İNGİLİZCE GRAMER

MODALS TEST
1. When I was younger, I ................ run five kilometres every day, but now I have to take
frequent rests when I try to do the same thing run
a.could b.should be able to c.have got to d. can e. am able to

2.She hasn't eaten anything since yesterday. She .......... be really very hungry now!
a.can b.would c.must d. might e.needn't

3." Why are you late? "

" I ............. my uncle to the bus terminal. There was so much traffic that it took me much
longer than it usually does."
a.had to take b.must have taken c.have got to take d.should have taken e.should take

4." Do you think the teacher will give us a pop quiz today?"
" He .........., but I don't really think so."
a.will b.might c.would d.should e.needs

5." Do I have to take that Math course?"

" No, you ................."
a.haven't b.don' have c.mustn't d. ought to e.needn't

6.You ............. a two-year old child at home alon e. Anything can happen.
a.didn't leave a.mustn't b.don't have to c.needn't leave a.need to

7.He worked hard yesterday, so he................ the project.he

a.could finish b.would have finished c.might finish d.was able to finish e.can finish

8.It's only a little way to the station, so we ............ walk as well.

a.can b.will c.shouldn't d.might e.mustn't

9. Hello Mary! I can't be sure I'll be home in time for dinner. I ..... be late,so don't wait for m
e.
a.may b. will c.should d. must e.should

10." Do you think it was Ali we saw earlier?"

" It .............. but I am not sure."
a.would be b.may have been c.might be d.must have e.could be

11. When I was young, I ............... a sports magazine regularly, but I don't anymore.
a.used to buying b.used to buy c.was used to buy d.get used to buy

12." Ali got the highest grade in the history exam."

"He ............. very hard before the exam."
a.should have studied b.ought to have studied c.must have studied d.might study

Verilen cümleye en yakın anlama sahip olan cümleyi bulup işaretleyiniz.

13. " I am sure she has forgotten something"

a.She must have forgotten something
b.She could have forgotten something.
c.She should have forgotten something
d. She ought to forgotten something.
e.She might have forgotten something.

14.I don't believe it's ten o'clock.

a.It mustn't be ten o'clock.
b.It shouldn't be ten o'clock.
c.It needn't be ten o'clock.
d.It couldn't be ten o'clock.
e.It can't be ten o'clock.

15.She apologised but it wasn't necessary.

a.She didn't need to apologise
b.She needn't have apologised.
c.She must have apologised.
d.She might have apologised.
e.She could have apologised.

16.We didn't call the police because it was unnecessary.

a.We needn't have called the police.
b.We should have called the police.
c.We could have called the police.
d.We can't have called the police.
e. We didn't need to call the police.

17. I was wrong to say that it was your fault.

a. I mustn't have said it.
b.I mightn't have said it.
c.I shouldn't have said it.
d.I didn't need to say it.
e.I can't have said it.

18.He can't have passed his driving test.

a.It was impossible for him to pass his driving test.
b.He shouldn't have passed his driving test.
c.It is not possible for him to pass his driving test.
d.He mustn't have passed his driving test.
e.He mightn't have passed his driving test.

19.A:"What's that noise?" B:"Don't worry.It .............my cat playing in the kitchen."
a.must have been b.must be c.should be d.could have been

20.Look what have you done!You have broken all my glasses.You .........more careful.
a.can have been b.must have been c.would have been d.should have been

21.He was a good swimmer and .................swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
a.could b.was able to c.might d.might be able to

22.My dictionary is not in its usual place; someone ................ it.

a.should be borrowed b.can borrow c.might borrow d.might have borrowed it e. ought
to borrow
23. I .............. travel by couch to İstanbul last week because the airline pilots were on strik e.
a.ought to b.need to c.had to d.am to e.should to

24.You .............. your doctor before you started dieting.

a. might consult b.have to consult c.should have consulted d.have consulted e.have
consulted

25.You ........... wear jeans or trainers at a formal gathering . It wouldn't be right.

a.needn't b.don' have to c.mightn't d.weren't able to e.mustn't

26. Our guests are supposed .......... here before eight o'clock.
a. to be b. was c. been d.being

27." What will you do after school is over."

" I ........... work for a year, but I haven't decided yet.
a.will b.might c.should d.need

28." Did Alper go to the movies last night?"

" Yes, but he ...................have studied at home and studied his lessons."
a.may b.should c.must d.can

29.I would rather ........... to Antalya than Istanbul for my holiday.

a. went c.gone c.going d. go

30." Ali has pictures of Michael Jackson all over his walls."
" He ............ like the singer very much."
a.can b.will c.must d.may

31." There was some cake in the dish, but it's gon e. I wonder what happened to them?"
"I don't know. My younger sister ............ it."
a.had to eat b.ought to have eaten c.might eat d.may have eaten

32." I am absolutely sure that money was not stolen by Peter. Such an honest man as
Peter ...........such a disgraceful thing in any way."
a.couldn't have done b.shouldn't have done c.may not have done d.could not do

33.You shouldn't have walked about the city alone. You .................
a.might get lost b.would have gotten lost c.might have gotten lost d.could get lost
34.The milkman looks like a snowman. It ............ heavily outside.
a.will be snowing b.should be snowing c.may be snowing d.must be snowing

35.It's getting dark , we'd better .......... now or father will get very angry.
a.leave b.left c.will leave d.leaving

36." The cold weather doesn't seem to bother (rahatsiz etmek) you."
" Before I came to Ankara, I ...... live in Kars,which is one of the coldest places in Turkey."
a.would rather live b.would live c.ought to leave d. used to live
37." ......... you close the window, please?"
" Certainly."
a.Will b.May c.Shall d.Do

38." Did you enjoy the opera?"

" It was okay, but I'd rather ............... to the cinema."
a.went b.have gone c.had gone d.go

39.If you don't want to get wet, you had better .....this umbrela with you.
a.take b.to take c.taken d.for taking

40. I know it's none of my busines but I ....... wondering where he gets all his money from.
a. can't help b.can't bear c.can't ask d.can't afford

CÜMLELERİN ANLAMLARINI DEĞİŞTİRMEDEN PARANTEZ İÇERİSİNDE

VERİLEN MODALLAR İLE TEKRAR YAZINIZ
1.It is possible that the phone is out of order. (might)
....................................................................................
2.I am sure he has heard the news. (must)
...................................................................................
3.It is possible that they are having diner now. (could)
.....................................................................................
4.I am sure Tom did not steal the money. (can)
.....................................................................................
5.You don't have to go to school today. (need)
6.I am sure she is at hom e. Her light is on. (must)
7.Perhaps there has been an accident. (might)
8.It was not necessary for you to type the letters. (need)
9.It is impossible that you wrote this composition by yourself. (can)
10.You do not look well.You had better see a doctor. (should)

İNGİLİZCE GRAMER
MODALS TEST
CEVAP ANAHTARI

1. When I was younger, I ................run five kilometres every day, but now I have to take
frequent rests when I try to do the same thing.
Xa.could b.should be able to c.have got to d. can e. am able to

2.She hasn't eaten anything since yesterday. She .......... be really very hungry now!
a.can b.would Xc.must d. might e.needn't

3." Why are you late? "

" I ............. my uncle to the bus terminal. There was so much traffic that it took me much
longer than it usually does."
Xa.had to take b.must have taken c.have got to take d.should have taken e.should take

4." Do you think the teacher will give us a pop quiz today?"
" He .........., but I don't really think so."
a.will Xb.might c.would d.should e.needs

5." Do I have to take that Math course?"

" No, you ................."
a.haven't b.don' have c.mustn't d. ought to Xe.needn't

6.You ............. a two-year old child at home alone. Anything can happen.
a.didn't leave Xa.mustn't b.don't have to c.needn't leave a.need to

7.He worked hard yesterday, so he ................ the project.

a.could finish b.would have finished c.might finish Xd.was able to finish e.can finish

8.It's only a little way to the station, so we ............ walk as well.

Xa.can b.will c.shouldn't d.might e.mustn't

9. Hello Mary! I can't be sure I'll be home in time for dinner. I ..... be late,so don't wait for me.
Xa.may b. will c.should d. must e.should

10." Do you think it was Ali we saw earlier?"

" It .............. but I am not sure."
a.would be X b.may have been c.might be d.must have e.could be

11. When I was young, I ............... a sports magazine regularly, but I don't anymore.
a.used to buying Xb.used to buy c.was used to buy d.get used to buy

12." Ali got the highest grade in the history exam."

"He ............. very hard before the exam."
a.should have studied b.ought to have studied X c.must have studied d.might study

Verilen cümleye en yakýn anlama sahip olan cümleyi bulup işaretleyiniz.

13. " I am sure she has forgotten something"

Xa.She must have forgotten something
b.She could have forgotten something.
c.She should have forgotten something
d. She ought to forgotten something.
e.She might have forgotten something.

14.I don't believe it's ten o'clock.

a.It mustn't be ten o'clock.
b.It shouldn't be ten o'clock.
c.It needn't be ten o'clock.
d.It couldn't be ten o'clock.
Xe.It can't be ten o'clock.

15.She apologised but it wasn't necessary.

a.She didn't need to apologise
Xb.She needn't have apologised.
c.She must have apologised.
d.She might have apologised.
e.She could have apologised.

16.We didn't call the police because it was unnecessary.

a.We needn't have called the police.
b.We should have called the police.
c.We could have called the police.
d.We can't have called the police.
Xe. We didn't need to call the police.

17. I was wrong to say that it was your fault.

a. I mustn't have said it.
b.I mightn't have said it.
Xc.I shouldn't have said it.
d.I didn't need to say it.
e.I can't have said it.

18.He can't have passed his driving test.

Xa.It was impossible for him to pass his driving test.
b.He shouldn't have passed his driving test.
c.It is not possible for him to pass his driving test.
d.He mustn't have passed his driving test.
e.He mightn't have passed his driving test.

19.A:"What's that noise?" B:"Don't worry.It .............my cat playing in the kitchen."
a.must have been X b.must be c.should be d.could have been

20.Look what have you done!You have broken all my glasses.You .........more careful.
a.can have been b.must have been c.would have been Xd.should have been

21.He was a good swimmer and .................swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
a.could X b.was able to c.might d.might be able to

22.My dictionary is not in its usual place; someone ................ it.

a.should be borrowed b.can borrow c.might borrow Xd.might have borrowed it e. ought to
borrow

23. I .............. travel by couch to İstanbul last week because the airline pilots were on strike.
a.ought to b.need to Xc.had to d.am to e.should to

24.You .............. your doctor before you started dieting.

a. might consult b.have to consult X c.should have consulted d.have consulted e.have
consulted

25.You ........... wear jeans or trainers at a formal gathering . It wouldn't be right.

a.needn't b.don' have to c.mightn't d.weren't able to Xe.mustn't

26. Our guests are supposed .......... here before eight o'clock.
Xa. to be b. was c. been d.being
27." What will you do after school is over."
" I ........... work for a year, but I haven't decided yet.
a.will X b.might c.should d.need

28." Did Alper go to the movies last night?"

" Yes, but he ...................have studied at home and studied his lessons."
a.may X b.should c.must d.can

29.I would rather ........... to Antalya than Ýstanbul for my holiday.

a. went c.gone c.going Xd. go

30." Ali has pictures of Michael Jackson all over his walls."
" He ............ like the singer very much."
a.can b.will X c.must d.may

31." There was some cake in the dish, but it's gone. I wonder what happened to them?"
"I don't know. My younger sister ............ it."
a.had to eat b.ought to have eaten c.might eat Xd.may have eaten

32." I am absolutely sure that money was not stolen by Peter. Such an honest man as
Peter ...........such a disgraceful thing in any way."
Xa.couldn't have done b.shouldn't have done c.may not have done d.could not do

33.You shouldn't have walked about the city alone. You .................
a.might get lost b.would have gotten lost Xc.might have gotten lost d.could get lost

34.The milkman looks like a snowman. It ............ heavily outside.

a.will be snowing b.should be snowing c.may be snowing Xd.must be snowing

35.It's getting dark , we'd better .......... now or father will get very angry.
Xa.leave b.left c.will leave d.leaving

36." The cold weather doesn't seem to bother you."

" Before I came to Ankara, I ...... live in Kars,which is one of the coldest places in Turkey."
a.would rather live b.would live c.ought to leave Xd. used to live

37." ......... you close the window, please?"

" Certainly."
Xa.Will b.May c.Shall d.Do

38." Did you enjoy the opera?"

" It was okay, but I'd rather ............... to the cinema."
a.went b.have gone Xc.had gone d.go

39.If you don't want to get wet, you had better .....this umbrela with you.
Xa.take b.to take c.taken d.for taking

40. I know it's none of my busines but I ....... wondering where he gets all his money from.
Xa. can't help b.can't bear c.can't ask d.can't afford
CÜMLELERİN ANLAMLARINI DEĞİŞTİRMEDEN PARANTEZ İÇERİSİNDE
VERİLEN MODALLAR İLE TEKRAR YAZINIZ
1.It is possýble that the phone ýs out of order. (might)
The telephone might be out of order.
2.I am sure he has heard the news. (must)
...He must have heard the news...
3.It is possible that they are having diner now. (could)
........They could be having dinner now.........
4.I am sure Tom did not steal the money. (can)
........Tom can't have stolen the money.............
5.You don't have to go to school today. (need)
............. You needn't go to school today...............
6.I am sure she is at home. Her light is on. (must)
............ She must be at home ................
7.Perhaps there has been an accident. (might)
............There might have been an accident ...............
8.It was not necessary for you to type the letters. (need)
You needen't have typed the letters .............
9.It is impossible that you wrote this composition by yourself. (can)
....... You can't have written this composition ........
10.You do not look well.You had better see a doctor. (should)
...........You should see a doctor...........
) If the operation hadn’t been successful, her feet would have been _____ worse by now.

A) rather
B) more
C) very
D) such
E) quite

2) In the world of the ancient Greeks, ships were preferred instead of wagons for carrying the goods due to the
fact that ships could go _____ faster and carry _____ more cargo than wagons bumping over rough terrain.

A) more / less
B) quite / less
C) much / much
D) least / no
E) very / many

3) The father was in _____ a shortage of money in order to run his family _____ he went mad since he couldn’t
bear the terrible condition of his family.

A) so / that
B) so / as
C) such / as
D) as / that
E) such / that

4) The artist was _____ drunken when he left the pub _____ he had no sooner had an accident than he turned left
from the first junction.

A) such / that
B) so / that
C) so many / that
D) as many / as
E) more / than

5) For _____ key learning areas _____ grammar, vocabulary and communication skills, one should review what he
has learnt on a regular basis.
A) so / as
B) as many / as
C) such / as
D) as much / as
E) far more / than

6) In order not to fall into _____ similar mistakes _____ the one done before, he should look into the account of
what he did in the past.

A) such / as
B) so / as
C) too / that
D) the most / than
E) as / much

7) Sometimes, as a father, I become hesitant to be always there when my children need me and protect them
________ I am able.

A) as many as
B) so much that
C) less carefully than
D) so far as
E) so far that

8) Since the film Mandy chose for her children to watch turned out to be _____ violent _____ she had expected,
she had to send her children to bed instead of watching it till the end.

A) less / than
B) much / than
C) too / that
D) so / that
E) more / than

9) When the theatre wasn’t even ______ as crowded as the one where “Romeo and Juliet” was performed, the
executives suspected that the audience didn’t like the performance of the actors in the new play presented.

A) half
B) far
C) rather
D) almost
E) four times

10) I _______ the flowers in the vase and then _______ the vase on the table.

A) had put/placing
B) put/had placed
C) put/placed
D) have been putting/place
E) would put/was placing

11) We _______ the house painted this summer or else it _______ till next year.

A) have to have/can’t have been done

B) must have/will not be done
C) will have/wasn’t done
D) are having/weren’t done
E) had/wouldn’t be done

12) _______ you _______ the mumps yet? My sister just _______ down with a case.

A) can/have/came
B) have/been/come
C) have/been having/coming
D) have/had/came
E) would/have/have come

13) I _______ for my sewing needle. It _______ out of my hand as I _______ it.

A) am looking/fell/was threading
B) was looking/fall/threaded
C) looked/fell/am threading
D) have looked/has fallen/have threaded
E) would look/have fallen/thread

14) No, I _______ with you because I _______ plans to go with the Smiths.

A) can go/can't made

B) couldn't go/make
C) can't go/have made
D) haven't gone/have made
E) had gone/will make

15) I _______ the tin of beans yet. Where _______ you _______ it?

A) haven't find/can/put
B) haven't found/did/put
C) have found/do/put
D) wasn't finding/have/put
E) have been finding/were/putting

16) Tomorrow, I _______ my first payment on the new car I _______ last month.

A) will make/buy
B) am making/was buying
C) will have made/buying
D) will be making/bought
E) had made/bought

17) We _______ buying a boat because we _______ anything about sailing.

A) aren't/know
B) are/haven't known
C) will be/had known
D) aren't/don't know
E) may be/didn't know

18) Which hotel _______ to stay in when you get to New York? I _______ one if you _______ reservations yet.

A) will you be/might suggest/have made

B) are you/suggest/didn't make
C) were you/suggested/haven't made
D) are you going/will be suggesting/made
E) are you going/can suggest/haven't made

19) Oh no! My favourite dish _______.

A) have been broken

B) will be breaking
C) has been broken
D) will have been broken
E) had been breaking

20) I _______to speak to her about this situation after I _______with her instructors about it.

A) was planning/am talking

B) plan/have talked
C) am planning/talk
D) had planned/talking
E) to plan/to talk

21) I am going to the bazaar, and I _______ back by the time you _______here.

A) will have been/come

B) might be/had come
C) have to be/were coming
D) will be/come
E) would be /will have come
22) The amount of time _______on cooking is not at all proportional to that of time we _______to eat what is
prepared.

A) spending/taken
B) spends/took
C) are to spend/have taken
D) spent/have taken
E) spend/takes

23) The interesting ideas _______by my students could not _______.

A) to present/ignore
B) presented/be ignored
C) having to be presented/ignoring
D) was presented/have been ignore E) having to be presented/ignore

24) During the emergency, they _______to restore electricity with the help of an emergency back-up system that
the engineers _______many years earlier.

A) were able/having installed

B) were able/had installed
C) been/install
D) are/were installed
E) were/installs

25) Many people _______ the extracts of various plants to help people who _______ ill.

A) were using/is
B) have to use/been
C) have used/were
D) are using/is
E) used/have to be

26) The librarians at our town library _______ the books and records in alphabetical order so that we _______
them more easily.

A) were to arrange/had to find

B) arranging/found
C) is to arrange/will find
D) are going to arrange/can find
E) could have arranged/have found

27) Photocopying services _______ available just about everywhere these days.

A) were
B) is
C) am
D) have
E) had been

28) Steven and Joseph _______ that they _______ more than they had originally _______.

A) notice/is studying/planned
B) noticed/were studying/planned
C) are noticing/were studying/plan
D) notices/are studying/plans
E) have noticed/study/have to plan

29) Many teenagers in this country _______to spend their summer holidays relaxing and enjoying themselves
because they _______ work.

A) won’t afford/has
B) haven’t afforded/are
C) wouldn't afford/is
D) can't afford/have to
E) are affording/might be

30) Every year the alumni of our high school and university _______ to a gathering of old classmates.

A) are invited
B) have been invited
C) will have to be inviting
D) invite
E) were inviting

1.A
2.C
3.E
4.B
5.C
6.A
7.D
8.E
9.A
10.C
11.B
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.B
16.D
17.B
18.E
19.C
20.C
21.D
22.D
23.B
24.B
25.C
26.A
27.A
28.B
29.D
30.A

) Of these paintings, the work of Marin ________ the most spectacular one.

A) might prove
B) are proving
C) had proved
D) would prove
E) has proved

2) On the condition that I ________ the information that you were able to solve this question, I __________ next to
you, any way.

A) had / will come

B) had had / would
C) have / will come
D) had had / would have come
E) have / might come

3) What you are talking about may not be understood by her right now, but I am sure she ________ the words
when you meet her again.

A) will be appreciating
B) will have appreciated
C) will have been appreciating
D) is appreciating
E) appreciated

4) Having known that the deadline of the homework expired, she thought she _________ do it so.

A) used to
B) wouldn’t
C) needn’t have
D) didn’t need to
E) got used to

5) It shouldn’t be discussed that the rates of money can be dwindled, in any way, ______?

A) should it
B) can’t it
C) can it
D) shouldn’t it
E) isn’t it
6) I have tried the first two clothes, but I haven’t put on __________ one.

A) another
B) other
C) same
D) similar
E) such

7) Abdulhamid I, Ottoman sultan of Turkey, who left his mark _____ Turkey as one of the strongest reformers
_____ the 18th century.

A) for / in
B) at / of
C) on / of
D) in / of
E) of / on

8) Everything was _______ outstanding just _____ the middle of the night, but there was coming a silent disaster.

A) quite / in B) too / on C) rather / for D) so / into E) very / at

9) I have fallen in love with _______ woman, but they were not there, indeed.
A) a good deal of B) many a c) some D) a number of E) a vast majority of

10) The men _____ do the painting are given a special training ______ includes rescue work.

A) where / what B) when / where C) what / that D) whose / which

E) who / which

11) My brother chose to continue his life at university after graduating from high school, _________, I followed his
step on occasion of my graduation.

A) likewise B) on the contrary

C) what’s more D) while E) although

12) I want to tell the news I have heard from my elder sister, but I cannot remember ______ thoroughly.
A) it B) them C) theirs D) their E) this

13) Ever since Queen Elizabeth I ____ it in 1592, Trinity College ____ a major role in Dublin life.
A) was founded/has been playing
B) founded/has played
C) found/played
D) had founded/was playing
E) was founding/plays

14) There ______ still a lot of negotiations about the newspaper dated November 10th, 1998, when a column
writer ________ political leaders in an unjust way.

A) were/has criticized
B) had been/are criticizing
C) are/has criticized
D) are/criticized
E) were/will be criticizing

15) _______ successful was an Egyptian marketplace during the first part of this millennium that many believe it
was responsible for Columbus' search for an alternate route to India.

A) Such
B) So
C) Much
D) Even
E) As

16) At the time Titanic was launched from the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, it was the largest moving
object ____ built.
A) ever
B) always
C) so far
D) since
E) so

17) _______ plants, which manufacture nutrients from inorganic substances by means of photosynthesis, animals
actively acquire their food and digest it internally.
A) Similarly
B) The same as
C) Whereas
D) Despite
E) Unlike

18) You _____ from this stomach-ache now if you ____ all you were offered.

A) aren’t suffering/didn’t eat

B) might not have suffered/weren’t eating
C) hadn’t suffered/hadn’t been eating
D) wouldn’t be suffering/ hadn’t eaten
E) don’t suffer/haven’t eaten

19) Soon after I informed my friend about the sharp decline in the monopoly sector, he desperately wished he
_________ all his money into it.

A) hasn’t invested
B) wouldn’t invest
C) hadn’t invested
D) didn’t invest
E) wasn’t investing

20) The term “folklore” was coined in 1846 by an Englishman ____ wanted to use an Anglo-Saxon term for ____
was then called "popular antiquities".
A) who/which
B) that/what
C) which/that
D) whom/whom
E) when/whose

21) Any excavation, _____ how large or small and of whatever period and type of site, can be an exciting and
essentially unpredictable event.

A) although
B) regardless
C) no matter
D) nevertheless
E) in contrast to

22) I hardly approve of the words you are uttering about him, and I believe that he himself _______ if he heard
them.
A) cannot even
B) doesn’t so
C) wouldn’t either
D) did too
E) must as well

23) Due to the changing cultural habits and the negative effects of television, there has been ______ violence in
high schools recently.

A) much of
B) many
C) any
D) each
E) lots of

24) Batteries provide us _____ a store of electric current that we can carry _____, for example in calculators,
torches and cars.

A) for/along
B) at/into
C) into/on
D) with/around
E) by/about

25) It is unlikely that he ____ one of my books thoroughly; maybe he ____ of me from a person in his circle of
friends.
A) read/heard
B) had read/has heard
C) will read/is hearing
D) was reading/had heard
E) is reading/hears

26) The discoveries ______ in the last several years _____to make possible the heart transplantation in a few
years’ time.
A) making/will have been expected
B) are made/have been expected
C) have been made/will be expecting
D) made/are expected
E) were made/were expected

27) The company for ______ my friend has been working for many years is in danger of going bankrupt after the
economic crisis ______ it deeply.

A) which / affects
B) which / affecting*
C) that / to affect
D) where / affecting
E) whose / having affected

28) He warned us that the crime rate ___ unless stricter punishment ____ into practice for those who have
broken the law.
A) weren’t reduced/could be put
B) won’t reduce/has put
C) wouldn’t be reduced/were putting
D) might not have reduced/had put
E) couldn’t be reduced/were put

30) As regards air pollution, some scientists conclude that human production is primarily responsible, ____
others cite natural causes as well.
A) however
B) therefore
C) seeing that
D) while
E) whether

1.E
2.D
3.B
4.D
5.A
6.A
7.C
8.A
9.B
10.E
11.A
12.A
13.B
14.D
15.B
16.A
17.E
18.D
19.C
20.B
21.C
22.C
23.E
24.D
25.A
26.D
27.B
28.E
29.D