59
0.858
0.898
0.944
0.996
1.05
1.58
1.62
1.67
1.71
1.76
1.05
1.08
1.11
1.14
1.17
16
17
18
19
20
1.36
1.44
1.55
1.66
1.79
0.902
0.961
1.03
1.11
1.19
1.43
1.46
1.50
1.54
1.59
0.949
0.974
1.00
1.03
1.06
1.48
1.58
1.70
1.82
1.97
0.988
1.05
1.13
1.21
1.31
1.57
1.62
1.66
1.71
1.76
1.05
1.07
1.11
1.14
1.17
1.69
1.80
1.93
2.07
2.24
1.12
1.20
1.28
1.38
1.49
1.81
1.87
1.93
1.99
2.05
1.21
1.24
1.28
1.32
1.37
22
24
26
28
30
2.11
2.51
2.94
3.41
3.92
1.40
1.67
1.96
2.27
2.61
1.68
1.79
1.91
2.11
2.31
1.12
1.19
1.27
1.40
1.54
2.32
2.76
3.24
3.75
4.31
1.54
1.83
2.15
2.50
2.87
1.87
2.00
2.19
2.43
2.67
1.25
1.33
1.46
1.61
1.77
2.65
3.15
3.70
4.29
4.93
1.76
2.10
2.46
2.86
3.28
2.20
2.38
2.68
2.98
3.29
1.46
1.58
1.78
1.98
2.19
32
34
36
38
40
4.46
5.03
5.64
6.29
6.97
2.97
3.35
3.75
4.18
4.63
2.51
1.67
4.90
3.26
2.91
2.72
1.81
5.53
3.68
3.15
2.92
1.94
6.20
4.13
3.38
3.12
2.08
6.91
4.60
3.62
3.32
2.21
7.66
5.10
3.86
1.93
2.09
2.25
2.41
2.57
5.61
6.33
7.10
7.91
8.76
3.73
4.21
4.72
5.26
5.83
3.59
3.90
4.21
4.51
4.82
2.39
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.21
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.826 0.550
Design

86c
97
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
4.53
3.01
4.96
3.30
5.66
3.77
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.826
0.550
0.901
0.600
1.02
0.676
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.07
0.715
1.17
0.780
1.32
r y , in.
c
W18
0.878
2.95
2.95
2.95
2.66
2.65
2.63

IV-68
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W18
W18
Shape
c,f
Design

71c
76
65c
p 10
b x 10
p 10
b x 10
p 10
b x 103
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD
1.20
LRFD
0.799
ASD
1.69
LRFD
1.12
ASD
1.24
LRFD
0.826
ASD
1.88
LRFD
1.25
ASD
1.39
LRFD
0.927
ASD
2.06
LRFD
1.37
6
7
8
9
10
1.28
1.31
1.34
1.38
1.43
0.850
0.869
0.893
0.920
0.952
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.72
1.77
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.15
1.18
1.46
1.55
1.66
1.80
1.97
0.970
1.03
1.11
1.20
1.31
1.93
2.00
2.08
2.16
2.26
1.28
1.33
1.38
1.44
1.50
1.62
1.71
1.83
1.98
2.17
1.07
1.14
1.22
1.32
1.45
2.12
2.20
2.29
2.39
2.50
1.41
1.47
1.53
1.59
1.66
11
12
13
14
15
1.49
1.55
1.62
1.71
1.81
0.989
1.03
1.08
1.14
1.20
1.82
1.87
1.92
1.98
2.04
1.21
1.24
1.28
1.32
1.36
2.18
2.43
2.74
3.11
3.57
1.45
1.62
1.82
2.07
2.37
2.36
2.47
2.59
2.72
2.87
1.57
1.64
1.72
1.81
1.91
2.40
2.68
3.02
3.44
3.95
1.60
1.78
2.01
2.29
2.63
2.61
2.74
2.88
3.04
3.21
1.74
1.82
1.92
2.02
2.14
16
17
18
19
20
1.93
2.06
2.21
2.38
2.57
1.28
1.37
1.47
1.58
1.71
2.10
2.17
2.25
2.32
2.41
1.40
1.45
1.49
1.55
1.60
4.06
4.58
5.14
5.73
6.34
2.70
3.05
3.42
3.81
4.22
3.03
3.27
3.55
3.84
4.12
2.02
2.18
2.36
2.55
2.74
4.50
5.08
5.69
6.34
7.02
2.99
3.38
3.79
4.22
4.67
3.43
3.76
4.09
4.43
4.76
2.28
2.50
2.72
2.95
3.17
22
24
26
28
30
3.05
3.63
4.26
4.94
5.68
2.03
2.42
2.84
3.29
3.78
2.60
2.90
3.28
3.67
4.06
1.73
1.93
2.18
2.44
2.70
7.68
9.14
10.7
12.4
5.11
6.08
7.13
8.27
4.69
5.25
5.82
6.38
3.12
3.50
3.87
4.25
8.50
10.1
11.9
13.8
5.66
6.73
7.90
9.16
5.44
6.11
6.79
7.46
3.62
4.07
4.51
4.96
32
34
36
38
40
6.46
7.29
8.17
9.11
10.1
4.30
4.85
5.44
6.06
6.71
4.45
2.96
4.85
3.22
5.24
3.49
5.64
3.75
6.04
4.02
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
6.52
4.34
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.15
0.767
1.23
0.818
1.35
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.49
0.997
1.59
1.06
1.75
r y , in.
c
Fy = 65 ksi
11.1
7.38
12.2
8.10
0.895
1.16
2.96
4.41
4.43
2.61
1.70
1.69

IV-69
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W18
Shape
55c
60
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
50c
3
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.55
1.03
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.23
1.48
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.71
1.14
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.45
1.63
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.93
1.29
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
2.71
1.81
6
7
8
9
10
1.79
1.89
2.01
2.17
2.37
1.19
1.26
1.34
1.44
1.58
2.30
2.39
2.49
2.60
2.72
1.53
1.59
1.66
1.73
1.81
1.97
2.08
2.22
2.39
2.60
1.31
1.39
1.48
1.59
1.73
2.53
2.64
2.76
2.88
3.03
1.68
1.76
1.83
1.92
2.01
2.23
2.35
2.51
2.70
2.94
1.48
1.57
1.67
1.80
1.95
2.82
2.94
3.08
3.23
3.40
1.87
1.96
2.05
2.15
2.26
11
12
13
14
15
2.63
2.93
3.31
3.78
4.34
1.75
1.95
2.20
2.52
2.89
2.85
3.00
3.16
3.34
3.54
1.90
1.99
2.10
2.22
2.35
2.87
3.22
3.64
4.16
4.77
1.91
2.14
2.42
2.77
3.17
3.18
3.36
3.55
3.76
4.04
2.12
2.23
2.36
2.50
2.69
3.23
3.61
4.09
4.69
5.39
2.15
2.40
2.72
3.12
3.58
3.59
3.79
4.03
4.29
4.70
2.39
2.52
2.68
2.85
3.13
16
17
18
19
20
4.94
5.57
6.25
6.96
7.71
3.28
3.71
4.16
4.63
5.13
3.87
4.25
4.63
5.02
5.41
2.58
2.83
3.08
3.34
3.60
5.43
6.13
6.87
7.65
8.48
3.61
4.08
4.57
5.09
5.64
4.48
4.93
5.39
5.85
6.32
2.98
3.28
3.59
3.89
4.20
6.13
6.92
7.76
8.64
9.58
4.08
4.60
5.16
5.75
6.37
5.22
5.76
6.31
6.86
7.43
3.48
3.83
4.20
4.57
4.94
22
24
26
28
9.33
11.1
13.0
15.1
6.21
7.39
8.67
10.1
6.19
6.98
7.76
8.55
4.12
4.64
5.16
5.69
6.83
8.13
9.54
7.26
8.20
9.16
4.83
5.46
6.09
7.71
9.17
10.8
8.56
9.72
10.9
5.70
6.47
7.24
10.3
12.2
14.3
-1
-1
Design

W18
11.6
13.8
16.2

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
13.3
8.85
14.8
9.86
16.5
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.46
0.971
1.59
1.06
1.75
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.89
1.26
2.06
1.37
2.27
r y , in.
11.0
1.16
1.51
4.45
4.44
4.47
1.68
1.67
1.65


IV-70
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W18
W18
Shape
40c,v
46
Design
35c,v
p 10
b x 10
p 10
b x 10
p 10
b x 103
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1
(kips)-1
(kip-ft)-1

Fy = 65 ksi
ASD
2.12
LRFD
1.41
ASD
3.02
LRFD
2.01
ASD
2.52
LRFD
1.67
ASD
3.50
LRFD
2.33
ASD
2.97
LRFD
1.98
ASD
4.12
LRFD
2.74
6
7
8
9
10
2.68
2.93
3.27
3.71
4.33
1.78
1.95
2.17
2.47
2.88
3.37
3.57
3.81
4.07
4.37
2.24
2.38
2.53
2.71
2.91
3.17
3.47
3.87
4.39
5.10
2.11
2.31
2.57
2.92
3.40
3.93
4.18
4.47
4.80
5.18
2.62
2.78
2.97
3.19
3.45
3.78
4.15
4.65
5.33
6.27
2.51
2.76
3.10
3.55
4.17
4.73
5.06
5.45
5.90
6.43
3.14
3.37
3.62
3.92
4.28
11
12
13
14
15
5.16
6.14
7.21
8.36
9.60
3.43
4.09
4.80
5.56
6.38
4.73
5.23
5.95
6.69
7.45
3.15
3.48
3.96
4.45
4.95
6.09
7.25
8.51
9.87
11.3
4.05
4.82
5.66
6.56
7.54
5.63
6.43
7.35
8.30
9.27
3.74
4.28
4.89
5.52
6.17
7.56
9.00
10.6
12.2
14.1
5.03
5.99
7.03
8.15
9.36
7.23
8.43
9.67
11.0
12.3
4.81
5.61
6.43
7.29
8.17
6.83
7.50
8.17
8.85
9.54
16.0
18.1
20.2
22.6
25.0
13.6
15.0
16.4
17.9
19.3
9.07
10.0
10.9
11.9
12.8
16
17
18
19
20
10.9
12.3
13.8
15.4
17.1
7.26
8.20
9.19
10.2
11.3
8.21
8.98
9.75
10.5
11.3
5.46
5.97
6.49
7.01
7.53
12.9
14.5
16.3
18.2
20.1
8.57
9.68
10.9
12.1
13.4
10.3
11.3
12.3
13.3
14.3
21
18.8
12.5
12.1
8.05
22.2
14.8
15.4
10.6
12.0
13.5
15.0
16.6
10.2

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
23.4
15.6
27.4
18.2
34.0
22.6
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.90
1.27
2.18
1.45
2.49
1.66
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.47
1.65
2.82
1.88
3.24
2.16
r y , in.
5.62
5.68
5.77
1.29
1.27
1.22
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.
Note: Heavy line indicates KL /ry equal to or greater than 200.

IV-71
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W16
Shape
100
89
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
77
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.874 0.581
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.38
0.921
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.981 0.652
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.57
1.04
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.14
0.756
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
1.83
1.22
6
7
8
9
10
0.945
0.972
1.00
1.04
1.09
0.629
0.647
0.668
0.693
0.723
1.38
1.38
1.39
1.42
1.45
0.921
0.921
0.925
0.944
0.965
1.06
1.09
1.13
1.17
1.22
0.706
0.727
0.751
0.780
0.814
1.57
1.57
1.58
1.61
1.65
1.04
1.04
1.05
1.07
1.10
1.23
1.27
1.31
1.36
1.42
0.820
0.844
0.873
0.907
0.947
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.89
1.94
1.22
1.22
1.23
1.26
1.29
11
12
13
14
15
1.14
1.19
1.26
1.34
1.42
0.756
0.795
0.839
0.890
0.948
1.48
1.51
1.55
1.58
1.62
0.986
1.01
1.03
1.05
1.08
1.28
1.35
1.42
1.51
1.61
0.852
0.897
0.947
1.01
1.07
1.69
1.73
1.78
1.82
1.87
1.12
1.15
1.18
1.21
1.24
1.49
1.57
1.66
1.76
1.88
0.992
1.04
1.11
1.17
1.25
1.99
2.04
2.10
2.16
2.22
1.32
1.36
1.40
1.44
1.48
16
17
18
19
20
1.52
1.64
1.77
1.91
2.08
1.01
1.09
1.18
1.27
1.39
1.66
1.70
1.75
1.79
1.84
1.11
1.13
1.16
1.19
1.23
1.73
1.86
2.01
2.18
2.37
1.15
1.23
1.33
1.45
1.58
1.92
1.98
2.03
2.10
2.16
1.28
1.32
1.35
1.39
1.44
2.02
2.17
2.35
2.56
2.79
1.34
1.45
1.56
1.70
1.86
2.29
2.36
2.44
2.52
2.61
1.52
1.57
1.62
1.68
1.74
22
24
26
28
30
2.50
2.98
3.50
4.06
4.66
1.67
1.98
2.33
2.70
3.10
1.95
2.07
2.20
2.40
2.62
1.30
1.38
1.46
1.60
1.74
2.85
3.40
3.99
4.62
5.31
1.90
2.26
2.65
3.08
3.53
2.30
2.46
2.71
2.99
3.26
1.53
1.64
1.80
1.99
2.17
3.36
4.00
4.70
5.45
6.25
2.24
2.66
3.13
3.62
4.16
2.80
3.09
3.46
3.83
4.20
1.86
2.06
2.30
2.55
2.80
32
34
36
38
40
5.30
5.98
6.70
7.47
8.28
3.52
3.98
4.46
4.97
5.51
2.83
1.88
6.04
4.02
3.54
3.04
2.03
6.82
4.54
3.82
3.26
2.17
7.64
5.09
4.09
3.47
2.31
8.52
5.67
4.36
3.68
2.45
9.44
6.28
4.63
2.36
2.54
2.72
2.90
3.08
7.12
8.03
9.01
10.0
11.1
4.73
5.34
5.99
6.68
7.40
4.57
4.94
5.31
5.68
6.04
3.04
3.29
3.53
3.78
4.02
Design

W16
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
4.99
3.32
5.70
3.79
6.67
4.44
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.874
0.581
0.981
0.652
1.14
0.756
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.13
0.756
1.27
0.848
1.47
r y , in.
0.983
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.51
2.49
2.47

IV-72
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W16
W16
Shape
57c
67
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.55
1.03
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.61
1.74
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.83
1.22
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
2.98
1.98
6
7
8
9
10
1.45
1.49
1.53
1.59
1.65
0.963
0.989
1.02
1.06
1.10
2.11
2.11
2.13
2.19
2.25
1.40
1.40
1.42
1.45
1.50
1.85
1.99
2.15
2.36
2.61
1.23
1.32
1.43
1.57
1.74
2.72
2.82
2.94
3.07
3.21
1.81
1.88
1.96
2.04
2.14
2.16
2.30
2.47
2.71
3.00
1.44
1.53
1.64
1.80
2.00
3.11
3.25
3.40
3.57
3.75
2.07
2.16
2.26
2.37
2.49
11
12
13
14
15
1.72
1.82
1.92
2.04
2.18
1.15
1.21
1.28
1.36
1.45
2.31
2.38
2.45
2.53
2.61
1.54
1.58
1.63
1.68
1.74
2.92
3.30
3.78
4.37
5.01
1.94
2.20
2.51
2.90
3.33
3.37
3.54
3.73
3.94
4.17
2.24
2.35
2.48
2.62
2.77
3.37
3.81
4.36
5.05
5.80
2.24
2.54
2.90
3.36
3.86
3.95
4.17
4.43
4.71
5.13
2.63
2.78
2.94
3.13
3.41
16
17
18
19
20
2.34
2.52
2.73
2.97
3.24
1.56
1.68
1.81
1.97
2.16
2.70
2.79
2.89
3.00
3.11
1.80
1.86
1.92
1.99
2.07
5.70
6.44
7.22
8.04
8.91
3.79
4.28
4.80
5.35
5.93
4.55
4.97
5.39
5.81
6.23
3.03
3.31
3.58
3.86
4.14
6.60
7.45
8.35
9.31
10.3
4.39
4.96
5.56
6.19
6.86
5.66
6.20
6.74
7.28
7.83
3.77
4.12
4.48
4.85
5.21
22
24
26
28
30
3.91
4.65
5.46
6.33
7.27
2.60
3.10
3.63
4.21
4.84
3.39
3.86
4.34
4.82
5.31
2.25
2.57
2.89
3.21
3.53
7.17
8.54
10.0
7.07
7.90
8.74
4.70
5.26
5.82
12.5
14.8
17.4
8.30
9.88
11.6
8.93
10.0
11.1
5.94
6.67
7.40
32
34
36
38
40
8.27
9.34
10.5
11.7
12.9
5.50
6.21
6.96
7.76
8.60
5.80
3.86
6.29
4.18
6.77
4.51
7.26
4.83
7.75
5.15
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
7.72
5.14
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.31
0.872
1.53
1.02
1.75
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.70
1.13
1.98
1.32
2.27
r y , in.
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.11
1.40
10.8
12.8
15.1
-1
50c
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.35
0.897
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
14.5
9.65
16.8
11.2
1.16
1.51
2.83
4.20
4.20
2.46
1.60
1.59


IV-73
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W16
Shape
40c
45
b x 10
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.07
1.38
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
3.33
2.22
6
7
8
9
10
2.45
2.60
2.80
3.05
3.37
1.63
1.73
1.86
2.03
2.24
3.50
3.66
3.84
4.04
4.25
11
12
13
14
15
3.78
4.30
4.94
5.73
6.58
2.52
2.86
3.29
3.81
4.37
16
17
18
19
20
7.48
8.45
9.47
10.5
11.7
4.98
5.62
6.30
7.02
7.78
21
22
23
24
25
12.9
14.1
15.5
16.8
18.3
8.57
9.41
10.3
11.2
12.2
26
19.8
13.1
Design
Effective length, KL (ft), with respect to least radius of gyration, ry , or Unbraced

Length, Lb (ft), for X-X axis bending
W16
-1
36c,f,v
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.41
1.60
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
3.75
2.50
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.73
1.82
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
4.29
2.86
2.33
2.44
2.55
2.68
2.83
2.83
3.00
3.22
3.50
3.85
1.88
2.00
2.15
2.33
2.56
3.95
4.14
4.35
4.59
4.85
2.63
2.76
2.90
3.05
3.23
3.22
3.43
3.70
4.03
4.45
2.14
2.28
2.46
2.68
2.96
4.55
4.78
5.04
5.32
5.64
3.03
3.18
3.35
3.54
3.75
4.50
4.77
5.07
5.43
6.06
2.99
3.17
3.38
3.61
4.03
4.29
4.84
5.57
6.46
7.41
2.85
3.22
3.70
4.30
4.93
5.14
5.47
5.84
6.40
7.17
3.42
3.64
3.89
4.26
4.77
4.99
5.69
6.61
7.67
8.80
3.32
3.78
4.40
5.10
5.86
6.00
6.41
6.88
7.82
8.79
3.99
4.26
4.58
5.20
5.85
6.71
7.36
8.03
8.70
9.37
4.46
4.90
5.34
5.79
6.23
8.43
9.52
10.7
11.9
13.2
5.61
6.33
7.10
7.91
8.77
7.96
8.76
9.58
10.4
11.2
5.30
5.83
6.38
6.93
7.48
10.0
11.3
12.7
14.1
15.6
6.66
7.52
8.43
9.40
10.4
9.79
10.8
11.9
12.9
14.0
6.51
7.19
7.89
8.59
9.31
10.0
10.7
11.4
12.1
12.8
6.68
7.14
7.59
8.04
8.50
14.5
15.9
17.4
19.0
20.6
9.66
10.6
11.6
12.6
13.7
12.1
12.9
13.8
14.6
15.5
8.04
8.61
9.17
9.74
10.3
17.3
18.9
20.7
22.5
24.4
11.5
12.6
13.8
15.0
16.3
15.1
16.2
17.3
18.4
19.5
13.5
8.95
22.3
14.8
16.4
10.9
10.0
10.8
11.5
12.2
13.0

b y 10 (kip-ft)
3
t y 10 (kips)
3
-1
18.9
12.6
21.6
14.4
25.5
16.9
-1
1.93
1.29
2.18
1.45
2.42
1.61
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.51
1.67
2.82
1.88
3.14
2.10
r y , in.
4.24
4.22
4.28
1.57
1.57
1.52
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-74
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W16
W16
Shape
c,v
26c,v
31
b x 10
p 10
-1
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD
LRFD
6.20
4.13
p 10
-1
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD
LRFD
5.08
3.38
(kips)
ASD
4.05
LRFD
2.69
5.38
6.02
6.91
8.15
9.94
3.58
4.01
4.60
5.42
6.62
7.39
7.99
8.70
9.56
10.9
4.91
5.32
5.79
6.36
7.26
ASD
3.27
LRFD
2.17
6
7
8
9
10
4.30
4.79
5.45
6.36
7.67
2.86
3.18
3.62
4.23
5.10
5.92
6.36
6.88
7.49
8.21
3.94
4.23
4.58
4.98
5.47
11
12
13
14
15
9.28
11.0
13.0
15.0
17.2
6.17
7.34
8.62
10.0
11.5
9.55
11.1
12.6
14.2
15.8
6.35
7.35
8.39
9.45
10.5
12.0
14.3
16.8
19.5
22.4
8.01
9.53
11.2
13.0
14.9
12.9
15.0
17.2
19.5
21.9
8.60
10.0
11.5
13.0
14.6
16
17
18
19
19.6
22.2
24.8
27.7
13.1
14.7
16.5
18.4
17.5
19.2
20.9
22.6
11.6
12.8
13.9
15.0
25.5
28.7
32.2
16.9
19.1
21.4
24.3
26.7
29.2
16.2
17.8
19.4

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
39.0
25.9
50.0
33.3
t y 103 (kips)-1
2.81
1.87
3.35
2.23
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
3.65
2.43
4.34
2.89
r y , in.
5.48
5.59
1.17
1.12
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-75
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W14
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
605h
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
p 10
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
0.119 0.0795 0.165 0.110
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
0.131 0.0872 0.185 0.123
(kips)
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
0.144 0.0960 0.208 0.138
11
12
13
14
15
0.129
0.131
0.133
0.135
0.137
0.0857
0.0870
0.0883
0.0898
0.0915
0.165
0.165
0.165
0.165
0.165
0.110
0.110
0.110
0.110
0.110
0.142
0.144
0.146
0.149
0.151
0.0943
0.0957
0.0972
0.0989
0.101
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.123
0.123
0.123
0.123
0.123
0.156
0.159
0.161
0.164
0.167
0.104
0.106
0.107
0.109
0.111
0.208
0.208
0.208
0.208
0.208
0.138
0.138
0.138
0.138
0.138
16
17
18
19
20
0.140
0.143
0.146
0.150
0.153
0.0932
0.0952
0.0973
0.0995
0.102
0.166
0.166
0.166
0.167
0.167
0.110
0.110
0.111
0.111
0.111
0.154
0.158
0.161
0.165
0.169
0.103
0.105
0.107
0.110
0.113
0.186
0.186
0.187
0.187
0.188
0.124
0.124
0.124
0.125
0.125
0.171
0.175
0.179
0.183
0.188
0.114
0.116
0.119
0.122
0.125
0.209
0.209
0.210
0.210
0.211
0.139
0.139
0.140
0.140
0.140
22
24
26
28
30
0.161
0.171
0.182
0.195
0.209
0.107
0.114
0.121
0.130
0.139
0.168
0.169
0.170
0.170
0.171
0.112
0.112
0.113
0.113
0.114
0.179
0.190
0.202
0.217
0.233
0.119
0.126
0.135
0.144
0.155
0.189
0.190
0.191
0.192
0.193
0.126
0.126
0.127
0.128
0.128
0.199
0.211
0.226
0.242
0.262
0.132
0.141
0.150
0.161
0.174
0.212
0.213
0.215
0.216
0.217
0.141
0.142
0.143
0.144
0.144
32
34
36
38
40
0.226
0.245
0.268
0.293
0.324
0.150
0.163
0.178
0.195
0.216
0.172
0.173
0.174
0.175
0.176
0.115
0.115
0.116
0.116
0.117
0.253
0.275
0.301
0.331
0.366
0.168
0.183
0.200
0.220
0.244
0.194
0.195
0.196
0.197
0.198
0.129
0.130
0.130
0.131
0.132
0.284
0.310
0.340
0.375
0.416
0.189
0.206
0.226
0.250
0.277
0.218
0.220
0.221
0.222
0.223
0.145
0.146
0.147
0.148
0.149
42
44
46
48
50
0.357
0.392
0.429
0.467
0.506
0.238
0.261
0.285
0.311
0.337
0.176 0.117 0.404 0.269 0.199

0.177 0.118 0.443 0.295 0.200
0.178 0.119 0.485 0.322 0.201
0.179 0.119 0.528 0.351 0.202
0.180 0.120 0.573 0.381 0.204
0.132
0.133
0.134
0.135
0.135
0.459
0.503
0.550
0.599
0.650
0.305
0.335
0.366
0.399
0.432
0.225
0.226
0.227
0.229
0.230
0.150
0.150
0.151
0.152
0.153
Design

665h
730
3
-1
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
0.336
0.223
0.375
0.250
0.420
0.280
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.119
0.0795
0.131
0.0872
0.144
0.0960
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.155
0.103
0.170
0.113
0.187
r y , in.
h
W14
0.125
1.74
1.73
1.71
4.69
4.62
4.55

IV-76
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W14
W14
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.232 0.155
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.175 0.116
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.261 0.174
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.192 0.128
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.293 0.195
11
12
13
14
15
0.172
0.175
0.178
0.181
0.185
0.115
0.116
0.118
0.121
0.123
0.232
0.232
0.232
0.232
0.233
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.155
0.190
0.193
0.197
0.200
0.204
0.127
0.129
0.131
0.133
0.136
0.261
0.261
0.261
0.261
0.262
0.174
0.174
0.174
0.174
0.174
0.209
0.212
0.216
0.221
0.225
0.139
0.141
0.144
0.147
0.150
0.293
0.293
0.293
0.293
0.294
0.195
0.195
0.195
0.195
0.196
16
17
18
19
20
0.189
0.193
0.198
0.203
0.208
0.126
0.128
0.131
0.135
0.138
0.234
0.234
0.235
0.236
0.237
0.155
0.156
0.156
0.157
0.157
0.209
0.214
0.219
0.225
0.231
0.139
0.142
0.146
0.150
0.154
0.263
0.264
0.265
0.266
0.266
0.175
0.176
0.176
0.177
0.177
0.230
0.236
0.242
0.248
0.255
0.153
0.157
0.161
0.165
0.170
0.295
0.296
0.297
0.298
0.299
0.196
0.197
0.198
0.199
0.199
22
24
26
28
30
0.220
0.234
0.251
0.270
0.292
0.147
0.156
0.167
0.180
0.194
0.238
0.239
0.241
0.242
0.244
0.158
0.159
0.160
0.161
0.162
0.245
0.261
0.280
0.302
0.327
0.163
0.174
0.186
0.201
0.218
0.268
0.270
0.272
0.274
0.275
0.178
0.180
0.181
0.182
0.183
0.271
0.289
0.311
0.335
0.364
0.180
0.192
0.207
0.223
0.242
0.302
0.304
0.306
0.308
0.311
0.201
0.202
0.204
0.205
0.207
32
34
36
38
40
0.318
0.348
0.382
0.424
0.469
0.211
0.231
0.254
0.282
0.312
0.246
0.247
0.249
0.250
0.252
0.163
0.164
0.165
0.166
0.168
0.357
0.391
0.432
0.480
0.531
0.238
0.260
0.287
0.319
0.354
0.277
0.279
0.281
0.283
0.285
0.185
0.186
0.187
0.188
0.190
0.398
0.437
0.483
0.538
0.596
0.265
0.291
0.322
0.358
0.397
0.313
0.315
0.318
0.320
0.323
0.208
0.210
0.211
0.213
0.215
42
44
46
48
50
0.517
0.568
0.621
0.676
0.733
0.344
0.378
0.413
0.450
0.488
0.253 0.169 0.586 0.390 0.287

0.255 0.170 0.643 0.428 0.289
0.257 0.171 0.703 0.468 0.291
0.259 0.172 0.765 0.509 0.293
0.260 0.173 0.830 0.552 0.295
0.191
0.192
0.194
0.195
0.197
0.657
0.721
0.789
0.859
0.932
0.437
0.480
0.525
0.571
0.620
0.325
0.328
0.330
0.333
0.335
0.216
0.218
0.220
0.221
0.223
-1
455h
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.159 0.106
Design

500h
550
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
0.470
0.313
0.525
0.349
0.586
0.390
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.159
0.106
0.175
0.116
0.192
0.128
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.206
0.137
0.227
0.151
0.249
r y , in.
h
Fy = 65 ksi
0.166
1.70
1.69
1.67
4.49
4.43
4.38

IV-77
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W14
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.315 0.210
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.220 0.146
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.342 0.228
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.236 0.157
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.372 0.248
11
12
13
14
15
0.224
0.228
0.232
0.237
0.242
0.149
0.152
0.155
0.158
0.161
0.315
0.315
0.315
0.316
0.317
0.210
0.210
0.210
0.210
0.211
0.240
0.244
0.249
0.254
0.259
0.160
0.162
0.165
0.169
0.172
0.342
0.342
0.342
0.343
0.344
0.228
0.228
0.228
0.228
0.229
0.258
0.263
0.268
0.273
0.279
0.172
0.175
0.178
0.182
0.186
0.372
0.372
0.372
0.374
0.375
0.248
0.248
0.248
0.249
0.250
16
17
18
19
20
0.248
0.254
0.260
0.267
0.275
0.165
0.169
0.173
0.178
0.183
0.318
0.320
0.321
0.322
0.323
0.212
0.213
0.213
0.214
0.215
0.265
0.272
0.279
0.287
0.295
0.176
0.181
0.185
0.191
0.196
0.346
0.347
0.348
0.350
0.351
0.230
0.231
0.232
0.233
0.234
0.286
0.293
0.301
0.309
0.318
0.190
0.195
0.200
0.206
0.212
0.377
0.378
0.380
0.382
0.383
0.251
0.252
0.253
0.254
0.255
22
24
26
28
30
0.292
0.312
0.336
0.363
0.395
0.194
0.208
0.223
0.242
0.263
0.326
0.328
0.331
0.333
0.336
0.217
0.218
0.220
0.222
0.224
0.314
0.336
0.361
0.391
0.426
0.209
0.223
0.240
0.260
0.284
0.354
0.357
0.360
0.363
0.366
0.236
0.238
0.239
0.241
0.244
0.339
0.363
0.392
0.425
0.463
0.226
0.242
0.261
0.283
0.308
0.387
0.390
0.393
0.397
0.401
0.257
0.259
0.262
0.264
0.267
32
34
36
38
40
0.433
0.476
0.527
0.588
0.651
0.288
0.317
0.351
0.391
0.433
0.339
0.341
0.344
0.347
0.350
0.225
0.227
0.229
0.231
0.233
0.467
0.515
0.571
0.637
0.705
0.311
0.342
0.380
0.423
0.469
0.369
0.372
0.375
0.379
0.382
0.246
0.248
0.250
0.252
0.254
0.508
0.561
0.625
0.696
0.771
0.338
0.374
0.416
0.463
0.513
0.404
0.408
0.412
0.416
0.419
0.269
0.271
0.274
0.276
0.279
42
44
46
48
50
0.718
0.788
0.861
0.938
1.02
0.478
0.524
0.573
0.624
0.677
0.353 0.235 0.778 0.517 0.385

0.356 0.237 0.853 0.568 0.389
0.359 0.239 0.933 0.621 0.392
0.362 0.241 1.02
0.676 0.396
0.365 0.243 1.10
0.733 0.400
0.256
0.259
0.261
0.263
0.266
0.850
0.933
1.02
1.11
1.21
0.566
0.621
0.679
0.739
0.802
0.423
0.428
0.432
0.436
0.440
0.282
0.284
0.287
0.290
0.293
-1
370h
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.206 0.137
Design

398h
426
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
0.631
0.420
0.682
0.454
0.741
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.206
0.137
0.220
0.146
0.236
0.157
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.267
0.178
0.285
0.190
0.306
0.204
r y , in.
h
W14
0.493
1.67
1.66
1.66
4.34
4.31
4.27

IV-78
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W14
W14
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.408 0.271
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.281 0.187
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.454 0.302
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.308 0.205
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.506 0.336
11
12
13
14
15
0.279
0.284
0.289
0.295
0.302
0.186
0.189
0.192
0.196
0.201
0.408
0.408
0.408
0.409
0.411
0.271
0.271
0.271
0.272
0.274
0.309
0.314
0.320
0.327
0.335
0.205
0.209
0.213
0.218
0.223
0.454
0.454
0.454
0.457
0.459
0.302
0.302
0.302
0.304
0.305
0.339
0.345
0.352
0.360
0.368
0.226
0.230
0.234
0.239
0.245
0.506
0.506
0.506
0.509
0.511
0.336
0.336
0.337
0.338
0.340
16
17
18
19
20
0.309
0.317
0.326
0.335
0.345
0.206
0.211
0.217
0.223
0.230
0.413
0.415
0.417
0.419
0.421
0.275
0.276
0.277
0.279
0.280
0.343
0.352
0.361
0.372
0.383
0.228
0.234
0.240
0.247
0.255
0.461
0.464
0.466
0.468
0.471
0.307
0.308
0.310
0.312
0.313
0.377
0.387
0.398
0.410
0.423
0.251
0.258
0.265
0.273
0.281
0.514
0.517
0.520
0.523
0.526
0.342
0.344
0.346
0.348
0.350
22
24
26
28
30
0.368
0.394
0.426
0.462
0.505
0.245
0.262
0.283
0.307
0.336
0.425
0.429
0.433
0.437
0.441
0.283
0.285
0.288
0.291
0.294
0.409
0.440
0.475
0.516
0.565
0.272
0.292
0.316
0.344
0.376
0.476
0.481
0.486
0.491
0.496
0.316
0.320
0.323
0.327
0.330
0.451
0.485
0.525
0.572
0.626
0.300
0.323
0.349
0.380
0.417
0.532
0.538
0.544
0.551
0.557
0.354
0.358
0.362
0.366
0.371
32
34
36
38
40
0.555
0.613
0.684
0.762
0.844
0.369
0.408
0.455
0.507
0.562
0.446
0.450
0.455
0.459
0.464
0.297
0.300
0.303
0.306
0.309
0.622
0.689
0.770
0.858
0.951
0.414
0.459
0.512
0.571
0.633
0.501
0.507
0.513
0.518
0.524
0.334
0.337
0.341
0.345
0.349
0.691
0.766
0.857
0.955
1.06
0.459
0.510
0.570
0.635
0.704
0.564
0.571
0.578
0.585
0.592
0.375
0.380
0.384
0.389
0.394
42
44
46
48
50
0.931
1.02
1.12
1.22
1.32
0.619
0.680
0.743
0.809
0.878
0.469 0.312 1.05

0.697 0.530
0.474 0.315 1.15
0.765 0.536
0.479 0.319 1.26
0.837 0.543
0.484 0.322 1.37
0.911 0.549
0.489 0.325 1.49
0.988 0.556
0.353
0.357
0.361
0.365
0.370
1.17
1.28
1.40
1.52
1.65
0.776
0.852
0.931
1.01
1.10
0.600
0.608
0.616
0.624
0.632
0.399
0.404
0.410
0.415
0.421
-1
283h
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.254 0.169
Design

311h
342
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
0.811
0.539
0.901
0.600
1.00
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.254
0.169
0.281
0.187
0.308
0.205
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.330
0.220
0.365
0.243
0.400
0.267
r y , in.
h
Fy = 65 ksi
0.665
1.65
1.64
1.63
4.24
4.20
4.17

IV-79
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W14
Shape
257
233
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.563 0.374
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.375 0.250
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.629 0.418
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.414 0.276
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.703 0.468
11
12
13
14
15
0.374
0.381
0.389
0.398
0.407
0.249
0.254
0.259
0.265
0.271
0.563
0.563
0.563
0.567
0.570
0.374
0.374
0.375
0.377
0.379
0.414
0.422
0.430
0.440
0.450
0.275
0.281
0.286
0.293
0.300
0.629
0.629
0.630
0.634
0.638
0.418
0.418
0.419
0.422
0.425
0.458
0.467
0.476
0.487
0.499
0.305
0.311
0.317
0.324
0.332
0.703
0.703
0.705
0.710
0.715
0.468
0.468
0.469
0.472
0.476
16
17
18
19
20
0.417
0.429
0.441
0.454
0.468
0.278
0.285
0.293
0.302
0.312
0.574
0.577
0.581
0.584
0.588
0.382
0.384
0.386
0.389
0.391
0.462
0.475
0.488
0.503
0.519
0.307
0.316
0.325
0.335
0.346
0.642
0.647
0.651
0.656
0.660
0.427
0.430
0.433
0.436
0.439
0.512
0.526
0.542
0.558
0.577
0.341
0.350
0.360
0.372
0.384
0.720
0.726
0.731
0.737
0.742
0.479
0.483
0.486
0.490
0.494
22
24
26
28
30
0.501
0.540
0.585
0.638
0.700
0.333
0.359
0.389
0.424
0.466
0.595
0.603
0.611
0.619
0.627
0.396
0.401
0.406
0.412
0.417
0.556
0.600
0.650
0.710
0.781
0.370
0.399
0.433
0.472
0.519
0.669
0.679
0.688
0.699
0.709
0.445
0.452
0.458
0.465
0.472
0.618
0.667
0.724
0.792
0.872
0.411
0.444
0.482
0.527
0.580
0.754
0.766
0.778
0.790
0.803
0.501
0.509
0.517
0.526
0.535
32
34
36
38
40
0.773
0.859
0.963
1.07
1.19
0.514
0.572
0.641
0.714
0.791
0.635
0.644
0.653
0.662
0.671
0.423
0.428
0.434
0.440
0.447
0.863
0.962
1.08
1.20
1.33
0.574
0.640
0.717
0.799
0.886
0.719
0.730
0.742
0.753
0.765
0.479
0.486
0.493
0.501
0.509
0.966
1.08
1.21
1.35
1.49
0.643
0.717
0.804
0.896
0.993
0.817
0.831
0.845
0.860
0.876
0.543
0.553
0.562
0.572
0.583
42
44
46
48
50
1.31
1.44
1.57
1.71
1.86
0.872
0.957
1.05
1.14
1.24
0.681 0.453 1.47

0.976 0.778
0.691 0.460 1.61
1.07
0.790
0.701 0.466 1.76
1.17
0.804
0.712 0.473 1.92
1.28
0.817
0.722 0.481 2.08
1.38
0.832
0.517
0.526
0.535
0.544
0.553
1.65
1.81
1.97
2.15
2.33
1.09
1.20
1.31
1.43
1.55
0.892
0.908
0.925
0.943
0.962
0.593
0.604
0.616
0.628
0.640
-1
211
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.340 0.226
Design

W14
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.11
0.741
1.24
0.825
1.38
0.921
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.340
0.226
0.375
0.250
0.414
0.276
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.441
0.294
0.487
0.324
0.538
r y , in.
0.358
1.62
1.62
1.61
4.13
4.10
4.07

IV-80
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W14
W14
Shape
193
176
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.772 0.514
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.496 0.330
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.856 0.570
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.550 0.366
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.955 0.635
11
12
13
14
15
0.500
0.510
0.521
0.533
0.546
0.333
0.339
0.347
0.354
0.363
0.772
0.772
0.775
0.781
0.787
0.514
0.514
0.516
0.520
0.524
0.550
0.560
0.572
0.586
0.600
0.366
0.373
0.381
0.390
0.399
0.856
0.856
0.860
0.868
0.875
0.570
0.570
0.572
0.577
0.582
0.610
0.622
0.636
0.651
0.667
0.406
0.414
0.423
0.433
0.444
0.955
0.955
0.960
0.970
0.979
0.635
0.635
0.639
0.645
0.651
16
17
18
19
20
0.560
0.576
0.593
0.611
0.632
0.373
0.383
0.394
0.407
0.420
0.794
0.800
0.807
0.814
0.820
0.528
0.533
0.537
0.541
0.546
0.616
0.634
0.653
0.673
0.696
0.410
0.422
0.434
0.448
0.463
0.883
0.891
0.899
0.907
0.916
0.588
0.593
0.598
0.604
0.609
0.685
0.704
0.726
0.749
0.775
0.456
0.469
0.483
0.498
0.515
0.989
0.999
1.01
1.02
1.03
0.658
0.664
0.671
0.678
0.685
22
24
26
28
30
0.677
0.731
0.795
0.870
0.959
0.451
0.487
0.529
0.579
0.638
0.834
0.849
0.864
0.879
0.896
0.555
0.565
0.575
0.585
0.596
0.747
0.808
0.879
0.964
1.06
0.497
0.538
0.585
0.641
0.707
0.933
0.951
0.969
0.989
1.01
0.621
0.633
0.645
0.658
0.671
0.832
0.901
0.981
1.08
1.19
0.554
0.599
0.653
0.716
0.790
1.05
1.07
1.10
1.12
1.15
0.699
0.714
0.730
0.746
0.763
32
34
36
38
40
1.06
1.19
1.33
1.48
1.65
0.707
0.791
0.887
0.988
1.09
0.912
0.930
0.948
0.966
0.986
0.607
0.618
0.630
0.643
0.656
1.18
1.32
1.48
1.65
1.83
0.786
0.880
0.987
1.10
1.22
1.03
1.05
1.07
1.10
1.12
0.685
0.700
0.715
0.731
0.747
1.32
1.48
1.66
1.85
2.05
0.879
0.986
1.11
1.23
1.36
1.17
1.20
1.23
1.26
1.29
0.781
0.800
0.819
0.840
0.861
42
44
46
48
50
1.81
1.99
2.18
2.37
2.57
1.21
1.32
1.45
1.58
1.71
1.01
0.669 2.02
1.34
1.15
1.03
0.683 2.22
1.47
1.18
1.05
0.698 2.42
1.61
1.21
1.07
0.713 2.64
1.75
1.24
1.10
0.729 2.86
1.90
1.27
0.765
0.783
0.802
0.822
0.843
2.26
2.48
2.71
2.95
3.21
1.50
1.65
1.81
1.97
2.13
1.33
1.37
1.40
1.44
1.49
0.884
0.908
0.934
0.961
0.989
-1
159
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.452 0.301
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.52
1.01
1.68
1.12
1.88
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.452
0.301
0.496
0.330
0.550
0.366
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.587
0.391
0.644
0.429
0.714
0.476
r y , in.
1.25
1.60
1.60
1.60
4.05
4.02
4.00

IV-81
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W14
Shape
145
132
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.05
0.701
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.662 0.441
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.17
0.779
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.728 0.484
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
1.29
0.860
11
12
13
14
15
0.668
0.681
0.696
0.713
0.731
0.444
0.453
0.463
0.474
0.486
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
0.701
0.701
0.706
0.714
0.721
0.744
0.761
0.780
0.801
0.823
0.495
0.506
0.519
0.533
0.548
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.22
0.779
0.783
0.792
0.801
0.811
0.819
0.838
0.859
0.882
0.907
0.545
0.558
0.571
0.587
0.604
1.29
1.30
1.32
1.33
1.35
0.860
0.864
0.875
0.887
0.898
16
17
18
19
20
0.751
0.772
0.796
0.822
0.850
0.499
0.514
0.530
0.547
0.566
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
0.729
0.737
0.745
0.753
0.762
0.848
0.876
0.906
0.939
0.975
0.564
0.583
0.603
0.625
0.649
1.23
1.25
1.26
1.28
1.30
0.821
0.831
0.841
0.851
0.862
0.935
0.966
0.999
1.04
1.08
0.622
0.643
0.665
0.689
0.716
1.37
1.39
1.40
1.42
1.44
0.910
0.922
0.935
0.947
0.961
22
24
26
28
30
0.914
0.990
1.08
1.18
1.31
0.608
0.659
0.718
0.788
0.871
1.17
1.20
1.23
1.26
1.29
0.779
0.798
0.817
0.837
0.858
1.06
1.16
1.27
1.41
1.58
0.704
0.769
0.848
0.941
1.05
1.33
1.37
1.40
1.44
1.48
0.885
0.908
0.933
0.960
0.987
1.17
1.28
1.41
1.57
1.76
0.778
0.851
0.938
1.04
1.17
1.49
1.53
1.58
1.62
1.68
0.988
1.02
1.05
1.08
1.12
32
34
36
38
40
1.46
1.64
1.84
2.05
2.27
0.970
1.09
1.22
1.36
1.51
1.32
1.36
1.39
1.43
1.48
0.880
0.903
0.928
0.954
0.982
1.79
2.02
2.26
2.52
2.79
1.19
1.34
1.51
1.68
1.86
1.53
1.58
1.63
1.68
1.74
1.02
1.05
1.08
1.12
1.16
1.99
2.24
2.51
2.80
3.10
1.32
1.49
1.67
1.86
2.07
1.73
1.79
1.86
1.93
2.00
1.15
1.19
1.24
1.28
1.33
42
44
46
48
50
2.50
2.74
3.00
3.26
3.54
1.66
1.82
1.99
2.17
2.36
1.52
1.01
3.08
2.05
1.80
1.57
1.04
3.38
2.25
1.86
1.62
1.07
3.70
2.46
1.96
1.67
1.11
4.02
2.68
2.06
1.74
1.16
4.37
2.91
2.15
1.20
1.24
1.30
1.37
1.43
3.42
3.76
4.11
4.47
4.85
2.28
2.50
2.73
2.97
3.23
2.09
2.21
2.33
2.45
2.57
1.39
1.47
1.55
1.63
1.71
-1
120
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.602 0.400
Design

W14
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
2.06
1.37
2.43
1.61
2.69
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.602
0.400
0.662
0.441
0.728
0.484
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.781
0.520
0.859
0.573
0.944
0.630
r y , in.
1.79
1.59
1.67
1.67
3.98
3.76
3.74

IV-82
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W14
W14
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.45
0.962
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.883 0.587
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.64
1.09
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.970 0.645
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
1.86
1.24
11
12
13
14
15
0.904
0.925
0.948
0.974
1.00
0.602
0.615
0.631
0.648
0.667
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.47
1.50
0.962
0.962
0.968
0.981
0.995
0.996
1.02
1.04
1.07
1.10
0.663
0.678
0.695
0.714
0.735
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.67
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.11
1.09
1.12
1.15
1.18
1.21
0.728
0.745
0.764
0.785
0.808
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.24
16
17
18
19
20
1.03
1.07
1.10
1.15
1.19
0.687
0.710
0.735
0.762
0.792
1.52
1.54
1.56
1.58
1.61
1.01
1.02
1.04
1.05
1.07
1.14
1.18
1.22
1.26
1.31
0.758
0.783
0.811
0.841
0.874
1.69
1.72
1.75
1.78
1.81
1.13
1.14
1.16
1.18
1.20
1.25
1.29
1.34
1.39
1.45
0.833
0.861
0.892
0.925
0.962
1.88
1.91
1.94
1.97
2.01
1.25
1.27
1.29
1.31
1.34
22
24
26
28
30
1.29
1.41
1.56
1.74
1.95
0.860
0.941
1.04
1.16
1.29
1.66
1.71
1.77
1.83
1.90
1.10
1.14
1.18
1.22
1.26
1.43
1.57
1.73
1.93
2.16
0.951
1.04
1.15
1.28
1.44
1.87
1.93
2.00
2.08
2.16
1.24
1.29
1.33
1.38
1.44
1.57
1.72
1.91
2.12
2.38
1.05
1.15
1.27
1.41
1.59
2.08
2.16
2.25
2.34
2.45
1.39
1.44
1.50
1.56
1.63
32
34
36
38
40
2.20
2.49
2.79
3.11
3.44
1.47
1.66
1.86
2.07
2.29
1.97
2.04
2.12
2.21
2.33
1.31
1.36
1.41
1.47
1.55
2.45
2.77
3.10
3.45
3.83
1.63
1.84
2.06
2.30
2.55
2.25
2.34
2.45
2.60
2.78
1.50
1.56
1.63
1.73
1.85
2.70
3.05
3.42
3.81
4.23
1.80
2.03
2.28
2.54
2.81
2.56
2.68
2.86
3.08
3.29
1.70
1.78
1.90
2.05
2.19
42
44
46
48
50
3.80
4.17
4.55
4.96
5.38
2.53
2.77
3.03
3.30
3.58
2.48
1.65
4.22
2.81
2.96
2.62
1.74
4.63
3.08
3.13
2.76
1.84
5.06
3.37
3.31
2.91
1.93
5.51
3.67
3.48
3.05
2.03
5.98
3.98
3.66
1.97
2.08
2.20
2.32
2.43
4.66
5.11
5.59
6.08
6.60
3.10
3.40
3.72
4.05
4.39
3.51
3.72
3.94
4.15
4.36
2.33
2.48
2.62
2.76
2.90
-1
90f
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.803 0.534
Design

99f
109
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
3.01
2.01
3.47
2.31
3.98
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.803
0.534
0.883
0.587
0.970
0.645
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.04
0.694
1.15
0.764
1.26
0.839
r y , in.
f
Fy = 65 ksi
2.65
1.67
1.66
1.66
3.73
3.71
3.70

IV-83
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W14
Shape
82
74
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
68
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.07
0.712
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.97
1.31
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.18
0.784
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.18
1.45
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.28
0.855
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
2.38
1.59
6
7
8
9
10
1.16
1.19
1.23
1.28
1.34
0.772
0.794
0.821
0.853
0.890
1.97
1.97
1.98
2.03
2.07
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.35
1.38
1.28
1.31
1.36
1.41
1.47
0.850
0.874
0.904
0.939
0.980
2.18
2.18
2.19
2.24
2.29
1.45
1.45
1.46
1.49
1.52
1.39
1.44
1.48
1.54
1.61
0.927
0.955
0.988
1.03
1.07
2.38
2.38
2.40
2.46
2.52
1.59
1.59
1.60
1.64
1.68
11
12
13
14
15
1.40
1.47
1.56
1.66
1.77
0.932
0.981
1.04
1.10
1.18
2.11
2.16
2.21
2.26
2.31
1.41
1.44
1.47
1.50
1.54
1.54
1.62
1.72
1.82
1.94
1.03
1.08
1.14
1.21
1.29
2.34
2.40
2.46
2.52
2.58
1.56
1.60
1.63
1.68
1.72
1.69
1.78
1.88
2.00
2.14
1.12
1.18
1.25
1.33
1.42
2.58
2.65
2.72
2.79
2.86
1.72
1.76
1.81
1.86
1.91
16
17
18
19
20
1.89
2.04
2.20
2.39
2.61
1.26
1.36
1.46
1.59
1.73
2.37
2.42
2.48
2.55
2.62
1.57
1.61
1.65
1.70
1.74
2.08
2.24
2.42
2.63
2.87
1.39
1.49
1.61
1.75
1.91
2.65
2.72
2.80
2.88
2.96
1.76
1.81
1.86
1.91
1.97
2.29
2.47
2.67
2.91
3.17
1.53
1.64
1.78
1.93
2.11
2.95
3.03
3.12
3.22
3.32
1.96
2.02
2.08
2.14
2.21
22
24
26
28
30
3.14
3.74
4.39
5.09
5.84
2.09
2.49
2.92
3.39
3.89
2.76
2.93
3.11
3.38
3.67
1.84
1.95
2.07
2.25
2.44
3.46
4.12
4.83
5.60
6.43
2.30
2.74
3.21
3.73
4.28
3.15
3.36
3.64
4.00
4.36
2.09
2.23
2.42
2.66
2.90
3.83
4.56
5.35
6.21
7.12
2.55
3.03
3.56
4.13
4.74
3.54
3.80
4.24
4.67
5.10
2.36
2.53
2.82
3.11
3.39
32
34
36
38
40
6.65
7.50
8.41
9.37
10.4
4.42
4.99
5.60
6.24
6.91
3.97
2.64
7.32
4.87
4.72
4.26
2.84
8.26
5.50
5.07
4.56
3.03
9.26
6.16
5.43
4.85
3.22
10.3
6.86
5.78
5.14
3.42
11.4
7.61
6.14
3.14
3.38
3.61
3.85
4.08
8.11
9.15
10.3
11.4
12.7
5.39
6.09
6.83
7.60
8.43
5.53
5.96
6.38
6.81
7.23
3.68
3.96
4.25
4.53
4.81
Design

W14
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
6.12
4.07
6.77
4.50
7.43
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.07
0.712
1.18
0.784
1.28
0.855
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.39
0.926
1.53
1.02
1.67
1.11
r y , in.
4.94
2.44
2.44
2.44
2.48
2.48
2.46

IV-84
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W14
W14
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
48c
53
61
3
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.69
1.79
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.65
1.10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
3.15
2.09
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.85
1.23
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
3.50
2.33
6
7
8
9
10
1.56
1.61
1.66
1.73
1.80
1.04
1.07
1.11
1.15
1.20
2.69
2.69
2.71
2.78
2.85
1.79
1.79
1.81
1.85
1.90
1.88
1.98
2.09
2.22
2.39
1.25
1.31
1.39
1.48
1.59
3.15
3.25
3.35
3.46
3.58
2.10
2.16
2.23
2.31
2.38
2.09
2.19
2.32
2.47
2.65
1.39
1.46
1.54
1.64
1.76
3.50
3.62
3.74
3.88
4.02
2.33
2.41
2.49
2.58
2.67
11
12
13
14
15
1.89
1.99
2.11
2.24
2.40
1.26
1.33
1.40
1.49
1.60
2.93
3.01
3.09
3.18
3.28
1.95
2.00
2.06
2.12
2.18
2.58
2.81
3.08
3.41
3.80
1.72
1.87
2.05
2.27
2.53
3.71
3.85
3.99
4.15
4.32
2.47
2.56
2.66
2.76
2.88
2.87
3.13
3.44
3.80
4.24
1.91
2.08
2.29
2.53
2.82
4.17
4.34
4.52
4.71
4.92
2.78
2.89
3.01
3.14
3.28
16
17
18
19
20
2.57
2.77
3.00
3.27
3.57
1.71
1.85
2.00
2.18
2.38
3.38
3.49
3.60
3.72
3.85
2.25
2.32
2.39
2.48
2.56
4.26
4.81
5.40
6.01
6.66
2.84
3.20
3.59
4.00
4.43
4.51
4.71
4.94
5.28
5.67
3.00
3.14
3.28
3.51
3.77
4.77
5.38
6.03
6.72
7.45
3.17
3.58
4.01
4.47
4.96
5.16
5.41
5.79
6.26
6.74
3.43
3.60
3.85
4.17
4.48
22
24
26
28
30
4.32
5.14
6.03
6.99
8.02
2.87
3.42
4.01
4.65
5.34
4.14
4.59
5.13
5.66
6.20
2.75
3.05
3.41
3.77
4.13
8.06
9.60
11.3
13.1
15.0
5.36
6.38
7.49
8.69
9.98
6.44
7.22
7.99
8.76
9.53
4.29
4.80
5.32
5.83
6.34
9.01
10.7
12.6
14.6
16.8
6.00
7.14
8.38
9.72
11.2
7.69
8.64
9.59
10.5
11.5
5.12
5.75
6.38
7.01
7.65
32
34
36
38
40
9.13
10.3
11.6
12.9
14.3
6.07
6.86
7.69
8.57
9.49
6.74
4.48
17.1
11.3
10.3
7.27
4.84
7.81
5.20
8.34
5.55
8.87
5.90
6.85
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
8.36
5.56
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.44
0.955
1.65
1.10
1.82
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.86
1.24
2.14
1.42
2.36
r y , in.
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.44
0.955
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
12.5
8.29
14.0
9.30
1.21
1.58
2.44
3.07
3.06
2.45
1.92
1.91


IV-85
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W14
Shape
38c
43
b x 10
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.11
1.40
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
3.94
2.62
6
7
8
9
10
2.38
2.49
2.63
2.79
2.99
1.59
1.66
1.75
1.86
1.99
3.96
4.10
4.25
4.41
4.58
11
12
13
14
15
3.24
3.54
3.90
4.32
4.83
2.16
2.36
2.59
2.88
3.21
16
17
18
19
20
5.45
6.15
6.90
7.68
8.51
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Design

W14
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
-1
34c
b x 10
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.43
1.61
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
4.46
2.96
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.78
1.85
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
5.02
3.34
2.63
2.72
2.82
2.93
3.05
2.89
3.08
3.33
3.64
4.06
1.92
2.05
2.22
2.42
2.70
4.70
4.92
5.16
5.43
5.72
3.12
3.27
3.43
3.61
3.81
3.31
3.53
3.81
4.17
4.62
2.20
2.35
2.54
2.78
3.08
5.32
5.58
5.87
6.20
6.56
3.54
3.71
3.91
4.12
4.36
4.77
4.97
5.19
5.44
5.70
3.17
3.31
3.45
3.62
3.79
4.57
5.21
6.02
6.98
8.01
3.04
3.47
4.00
4.64
5.33
6.05
6.42
6.84
7.42
8.26
4.03
4.27
4.55
4.94
5.50
5.21
5.96
6.92
8.02
9.21
3.47
3.97
4.60
5.34
6.13
6.96
7.42
7.94
8.85
9.89
4.63
4.94
5.28
5.89
6.58
3.63
4.09
4.59
5.11
5.66
6.00
6.37
6.95
7.53
8.12
3.99
4.24
4.62
5.01
5.40
9.11
10.3
11.5
12.9
14.2
6.06
6.85
7.68
8.55
9.48
9.12
9.99
10.9
11.8
12.6
6.07
6.65
7.23
7.82
8.41
10.5
11.8
13.3
14.8
16.4
6.97
7.87
8.82
9.83
10.9
11.0
12.0
13.1
14.2
15.3
7.29
8.01
8.73
9.47
10.2
9.39
10.3
11.3
12.3
13.3
6.25
6.85
7.49
8.16
8.85
8.71
9.31
9.90
10.5
11.1
5.80
6.19
6.59
6.99
7.39
15.7
17.2
18.8
20.5
22.3
13.5
14.4
15.3
16.2
17.1
9.00
9.60
10.2
10.8
11.4
18.0
19.8
21.6
23.6
25.6
12.0
13.2
14.4
15.7
17.0
16.5
17.6
18.7
19.8
21.0
11.0
11.7
12.4
13.2
13.9
14.4
15.5
16.7
17.9
19.2
9.57
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.7
11.7
7.78
12.3
8.18
12.9
8.58
13.5
8.98
14.1
9.37
15.8
10.5
22.6
15.1
25.9
t y 103 (kips)-1
2.04
1.36
2.29
1.53
2.57
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.65
1.76
2.98
1.98
3.33
r y , in.
b x 103
-1
p 10
-1
10.4
11.5
12.5
13.6
14.8
-1
17.2
1.71
2.22
3.08
3.79
3.81
1.89
1.55
1.53


IV-86
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W14
W14
Shape
c,f
26c,v
30
b x 10
p 10
-1
22c,v
b x 10
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
3.20
2.13
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
5.92
3.94
6
7
8
9
10
3.83
4.09
4.43
4.86
5.41
2.55
2.72
2.95
3.24
3.60
6.19
6.52
6.88
7.29
7.75
4.12
4.34
4.58
4.85
5.15
5.29
6.05
7.11
8.65
10.7
3.52
4.02
4.73
5.76
7.11
8.20
8.87
9.67
10.6
12.3
5.45
5.90
6.44
7.07
8.16
6.58
7.57
8.97
11.1
13.6
11
12
13
14
15
6.12
7.05
8.24
9.56
11.0
4.07
4.69
5.48
6.36
7.30
8.26
8.85
9.70
11.0
12.3
5.50
5.89
6.45
7.31
8.20
12.9
15.4
18.1
20.9
24.0
8.60
10.2
12.0
13.9
16.0
14.4
16.5
18.7
20.9
23.2
9.55
11.0
12.4
13.9
15.4
16.5
19.7
23.1
26.8
30.7
16
17
18
19
20
12.5
14.1
15.8
17.6
19.5
8.31
9.38
10.5
11.7
13.0
13.7
15.1
16.5
18.0
19.4
9.12
10.0
11.0
12.0
12.9
27.3
30.9
34.6
18.2
20.5
23.0
25.5
27.8
30.1
17.0
18.5
20.0
34.9
39.4
22
24
23.6
28.1
15.7
18.7
22.4
25.4
14.9
16.9
(kips)
ASD LRFD
3.78
2.51
-1
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
6.82
4.54
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
8.25
5.49
p 10
-1
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
(kips)
ASD LRFD
4.65
3.09
4.38
5.03
5.97
7.36
9.08
10.2
11.1
12.2
13.6
16.4
6.76
7.38
8.11
9.05
10.9
11.0
13.1
15.3
17.8
20.4
19.2
22.3
25.4
28.5
31.8
12.8
14.8
16.9
19.0
21.2
23.2
26.2
35.1
38.4
23.3
25.6

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
31.4
20.9
49.5
32.9
62.4
t y 103 (kips)-1
2.90
1.93
3.34
2.22
3.96
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
3.77
2.51
4.33
2.89
5.14
r y , in.
41.5
2.63
3.42
3.85
5.23
5.33
1.49
1.08
1.04
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-87
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W12
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.454 0.302
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.287 0.191
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.510 0.340
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.314 0.209
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.570 0.379
6
7
8
9
10
0.271
0.275
0.279
0.285
0.291
0.180
0.183
0.186
0.190
0.194
0.454
0.454
0.454
0.454
0.454
0.302
0.302
0.302
0.302
0.302
0.299
0.304
0.309
0.316
0.323
0.199
0.202
0.206
0.210
0.215
0.510
0.510
0.510
0.510
0.510
0.340
0.340
0.340
0.340
0.340
0.328
0.333
0.339
0.346
0.354
0.218
0.221
0.225
0.230
0.235
0.570
0.570
0.570
0.570
0.570
0.379
0.379
0.379
0.379
0.379
11
12
13
14
15
0.298
0.306
0.315
0.325
0.335
0.198
0.204
0.209
0.216
0.223
0.455
0.457
0.459
0.461
0.463
0.303
0.304
0.305
0.307
0.308
0.331
0.340
0.350
0.361
0.374
0.220
0.226
0.233
0.240
0.249
0.511
0.514
0.516
0.518
0.521
0.340
0.342
0.343
0.345
0.347
0.363
0.373
0.384
0.397
0.411
0.241
0.248
0.256
0.264
0.273
0.571
0.574
0.577
0.580
0.583
0.380
0.382
0.384
0.386
0.388
16
17
18
19
20
0.348
0.361
0.375
0.392
0.409
0.231
0.240
0.250
0.261
0.272
0.465
0.467
0.469
0.471
0.473
0.309
0.311
0.312
0.313
0.315
0.387
0.403
0.419
0.438
0.458
0.258
0.268
0.279
0.291
0.305
0.523
0.526
0.528
0.531
0.533
0.348
0.350
0.351
0.353
0.355
0.426
0.444
0.462
0.483
0.507
0.284
0.295
0.308
0.322
0.337
0.586
0.589
0.592
0.595
0.598
0.390
0.392
0.394
0.396
0.398
22
24
26
28
30
0.450
0.500
0.560
0.633
0.724
0.300
0.333
0.373
0.421
0.482
0.477
0.481
0.485
0.490
0.494
0.317
0.320
0.323
0.326
0.329
0.506
0.563
0.633
0.719
0.824
0.337
0.375
0.421
0.478
0.548
0.538
0.544
0.549
0.555
0.560
0.358
0.362
0.365
0.369
0.373
0.560
0.626
0.705
0.803
0.922
0.373
0.416
0.469
0.534
0.613
0.604
0.611
0.617
0.624
0.631
0.402
0.406
0.411
0.415
0.420
32
34
36
38
40
0.824
0.930
1.04
1.16
1.29
0.548
0.619
0.694
0.773
0.856
0.499 0.332 0.937 0.624 0.566

0.503 0.335 1.06
0.704 0.572
0.508 0.338 1.19
0.789 0.578
0.513 0.341 1.32
0.879 0.584
0.518 0.344 1.46
0.974 0.590
0.376
0.380
0.384
0.388
0.392
1.05
1.18
1.33
1.48
1.64
0.698
0.788
0.883
0.984
1.09
0.638
0.645
0.652
0.660
0.667
0.424
0.429
0.434
0.439
0.444
-1
279h
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.260 0.173
Design

305h
336
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.00
0.665
1.12
0.747
1.25
0.829
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.260
0.173
0.287
0.191
0.314
0.209
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.337
0.225
0.372
0.248
0.407
r y , in.
h
W12
0.271
1.85
1.84
1.82
3.47
3.42
3.38

IV-88
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W12
W12
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.640 0.426
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.380 0.252
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.710 0.472
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.416 0.277
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
0.788 0.524
6
7
8
9
10
0.362
0.368
0.375
0.383
0.392
0.241
0.245
0.250
0.255
0.261
0.640
0.640
0.640
0.640
0.640
0.426
0.426
0.426
0.426
0.426
0.397
0.403
0.411
0.420
0.430
0.264
0.268
0.274
0.279
0.286
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.435
0.442
0.451
0.461
0.472
0.290
0.294
0.300
0.307
0.314
0.788
0.788
0.788
0.788
0.788
0.524
0.524
0.524
0.524
0.524
11
12
13
14
15
0.402
0.414
0.427
0.441
0.457
0.268
0.275
0.284
0.293
0.304
0.643
0.646
0.650
0.653
0.657
0.428
0.430
0.432
0.435
0.437
0.441
0.454
0.469
0.485
0.503
0.294
0.302
0.312
0.323
0.334
0.713
0.717
0.722
0.726
0.730
0.474
0.477
0.480
0.483
0.486
0.485
0.499
0.515
0.533
0.554
0.323
0.332
0.343
0.355
0.368
0.792
0.797
0.802
0.807
0.813
0.527
0.530
0.534
0.537
0.541
16
17
18
19
20
0.475
0.494
0.516
0.540
0.566
0.316
0.329
0.343
0.359
0.377
0.661
0.665
0.668
0.672
0.676
0.440
0.442
0.445
0.447
0.450
0.523
0.545
0.569
0.596
0.626
0.348
0.362
0.378
0.396
0.416
0.735
0.739
0.744
0.749
0.753
0.489
0.492
0.495
0.498
0.501
0.576
0.600
0.628
0.658
0.692
0.383
0.400
0.418
0.438
0.460
0.818
0.824
0.829
0.835
0.841
0.544
0.548
0.552
0.556
0.559
22
24
26
28
30
0.628
0.703
0.795
0.909
1.04
0.418
0.468
0.529
0.605
0.694
0.684
0.692
0.700
0.709
0.717
0.455
0.460
0.466
0.471
0.477
0.695
0.779
0.883
1.01
1.16
0.462
0.519
0.588
0.674
0.773
0.763
0.773
0.783
0.793
0.804
0.508
0.514
0.521
0.528
0.535
0.770
0.865
0.982
1.13
1.30
0.512
0.576
0.654
0.752
0.863
0.853
0.865
0.877
0.890
0.903
0.567
0.575
0.584
0.592
0.601
32
34
36
38
40
1.19
1.34
1.50
1.67
1.85
0.790
0.891
0.999
1.11
1.23
0.726 0.483 1.32

0.880 0.815
0.735 0.489 1.49
0.993 0.826
0.744 0.495 1.67
1.11
0.838
0.754 0.502 1.87
1.24
0.850
0.764 0.508 2.07
1.37
0.862
0.542
0.550
0.557
0.565
0.573
1.48
1.67
1.87
2.08
2.31
0.982
1.11
1.24
1.38
1.53
0.917
0.931
0.946
0.960
0.976
0.610
0.619
0.629
0.639
0.649
-1
210
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.347 0.231
Design

230h
252
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.40
0.930
1.55
1.03
1.72
1.15
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.347
0.231
0.380
0.252
0.416
0.277
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.450
0.300
0.492
0.328
0.539
r y , in.
h
Fy = 65 ksi
0.360
1.81
1.80
1.80
3.34
3.31
3.28

IV-89
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W12
Shape
190
170
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.881 0.586
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.514 0.342
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
0.997 0.663
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.575 0.382
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
1.13
0.750
6
7
8
9
10
0.481
0.489
0.498
0.510
0.522
0.320
0.325
0.332
0.339
0.347
0.881
0.881
0.881
0.881
0.881
0.586
0.586
0.586
0.586
0.586
0.539
0.548
0.559
0.572
0.586
0.359
0.365
0.372
0.380
0.390
0.997
0.997
0.997
0.997
0.997
0.663
0.663
0.663
0.663
0.663
0.603
0.614
0.626
0.641
0.658
0.401
0.408
0.417
0.426
0.437
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.751
11
12
13
14
15
0.537
0.553
0.571
0.591
0.614
0.357
0.368
0.380
0.394
0.409
0.887
0.893
0.900
0.906
0.913
0.590
0.594
0.599
0.603
0.607
0.603
0.621
0.642
0.666
0.692
0.401
0.413
0.427
0.443
0.460
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
0.668
0.674
0.679
0.685
0.691
0.676
0.698
0.721
0.748
0.778
0.450
0.464
0.480
0.498
0.518
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
0.758
0.765
0.772
0.779
0.786
16
17
18
19
20
0.639
0.667
0.698
0.732
0.770
0.425
0.444
0.465
0.487
0.513
0.920
0.927
0.934
0.941
0.948
0.612
0.617
0.621
0.626
0.631
0.720
0.753
0.788
0.828
0.871
0.479
0.501
0.524
0.551
0.580
1.05
1.06
1.06
1.07
1.08
0.696
0.702
0.708
0.714
0.720
0.811
0.848
0.889
0.934
0.984
0.540
0.564
0.591
0.621
0.655
1.19
1.20
1.22
1.23
1.24
0.793
0.801
0.809
0.816
0.824
22
24
26
28
30
0.859
0.968
1.10
1.27
1.46
0.572
0.644
0.733
0.845
0.970
0.963
0.978
0.994
1.01
1.03
0.641
0.651
0.661
0.672
0.683
0.973
1.10
1.25
1.45
1.66
0.648
0.731
0.835
0.964
1.11
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
0.733
0.746
0.759
0.773
0.788
1.10
1.25
1.43
1.65
1.90
0.733
0.830
0.949
1.10
1.26
1.26
1.29
1.32
1.34
1.37
0.841
0.858
0.875
0.894
0.913
32
34
36
38
40
1.66
1.87
2.10
2.34
2.59
1.10
1.25
1.40
1.56
1.72
1.04
0.695 1.89
1.26
1.21
1.06
0.707 2.14
1.42
1.23
1.08
0.719 2.39
1.59
1.26
1.10
0.732 2.67
1.78
1.28
1.12
0.745 2.96
1.97
1.31
0.803
0.819
0.835
0.852
0.870
2.16
2.43
2.73
3.04
3.37
1.43
1.62
1.82
2.02
2.24
1.40
1.43
1.47
1.50
1.54
0.933
0.954
0.976
0.999
1.02
-1
152
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.459 0.305
Design

W12
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
1.92
1.28
2.18
1.45
2.47
1.64
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.459
0.305
0.514
0.342
0.575
0.382
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.595
0.397
0.667
0.444
0.746
r y , in.
0.497
1.79
1.78
1.77
3.25
3.22
3.19

IV-90
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W12
W12
Shape
136
120
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.28
0.852
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.730 0.486
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.47
0.980
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.823 0.548
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
1.67
1.11
6
7
8
9
10
0.676
0.689
0.703
0.720
0.739
0.450
0.458
0.468
0.479
0.491
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
0.852
0.852
0.852
0.852
0.854
0.768
0.782
0.798
0.817
0.839
0.511
0.520
0.531
0.544
0.558
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.48
0.980
0.980
0.980
0.980
0.984
0.867
0.883
0.902
0.923
0.949
0.577
0.587
0.600
0.614
0.631
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.68
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.12
11
12
13
14
15
0.760
0.784
0.812
0.842
0.877
0.506
0.522
0.540
0.560
0.583
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.34
1.35
0.862
0.871
0.880
0.889
0.899
0.864
0.893
0.924
0.960
1.00
0.575
0.594
0.615
0.639
0.665
1.50
1.51
1.53
1.55
1.57
0.995
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
0.977
1.01
1.05
1.09
1.13
0.650
0.672
0.696
0.723
0.753
1.70
1.72
1.75
1.77
1.79
1.13
1.15
1.16
1.18
1.19
16
17
18
19
20
0.915
0.957
1.00
1.06
1.11
0.609
0.637
0.668
0.703
0.741
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.41
1.43
0.908
0.918
0.928
0.938
0.949
1.04
1.09
1.15
1.21
1.28
0.694
0.727
0.764
0.804
0.849
1.59
1.60
1.62
1.64
1.67
1.05
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.11
1.18
1.24
1.30
1.37
1.45
0.787
0.825
0.867
0.913
0.965
1.82
1.84
1.87
1.89
1.92
1.21
1.23
1.24
1.26
1.28
22
24
26
28
30
1.25
1.42
1.63
1.89
2.16
0.832
0.944
1.08
1.25
1.44
1.46
1.49
1.53
1.56
1.60
0.970
0.993
1.02
1.04
1.07
1.44
1.63
1.88
2.18
2.50
0.955
1.09
1.25
1.45
1.66
1.71
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.91
1.14
1.17
1.20
1.23
1.27
1.63
1.86
2.15
2.49
2.86
1.09
1.24
1.43
1.66
1.90
1.98
2.04
2.10
2.17
2.25
1.32
1.36
1.40
1.45
1.50
32
34
36
38
40
2.46
2.78
3.12
3.47
3.85
1.64
1.85
2.07
2.31
2.56
1.64
1.09
2.84
1.89
1.96
1.69
1.12
3.21
2.14
2.02
1.73
1.15
3.60
2.40
2.09
1.78
1.19
4.01
2.67
2.16
1.83
1.22
4.44
2.96
2.23
1.31
1.35
1.39
1.44
1.48
3.25
3.67
4.11
4.58
5.08
2.16
2.44
2.74
3.05
3.38
2.33
2.41
2.50
2.60
2.71
1.55
1.60
1.66
1.73
1.80
-1
106
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.644 0.428
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
2.80
1.86
3.21
2.14
3.65
2.43
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.644
0.428
0.730
0.486
0.823
0.548
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
0.835
0.557
0.947
0.631
1.07
r y , in.
0.712
1.77
1.76
1.76
3.16
3.13
3.11

IV-91
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W12
Shape
96
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.86
1.24
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.00
0.668
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.08
1.38
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.11
0.737
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
2.32
1.54
6
7
8
9
10
0.959
0.977
0.999
1.02
1.05
0.638
0.650
0.664
0.681
0.700
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.88
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.25
1.06
1.08
1.10
1.13
1.16
0.704
0.717
0.733
0.751
0.772
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.09
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.39
1.17
1.19
1.22
1.25
1.28
0.777
0.792
0.810
0.830
0.854
2.32
2.32
2.32
2.32
2.32
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.55
11
12
13
14
15
1.08
1.12
1.16
1.21
1.26
0.721
0.745
0.772
0.803
0.837
1.90
1.93
1.96
1.98
2.01
1.27
1.28
1.30
1.32
1.34
1.20
1.24
1.28
1.33
1.39
0.796
0.823
0.853
0.888
0.926
2.12
2.16
2.19
2.23
2.26
1.41
1.44
1.46
1.48
1.51
1.32
1.37
1.42
1.48
1.54
0.880
0.911
0.945
0.983
1.03
2.36
2.40
2.44
2.49
2.53
1.57
1.60
1.63
1.66
1.69
16
17
18
19
20
1.32
1.38
1.45
1.53
1.62
0.875
0.917
0.965
1.02
1.08
2.04
2.08
2.11
2.14
2.18
1.36
1.38
1.40
1.42
1.45
1.46
1.53
1.61
1.70
1.79
0.968
1.02
1.07
1.13
1.19
2.30
2.34
2.38
2.42
2.46
1.53
1.56
1.58
1.61
1.64
1.61
1.69
1.78
1.88
1.99
1.07
1.13
1.19
1.25
1.33
2.58
2.63
2.68
2.73
2.78
1.72
1.75
1.78
1.82
1.85
22
24
26
28
30
1.82
2.08
2.41
2.79
3.20
1.21
1.38
1.60
1.86
2.13
2.25
2.32
2.41
2.49
2.59
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.66
1.72
2.03
2.32
2.68
3.11
3.57
1.35
1.54
1.79
2.07
2.38
2.56
2.65
2.76
2.88
3.00
1.70
1.77
1.84
1.91
2.00
2.26
2.58
3.00
3.48
4.00
1.50
1.72
2.00
2.32
2.66
2.90
3.02
3.16
3.31
3.47
1.93
2.01
2.10
2.20
2.31
32
34
36
38
40
3.64
4.11
4.61
5.14
5.69
2.42
2.74
3.07
3.42
3.79
2.69
1.79
4.07
2.71
3.14
2.80
1.87
4.59
3.05
3.29
2.92
1.95
5.15
3.42
3.51
3.09
2.05
5.73
3.81
3.74
3.27
2.18
6.35
4.23
3.97
2.09
2.19
2.33
2.49
2.64
4.55
5.13
5.75
6.41
7.10
3.02
3.41
3.83
4.26
4.73
3.65
3.93
4.21
4.50
4.78
2.43
2.61
2.80
2.99
3.18
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.911 0.606
Design

79f
87
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
4.06
2.70
4.54
3.02
5.09
3.38
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.911
0.606
1.00
0.668
1.11
0.737
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.18
0.788
1.30
0.868
1.44
r y , in.
f
W12
0.958
1.76
1.75
1.75
3.09
3.07
3.05

IV-92
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W12
W12
Shape
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
58
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.22
0.810
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.61
1.74
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.35
0.895
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.99
1.99
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.51
1.01
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
3.17
2.11
6
7
8
9
10
1.28
1.31
1.34
1.37
1.41
0.855
0.871
0.891
0.913
0.939
2.61
2.61
2.61
2.61
2.61
1.74
1.74
1.74
1.74
1.74
1.42
1.45
1.48
1.52
1.56
0.945
0.963
0.985
1.01
1.04
2.99
2.99
2.99
2.99
2.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.74
1.80
1.88
1.09
1.12
1.16
1.20
1.25
3.17
3.17
3.19
3.26
3.34
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.17
2.22
11
12
13
14
15
1.46
1.51
1.56
1.63
1.70
0.969
1.00
1.04
1.08
1.13
2.61
2.66
2.71
2.76
2.81
1.74
1.77
1.80
1.84
1.87
1.61
1.67
1.73
1.81
1.89
1.07
1.11
1.15
1.20
1.25
2.99
2.99
3.04
3.10
3.17
1.99
1.99
2.02
2.06
2.11
1.97
2.07
2.18
2.31
2.46
1.31
1.37
1.45
1.54
1.64
3.42
3.50
3.59
3.68
3.78
2.27
2.33
2.39
2.45
2.51
16
17
18
19
20
1.78
1.87
1.97
2.08
2.20
1.18
1.24
1.31
1.38
1.47
2.87
2.93
2.99
3.05
3.12
1.91
1.95
1.99
2.03
2.07
1.98
2.08
2.19
2.31
2.45
1.31
1.38
1.46
1.54
1.63
3.23
3.30
3.38
3.46
3.54
2.15
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
2.64
2.83
3.06
3.31
3.60
1.75
1.88
2.03
2.20
2.40
3.88
3.99
4.10
4.22
4.35
2.58
2.65
2.73
2.81
2.89
22
24
26
28
30
2.49
2.86
3.32
3.85
4.42
1.66
1.90
2.21
2.56
2.94
3.26
3.41
3.58
3.77
3.98
2.17
2.27
2.38
2.51
2.64
2.78
3.19
3.72
4.31
4.95
1.85
2.12
2.47
2.87
3.29
3.71
3.90
4.11
4.35
4.71
2.47
2.60
2.74
2.90
3.13
4.33
5.15
6.05
7.01
8.05
2.88
3.43
4.02
4.67
5.36
4.63
4.95
5.47
6.02
6.57
3.08
3.29
3.64
4.01
4.37
32
34
36
38
40
5.03
5.68
6.37
7.09
7.86
3.35
3.78
4.24
4.72
5.23
4.29
2.86
5.63
3.75
5.13
4.63
3.08
6.36
4.23
5.55
4.98
3.31
7.13
4.74
5.97
5.32
3.54
7.94
5.28
6.39
5.66
3.76
8.80
5.85
6.81
3.41
3.69
3.98
4.25
4.53
9.16
10.3
11.6
12.9
14.3
6.09
6.88
7.71
8.59
9.52
7.12
7.66
8.21
8.75
9.29
4.74
5.10
5.46
5.82
6.18
Design

65f
72
3
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
5.80
3.86
6.74
4.48
8.43
5.61
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.22
0.810
1.35
0.895
1.51
1.01
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.58
1.05
1.75
1.16
1.96
r y , in.
f
Fy = 65 ksi
1.31
1.75
1.75
2.10
3.04
3.02
2.51

IV-93
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W12
Shape
50
53
b x 10
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.65
1.10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
3.58
2.38
6
7
8
9
10
1.78
1.84
1.90
1.97
2.06
1.19
1.22
1.26
1.31
1.37
3.58
3.58
3.58
3.63
3.72
11
12
13
14
15
2.16
2.27
2.40
2.55
2.72
1.43
1.51
1.60
1.69
1.81
16
17
18
19
20
2.91
3.13
3.39
3.68
4.01
22
24
26
28
30
4.83
5.75
6.75
7.83
8.99
Design

W12
32
34
36
38
40
10.2
11.5
12.9
14.4
16.0
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.76
1.17
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
3.81
2.54
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.96
1.30
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
4.27
2.84
2.38
2.38
2.38
2.42
2.48
2.00
2.10
2.21
2.35
2.51
1.33
1.39
1.47
1.56
1.67
3.81
3.91
4.03
4.15
4.28
2.54
2.60
2.68
2.76
2.85
2.23
2.34
2.47
2.63
2.81
1.49
1.56
1.64
1.75
1.87
4.27
4.39
4.53
4.68
4.84
2.84
2.92
3.02
3.11
3.22
3.82
3.92
4.02
4.13
4.25
2.54
2.61
2.68
2.75
2.83
2.71
2.94
3.21
3.54
3.92
1.80
1.96
2.14
2.35
2.61
4.42
4.57
4.73
4.90
5.08
2.94
3.04
3.14
3.26
3.38
3.03
3.29
3.60
3.97
4.41
2.02
2.19
2.40
2.64
2.93
5.01
5.19
5.38
5.59
5.82
3.33
3.45
3.58
3.72
3.87
1.94
2.08
2.25
2.45
2.67
4.38
4.51
4.65
4.80
4.96
2.91
3.00
3.09
3.19
3.30
4.38
4.94
5.53
6.17
6.83
2.91
3.28
3.68
4.10
4.55
5.27
5.49
5.72
5.96
6.33
3.51
3.65
3.80
3.97
4.21
4.93
5.56
6.23
6.94
7.69
3.28
3.70
4.15
4.62
5.12
6.07
6.34
6.63
7.06
7.58
4.04
4.22
4.41
4.70
5.04
3.22
3.83
4.49
5.21
5.98
5.31
5.81
6.48
7.15
7.81
3.53
3.86
4.31
4.75
5.20
8.27
9.84
11.5
13.4
15.4
5.50
6.55
7.68
8.91
10.2
7.17
8.01
8.84
9.67
10.5
4.77
5.33
5.88
6.44
6.99
9.31
11.1
13.0
15.1
17.3
6.19
7.37
8.65
10.0
11.5
8.62
9.66
10.7
11.7
12.8
5.73
6.43
7.11
7.80
8.48
7.53
19.7
13.1
13.8
9.16
8.48
5.64
17.5
11.6
11.3
9.15
6.09
9.81
6.53
10.5
6.97
11.1
7.41
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
9.68
6.44
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.65
1.10
1.76
1.17
1.96
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.14
1.42
2.28
1.52
2.54
r y , in.
-1
6.80
7.68
8.61
9.59
10.6
-1
45
3
12.9
8.56
14.4
9.60
1.30
1.70
2.11
2.64
2.64
2.48
1.96
1.95

IV-94
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W12
W12
Shape
35c
40
b x 10
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.22
1.48
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
4.81
3.20
6
7
8
9
10
2.50
2.62
2.77
2.95
3.16
1.67
1.75
1.84
1.96
2.10
4.81
4.96
5.13
5.31
5.50
11
12
13
14
15
3.41
3.71
4.06
4.48
4.98
2.27
2.47
2.70
2.98
3.31
16
17
18
19
20
5.57
6.29
7.05
7.85
8.70
3.71
4.18
4.69
5.23
5.79
Design
0

Fy = 65 ksi
-1
30c
b x 10
p 10
b x 103
-1
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.58
1.71
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
5.35
3.56
(kips)
ASD LRFD
3.12
2.08
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
6.36
4.23
3.20
3.30
3.41
3.53
3.66
3.09
3.31
3.61
3.98
4.44
2.06
2.20
2.40
2.65
2.96
5.64
5.89
6.18
6.48
6.82
3.75
3.92
4.11
4.31
4.54
3.74
4.00
4.33
4.75
5.29
2.49
2.66
2.88
3.16
3.52
6.74
7.07
7.43
7.84
8.28
4.48
4.70
4.95
5.21
5.51
5.71
5.94
6.18
6.44
6.73
3.80
3.95
4.11
4.28
4.47
5.01
5.73
6.63
7.69
8.82
3.34
3.81
4.41
5.11
5.87
7.20
7.63
8.10
8.65
9.60
4.79
5.07
5.39
5.76
6.39
5.99
6.86
7.97
9.25
10.6
3.98
4.56
5.30
6.15
7.06
8.79
9.36
10.0
11.1
12.4
5.85
6.22
6.65
7.41
8.26
7.04
7.38
7.87
8.52
9.16
4.68
4.91
5.24
5.67
6.10
10.0
11.3
12.7
14.2
15.7
6.68
7.54
8.45
9.42
10.4
10.6
11.5
12.5
13.4
14.4
7.02
7.66
8.30
8.94
9.59
12.1
13.6
15.3
17.0
18.9
8.04
9.07
10.2
11.3
12.6
13.7
15.0
16.4
17.7
19.0
9.13
10.0
10.9
11.8
12.7
19.0
22.6
12.6
15.0
16.3
18.3
22.8
27.2
15.2
18.1
21.7
24.4
14.5
16.3
22
24
26
28
30
10.5
12.5
14.7
17.1
19.6
7.01
8.34
9.79
11.3
13.0
10.5
11.8
13.1
14.4
15.7
6.96
7.83
8.69
9.56
10.4
32
22.3
14.8
16.9
11.3
-1
10.9
12.2

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
16.3
10.9
23.8
15.9
28.7
t y 103 (kips)-1
2.20
1.46
2.49
1.66
2.92
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.85
1.90
3.24
2.16
3.79
r y , in.
19.1
1.94
2.53
2.64
3.41
3.43
1.94
1.54
1.52


IV-95
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W12
Shape
c,f
b x 10
p 10
b x 10
p 10
b x 103
(kips)
ASD LRFD
4.34
2.89
1
2
3
4
5
3.70
3.76
3.85
3.98
4.17
2.46
2.50
2.56
2.65
2.77
7.48
7.48
7.48
7.48
7.48
4.97
4.97
4.97
4.97
4.98
4.40
4.60
4.96
5.54
6.44
2.93
3.06
3.30
3.69
4.28
9.35
9.35
9.63
10.5
11.4
6.22
6.22
6.41
6.96
7.61
5.31
5.55
6.00
6.71
7.83
3.53
3.70
3.99
4.47
5.21
11.1
11.1
11.5
12.6
13.9
6
7
8
9
10
4.40
4.71
5.09
5.57
6.19
2.93
3.13
3.39
3.71
4.12
7.85
8.25
8.71
9.21
9.78
5.22
5.49
5.79
6.13
6.50
7.87
10.1
13.2
16.7
20.6
5.23
6.70
8.75
11.1
13.7
12.6
14.1
16.3
19.6
23.0
8.40
9.38
10.8
13.0
15.3
9.59
12.5
16.3
20.6
25.5
6.38
8.30
10.8
13.7
16.9
15.5
17.5
21.2
25.7
30.4
10.3
11.7
14.1
17.1
20.2
11
12
13
14
15
6.97
7.97
9.28
10.8
12.4
4.63
5.30
6.18
7.16
8.22
10.4
11.1
12.2
13.8
15.4
6.93
7.42
8.12
9.19
10.3
24.9
29.6
34.7
40.3
16.6
19.7
23.1
26.8
26.5
30.0
33.5
37.1
17.6
20.0
22.3
24.7
30.8
36.7
43.0
20.5
24.4
28.6
35.2
40.1
45.1
23.4
26.7
30.0
16
17
18
19
20
14.1
15.9
17.8
19.8
22.0
9.36
10.6
11.8
13.2
14.6
17.1
18.8
20.6
22.3
24.1
11.4
12.5
13.7
14.9
16.0
21
22
23
24
25
24.2
26.6
29.1
31.6
34.3
16.1
17.7
19.3
21.0
22.8
25.9
17.2
27.7
18.4
29.5
19.6
31.3
20.8
33.1
22.0
22.8
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
7.48
4.97
34.3
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
3.69
2.45
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
-1
19c
3
-1
Design

22c
26
3
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
9.35
6.22
74.9
49.8
-1
(kips)
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
5.23
3.48 11.1
7.38
92.0
7.38
7.38
7.67
8.38
9.25
61.2
t y 103 (kips)-1
3.36
2.23
3.96
2.64
4.61
3.07
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
4.36
2.90
5.14
3.43
5.98
3.99
r y , in.
c
W12
3.42
5.79
5.86
1.51
0.848
0.822

IV-96
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W12
W12
Shape
c,v
14c,f,v
16
b x 10
p 10
-1
Design
Fy = 65 ksi
(kip-ft)
ASD
LRFD
13.6
9.07
ASD
6.43
LRFD
4.28
1
2
3
4
5
6.53
6.85
7.43
8.39
9.94
4.34
4.56
4.95
5.59
6.61
13.6
13.6
14.4
15.9
17.8
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD
LRFD
16.1
10.7
p 10
-1
(kips)
(kips)
ASD
7.57
LRFD
5.03
9.07
9.07
9.59
10.6
11.8
7.68
8.06
8.75
9.90
11.7
5.11
5.36
5.82
6.58
7.82
16.1
16.1
16.8
18.6
20.9
10.7
10.7
11.2
12.4
13.9
6
7
8
9
10
12.5
16.7
21.8
27.6
34.0
8.30
11.1
14.5
18.3
22.6
20.1
23.4
29.5
36.1
42.9
13.4
15.5
19.6
24.0
28.5
14.8
19.9
26.0
32.9
40.6
9.86
13.2
17.3
21.9
27.0
23.8
28.7
36.4
44.6
53.3
15.8
19.1
24.2
29.7
35.5
11
12
41.2
49.0
27.4
32.6
50.0
57.2
33.3
38.1
49.1
58.5
32.7
38.9
62.4
71.8
41.5
47.8

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
121
80.8
149
t y 103 (kips)-1
5.45
3.63
6.18
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
7.08
4.72
8.01
r y , in.
99.3
4.11
5.34
6.04
6.14
0.773
0.753
v = 0.90 and v = 1.67.

IV-97
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W10
Shape
112
100
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
1.86
1.24
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.877 0.583
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.11
1.40
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.988 0.657
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
2.43
1.61
6
7
8
9
10
0.836
0.857
0.882
0.911
0.945
0.556
0.570
0.587
0.606
0.629
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.25
1.26
0.941
0.965
0.993
1.03
1.07
0.626
0.642
0.661
0.683
0.709
2.11
2.11
2.11
2.13
2.15
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.41
1.43
1.06
1.09
1.12
1.16
1.20
0.706
0.724
0.746
0.772
0.801
2.43
2.43
2.43
2.45
2.48
1.61
1.61
1.61
1.63
1.65
11
12
13
14
15
0.983
1.03
1.08
1.13
1.20
0.654
0.684
0.717
0.755
0.798
1.91
1.93
1.95
1.97
1.99
1.27
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.33
1.11
1.16
1.22
1.28
1.36
0.739
0.772
0.811
0.855
0.905
2.17
2.20
2.22
2.25
2.28
1.45
1.46
1.48
1.50
1.51
1.26
1.31
1.38
1.46
1.54
0.835
0.874
0.919
0.969
1.03
2.51
2.55
2.58
2.61
2.65
1.67
1.69
1.72
1.74
1.76
16
17
18
19
20
1.27
1.35
1.45
1.55
1.67
0.846
0.901
0.963
1.03
1.11
2.01
2.04
2.06
2.08
2.10
1.34
1.35
1.37
1.38
1.40
1.44
1.54
1.65
1.77
1.91
0.961
1.02
1.10
1.18
1.27
2.30
2.33
2.36
2.39
2.42
1.53
1.55
1.57
1.59
1.61
1.64
1.75
1.88
2.02
2.18
1.09
1.16
1.25
1.34
1.45
2.68
2.72
2.76
2.80
2.84
1.79
1.81
1.84
1.86
1.89
22
24
26
28
30
1.96
2.34
2.74
3.18
3.65
1.31
1.55
1.82
2.11
2.43
2.15
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.36
1.43
1.46
1.50
1.53
1.57
2.25
2.68
3.15
3.65
4.19
1.50
1.78
2.09
2.43
2.79
2.48
2.54
2.61
2.68
2.76
1.65
1.69
1.74
1.79
1.84
2.58
3.07
3.60
4.18
4.79
1.72
2.04
2.40
2.78
3.19
2.92
3.01
3.11
3.21
3.31
1.94
2.00
2.07
2.13
2.21
32
34
36
38
40
4.15
4.69
5.25
5.85
6.49
2.76
3.12
3.50
3.90
4.32
2.42
1.61
4.77
3.17
2.84
2.48
1.65
5.38
3.58
2.93
2.55
1.70
6.03
4.01
3.02
2.62
1.74
6.72
4.47
3.11
2.69
1.79
7.45
4.96
3.22
1.89
1.95
2.01
2.07
2.14
5.46
6.16
6.90
7.69
8.52
3.63
4.10
4.59
5.12
5.67
3.43
3.55
3.69
3.83
3.99
2.28
2.36
2.45
2.55
2.65
-1
88
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
0.781 0.520
Design

W10
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
3.96
2.63
4.49
2.99
5.16
3.43
t y 103 (kips)-1
0.781
0.520
0.877
0.583
0.988
0.657
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.01
0.675
1.14
0.758
1.28
r y , in.
0.855
1.75
1.74
1.71
2.68
2.65
2.63

IV-98
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W10
W10
Shape
77
68
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
60
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.13
0.753
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
2.81
1.87
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.29
0.859
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
3.21
2.14
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.45
0.966
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
3.67
2.44
6
7
8
9
10
1.22
1.25
1.29
1.33
1.39
0.810
0.832
0.857
0.887
0.922
2.81
2.81
2.81
2.85
2.89
1.87
1.87
1.87
1.89
1.92
1.39
1.43
1.47
1.52
1.58
0.924
0.949
0.979
1.01
1.05
3.21
3.21
3.21
3.26
3.32
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.17
2.21
1.56
1.61
1.66
1.72
1.79
1.04
1.07
1.10
1.14
1.19
3.67
3.67
3.68
3.74
3.81
2.44
2.44
2.45
2.49
2.54
11
12
13
14
15
1.45
1.51
1.59
1.68
1.78
0.962
1.01
1.06
1.12
1.19
2.93
2.97
3.02
3.06
3.11
1.95
1.98
2.01
2.04
2.07
1.65
1.73
1.82
1.93
2.04
1.10
1.15
1.21
1.28
1.36
3.37
3.43
3.49
3.55
3.61
2.24
2.28
2.32
2.36
2.40
1.87
1.96
2.06
2.18
2.31
1.24
1.30
1.37
1.45
1.54
3.88
3.96
4.03
4.11
4.19
2.58
2.63
2.68
2.74
2.79
16
17
18
19
20
1.90
2.03
2.18
2.35
2.54
1.26
1.35
1.45
1.56
1.69
3.16
3.21
3.26
3.32
3.37
2.10
2.14
2.17
2.21
2.24
2.18
2.33
2.50
2.70
2.92
1.45
1.55
1.66
1.79
1.94
3.67
3.74
3.81
3.88
3.96
2.44
2.49
2.54
2.58
2.63
2.47
2.64
2.84
3.07
3.33
1.64
1.76
1.89
2.04
2.21
4.28
4.37
4.46
4.56
4.66
2.85
2.91
2.97
3.03
3.10
22
24
26
28
30
3.02
3.60
4.22
4.89
5.62
2.01
2.39
2.81
3.26
3.74
3.49
3.61
3.75
3.89
4.05
2.32
2.40
2.49
2.59
2.70
3.47
4.13
4.85
5.63
6.46
2.31
2.75
3.23
3.74
4.30
4.12
4.29
4.48
4.69
4.91
2.74
2.86
2.98
3.12
3.27
3.97
4.72
5.54
6.42
7.38
2.64
3.14
3.69
4.27
4.91
4.88
5.12
5.38
5.68
6.07
3.25
3.41
3.58
3.78
4.04
32
34
36
38
40
6.39
7.22
8.09
9.02
9.99
4.25
4.80
5.38
6.00
6.65
4.22
2.81
7.35
4.89
5.16
4.41
2.93
8.30
5.52
5.53
4.64
3.09
9.30
6.19
5.89
4.92
3.27
10.4
6.90
6.25
5.20
3.46
11.5
7.64
6.61
3.43
3.68
3.92
4.16
4.40
8.39
9.47
10.6
11.8
13.1
5.58
6.30
7.07
7.87
8.72
6.55
7.02
7.49
7.96
8.43
4.36
4.67
4.98
5.30
5.61
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
5.97
3.97
6.83
4.55
7.83
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.13
0.753
1.29
0.859
1.45
0.966
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.47
0.979
1.68
1.12
1.88
1.26
r y , in.
5.21
1.73
1.70
1.71
2.60
2.59
2.57

IV-99
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W10
Shape
49f
54
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
45
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
4.13
2.75
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.78
1.19
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
4.66
3.10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.93
1.29
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
4.99
3.32
6
7
8
9
10
1.75
1.80
1.86
1.93
2.00
1.17
1.20
1.24
1.28
1.33
4.13
4.13
4.13
4.20
4.29
2.75
2.75
2.75
2.80
2.85
1.93
1.98
2.04
2.12
2.21
1.28
1.32
1.36
1.41
1.47
4.66
4.66
4.66
4.66
4.75
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.16
2.18
2.28
2.40
2.54
2.71
1.45
1.52
1.60
1.69
1.80
4.99
5.09
5.22
5.35
5.50
3.32
3.38
3.47
3.56
3.66
11
12
13
14
15
2.09
2.20
2.31
2.45
2.60
1.39
1.46
1.54
1.63
1.73
4.38
4.47
4.56
4.66
4.77
2.91
2.97
3.04
3.10
3.17
2.31
2.42
2.55
2.70
2.88
1.53
1.61
1.70
1.80
1.91
4.85
4.96
5.08
5.20
5.32
3.23
3.30
3.38
3.46
3.54
2.91
3.15
3.42
3.75
4.14
1.94
2.09
2.28
2.50
2.75
5.65
5.81
5.98
6.16
6.35
3.76
3.86
3.98
4.10
4.22
16
17
18
19
20
2.78
2.97
3.20
3.46
3.75
1.85
1.98
2.13
2.30
2.49
4.88
4.99
5.11
5.24
5.37
3.25
3.32
3.40
3.49
3.57
3.07
3.29
3.55
3.84
4.17
2.04
2.19
2.36
2.55
2.77
5.46
5.60
5.74
5.90
6.06
3.63
3.72
3.82
3.92
4.03
4.60
5.15
5.78
6.44
7.13
3.06
3.43
3.84
4.28
4.75
6.55
6.76
6.99
7.24
7.51
4.36
4.50
4.65
4.82
4.99
22
24
26
28
30
4.48
5.33
6.25
7.25
8.33
2.98
3.55
4.16
4.83
5.54
5.66
5.97
6.33
6.82
7.42
3.76
3.98
4.21
4.54
4.94
4.99
5.94
6.97
8.08
9.28
3.32
3.95
4.64
5.38
6.17
6.41
6.81
7.31
8.03
8.75
4.27
4.53
4.87
5.35
5.82
8.63
10.3
12.1
14.0
16.0
5.74
6.83
8.02
9.30
10.7
8.15
9.06
9.96
10.9
11.7
5.42
6.03
6.63
7.22
7.82
32
34
36
38
40
9.47
10.7
12.0
13.4
14.8
6.30
7.12
7.98
8.89
9.85
8.01
5.33
10.6
7.03
9.47
8.60
5.72
11.9
7.93 10.2
9.19
6.11
13.4
8.89 10.9
9.77
6.50
14.9
9.91 11.6
10.4
6.89
16.5
11.0
12.3
6.30
6.77
7.24
7.71
8.18
18.3
12.1
12.6
8.41
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
8.80
5.86
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.63
1.08
1.78
1.19
1.93
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.11
1.41
2.31
1.54
2.51
r y , in.
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.63
1.08
Design

W10
10.1
6.69
13.5
8.98
1.29
1.67
1.72
1.73
2.14
2.56
2.54
2.01

IV-100
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W10
W10
Shape
33f
39
b x 10
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.23
1.49
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
5.86
3.90
6
7
8
9
10
2.53
2.65
2.79
2.96
3.17
1.69
1.76
1.86
1.97
2.11
5.86
6.00
6.17
6.35
6.55
11
12
13
14
15
3.41
3.69
4.03
4.43
4.90
2.27
2.46
2.68
2.95
3.26
16
17
18
19
20
5.46
6.14
6.88
7.67
8.50
3.63
4.09
4.58
5.10
5.66
Design
0

Fy = 65 ksi
-1
30
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.65
1.76
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
7.29
4.85
(kips)
ASD LRFD
2.91
1.93
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
7.49
4.98
3.90
3.99
4.11
4.23
4.36
3.02
3.16
3.34
3.55
3.81
2.01
2.10
2.22
2.36
2.53
7.29
7.29
7.52
7.78
8.05
4.85
4.85
5.01
5.18
5.36
3.78
4.15
4.63
5.25
6.03
2.51
2.76
3.08
3.49
4.01
8.09
8.47
8.89
9.36
9.88
6.75
6.97
7.21
7.46
7.73
4.49
4.64
4.79
4.96
5.14
4.11
4.47
4.89
5.40
6.00
2.73
2.97
3.26
3.59
3.99
8.34
8.66
9.00
9.36
9.76
5.55
5.76
5.99
6.23
6.49
7.02
8.31
9.76
11.3
13.0
4.67
5.53
6.49
7.53
8.64
10.5
11.1
11.8
13.0
14.3
8.01
8.33
8.66
9.03
9.47
5.33
5.54
5.76
6.01
6.30
6.71
7.58
8.49
9.46
10.5
4.47
5.04
5.65
6.30
6.98
10.2
10.7
11.2
12.1
13.0
6.78
7.10
7.44
8.04
8.63
14.8
16.7
18.7
20.8
23.1
9.83
11.1
12.4
13.9
15.4
15.6
16.8
18.1
19.4
20.7
10.4
11.2
12.1
12.9
13.8
27.9
18.6
23.2
15.4
22
24
26
28
30
10.3
12.2
14.4
16.7
19.1
6.84
8.14
9.56
11.1
12.7
10.7
11.9
13.2
14.4
15.6
7.13
7.95
8.77
9.58
10.4
12.7
15.1
17.7
20.6
23.6
8.44
10.0
11.8
13.7
15.7
14.8
16.5
18.3
20.1
21.9
9.82
11.0
12.2
13.4
14.5
32
21.8
14.5
16.8
11.2
26.8
17.9
23.6
15.7
5.38
5.63
5.92
6.23
6.57
6.96
7.39
7.88
8.65
9.50

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
15.9
10.6
20.5
13.7
31.0
20.6
t y 103 (kips)-1
2.23
1.49
2.65
1.76
2.91
1.93
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.90
1.93
3.43
2.29
3.77
2.51
r y , in.
2.17
2.16
3.20
1.98
1.94
1.37

IV-101
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W10
Shape
26
22c
b x 10
p 10
-1
19c
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
p 10
-1
(kips)
ASD LRFD
3.44
2.29
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
8.76
5.83
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
4.11
2.74 10.5
7.01
(kips)
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
4.73
3.15 12.7
8.44
1
2
3
4
5
3.46
3.53
3.65
3.82
4.06
2.30
2.35
2.43
2.54
2.70
8.76
8.76
8.76
8.76
9.08
5.83
5.83
5.83
5.83
6.04
4.14
4.22
4.37
4.58
4.87
2.75
2.81
2.90
3.04
3.24
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
11.0
7.01
7.01
7.01
7.01
7.34
4.80
5.03
5.43
6.09
7.16
3.20
3.34
3.61
4.05
4.76
12.7
12.7
13.0
14.0
15.2
8.44
8.44
8.62
9.30
10.1
6
7
8
9
10
4.41
4.85
5.42
6.15
7.08
2.93
3.23
3.61
4.09
4.71
9.53
10.0
10.6
11.2
11.9
6.34
6.67
7.03
7.44
7.90
5.25
5.78
6.50
7.41
8.58
3.50
3.85
4.32
4.93
5.71
11.6
12.3
13.1
14.0
15.0
7.74
8.20
8.71
9.29
9.95
8.71
11.0
14.3
18.1
22.3
5.80
7.32
9.50
12.0
14.8
16.6
18.3
20.4
24.2
28.2
11.0
12.2
13.6
16.1
18.8
11
12
13
14
15
8.27
9.80
11.5
13.3
15.3
5.50
6.52
7.65
8.88
10.2
12.7
13.5
15.0
16.7
18.4
8.42
9.01
9.96
11.1
12.2
10.1
12.0
14.1
16.4
18.8
6.72
8.00
9.38
10.9
12.5
16.1
17.7
20.1
22.5
25.0
10.7
11.8
13.4
15.0
16.6
27.0
32.1
37.7
43.7
18.0
21.4
25.1
29.1
32.3
36.4
40.5
44.6
21.5
24.2
26.9
29.7
16
17
18
19
20
17.4
19.7
22.1
24.6
27.2
11.6
13.1
14.7
16.3
18.1
20.1
21.8
23.6
25.3
27.0
13.4
14.5
15.7
16.8
18.0
21.4
24.1
27.0
30.1
33.4
14.2
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.2
27.4
29.9
32.4
34.9
37.4
18.2
19.9
21.6
23.2
24.9
21
22
30.0
32.9
20.0
21.9
28.7
30.5
19.1
20.3
36.8
40.4
24.5
26.9
39.9
42.4
26.5
28.2
Design

W10
-1

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
36.5
24.3
44.9
29.9
81.8
t y 103 (kips)-1
3.38
2.25
3.96
2.63
4.57
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
4.38
2.92
5.14
3.42
5.93
r y , in.
54.4
3.04
3.95
3.20
3.21
4.74
1.36
1.33
0.874


IV-102
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W10
W10
Shape
15c
17
b x 10
p 10
-1
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
-1
12c,f
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
5.41
3.60 14.7
9.75
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
6.24
4.15 17.1
11.4
1
2
3
4
5
5.50
5.76
6.24
7.02
8.31
6.34
6.66
7.25
8.21
9.81
3.66
3.83
4.15
4.67
5.53
14.7
14.7
15.1
16.4
17.9
9.75
9.75
10.0
10.9
11.9
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
22.7 15.1
5.61
5.89
6.40
7.24
8.57
22.7
22.7
22.9
25.2
28.1
15.1
15.1
15.2
16.8
18.7
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
8.30
5.52
4.22
4.43
4.82
5.46
6.53
17.1
17.1
17.8
19.5
21.5
11.4
11.4
11.9
13.0
14.3
8.43
8.85
9.62
10.9
12.9
6
7
8
9
10
10.3
13.2
17.2
21.8
26.9
6.83
8.76
11.4
14.5
17.9
19.8
22.1
25.4
30.6
36.0
13.2
14.7
16.9
20.4
23.9
12.3
16.2
21.2
26.8
33.1
8.21
10.8
14.1
17.8
22.0
24.0
27.1
32.8
39.6
46.8
16.0
18.0
21.8
26.4
31.1
16.1
21.5
28.1
35.6
43.9
10.7
14.3
18.7
23.7
29.2
31.7
36.6
46.2
56.5
67.2
21.1
24.4
30.8
37.6
44.7
11
12
13
14
32.5
38.7
45.4
52.7
21.6
25.8
30.2
35.1
41.4
46.8
52.3
57.8
27.5
31.2
34.8
38.5
40.1
47.7
56.0
26.7
31.7
37.2
54.0
61.4
68.8
35.9
40.9
45.8
53.1
63.2
74.2
35.4
42.1
49.4
78.3
89.6
101
52.1
59.6
67.3

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
65.1
119
79.3
168
111
t y 103 (kips)-1
5.15
3.43
5.83
3.88
7.26
4.83
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
6.68
4.45
7.56
5.04
9.42
6.28
r y , in.
c
97.9
4.79
4.88
4.97
0.845
0.810
0.785

IV-103
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W8
Shape
67
58
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
b x 103
-1
p 10
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
3.91
2.60
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.50
1.00
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD
4.58
3.05
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.82
1.21
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
5.59
3.72
6
7
8
9
10
1.46
1.51
1.58
1.67
1.77
0.968
1.01
1.05
1.11
1.18
3.91
3.93
3.98
4.04
4.09
2.60
2.62
2.65
2.69
2.72
1.68
1.75
1.83
1.93
2.05
1.12
1.16
1.22
1.29
1.36
4.58
4.62
4.69
4.76
4.84
3.05
3.07
3.12
3.17
3.22
2.04
2.13
2.23
2.35
2.50
1.36
1.42
1.48
1.57
1.66
5.59
5.65
5.76
5.86
5.98
3.72
3.76
3.83
3.90
3.98
11
12
13
14
15
1.89
2.02
2.18
2.37
2.59
1.25
1.35
1.45
1.58
1.72
4.15
4.21
4.27
4.33
4.39
2.76
2.80
2.84
2.88
2.92
2.19
2.35
2.54
2.76
3.02
1.46
1.56
1.69
1.84
2.01
4.92
5.00
5.08
5.17
5.26
3.27
3.32
3.38
3.44
3.50
2.67
2.87
3.11
3.39
3.71
1.78
1.91
2.07
2.25
2.47
6.10
6.22
6.35
6.48
6.62
4.06
4.14
4.22
4.31
4.40
16
17
18
19
20
2.84
3.14
3.51
3.91
4.33
1.89
2.09
2.33
2.60
2.88
4.46
4.53
4.60
4.67
4.74
2.97
3.01
3.06
3.11
3.16
3.33
3.68
4.12
4.59
5.08
2.21
2.45
2.74
3.05
3.38
5.35
5.45
5.55
5.65
5.76
3.56
3.62
3.69
3.76
3.83
4.10
4.55
5.09
5.67
6.28
2.72
3.02
3.39
3.77
4.18
6.76
6.91
7.07
7.24
7.41
4.50
4.60
4.71
4.82
4.93
22
24
26
28
30
5.24
6.23
7.31
8.48
9.74
3.48
4.15
4.87
5.64
6.48
4.90
5.06
5.24
5.43
5.64
3.26
3.37
3.49
3.61
3.75
6.15
7.32
8.59
9.96
11.4
4.09
4.87
5.71
6.63
7.61
5.98
6.23
6.50
6.79
7.11
3.98
4.14
4.32
4.52
4.73
7.60
9.05
10.6
12.3
14.1
5.06
6.02
7.06
8.19
9.40
7.78
8.20
8.66
9.20
9.92
5.18
5.45
5.76
6.12
6.60
32
34
11.1
12.5
7.37
8.32
5.86
6.10
3.90
4.06
13.0
14.7
8.66
9.77
7.45
7.93
4.96
5.28
16.1
18.2
10.7
12.1
10.6
11.3
7.08
7.55
-1
48
3
(kips)
ASD LRFD
1.30
0.868
Design

W8

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
8.38
5.58
9.82
6.54
t y 103 (kips)-1
1.30
0.868
1.50
1.00
1.82
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
1.69
1.13
1.95
1.30
2.36
1.75
r y , in.
2.12
Note: Heavy line indicates KL /r y greater than or equal to 200.
12.0
7.96
1.21
1.58
1.74
1.74
2.10
2.08

IV-104
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W8
W8
Shape
35f
40
b x 10
p 10
-1
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD
LRFD
7.91
5.27
p 10
-1
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD
LRFD
6.89
4.58
(kips)
ASD
2.49
LRFD
1.66
ASD
2.20
LRFD
1.46
6
7
8
9
10
2.47
2.58
2.71
2.87
3.05
1.64
1.72
1.80
1.91
2.03
6.89
6.99
7.14
7.31
7.48
4.58
4.65
4.75
4.86
4.97
2.81
2.94
3.09
3.26
3.48
1.87
1.95
2.05
2.17
2.31
7.91
8.03
8.24
8.45
8.67
5.27
5.35
5.48
5.62
5.77
11
12
13
14
15
3.27
3.53
3.83
4.18
4.60
2.18
2.35
2.55
2.78
3.06
7.66
7.84
8.04
8.25
8.46
5.09
5.22
5.35
5.49
5.63
3.73
4.02
4.37
4.78
5.27
2.48
2.68
2.91
3.18
3.50
8.91
9.15
9.42
9.70
9.99
5.93
6.09
6.27
6.45
6.65
16
17
18
19
20
5.10
5.69
6.38
7.10
7.87
3.39
3.78
4.24
4.73
5.24
8.69
8.94
9.19
9.46
9.75
5.78
5.95
6.12
6.30
6.49
5.84
6.52
7.31
8.15
9.03
3.88
4.34
4.87
5.42
6.01
10.3
10.6
11.0
11.4
11.8
6.86
7.08
7.31
7.57
7.84
22
24
26
28
30
9.52
11.3
13.3
15.4
17.7
6.34
7.54
8.85
10.3
11.8
10.4
11.1
12.2
13.3
14.4
10.9
13.0
15.3
17.7
20.3
7.27
8.65
10.2
11.8
13.5
12.8
14.2
15.6
17.0
18.4
8.50
9.45
10.4
11.3
12.3
32
34
20.1
22.7
13.4
15.1
15.4
16.5
23.1
15.4
19.8
13.2
6.91
7.42
8.14
8.85
9.57
10.3
11.0

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
14.8
9.86
17.1
t y 103 (kips)-1
2.20
1.46
2.49
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
2.85
1.90
3.24
r y , in.
11.4
1.66
2.16
1.73
1.73
2.04
2.03

IV-105
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W8
Shape
28
31
b x 10
p 10
-1
Design

W8
(kip-ft)
ASD
LRFD
9.32
6.20
ASD
2.81
LRFD
1.87
6
7
8
9
10
3.18
3.32
3.49
3.69
3.94
2.11
2.21
2.32
2.46
2.62
9.32
9.32
9.45
9.72
10.0
11
12
13
14
15
4.22
4.56
4.96
5.43
5.99
2.81
3.03
3.30
3.61
3.98
16
17
18
19
20
6.64
7.43
8.33
9.28
10.3
22
24
26
28
30
32
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD
LRFD
10.1
6.70
p 10
-1
(kips)
(kips)
ASD
3.11
LRFD
2.07
6.20
6.20
6.29
6.47
6.66
3.76
4.02
4.35
4.75
5.25
2.50
2.68
2.89
3.16
3.49
10.4
10.7
11.1
11.5
11.9
6.92
7.15
7.39
7.66
7.94
10.3
10.6
11.0
11.3
11.7
6.86
7.07
7.30
7.55
7.81
5.85
6.60
7.52
8.67
9.96
3.89
4.39
5.00
5.77
6.62
12.4
12.9
13.4
14.0
14.6
8.25
8.58
8.93
9.32
9.74
4.42
4.94
5.54
6.18
6.84
12.2
12.6
13.1
13.6
14.2
8.08
8.38
8.71
9.06
9.43
11.3
12.8
14.3
16.0
17.7
7.54
8.51
9.54
10.6
11.8
15.3
16.1
17.4
18.6
19.8
10.2
10.7
11.6
12.4
13.2
12.4
14.8
17.4
20.2
23.1
8.28
9.86
11.6
13.4
15.4
16.0
17.8
19.6
21.4
23.3
10.6
11.8
13.1
14.3
15.5
21.4
25.5
29.9
14.2
17.0
19.9
22.1
24.5
26.9
14.7
16.3
17.9
26.3
17.5
25.1
16.7

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
20.4
13.6
27.1
t y 103 (kips)-1
2.81
1.87
3.11
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
3.65
2.43
4.04
r y , in.
18.1
2.07
2.69
1.72
2.13
2.02
1.62

IV-106
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
W-Shapes
W8
W8
Shape
21
24
b x 10
p 10
-1
b x 10
p 10
b x 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
3.65
3.71
3.81
3.95
4.14
2.43
2.47
2.53
2.63
2.76
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.9
7.91
7.91
7.91
7.91
7.91
4.21
4.32
4.51
4.79
5.17
2.80
2.87
3.00
3.19
3.44
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.5
14.1
8.94
8.94
8.94
8.98
9.41
4.93
5.06
5.30
5.65
6.12
3.28
3.37
3.53
3.76
4.07
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.3
17.1
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.8
11.4
6
7
8
9
10
4.39
4.70
5.09
5.57
6.15
2.92
3.13
3.39
3.70
4.09
12.3
12.8
13.3
13.8
14.4
8.18
8.49
8.82
9.18
9.57
5.69
6.36
7.24
8.39
9.88
3.78
4.23
4.82
5.58
6.57
14.8
15.6
16.5
17.5
18.6
9.88
10.4
11.0
11.6
12.3
6.76
7.61
8.72
10.2
12.1
4.50
5.06
5.80
6.76
8.03
18.1
19.2
20.4
21.8
23.3
12.0
12.8
13.6
14.5
15.5
11
12
13
14
15
6.87
7.76
8.86
10.2
11.7
4.57
5.16
5.89
6.81
7.81
15.0
15.7
16.5
17.3
18.2
9.99
10.4
11.0
11.5
12.1
11.9
14.1
16.6
19.2
22.0
7.89
9.39
11.0
12.8
14.7
19.8
21.2
23.5
26.0
28.5
13.2
14.1
15.7
17.3
18.9
14.6
17.3
20.3
23.6
27.1
9.69
11.5
13.5
15.7
18.0
25.2
28.3
31.8
35.3
38.8
16.7
18.9
21.2
23.5
25.8
16
17
18
19
20
13.4
15.1
16.9
18.8
20.9
8.89
10.0
11.3
12.5
13.9
19.6
21.2
22.9
24.5
26.1
13.0
14.1
15.2
16.3
17.4
25.1
28.3
31.7
35.4
39.2
16.7
18.8
21.1
23.5
26.1
30.9
33.4
35.9
38.3
40.7
20.6
22.2
23.9
25.5
27.1
30.8
34.8
39.0
43.5
48.2
20.5
23.1
26.0
28.9
32.0
42.4
45.9
49.4
52.9
56.4
28.2
30.5
32.9
35.2
37.5
21
22
23
24
25
23.0
25.3
27.6
30.1
32.6
15.3
16.8
18.4
20.0
21.7
27.8
18.5
43.2
28.7
43.2
29.4
19.6
31.0
20.6
32.6
21.7
34.2
22.8
28.7
21.4
-1
p 10
(kips)
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
4.88
3.25 16.1
10.7
32.1
-1
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
4.17
2.78 13.4
8.94
b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
-1
18
3
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
3.63
2.41 11.9
7.91
Design

Fy = 65 ksi
48.2
32.0
-1
58.8
39.1
t y 103 (kips)-1
3.63
2.41
4.17
2.78
4.88
3.25
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
4.71
3.14
5.41
3.61
6.34
4.22
r y , in.
2.12
2.77
2.79
1.61
1.26
1.23

IV-107
Combined Flexure
and Axial Force
Fy = 65 ksi
W-Shapes
W8
Shape
15
b x 10
p 10
-1
Design
10c,f
13
3

W8
-1
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
5.79
3.85 20.2
13.4
1
2
3
4
5
5.89
6.21
6.79
7.70
9.04
b x 10
p 10
-1
-1
(kips)
(kip-ft)
ASD LRFD ASD LRFD
6.69
4.45 24.0
16.0
b x 103
-1
(kip-ft)-1
ASD LRFD
32.4 21.6
6.30
6.61
7.15
8.03
9.39
32.4
32.4
32.4
34.9
38.4
21.6
21.6
21.6
23.2
25.6
p 10
(kips)
ASD LRFD
9.33
6.21
3.92
4.13
4.52
5.12
6.01
20.2
20.2
20.6
22.1
23.9
13.4
13.4
13.7
14.7
15.9
6.82
7.23
7.96
9.11
10.8
4.54
4.81
5.29
6.06
7.20
24.0
24.0
24.8
26.8
29.3
16.0
16.0
16.5
17.9
19.5
9.47
9.93
10.8
12.1
14.1
6
7
8
9
10
11.0
13.9
18.0
22.8
28.1
7.32
9.23
12.0
15.2
18.7
26.1
28.7
31.8
36.9
42.9
17.4
19.1
21.2
24.5
28.5
13.4
17.2
22.5
28.4
35.1
8.91
11.4
14.9
18.9
23.4
32.3
35.9
41.0
49.1
57.4
21.5
23.9
27.3
32.7
38.2
17.4
22.4
29.3
37.1
45.8
11.6
14.9
19.5
24.7
30.4
42.8
48.3
58.8
71.3
84.3
28.5
32.2
39.1
47.4
56.1
11
12
13
14
34.0
40.5
47.5
55.1
22.6
26.9
31.6
36.7
48.9
54.9
60.9
66.9
32.5
36.5
40.5
44.5
42.5
50.6
59.3
68.8
28.3
33.6
39.5
45.8
65.8
74.3
82.7
91.2
43.8
49.4
55.0
60.7
55.4
65.9
77.3
89.7
36.8
43.8
51.5
59.7
97.6
111
125
139
64.9
73.9
83.0
92.2

b y 103 (kip-ft)-1
68.3
127
84.8
t y 103 (kips)-1
5.79
3.85
6.69
4.45
t r 103 (kips)-1
r x /r y
7.51
5.00
8.68
5.79
r y , in.
c
103
177
118
8.68
5.78
11.3
7.50
3.76
3.81
3.83
0.876
0.843
0.841


Steel+Construction+Manual+Design+Examples,+V14 0+part+4+of+4

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DESIGN EXAMPLES

Design Examples V14.0

Design Examples V14.0

EXAMPLES BASED ON THE AISC SPECIFICATION

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................... B-1

DESIGN FOR STABILITY .......................................................................................................C-1

DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR TENSION...............................................................................D-1

W-Shape Tension Member ..........................................................................................................D-2

DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION ................................................................... E-1

W-Shape Column Design with Pinned Ends ............................................................................... E-4

DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR FLEXURE.............................................................................. F-1

Design Examples V14.0

W-Shape Flexural Member Design in Strong-Axis Bending, Braced at Midspan..................... F-12

DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR SHEAR ...................................................................................G-1

W-Shape in Strong-Axis Shear ....................................................................................................G-3

DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMBINED FORCES AND TORSION ............................H-1

W-shape Subject to Combined Compression and Bending

Design Examples V14.0

Round HSS Torsional Strength ..................................................................................................H-17

DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MEMBERS................................................................................... I-1

Composite Beam Design ............................................................................................................... I-8

DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS ...................................................................................................J-1

Fillet Weld in Longitudinal Shear ................................................................................................. J-2

DESIGN OF HSS AND BOX MEMBER CONNECTIONS ...................................................K-1

Welded/Bolted Wide Tee Connection to an HSS Column ...........................................................K-2

Design Examples V14.0

EXAMPLES BASED ON THE AISC STEEL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER IIA SIMPLE SHEAR CONNECTIONS.......................................................................................IIA-1

All-Bolted Double-Angle Connection ...................................................................................... IIA-2

CHAPTER IIB FULLY RESTRAINED (FR) MOMENT CONNECTIONS............................................... IIB-1

Bolted Flange-Plate FR Moment Connection (Beam-to-Column Flange) ............................... IIB-2

Truss Support Connection........................................................................................................ IIC-2

CHAPTER IID MISCELLANEOUS CONNECTIONS .................................................................................. ,ID-1

Prying Action in Tees and in Single Angles ............................................................................ IID-2

PART III. SYSTEM DESIGN EXAMPLES ................................................................. III-1

Design of Selected Members and Lateral Analysis of a Four-Story Building .............................III-2

Part III Example

PART IV. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ..................................................................... IV-1

Design Examples V14.0

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Design Examples V14.0

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EXAMPLE II.D-1 PRYING ACTION IN TEES AND IN SINGLE ANGLES

Design Examples V14.0

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Pa = 13.5 kips + 40 kips

Tensile Yielding of Angles

= 36 ksi 3.56 in.

(Spec. Eq. D2-1)

Try 4-in. fillet welds.

Design Examples V14.0

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From AISC Manual Part 8, Equations 8-2:

(Spec. Eq. D3-1)

= 3.56 in. ( 0.785 )

= 58 ksi 2.79 in.2

(Spec. Eq. D2-2)

= 122 kips > 80.2 kips

Preliminary WT Selection Using Beam Gage

B = rn / = 19.9 kips > 13.4 kips

Design Examples V14.0

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