Life Science

Robert
Hooke discovers
the cell.
Cell Theory
Timeline of Events in history
1665 1674 1838 1839 1855
Matthias Schleiden
concludes that all
plants are made of
cells.
Theodor Schwann
realizes that all
animals are made of
cells.
Ruldolf
Virchow
theorizes
that cells
come from
other
Copyright 2012 Jena Phillips Graphics by KPM Doodles
Anton von
Leeuwenhook
invents the
microscope.
Cells
All organisms -living things-
are made of
cells.
These cells are like
tiny building blocks.
Cells do the
jobs that keep
organisms
alive.
Cells are the smallest
part of a living thing.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=4OpBylwH9DU
Wacky History of Cells
Cell Structures,
Functions and
Transport
http://www.harcourtschool.com/menus/science/
grade5_nl.html
(click on Comparing Plant & Animal Cells)
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
CyLoplasm
1. Nucleus
Nickname: The Control Center
Function: holds the DNA/
chromosomes
Cell Organelles and Function
nucleus
nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
CyLoplasm
2. Vacuoles
Function: stores water, food, and
energy
This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant wilts
Cell Organelles and Function
Cell Membrane
vacuole
Chloroplasts
3. Chloroplasts
Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell
Green in color because of chlorophyll,
which is a green pigment
Only found in plant cells
Cell Organelles and Function
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
vacuole
ChloroplasLs
Cell Wall
Cell Organelles and Function
4. Cell Wall
Function: provides support and protection
to the cell membrane
Found outside the cell membrane in plant
cells only
Cell Membrane
vacuole
ChloroplasLs
Cell Wall
nucleolus
nucleus
8ough L8
SmooLh L8
Colgl 8odles
MlLochondrla
8lbosomes
CyLoplasm
5. Cytoplasm
Function: The liquid inside of both cells that
holds everything in place
-Found inside both plant & animal cells
Cell Organelles and Function
Cell Membrane
vacuole
ChloroplasLs
Cell Wall
nucleolus
nucleus
8ough L8
SmooLh L8
Colgl 8odles
MlLochondrla
8lbosomes
CyLoplasm
6. Cell Membrane
Function: This outside layer of an animal cell (inside
layer of a plant cell) lets good things in and bad
things out of the cell.
-Found inside both plant & animal cells
Cell Organelles and Function
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Compare and contrast a plant cell with an animal cell. Use these words:
vacuole, cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm
lanL Cell
Anlmal Cell
Compare and contrast a plant cell with an animal cell. Use these words:
vacuole, cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cell
membrane
!ucleus
Cytoplasm
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Quiz Time
1. Which of the following cell types usually
has a rigid cell wall?
a) plant cells
b) single-celled organisms
c) animal cells
d) multi-celled organisms
2. Which of the following pairs correctly
matches the plant cell part with its
function?
a) membrane: gives rigid structure to
the plant cell
b) nucleus: control center of the cell
c) chloroplasts: contain most of the
cells internal parts
d) wall: produces energy for the cell.
3. Which of the following cell parts is
found only in plant cells?
a) nucleus
b) cell membrane
c) Chloroplasts
d) cytoplasm
4. If you used a peach as a model of an
animal cell, what would the peach's skin
represent?
a) cell membrane
b) cytoplasm
c) cell wall
d) nucleus
5. What is one of the main functions of
the nucleus of an animal cell?
a) It stores the genetic information of the
animal.
b) It defends the cell from infections.
c) It is the place where energy is produced
for the animal.
d) It captures sunlight to produce food.
Microorganisms
A microorganism is any organism that cannot be
seen by the naked eye.
The only way to observe such organisms is
through a microscope.
Generally, these can be categorized into three
groups: bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Cell vs. Virus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=oqGuJhOeMek
Health Benefits of Microorganisms
Microorganisms benefit the Earth in many ways.
The human body contains millions of bacteria,
most of which are found in the digestive tract.
These bacteria help with digestion and prevent
harmful microorganisms from entering the
intestine.
Microorganisms found in vaccines and antibiotics
are not only helpful, but often save lives.

Microorganisms are also helpful in making many kinds
of foods.
Different varieties of cheese are made using
microorganisms.
Dairy products such as yogurt, sour cream, and
buttermilk are all the result of fermentation of milk,
which is caused by microorganisms.
Yeasts are essential when making breads, alcohol,
and vinegar.
Microorganisms & Disease
The most well-known harmful microorganisms are
those which attack the human body.
These can range from a simple cold to AIDS.
Sometimes the body can fight them off with little
or no symptoms.
Other times the body reacts with rashes,
diarrhea, coughing, sneezing, or fever.
The Sneeze
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?
Ntt=the+sneeze
United Streaming Video-The Sneeze
Quiz Time
1. Dead or inactive microorganisms that
are given to children to help prevent
them from catching a serious illness are
called __________.
a) immunizations.
b) germs.
c) platelets.
d) anesthesia.
2. West Nile Virus is a harmful microorganism
that is spread through mosquito bites. How
can you prevent being infected by West Nile
Virus?
a) Avoid going outside at dusk and dawn.
b) Wear long sleeved shirts and long pants
when playing outside.
c) Use insect repellant.
d) all of these
3. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses,
are responsible for causing many diseases. What is
the best way to avoid being infected by these
harmful microorganisms?
a) Wash your hands and bathe regularly.
b) Eat lots of food.
c) Stay away from all microorganisms.
d) Take an aspirin every day.
4. Why is the microorganism penicillin
purposely given to people?
a) to lower blood pressure
b) to help fight off infections
c) as a vitamin supplement
d) to prevent sickness
5. All humans have microorganisms in
their intestinal tract. What is the benefit
of having them?
a) They help prevent harmful bacteria from
entering the intestines.
b) They allow humans to consume uncooked
meat.
c) They prevent gas from building up in the
stomach.
d) They send a hungry signal to the brain when
the stomach is empty.
Cellular Boxes Project
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The Magic School Bus Goes Cellular
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/
search?!tt=magic+school+bus
Extra Resources
-Interactive plant and animal cell:
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm
-Biology4Kids !otes
hup://www.blology4klds.com/les/cell_maln.hLml
-Parts of a Cell Rap
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbNPA8
Genes &
Heredity
What is heredity?
video
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/
content/begin/traits/
Think about your family
Have you ever wondered why you all
look so much alike?
You look alike because of your genes.
Gene: a basic unit of heredity that
transfers a trait from one generation
to the next.
Think again
Make a list of all the physical characteristics
you can think about yourself.
Now, think about someone in your family. Does
this person have any of the same traits?
Trait: a feature or quality of an animal, plant,
thing, or group.
Genes
All of an organism's inherited traits are the
result of the genes it received from its parent(s).
Genes are located in an organism's
chromosomes, which are found in the nucleus of
a cell.
Example
What is a trait? video
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/
content/begin/traits/
Inherited Traits/Characteristics
The features of an organism that were inherited
from its parents are called inherited traits, or
inherited characteristics.
Traits are determined before birth and cannot
be permanently changed.
An inherited trait is a trait that is received
from parents or other ancestors.
A recessive trait relates to a gene carrying
the weaker trait that a dominant trait
overrides.
A dominant trait relates to a gene carrying a
stronger trait that overrides a recessive
trait.
Examples of inherited traits:
Eye color
Skin color
Hair color
Curly or straight hair
Dimples
Freckles
height
Example
Take a look at the sisters on the
right.
Based on physical
characteristics, how are
the two young girls the
same? How are they
different?
Now that you have seen
them, what do you think
their parents look like
based on your knowledge
of genes?
Various inherited traits
Rolling your tongue like a hotdog bun
Wiggling your ears
Having detached earlobes
Having a hitchhiker's thumb
Dog DNA Activity
You will now create your dogs DNA. You have been given a bag with DNA strips in
them. You will start by pulling one strip at a time out and label the back with the
specific characteristic it is for. (body shape, fur color, eyes, etc.)
1
st
strip: body shape
2
nd
strip: head shape
3
rd
strip: ears
4
th
strip: legs
5
th
strip: eyes
6
th
strip: tail
7
th
strip: fur/coat color
8
th
strip: hair
Now match your strips to the correct characteristic on the board.
Take your DNA strips and staple/glue/tape them together end-
to-end to show your dogs DNA.
Is your dog different or the same as the
other dogs in your class? Explain why.
Surprisingly enough, we can
inherit behaviors!
When we are born, we automatically know how
to roll over and walk. This is an instinct:
inherited behaviors that leads animals of the
same species to act certain ways in certain
situations.
Bears know to hibernate, squirrels know to
collect nuts.
Inherited Behaviors
Some behaviors are inborn.
Behaviors of this type are called instincts.
Organisms do not have to learn how to do things that are
instincts.
Some examples of instincts are breathing, hibernating, and
migrating.
Instinct also includes reflexes, which are rapid, automatic
responses to certain signals or events.
Sneezing when your nose is tickled is an example of a reflex.
Examples
Other examples of inherited behaviors include:
people and animals crying or howling when in pain
people and animals eating when hungry
fish knowing how to swim
birds knowing how to build nests
Many of our qualities are inherited, but
we can also learn behaviors.
Learned behaviors are actions carried out by an animal
or human based on acquired or gained experience.
Are you better at riding a skateboard than the some of
the adults in your family? If so, you learned how to do
this. You did not inherit this behavior from your parents.
We learn many behaviors that helps us every day. These
behaviors include how to make a sandwich, wakeboard,
and be polite to others.
Examples
Other learned behaviors include:
Skipping
Reading
having good manners
having pink as a favorite color
wearing brightly colored clothes
riding a bike
We can also learn bad behaviors
-watching television too much
-eating very unhealthy foods
Can animals learn behaviors?
YES! Dogs can learn how to sit, how to shake.
But they can also learn bad behaviors, such as
chewing on shoes.
Activity to do with your family:
During todays period, you are to create a cut out of
each hand. On the left hand fingers, write 5 traits you
have inherited. On the right hand fingers, write 5
traits you have learned. Paste these two hands on a
tree trunk you draw on a piece of construction paper.
Homework: get at least 1 person in your family to do
the same thing. You are creating a family tree of
inherited/learned traits/behaviors.
Written debate:
A debate is when you argue your point of view.
Goal: Students will debate the question What makes you who
you are? and effectively communicate their position
Role: A member of a debate team
Audience: students their age
Scenario: Students will choose a position as to whether inherited
traits or learned behaviors have the most influence in making
someone who they are.
Product: A written essay and the debate. This essay needs to be
at least 2 paragraphs and argue the point:
I think makes a person who they really are because
Quiz Time
Which of these is an inherited trait?
a. Liking the color red
b. Having long fingers
c. Wearing your hair in a ponytail
d. Liking chocolate ice cream
Which of these is a learned behavior?
a. Having long eyelashes
b. Having curly hair
c. Heading south in the fall
d. Liking peanut butter sandwiches
Which of these can you change?
a. Your instincts
b. Your inherited traits
c. Your learned behaviors
d. Your inherited behaviors
A woman is an excellent cook. Why are her
children likely to become good cooks?
a. They will learn to cook by instinct.
b. They will learn to cook by watching.
c. They will inherit her cooking skills.
d. Cooking is an inherited trait.