CHAPTER IV, SEC. 2 Loss of the Thing Due (Articles 2!2"2!

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SECTION 2 LOSS OF THE THING DUE
(Arts. 1262-1269)
STUDY GUIDE :
1. %hen is & thing consi'ere' lost( [Art. 1189(2)]
A thing is consi'ere' lost )hen it *
(a) +erishes,
(b) goes out of co--erce,
(c) 'is&++e&rs in such & )&. th&t its
e/istence is un0no)n, or
(d) 'is&++e&rs in such & )&. th&t it c&n no
longer 1e reco2ere'.
2. As a general rule, )hen the o1lig&tion is to 'eli2er & s+ecific or 'eter-in&te thing, if
the thing is lost or 'estro.e' )ithout the f&ult of the 'e1tor, or 1. re&son of &
fortuitous e2ent, the o1lig&tion is e/tinguishe' &n' the 'e1tor )ill 1e rele&se' fro-
&n. li&1ilit. to the cre'itor. (Art. 1262, par. 1; Art. 1174)
3. Enu-er&te the c&ses )hen the 'e1tor is still li&1le 'es+ite the loss of the thing 'ue *
(a) %hen the s+ecific or 'eter-in&te thing is lost or 'estro.e' 'ue to his f&ult, the
'e1tor sh&ll 1e li&1le for '&-&ges. (Art. 1262, par. 1; Art. 1170)
(b) %hen the 'eter-in&te thing is lost or 'estro.e' &fter he h&s incurre' in 'el&.,
the 'e1tor sh&ll &lso 1e li&1le for '&-&ges. (Art. 1262, par. 1; Art. 1165, par.
3; Art. 1170)
(c) %hen, 1. l&) or sti+ul&tion, he is li&1le e2en for fortuitous e2ents.
(Art. 1262, par. 2; Art. 1174)
(d) %hen the n&ture of the o1lig&tion re3uires the &ssu-+tion of ris0.
(Art. 1262, par. 2; Art. 1174)
(e) %hen the o1lig&tion to 'eli2er the 'eter-in&te thing &rises fro- & cri-e (e.g.,
theft$, unless the loss occurs &fter the cre'itor refuse' to &cce+t the thing
)ithout 4ustific&tion. (Art. 1268)
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CHAPTER IV, SEC. 2 Loss of the Thing Due (Articles 2!2"2!#$
(f) %hen the generic or in'eter-in&te thing o14ect of the o1lig&tion is lost or
'estro.e', the o1lig&tion is not e/tinguishe' un'er the +rinci+le genus never
perishes. (Art. 1263) The 'e1tor is still o1lige' to 'eli2er & thing of the s&-e
0in'. The cre'itor, ho)e2er, c&nnot 'e-&n' & thing of su+erior 3u&lit., &n'
neither c&n the 'e1tor 'eli2er & thing of inferior 3u&lit.. (Art. 1246)
4. %h&t is +&rti&l loss(
(a) In & s+ecific re&l o1lig&tion, there is +&rti&l loss )hen onl. & +ortion of the thing
is lost or 'estro.e', or )hen it suffers 'e+reci&tion or 'eterior&tion. (E/&-+le*
%hen +ortion of the 1o'. of & c&r is s-&she', &n' nee's re+&ir &n' re+&inting,
there is 'e+reci&tion of the c&r or +&rti&l loss of the thing.$
(b) In & +erson&l o1lig&tion, there is +&rti&l loss )hen *
(b.1.) the +rest&tion h&s 1eco-e leg&ll. &n' +h.sic&ll. i-+ossi1le. (Art. 1266)
(b.2.) the +rest&tion h&s 1eco-e -or&ll. i-+ossi1le or i-+r&ctic&1le, 'ue to
ch&nge of cert&in con'itions. (Art. 1267)
5. %hen is +&rti&l loss consi'ere' &s tot&l loss &s to e/tinguish the 'e1tor5s o1lig&tion(
In & re&l o1lig&tion, the +&rti&l loss of the thing -&. 1e consi'ere' &s & tot&l
loss if the loss is so -&teri&l th&t the re-&ining +ortion of the o14ect is ren'ere'
insignific&nt or i--&teri&l. In such & c&se, the 'e1tor )ill 1e rele&se' fro- li&1ilit., &n'
his o1lig&tion e/tinguishe'. (Art. 1264) This is, of course, su14ect to the gener&l
3u&lific&tion th&t the loss )&s not 'ue to the f&ult of the 'e1tor. (Arts. 1170 & 1174)
(E/&-+le* The c&r )&s )rec0e' in &n &cci'ent. The tires, c&r se&ts, &n' stirring )heel
&re &ll th&t re-&in of the c&r. Here, )hile there is onl. +&rti&l loss 1ec&use -&n. +&rts
)ere still reco2ere', the s&-e is 'ee-e' e3ui2&lent to tot&l loss of the o14ect of the
o1lig&tion.$
In & +erson&l o1lig&tion, the e3ui2&lent +ro2isions &re Arts. 1266 an 1267. It
is, ho)e2er, i-+er&ti2e th&t in or'er th&t the o1lig&tion of the 'e1tor -&. 1e e/tinguishe',
the i-+ossi1ilit. (Art. 1266) or i-+r&ctic&1ilit. (Art. 1267) of the +erfor-&nce of the
+rest&tion shoul' *
(a) t&0e +l&ce &fter the est&1lish-ent of the o1lig&tion, &n'
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CHAPTER IV, SEC. 2 Loss of the Thing Due (Articles 2!2"2!#$
(b) 1e )ithout f&ult on the +&rt of the 'e1tor.
6. %h&t is the +resu-+tion )hen the thing 'ue is lost )hile in the +ossession of the
'e1tor( %hen )ill the +resu-+tion not &++l.(
%hen the thing 'ue is lost )hile in the custo'. of the 'e1tor, the 'is+ut&1le
+resu-+tion &rises th&t the loss )&s 'ue to the 'e1tor5s f&ult. This +resu-+tion,
ho)e2er, )ill not &++l. if the loss occurre' 'uring & n&tur&l c&l&-it.. (Art. 1265)
APPLICATION/PROBLEMS:
1. 6n 7&nu&r. 8, 292, Arthur le&se' his 299 s3u&re"-eter lot loc&te' in S&n
P&1lo Cit. to Ir)in. It )&s &gree' u+on 1. the +&rties th&t Ir)in )&s to use the lot for his
+oultr. f&r- for & +erio' of t)o .e&rs or until 7&nu&r. :, 29:. The -onthl. rent&l &gree'
u+on )&s P29,999. The +&rties5 le&se contr&ct &lso +ro2i'e' for & +en&l cl&use )hich
sti+ul&te' th&t shoul' Ir)in ter-in&te the contr&ct 1efore the ter- +ro2i'e' in the le&se,
Ir)in )ill 1e li&1le for '&-&ges e3ui2&lent to &ll un+&i' rent&ls until 7&nu&r. :, 29:. 6n
;e1ru&r. , 292, the Cit. Council of S&n P&1lo +&sse' &n or'in&nce recl&ssif.ing the
le&se' lot fro- co--erci&l to +urel. resi'enti&l. The or'in&nce )&s to t&0e effect on 7ul.
, 292. Hence, on <&rch 8, Ir)in infor-e' Arthur th&t he )&s &lre&'. turning o2er the
+ro+ert. on 7une =9, 292. At the s&-e ti-e, Ir)in u+'&te' his rent&l +&.-ents to Arthur
until en' of 7ul. :, 292. Arthur is no) cl&i-ing for '&-&ges corres+on'ing to Ir)in5s
rent&l +&.-ents fro- 7ul. 8, 292 u+ to 7&nu&r. :, 29: (P29,999 / > -onths$, or & tot&l
of P=!9,999, &s +en&lt. for +re"ter-in&ting the le&se. Ir)in, ho)e2er, refuses to +&.
&lleging th&t he coul' no longer continue )ith his +oultr. 1usiness on the le&se' lot in
2ie) of the +&ss&ge of the or'in&nce. Deci'e on the +&rties5 &rgu-ents(

2. 6n ;e1ru&r. :, 29:, 7e c&rn&++e' the Hon'&"CRV of ?&rr.. Three '&.s
&fter, he )&s &++rehen'e' 1. the +olice &uthorities &n' & c&se for theft )&s file' &g&inst
7e. 6n A+ril =9, 29:, the court con2icte' 7e of the cri-e of theft &n' or'ere' hi- to
return to ?&rr. the Hon'&"CRV )ithin fifteen '&.s fro- recei+t of & co+. of the court5s
4u'g-ent in the c&se, or until <&. 8, 29:. 6n <&. 9, 29:, the )&rehouse )here 7e
+ut the Hon'&"CRV in stor&ge )&s gutte' 1. fire. The c&r )&s co-+letel. 1urne' to
&shes.
(a) Is 7e5s o1lig&tion to 'eli2er the c&r to ?&rr. no) e/tinguishe'(
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CHAPTER IV, SEC. 2 Loss of the Thing Due (Articles 2!2"2!#$
(b) Assu-e th&t on <&. 8, 29:, 7e ten'ere' 'eli2er. of the c&r to ?&rr. 1ut ?&rr.
refuse' to &cce+t the c&r )ithout 4ustifi&1le re&son. 6n <&. !, 29:, the c&r )&s
co-+letel. 1urne' to &shes. %ill .our &ns)er in the i--e'i&tel. +rece'ing 3uestion
1e the s&-e(
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