Previous BON Files (Foundation of Professional Nursing Practice)

PREVIOUS BON FILES: FOUNDATION OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE
1. While caring for an 8-year- old child with a broken wrist, the 4. The nurse is planning assignments. Which task can be safely
nurse notices red, raised delegated to a nursing
streaks on the child’s back. The child’s father enters the room assistant?
and the child becomes a. Obtain a stool specimen from a client with diarrhea
quiet and distant, leaning away from the father as he b. Assist client with a new colostomy in practicing his first
approaches. What is the best colostomy irrigation
nursing action? c. Evaluate the voiding pattern for a client who had a urinary
a. Chart the child was probably beaten by the father retention catheter
b. Notify the supervisor to report possible child abuse removed
c. Disregard suspicions and care for the immediate needs of d. Obtain a dietary history from a client with peptic ulcer
the child disease.
d. No action is required; there is no actual proof of abuse to the Answer: A
child Rationale: The assignment in A has the most specific guidelines
Answer: B for performance. The
Rationale: Any suspected child abuse should be reported to the other procedures require assessment and judgment and should
appropriate agencies. not be assigned to a
Source: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN Exam by nursing assistant.
JoAnn Zerweck, 6 th edition, Source: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN Exam by
page 615 JoAnn Zerweck, 6 th edition,
2. A nurse manager has been notified to obtain a bed for a page 614
client. Of the following 5. A staff nurse on a busy pediatric unit is an excellent role
clients, which one would the nurse anticipate being able to model for her colleagues.
discharge? She encourages
a. A client who had myocardial infarction 2 days ago. His vital them to participate in the unit’s decision-making process and
signs are: BP helps them improve
150/94 mmHg, pulse 84 beats/min and irregular, respiration 28 their clinical skills.
breaths/min, minimal This nurse is functioning effectively in which role?
chest pain a. Manager b. Autocrat c. Leader d. Authority
b. A client who underwent an abdominal aneurysm resection 3 Answer: C
days ago. His Rationale: A leader doesn’t have formal power and authority but
vital signs are BP 130/88 mmHg, pulse 88 beats/min, influences the success
respiration 22 breaths/min, and of a unit by being an excellent role model and by guiding,
oral temperature 101º F. He is beginning oral intake without encouraging, and facilitating
problems professional growth and development.
c. A client who has a subdural hematoma. He is lethargic; pulse Source: NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly
is 60 beats/min, Easy, 2 nd edition, 2003,
respiration is 28 breaths/min, temperature is 99º F page 778
d. A client who had abdominal surgery for a bowel obstruction 4 6. A nurse-manager on an oncology unit has been informed that
days ago. He she must determine
has bowel sounds, is taking fluids orally, has an abdominal which nursing
Penrose drain, and is care delivery system is the best for efficient client care, client
continuing to experience abdominal pain. satisfaction, and cost
Answer: D reduction.
Rationale: D represents the most stable client that could be Knowing that 2 or 3 registered nurses, 4 licensed practical
discharged. Clients in A nurses, and 5 nursing
and C are showing signs of being unstable with their diagnosis. assistants are
The client in B is stable, generally on duty on each shift and that the clients can be
but because of the extensiveness of his surgery and because grouped fairly easily by
he had surgery only 3 geographic
days ago, he is a less likely candidate to move than the client in location and client care needs, the nurse-manager and her staff
option D. appropriately decide
Source: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN Exam by to implement
JoAnn Zerweck, 6 th edition, which nursing care delivery system?
page 615 a. Functional nursing c. Team Nursing
3. Delegation is the process of transferring work to b. Case management d. Primary Nursing
subordinates. A nurse-manager can Answer: C
appropriately Rationale: Team nursing is efficient and cost less to implement
delegate which task? than primary or case
a. Scheduling staff assignments for the next month management systems. Because the staff members know each
b. Terminating a nursing assistant for insubordination other well, they can
c. Deciding on salary increases for licensed practical nurses function effectively as a team. Although functional nursing is the
after they complete most cost effective,
orientation care is commonly fragmented and client satisfaction decreased.
d. Telling a staff nurse to initiate disciplinary action aginst one of Case management and
her peers primary nursing require more registered nurses than are
Answer: A available.
Rationale: Scheduling may be safely and appropriately Source: NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly
delegated. Termination, Easy, 2 nd edition, 2003,
disciplinary action, and salary increases shouldn’t be delegated page 779
to staff, which doesn’t 7. The charge nurse is planning assignments for the nursing
have the power and the authority to take such actions staff. One of the staff
Source: NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly nurses is pregnant.
Easy, 2 nd edition, 2003, Which client would not be appropriate to assign to this nurse?
page 780 a. Child with brain tumor being treated with radiation
b. Infant with respiratory syncytial virus receiving ribavirin
c. Toddler who is HIV+ and has an opportunistic respiratory Source: Nursing Management towards Quality Care by Lydia
tract infection Venzon, 2 nd edition, page
d. Child with leukemia who is receiving Oncovin (Vincristine) 13. A storm has prevented most of the staff members from
and Zyloprim getting to work on a busy
(allopurinol) medical-surgical
Answer: B unit. One registered nurse, 2 licensed practical nurses, and 3
Rationale: Involves contact with a medication that is teratogenic nursing assistants
and is classified as have been able to
Pregnancy Risk category X. The other clients do not pose a risk work. The nurse-manager must decide which nursing care
to the pregnant nurse. delivery system should
Source: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN Exam by implemented for the best possible client care during this staffing
JoAnn Zerweck, 6 th edition, crisis. The nurse-
page 615 manager directs
8. A nurse-manager appropriately behaves as an autocrat in the staff to implement which delivery system?
which situation? a. Team nursing c. Functional nursing
a. Planning vacation time for staff b. Primary nursing d. Case management
b. Directing staff activities if a client has a cardiac arrest Answer: C
c. Evaluating a new medication administration process Rationale: Functional nursing best uses the skills in a timely
d. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a client manner during this crisis.
education video This delivery system requires the least staff and delegates
Answer: B tasks to those who can best
Rationale: In a crisis situation, the nurse- manager should take perform them.
command for the Source: NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly
benefit of the client. Planning vacation time and evaluating Easy, 2 nd edition, 2003,
procedures and client page 780
resources require staff input characteristic of a democratic or 14. The nurse-manager of a 20-bed coronary care unit isn’t on
participative manager. duty when a staff nurse
Source: NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly makes a
Easy, 2 nd edition, 2003, serious medication error. The client, who received an overdose
page 781 of medication,
9. There are phases in the change process to be considered, nearly dies. Which
the first one should be: statement accurately reflects the accountability of the nurse-
a. Refreezing b. Unfreezing c. Changing d. Resisting manager?
Answer: B a. The nursing supervisor on duty will call the nurse-manager at
Rationale: In the change process the first step is unfreezing home and
followed by moving and apprise her of the problem
refreezing. b. Because the nurse-manager is off duty, she isn’t accountable
Source: Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership by Ann for incidents
Tomey, 6 th edition, that occur in her absence. Therefore, the nurse manager won’t
2000, page 273 be notified
10. Form of communication that travels from staff and lower c. The nurse-manager will be informed of the incident when
middle level management returning to work on
personnel and Monday because the nurse-manager was officially off duty
continues up the organizational hierarchy is: when the incident took place
a. Downward b. Upward c. Matrix d. Grapevine d. Although the nurse-manager is off duty, the nursing
Answer: B supervisor believes that
Rationale: Upward communication emanates from subordinates the manager has no responsibility for what happened during
and goes upward. the manager’s absence
Source: Nursing Management towards Quality Care by Lydia Answer: A
Venzon, 2 nd edition, page Rationale: The nurse-manager is accountable for what happens
11. What is a key component in a quality assurance program? on the unit 24 hours
a. Patient satisfaction questionnaire per day, 7 days per week. If a serious problem occurs, the
b. Determination of criteria to meet standards nurse-manager should be
c. Case management for continuity of care notified as soon as possible. The other choices don’t accurately
d. An acuity system for client classification reflect the
Answer: B accountability of the nurse-manager’s position.
Rationale: In a quality assurance program, there must be Source: NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly
standards from which to Easy, 2 nd edition, 2003,
measure progress. Criteria are established to obtain objective page 777
measurement. 15. The selection of a nursing care delivery system is critical to
Source: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN Exam by the success of a nursing
JoAnn Zerweck, 6 th edition, area. Which
page 615 factor is essential in the evaluation of a nursing care delivery
12. Which of the following tools can be most helpful in the system?
evaluation of staff a. Determining how planned absences, such as vacation time,
performance? will be scheduled
a. Performance assessment c. Performance audit so that all staff are treated fairly
b. Performance standard d. Performance appraisal b. Identifying who will be responsible for making client care
Answer: D decisions
Rationale: Performance appraisal is a control process in which c. Deciding what type of dress code will be implemented
employee’s d. Identifying salary ranges for various types of staff
performance is evaluated against standards. It is the most Answer: B
valuable tool in controlling Rationale: Determining who has responsibility for making
human resources and productivity. decision regarding client care
is an essential element of all client care delivery systems. Dress Source: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN Exam by
code, salary, and JoAnn Zerweck, 6 th
scheduling planned staff absences are important to any edition, page 615
organization but aren’t actually 19. The nurse enters data on a chart and discovers she has
determined by nursing care delivery system. written on the wrong chart.
Source: NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly How is this
Easy, 2 nd edition, 2003, error best corrected?
page 779 a. White out the wrong information and write over it
16. The nurse –manager in the office of a group of surgeons b. Recopy the page with error so chart will be neat
has received complaints c. Draw a straight line through the error, initial and date
from discharged d. Obliterate the error so it will not be confusing
clients about inadequate instructions for performing home care. Answer: C
Knowing the Rationale: Errors in charting should never be obliterated,
importance of good, recopied, or covered with
timely client education, the nurse should take which steps? correction fluid. When the erroneous information is not legible, it
a. Contact the nurses who work in the facility and tell them that raises questions as to
client education what the person was trying to cover up.
should be implemented as soon as the clients are admitted to Source: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN by JoAnn
either the hospital or the Zerwekh, 6 th edition,
outpatient surgical center 2006,page 615
b. Review and revise the way client education is conducted in 20. Performance improvement is an important component of
the surgeons’ continuous quality
c. Because no serious damage was done to any of the clients, improvement. Which
the nurse- action should an effective nurse- manager take when
manager can safely ignore their complaints conducting performance
d. Work with the surgeons’ and nursing staff in the hospital and evaluations?
outpatient a. Conduct performance evaluation in a group setting so input
surgical center to evaluate current client education practices from peers and
and revise as needed subordinates is
Answer: D considered when evaluating a staff member’s effectiveness.
Rationale: Client education is the responsibility of all nurses b. Provide feedback on strengths as well as areas for
providing care to the client, improvement and clarify
and the nurse must work together to establish the best what the staff
methods. The most appropriate member is expected to accomplish before the next
response is to contact the nurse manager, not the nursing staff, performance evaluation
at the facility. c. Document areas for improvement in writing. Areas of strength
Evaluating client education in one setting only doesn’t consider don’t need to
the entire process and documented because these areas are complementary and
the staff providing it. No complaint should be ignored; patient don’t describe actions
education is an important the staff
nursing responsibility. member must take to improve
Source: NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly d. Delegate responsibility for conducting performance
Easy, 2 nd edition, 2003, evaluations to primary
page 780 nurses
17. When the team approach is utilized in a management whenever possible to help them grow professionally.
situation the subordinates Answer: B
should be aware Rationale: An effective performance evaluation provides
that they should receive order from only one person. This recognition of strengths,
principle is: identifies areas for improvement, and clarifies performance
a. Unity of command c. Centralization expectations. Performance
b. Chain of command d. Channel of communication evaluation should be done in private, not in front of others. All
Answer: A components of a
Rationale: Unity of command is represented by the vertical solid performance evaluation should be documented in writing.
line between positions Although input from staff
on an organizational chart. It indicates one person has one members can be useful in preparing performance evaluations,
boss delegating all
Source: Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership by Ann responsibility to others is inappropriate. The nurse- manager is
Tomey, 6 th edition, responsible for the
2000, page 236 performance of the staff.
18. Which of the following would the nurse identify as an Source: NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly
indication that the client Easy, 2 nd edition, 2003,
understands the page 784
informed consent document? 21. The correct sequence of steps in the research process is:
a. The client states that the physician has explained the 1. Selection and development of the tools/ techniques for
procedure to him collecting data
b. The nurse finds the informed consent form already signed 2. Formulation of hypothesis
c. The client can give return verbal explanation of the informed 3. Determining the research design or the approach suitable for
consent the study
document 4. Formulation of the problem
d. The client states that his wife read it and said it was okay a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 4, 1, 2, 3 c. 4, 2, 3, 1 d. 1, 3, 4, 2
Answer: C Answer: C
Rationale: The client needs top show an understanding of the Rationale: The major steps in the research process listed in
informed consent chronological order as
document by giving an explanation in his own words follows: Formulation of the problem, formulation of the
hypothesis, determining the
research design or the approach suitable for the study, Rationale: The nurse must explain all the appropriate measures
selection and development of that have to be done to
the tools/techniques for collecting data. the patient. If after the explanation, he still refuses to sign the
Source: Introduc When selecting your study sample. Which of consent form he should
the following activities be made to fill out the release form to protect the
should you do first? hospital/personnel from any liability
22. When selecting your study sample. Which of the following that may result from his refusal.
activities should you do Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
a. specify the sampling frame Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, p.
b. identify the target population 27. When conflict arises regarding management of patient care,
c. specify the criteria for selection of subjects which of the following
d. identify the available population should be
Answer: B upheld?
Rationale: In selecting study sample the researcher must first a. Physician’s orders c. Patient’s rights
identify the target b. Preference of the family d. Institutional Policy
population. He/she must identify the common characteristics of Answer: C
the population. Rationale: when conflict arises regarding management of
Source: Understanding Nursing Research by Carol Macnee, patient care, the patients’
2004, page 103 tion to right are upheld.
Nursing Research by Lydia Venzon, 2004, page 36-37 Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
23. You decided to use convenience sampling. This is an Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003,
example of convenience page 83
sampling: 28. The most common major risk to safety of unconscious
a. selection with consent c. availability of subjects patient in the hospital is:
b. simple selection d. first come, first selected basis a. carbon dioxide poisoning c. falls
Answer: C b. any poisoning d. insect bites
Rationale: In convenience sampling data are collected from Answer: C
anyone most conveniently Rationale: The most common risk for unconscious patients is
available such as people on a street. falls. For the protection of
Source: Introduction to Nursing Research by Lydia Venzon, patient, padded siderails are provided and raised at all times.
2004, page 53 Source: Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical
24. You decided to use Prospective Longitudinal Sampling. Nursing, 10 th edition,
Which of the following is an 2004, page 1854
example of 29. Devolution of the Health department of care is implemented
this? in order to:
a. Growth of newborn 2 years ago to the present a. bring services near to the people c. become self reliant
b. Mastectomy patients are studied from operation to 3 years b. empower local politician d. stop funding for national funds
after discharge Answer: A
c. Asking high school students their choices of career after Rationale: Local Government Code transfers responsibility for
graduation delivery of basic
d. Asking mothers their past experiences in giving birth services and facilities of the national government to local
Answer: B government units to bring
Rationale: In longitudinal sampling a given group of subjects services near to the people.
are studied for an Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
extended period of time, which can be retrospective (past) or Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003,
prospective (future) page 119
Source: Introduction to Nursing Research by Lydia Venzon, 30. Which of the following is your vital role in cancer care?
2004, page 54 a. arrange for spiritual consultation c. maintain dignity of patient
25. A type of sampling that starts with one participant or b. allow patient to get angry d. control shame and guilt
member of the population and Answer: C
uses that Rationale: The primary responsibility of the nurse to the patient
member’s contacts to identify other potential participants for the is to give him/her the
study is: kind of care his/her needs regardless of his/her status.
a. cluster sampling c. snowball sampling Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
b. convenience sampling d. purposive sampling Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003,
Answer: C page 86
Rationale: Snowball sampling involves subjects suggesting or 31. If the died without a will, the succession is called:
referring other subjects a. holographic will b. testate c. heir d. intestate
who meet the researcher’s eligibility criteria. Answer: D
Source: Introduction to Nursing Research by Lydia Venzon, Rationale: a person who dies leaving a will is said to have died
2004, page 53 testate, while one who
26. A patient refuses to take his antibiotics because he believes dies without a will is said to have died intestate.
that it’s not giving him Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
any good. Which of the following actions of the nurse is MOST Venzon, 10 th edition, 2005,
appropriate? page 190
a. Explains to the patient that he needs the medications for his 32. This is treated as the most important attribute of a true
recovery and Professional Nurse
clarify any a. competence and independent approach
misconceptions b. professional accountability
b. Writes in the chart that the patient refuses to take his c. self autonomy
medication d. responsibility
c. Refer to the attending physician about his refusal Answer: A
d. Ask the patient to sign the waiver of responsibility Rationale: Nurses must acquire and develop the necessary
Answer: A competence.
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia 1. Unprofessional, immoral or dishonorable conduct
Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, 2. Continued neglect of duty
page 82 3. Commission or toleration of irregularities in the licensure
33. The board may allow licensed nurses from foreign countries examination
or state to practice 4. Gross incompetence or serious ignorance
nursing in the Philippines through special and temporary permit a. 1,2,4 b. 2,3,4 c. 1,3,4 d. 1,2,3
if they belong to the Answer: D
following categories EXCEPT: Rationale: The President may remove or suspend any member
a. internationally-well specialist or outstanding experts in any of the Board after
branch of specialty having been given the opportunity to defend himself/herself in a
of nursing proper administrative
b. nurses on medical mission whose services shall be free in a investigation, on the following grounds: continued neglect of
particular duty or incompetence;
hospital, center or commission or toleration of irregularities in the licensure
clinic examination and
c. employed by schools, colleges of nursing as exchange unprofessional, immoral or dishonorable conduct.
professors in a branch Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
or specialty Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003,
of nursing page 23-24
d. Balikbayan nurses who wants to practice nursing in order to 37. The Board has the mandate to determine whether an
earn credits for applicant for the licensure
continuing examination is
professional education qualified to take the said examination. Who among the
Answer: B following is NOT qualified
Rationale: A special/temporary permit may be issued by the under the
Board to the following provision of the law?
persons: Licensed nurses from foreign countries/states whose a. Nurse who finished BSN then proceeded to pursue a medical
service are either for a degree
fee or free; Licensed nurses from foreign countries/states on b. Medical degree graduate who pursued nursing course for
medical mission whose one year.
services shall be free in a particular hospital; and Licensed c. Midwife graduate who took up nursing following the AHSE
nurses from foreign program
countries/states employed by schools/colleges of nursing as d. BSN graduate of a ladderized BSN curriculum
exchange professors in a Answer: B
branch of specialty or training Rationale: In order to be admitted to the examination for nurses
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia an applicant must be a
Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, page holder of a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing from a college or
34. The following are grounds for the suspension and university that complies with
revocation of certificates of the standards of nursing education duly recognized by the
registration/professional license or special/temporary permit; proper government agency.
which one is NOT Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
included? Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003,
a. use of fictitious date in obtaining a professional license page 11
b. Commission of a serious negligence 38. Which TWO of the following courses of action would an
c. Unprofessional or unethical conduct examinee that got a general
d. Not a member of the accredited professional organization average of 76.8% but a rating of 59% in Curative-A need a
Answer: D take?
Rationale: The Nursing Board of the PRC shall have the power 1 Repeat the whole examination all over again
to revoke or suspend 2 Take only the subject where she got a rating below 60%
the certificate of registration of a nurse upon any of the ff. 3 Enroll in a refresher course in the subject that she failed
grounds: unprofessional and 4 Obtain a score of 75% in the repeated subjects
unethical conduct; gross incompetence or serious ignorance a. 1&2 b. 2&3 c. 1&3 d. 2&4
and the use of fraud, Answer: D
deceit, or false statements in obtaining a certificate of Rationale: An examinee who obtains an average rating of 75%
registration or higher but gets a
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia rating below 60% in any subject must take the examination
Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, again but only in the subject
page 16 or subjects where he/she is rated below 60%. In order to pass
35. Nursing is considered as rewarding and fulfilling career. the succeeding
Nursing is best described examination, an examinee must obtain a rating of at least 75 %
as a profession that; in the subject or
a. concerned with patients subjects repeated.
b. concerned with proper organization of the ward Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
c. assist the people towards self care Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003,
d. helps to prevent disease and promote wellness page 13
Answer: D 39. Which of the following considered quasi-judicial powers of
Rationale: As independent practitioners, nurses are primarily the Board?
responsible for the a. Conduct licensure examination
promotion of health and prevention of illness. b. Recognize nursing specialty organization
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia c. Conduct hearing and investigations to resolve complaints
Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, against nurses
page 205 d. Promulgate a Code of Ethics for nurses
36. Which of the following are grounds for removal of Answer: C
suspension of the Board Rationale: Conducting hearings and investigations to resolve
Members? complaints against nurse
practitioners for unethical and unprofessional conduct and b. Adaptation Theory d. Self care Theory
violations is a quasi-judicial Answer: A
power of the Board. Rationale: Transcultural theory is a humanistic and scientific
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia mode of helping a client
Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, through specific cultural caring process (cultural values, beliefs
page 25-26 and practices) to
40. Some functions of the board are considered to be quasi- improve or maintain a health condition.
legislative. Which of the Source: Fundamentals of Nursing by Josie Udan, 2 nd edition,
following 2004, page 17
functions belong to this category? Situation: The Board of Nursing has two vacant positions for
a. Ensure quality nursing education by examining prescribed members. The Philippine
facilities of Nurses Association (PNA) has launched its search for
colleges of nursing nominees.
b. Monitor and enforce quality standards of nursing education in 44. The PNA after having deliberated whom to nominate to
the PRC must have at least how
Philippines many candidates for the two positions?
c. Prescribe, adopt and promulgate guidelines, regulations, a. two b. four c. Six d. Eight
measures and Answer: C
decisions as maybe necessary for the improvement of the Rationale: There shall be created a Professional Regulatory
nursing practice. Board of Nursing,
d. Issue, suspend and revoke certificates of registration for the hereinafter referred to as the Board, to be composed of a
practice of Chairperson and 6 members.
nursing They shall be appointed by the President of the Republic of the
Answer: C Philippines from among
Rationale: Prescribe, adopt, issue and promulgate guidelines, 2 recommendees per vacancy, of the PRC, hereinafter referred
regulations, measures to as the Commission,
and decisions as may be necessary for the improvement of the chosen and ranked from a list of 3 nominees, per vacancy.
nursing practice and the Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
advancement of the profession are considered as quasi- Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003,
legislative power of the Board. page 21
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia 45. After 2 years in hospital nursing, Nesty decided to change
Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, career military nursing.
page 26 She knows that the chief nurse in the military hospital is
41. Which of the following areas should be represented by the qualified if she has completed:
members of the Board? a. Master’s degree in nursing
1. Nursing education b. General Staff Course
2. Nursing practice c. At least 9 units in management and administration courses at
3. Community health Nursing the
4. Maternal & Child health graduate level
Nursing d. Masters Degree in Nursing and General Staff Course
a. 1,2,3 b. 2,3,4 c. 1,3,4 d. 1,2,3,4 Answer: D
Answer: A Rationale: Qualification for chief nurse in the military hospital
Rationale: The board created under Section 3, Article III of the must have Masters
said Nursing Act shall Degree in Nursing and General Staff Course
be composed of a Chairperson and 6 members, representing Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
the 3 areas of nursing, Venzon, 10 th edition, 2005,
namely, nursing education, nursing service, and community page 53
health nursing. 46. Nesty should be working in collaboration with the members
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia of the health team.
Venzon, 10 th edition, 2005, Collaboration means:
page 25 a. Cooperation
42. The following are qualifications of the Chairperson of the b. Unity
Board. Which one is NOT c. Concerted efforts of individuals and groups to meet the goal
included? d. Loyalty to the health team
a. A natural born citizen and resident of the Philippines Answer: C
b. Member of good standing of the Philippine Nurses Ass. Rationale: Collaboration means a collegial working relationship
c. Be a registered nurse and holder of a Master’s degree in with another health
Hospital care provider in the provision of patient care to meet the goal.
Administration Source: Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and
d. Have at least ten years of continuous practice of the Practice by Barbara Kozier,
profession prior to 7 th edition 2004, page 111
appointment 47. Which of the following pursues continuing professional
Answer: C education in emergency care
Rationale: The chairperson shall be a holder of a Master’s order to be
degree in Nursing. certified as a nurse specialist in critical care. Which of the
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia following agencies are
Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, mandated by
page 22 law to be formulated and develop the comprehensive specialty
43. Some patients have different health beliefs and practices, program?
and Nesty is aware how Board of nursing
these can be considered in the plan of care she and her team Accredited Professional Organization
will prepare for the 1. Department of Health
patients. Which theory is appropriate for these groups of 2. Specialty Organizations
patients? a. 1,2,3 b. 1,2,4 c. 1,3,4 d. 1,2,3,4
a. Transcultural theory c. Health System Theory Answer: D
Rationale: In the Philippines the implementation of Board of Rationale: Nurses should honor and safeguard the reputation
Nursing Resolution No. and dignity of the
1903 of 1985 on CPE accreditation program for nurses became members of nursing and other professions. They shall refrain
effective by 1998. from making unfair and
Continuing education programs may be offered by: national unwarranted comments or criticisms on their competence,
professional nursing conduct, and procedure or do
association such as PNA, LGN and ANSAP; professional anything that will bring discredit to a colleague and to any
organizations representing member of the other
various nursing specialties; health agencies with specialties and professions.
employing agencies in Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
the form of in-service training programs. Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, page 84
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia
Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, 51. The nurse teaches a client how to prepare for a barium
page 158-160 enema. Which statement by
Situation: Ms. Baluyot is the newly appointed manager of the client
primary hospital in Sta. Fe. indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?
As a new Manager, she deems it appropriate that she gains a. “I’ll cleanse my bowel with laxatives and enemas before the
competence in her test.”
professional responsibilities. b. “I’ll receive a muscle relaxant during the test.”
48. Ms. Baluyot knows that the fundamental responsibility of a c. “I’ll drink a contrast medium during the test.”
nurse is in fourfold. d. “I’ll stop eating red meat 3 days before the test.”
Which is the most Answer: A
basic of these responsibilities? Rationale: Barium sulfate is administered rectally. To ensure
a. Promote Health c. Restoration of Health that it adheres to the
b. Prevention of Illness d. Alleviation of Suffering lower portion of the intestine, the area must be properly
Answer: A cleaned, using laxatives and
Rationale: As independent practitioners, nurses are primarily enemas. A muscle relaxant isn’t administered during the test.
responsible for the Barium sulfate isn’t
promotion of health. administered orally (C). The client is put on a liquid diet the
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia night before the procedure
Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, and receives nothing by mouth the morning of the procedure.
page 205 Source: Springhouse Review for NCLEX RN, 5 th edition, 2002,
49. Which of the following demonstrates the responsibility page 605
towards her profession? 52. The infusion site of your client is edematous and reddened.
1. Participate in the development and implementation of Your client is
standards of Nursing practice complaining of pain
her department. along the vein. What should you do FIRST?
2.Ensures that the core competencies of her staff are a. Check the IV solution and refer immediately
enhanced. b. Stop infusion and reinsert the IV immediately
3. Participates in the activities of the local chapter of the PNA c. Place a warm compress over the IV site
and ANSAP d. Slow down the IV infusion
4. Lobbies for the implementation of the incentives and benefit Answer: B
system for Nurses and Rationale: If an infiltration is present, stop the infusion and
dependents as stipulated in the law. remove the catheter. Restart
a. 1,2,3 b. 2,3,4 c. 3,4 d. 1,2,3,4 the infusion at another site.
Answer: D Source: Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and
Rationale: All of these demonstrate the responsibility of a nurse Practice by Barbara Kozier,
towards her 7 th edition, 2004, page 1394
profession. Nurses should assert the implementation of labor 53. The nurse is performing a wound irrigation and dressing
standards and lobby for change. Which action, if
favorable legislations to improve existing socio economic taken by the
conditions of nurses. Nurses nurse, would be a break in technique?
help to determine and implement desirable standards of a. Consistently facing the sterile field
nursing practice and nursing b. Washing hands before opening the sterile set
education. They must participate actively in the development c. Opening the bottle of irrigating solution and pouring directly
and growth of the nursing into a container
profession. They are enjoined to members of the PNA and avail on the
of the prevailing sterile field
continuing education unit privilege. d. Opening the sterile set so that the initial flap is opened away
Source: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia from the nurse
Venzon, 9 th edition, 2003, Answer: C
page 85 Rationale: After opening a sterile bottle the edge of the bottle is
50.When Ms. Baluyot is certain that Marie Flor, a new Nurse, is considered to be
not competent in taking contaminated. The nurse should pour a little solution out first to
care of wash away organisms
critically ill patient , she would not be ethical if she: on the lip of the opening and then pour from the same side of
Discusses this concern with Marie Flor herself the bottle into the sterile
Assigns another Nurse to the patient container on the sterile field.
Explains to Marie Flor the nature of the condition of the patient Source: NSNA NCLEX-RN Review by Alice Stein, 4 th edition,
and the need for a 2000, page127
competent Nurse to handle the increased demand for care 54. To prevent complications of immobility, which activities
Discusses to the other Nurse that Marie Flor is new and lacking would the nurse plan for the
in skills for the needs of first
the patient. postoperative day after a colon resection?
Answer: D
a. Turn, cough, and deep breathe every 30 minutes around the the application of a cooling blanket. The nurse should know that
clock which of the
b. Get the client out of bed and ambulate to a bedside chair following statements
c. Provide passive range of motion three times a day is true about the use of a cooling blanket?
d. It is not necessary to worry about complications of immobility a. Cold application will increase the metabolic rate
on the first b. Vital signs should be monitored every 8 hours
postoperative c. The client should remain in one position to conserve energy
day. d. Skin hygiene and protection of body surface areas is
Answer: A essential
Rationale: To prevent complications of immobility, the nurse Answer: D
should teach the client to Rationale: Cold application lowers the metabolic rate and
turn, cough, and deep breathe every 30 minutes around the causes vasoconstriction in
clock for the first the area. Therefore, assessment of the skin, protection of the
postoperative day after a surgery. skin surfaces with oil, and
Source: Fundamentals if Nursing by Barbara Kozier, 7 th repositioning are all temperature will be monitored continually
edition, 2004, page 1068 with a rectal probe and
55. The nurse has received a report on assigned clients. In blood pressure, pulse, and respirations will be monitored
planning the initial frequently.
assessment of each Source: NSNA NCLEX-RN Review by Alice Stein, 4 th edition,
client, what approach should be implemented? 2000, page126
a. A thorough history of the hospitalization should be reviewed 59. How does the school health nurse, working with sexually
for trends in active teenagers,
care, incorporate the
responses to therapy, and currency of medication orders. concept of secondary prevention into practice?
b. An assessment should be done to determine the client’s a. By setting up a birth control clinic in the school health office
current status and b. By attending health curriculum meetings to ensure that
the contraceptive
development of complications and to determine whether any information is
changes in nursing care included in a unit on sexuality
are necessary c. By teaching a group of parents about the problems of
c. A complete head-to- toe physical examination should be adolescent pregnancy
conducted with d. By referring a pregnant adolescent for prenatal care
emphasis on Answer: D
current health care problems Rationale: The nurse knows that secondary prevention efforts
d. All laboratory results for the past 24 hours should be are directed toward
reviewed to determine promoting early case findings so that prompt intervention can
changes be instituted.
that have occurred in the client’s condition and to plan effective Source: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN by JoAnn
nursing care Zerwekh, 6 th edition,
Answer: B 2006,page 614
Rationale: An initial focused assessment should be conducted 60. As the nurse assists a client with breathing exercises, the
to determine the client’s client says, “I don’t feel
current status with regard to his primary health care needs. any better. Why
Source: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN by JoAnn should I bother learning how to do these exercises?” How
Zerwekh, 6 th edition, should the nurse
2006,page 614 respond?
56. A client receives instructions about high-calcium foods. The a. Tell the client that the physician ordered the exercises
client shows an b. Encourage the client to express feelings
understanding of c. Ask if the client would like to do the exercises at another time
these instructions by selecting which food as highest in d. Inform the physician of the client’s statements
calcium? Answer: B
a. Liver b. Yogurt c. Bran muffin d. Carrots Rationale: A client who is upset with the treatment regimen
Answer: B should be given the
Rationale: Milk, milk products, and some green vegetables are opportunity to express feelings. The other options don’t provide
good sources of this opportunity.
calcium. The other options are lower in calcium. Source: Springhouse Review for NCLEX RN, 5 th edition, 2002,
Source: Springhouse Review for NCLEX RN, 5 th edition, 2002, page 585
page 590 61. The physician orders an upper GI series for a client with GI
57. The following are correct nursing actions when taking the complaints. The nurse
radial pulse EXCEPT: teaches the
a. put the palms downward client about the upper GI series. Which statement indicates that
b. use the thumb to palpate the artery the client
c. use two to three fingertips to palpate the pulse at the inner understands the
wrist instructions?
d. assess the pulse rate, rhythm, volume, and bilateral equality a. “I’ll have a special instrument passed through my mouth into
Answer: B my stomach.”
Rationale: A pulse is normally palpated by applying moderate b. “I’ll take several tablets the night before the test.”
pressure with the three c. “I’ll drink a contrast medium while X-rays are taken.”
middle fingers of the hand. d. “I’ll have a CT scan taken after I’m injected with a radioactive
Source: Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and substance.”
Practice by Barbara Kozier, Answer: C
7 th edition, 2004, page 498 Rationale: In an upper GI series, the client swallows barium and
58. The nurse is caring for a client who has a temperature of has x-rays of the
105º F (40.5ºC). The stomach taken. A, B, and D don’t apply to an upper GI series. A
physician orders gastroscope is passed
through the mouth into the stomach to observe the gastric Rationale: Stoicism is a common psychological response to
mucosa to perform pain, particularly in some
gastroscopy. The night before a gallbladder series, a client cultures. The remaining answers are assumptions that cannot
takes radiopaque tablets. A be made with this amount
CT scan isn’t a component of an upper GI series. of information.
Source: Springhouse Review for NCLEX RN, 5 th edition, 2002, Source: Successful test-taking learning strategies for nurses by
page 582 Marian Sides, 3 rd
62. Which statement by the nurse best indicates a correct edition, 1998, page 345
understanding of “log rolling” 66. The nurse is teaching a client who is scheduled for a
when moving paracentesis. Which of the
a client? following
a. One nurse may perform this task alone statements, if made by the client to the nurse, indicates that
b. Pillows are needed for positioning in order to provide support teaching has been
c. The legs should be moved before the head is moved successful?
d. Keeping the neck in a straight position is the primary concern a. “I will be in surgery for less than one hour.”
Answer: B b. “I must not void prior to the procedure.”
Rationale: A pillow should be placed between the knees/legs for c. “the physician will remove 2-3 L of fluid.”
support while the d. “I will lie on my back and breathe slowly.”
client is being turned. It takes two or three nurses to do log Answer: C
rolling. The whole spinal Rationale: Fluid removed slowly to decrease ascites; can
column should be kept straight and the entire body moved at remove up to 4-6 L in sever
once. cases
Source: NSNA NCLEX-RN Review by Alice Stein, 4 th edition, Source: Kaplan NCLEX-RN, 2003-2004 edition, page 256
2000, page126 67. For which of the following signs should the nurse monitor
63. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the client during
thoracentesis? paracentesis?
a. NPO is required after the procedure a. Hiccups b. incontinence c. fever d. syncope
b. The patient should remain immobile during the procedure Answer: D
c. The patient should remain flat on bed for at least 4 hours Rationale: During paracentesis observe the client loosely for
after the procedure vertigo, faintness
d. The procedure is contraindicated for COPD clients (syncope) diaphoresis, pallor, heightened anxiety, tachycardia,
Answer: B dyspnea and
Rationale: Make sure the patient is firmly supported. Remind hypotension.
the patient not to cough, Source: Nursing Procedures by Springhouse, 3 rd edition,
deep breathe deeply or move suddenly during the procedure to 2000, page 577-578
avoid puncture of the 68. A nurse checks on a patient awaiting surgery the following
visceral pleura or lung. morning and finds her
Source: Nursing Procedures by Springhouse, 3 rd edition, alone quietly
2000, page 486 weeping. Which of the following would be the most appropriate
64. What is the most effective method for obtaining an accurate initial response of
blood pressure reading the nurse?
from a client? a. Leave the room quietly and close the patient’s door
a. Obtain a cuff that covers the upper one third of the client’s b. Apologize for disturbing the patient and return to the room
arm later
b. Position the cuff approximately 4 inches above the c. Sit with the patient silently and use therapeutic touch
antecubital space d. Ask the patient if there is a family member the patient would
c. Use a cuff that is wide enough to cover the upper two thirds like to be with.
of the client’s arm Answer: C
d. Identify the Korotkoff sounds, and take a systolic reading at Rationale: Sitting with the patient and using touch
10 mm Hg after therapeutically conveys the nurse’s
the first interest in and concern for the patient, which will help to reduce
sound the patient’s
Answer: C preoperative fears and anxieties. A and B convey a message of
Rationale: To obtain an accurate reading in an adult, the blood avoidance of the patient
pressure cuff should and offer no support to the patient. D is ineffective because the
cover the upper two thirds of the client’s arm; it should be nurse is not offering
positioned approximately 2 himself or herself, but rather a family member to support the
inches above the antecubital space. The systolic reading is patient.
obtained with the first of Source: Successful test-taking learning strategies for nurses by
Korotkoff sounds. Marian Sides, 3 rd
Source: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN by JoAnn edition, 1998, page 255-256
Zerwekh, 6 th edition, 69. The homecare nurse is performing chest physiotherapy on
2006,page 614 an elderly client with
65. The nurse suspects that a client is in severe pain even chronic airflow
though he denies it and limitations (CAL). Which of the following actions should the
refuses pain nurse take first?
medications. The nurse understands that he or she may be a. Perform chest physiotherapy prior to meals
dealing with a person b. Auscultate the chest prior to beginning the procedure
who: c. Administer bronchodilators after the procedure
a. Uses stoicism as a psychological response to pain d. Percuss each lobe prior to asking the client to cough
b. Is angry and hostile Answer: B
c. Gets needs met by being a martyr Rationale: Identify areas of the lung that require drainage;
d. Has a psychological need to punish himself auscultate chest at the end
Answer: A of procedure to determine effectiveness.
Source: Kaplan NCLEX-RN, 2003-2004 edition, page 256
70. The nurse is instructing a group of middle-aged women Rationale: In assessing the abdomen assist the client to a
anticipating mammography supine position, with the
as part of a arms placed comfortably at the sides.
cancer screening program. Which of the following instructions Source: Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and
should the nurse Practice by Barbara Kozier,
provide to the 7 th edition, 2004, page 594
group members? 74. A nurse is planning to teach a 4-day postoperative patient
a. “You should have nothing to eat or drink after midnight before about care of his incision,
your scheduled in preparation
mammogram.” for discharge. Which of these assessments of the patient
b. “You should not wear deodorant or talc of the day of your should cause the nurse to
mammogram.” postpone the
c. “An intravenous infusion will be started at a low flow rate just teaching session?
prior to your a. I’m anxious to go home to my family. I’m looking forward to a
scheduled good home-
mammogram.” cooked
d. “You should not wear a bra or constrictive clothing for several meal!”
hours following b. “It’s still a little sore where they did my surgery, but I manage
your pretty well.”
mammogram.” c. “I’m feeling nauseated now. I think that antibiotic is making
Answer: B me feel sick to my
Rationale: Use of deodorants or talcs interferes with stomach.”
mammographic screening. No d. “I didn’t realize this incision would be so big. Do you think I’ll
restriction of oral intake is necessary prior to diagnostic test. have a scar?”
Although some women Answer: C
may experience minimal breast tenderness following Rationale: This patient has an increased need for
mammography, there is no need communication with a health care
to restrict wearing of undergarments or constrictive clothing provider by virtue of his surgical experience. However, the
posttest. IV fluids are patient’s present nausea will
neither indicated nor used for this diagnostic testing. prevent him from focusing completely on the important
Source: Successful test-taking learning strategies for nurses by information being
Marian Sides, 3 rd communicated. The nurse should postpone the interaction with
edition, 1998, page 397 the patient until he is
71. Which one of the following actions by the nurse illustrates feeling more physically able to share in the communication
the principle that process.
evaluation is an Source: Successful test-taking learning strategies for nurses by
essential component in the achievement of effective pain relief? Marian Sides, 3 rd
a. Administering pain medication to her client promptly edition, 1998, page 254
b. Practicing guided imagery with her client 75. The nurse would likely restrict protein intake for which of the
c. Determining the quantity and quality of pain following patients?
d. Returning to the client 20 minutes after pain medication has a. An elderly patient with stasis ulcers on heels and ankles
been b. A teenage patient recovering from abdominal surgery
administered to assess effectiveness c. A middle-aged patient with advanced cirrhosis of the liver
Answer: D d. An adult patient hospitalized for exacerbation of COPD
Rationale: This nursing action evaluates the efficacy of the pain Answer: C
medication. The Rationale: Persons with liver failure require restriction of protein
remaining answers illustrate assessment and intervention intake because
strategies. nitrogen by-products of protein metabolism for ammonia, a
Source: Successful test-taking learning strategies for nurses by toxin to the neuromuscular
Marian Sides, 3 rd system. Patients in A and B would require increased protein
edition, 1998, page 345 intake to effect healing.
72. Which of the following is correct nursing action when The patient in D would benefit from increased protein intake to
collecting urine specimen from enhance general
a client with nutritional status.
indwelling urethral catheter? Source: Successful test-taking learning strategies for nurses by
a. collect urine specimen from the urinary drainage Marian Sides, 3 rd
b. detach the catheter from the connecting tube edition, 1998, page 367
c. use sterile needle and syringe to aspirate urine specimen Situation: A research study was undertaken in order to identify
from the drainage and analyze a disabled
port boy’s coping reaction to pattern during stress.
d. flush the catheter with sterile NSS before collection of urine 76. The study which is an in depth study of one boy is a:
specimen a. evaluative study c. cross-sectional study
Answer: C b. case study d. longitudinal study
Rationale: Sterile urine specimens can be obtained from closed ANSWER: B
drainage systems by RATIONALE: case study- an in-depth research study of a single
inserting a sterile needle attached to a syringe through a individual, single unit
drainage port in the tubing. or a single organization.
Source: Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Cross-sectional- is a research design that includes the
Practice by Barbara Kozier, collection of all data at one point
7 th edition, 2004, page 769 in time.
73. What is the BEST position of the client who will undergo Longitudinal- is a research design that includes a collection of
abdominal palpation? data over time.
a. Supine b. dorsal recumbent c. genupectoral d. SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using
trendelenburg research in practice by
Answer: A Carol L. Macnee, p396, 399
Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by c. scored and compared standard criteria
Lydia M. Venzon, p171 d. subjected to statistical treatment
77. Which of these does not happen in a descriptive study? ANSWER: C
a. manipulation of variables RATIONALE: reliability of the measure reflects how definite we
b. exploration of relationships between two or more phenomena can be that the
c. investigation of a phenomenon in real life context measure will yield the same data consistently if the actual or
d. exploration of relationships between two or more phenomena real variable stays the
ANSWER: A same. When quantitative data are collected using observation,
RATIONALE: Manipulation of variable does no happen I the rate of agreement, or
descriptive study. It is done in inter-rater agreement, tells us how consistent the observational
experimental designs and quasi-experimental designs. A measure was. Test-
descriptive design functions to retest reliability or a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is a statistics
portray as accurately as possible some phenomenon in that tells us how
interest. Descriptive design is consistently subjects respond to a set of items or questions. In
used to answer research questions that seek to describe. It all three cases, the goal
describes and interprets in quantitative research is to use measures that will most
what is, and reveals condition and relationship that exist or do consistently measure the
not exist, practice that variables of interest.
prevails or do not prevail, beliefs or point of view or attitudes SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using
that are held or not held, research in practice by
procedures that are continuing or otherwise effects that are Carol L. Macnee, p169
being felt or trend that are Situation: as a nurse you are expected to initiate or participate
developing. in conducting research
SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using studies to improve nursing practice. You have to be updated on
research in practice by the latest trends and
Carol L. Macnee, p198 issues affecting the profession and the best practices arrived at
Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by the profession.
Lydia M. Venzon, p94 80. You are interested to study the effects of meditation and
78. The investigator also provides the nursing care of the relaxation on the pain
subject. The investigator is experienced by
referred to as cancer patients. What type variable is pain?
a/an: a. dependent b. independent c. correlational d. demographic
a. advocate c. participant observer ANSWER: A
b. observer researcher d. caregiver RATIONALE: A variable is a quality, property or characteristic of
ANSWER: D a person or thing to be
RATIONALE: Caregiver- the caregiver role has traditionally studied that can be quantitatively measured. Choice A is correct
includes those activities answer. A dependent
that assist the client’s physical and psychologically while variable is the variable that is determined by, that is, depends
preparing the client’s dignity. upon, other variables in
The required nursing action may involve full care complete the study or in outcome variable of interest.
dependent client, partial care Choice B, the independent variables are those variables in the
for partially dependent client and supportive-educative care to study that are used to
assist clients in attaining explain or predict the outcome of interest, that is, the
the highest possible level of health and wellness. Caregiver independent variable. Other
encompasses physical, variable aside from independent, may affect the dependent
psychosocial, developmental, cultural and spiritual levels. variable. If not taken into
Advocate- The overall goal of the client advocate is to protect account, this may confuse the interpretation of the study. This
the clients’ rights. An are called confounding
advocate informs clients about their rights and provides them variables which are sometimes called extraneous and
with information they need uncontrolled variables.
to make informed decision. SOURCE: Introduction to Nursing Research: quest for quality
Observer researcher- stands out in the phenomenon being nursing by Lydia M.
studied and, as objectively Venzon, p60
as possible, records the acquired data. Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using research
Participant observation- the researcher intentionally imbeds in practice by Carol L.
himself into the Macnee, p58
environment from which data will be collected and becomes a 81. You would like to compare the support system of the patient
participant. From the with chronic illness to
perspective of the active participation in the experience and those with
lives of those studied the acute illness. What type of research is this?
researcher records observations, feelings, conversations and a. Descriptive b. experimental c. correlational d. quasi-
experiences regarding the experimental
phenomenon of interest. ANSWER: C
SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using RATIONALE: Choice C, correlational designs function to
research in practice by describe or to identify
Carol L. Macnee, p156 interrelationships among factors of interest. Because
Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by correlational designs describe the
Lydia M. Venzon, p117 relationships, occasionally it is called descriptive correlational
Fundamentals of nursing: concepts, process and practice, 7 th design. Descriptive
ed., by Kozier, p10 designs function to portray a phenomenon of interest.
79. To ensure the reliability of the study, the investigator’s Descriptive designs are used to
analysis and interpretations answer research questions that seek to describe. Experimental
were: design and quasi-
a. subjected to an inter-observer agreement experimental research designs functions to answer questions
b. correlated with a list of coping behavior involving prediction and
the effects of manipulation. part. After deciding how many members of the population will
SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using be in the study, the
research in practice by researcher uses some device, such as random number table or
Carol L. Macnee, p198, 200 a computer program to
82. In any research study where individual persons are select who will be in the study. The researchers arbitrarily pick a
involved, it is important that any number from a random
informed number table, which consist of rows and columns of numbers
consent for the study is obtained. The following are essential and then continuous in
information about the any direction of the table to select number. Because all possible
consent that numbers are
you should disclose to the prospective subject except: represented in the table, it is by chance alone that the numbers
a. assurance of anonymity and confidentiality of any particular
b. explanation of procedure member of the population be chosen.
c. consent to complete disclosure SOURCE: understanding nursing research: reading and using
d. description of benefits, risk and discomforts research in practice by
ANSWER: A Carol L. Macnee, p109-110
RATIONALE: Right to informed consent- informed consent has 85. Which of the following sampling methods allows the use of
two components- any group of research
recognition of self determination and thorough comprehension subjects?
of the proposed a. convenience b. purposive c. systematic sampling d. random
participation. The freedom to choose that will do the vital part of sampling
human being. The right ANSWER: A
to self determination is firmly established in the constitution and RATIONALE: convenience sample- a sample that includes
in moral beliefs. Every members of the population
code of ethics applicable to research studies states that free who can be readily found and recruited.
consent is prerequisite to Purposive sampling- is inclusion in a study of participants who
any human involvement. are intentionally selected
All subjects must have clear, explicit information about every because they have certain characteristics that are related to the
aspect of the research purpose of the study.
project- the procedure to be followed and the reasons; the Systematic random sampling- is an approach to selection of
exact nature of the individuals for the study
participant’s role, including time and energy requirements, the where the members of the population are identified and listed
risk and benefits and then members are
involved; any anticipation or potential loss or dignity or selected at a fixed interval from the list.
autonomy; any anticipated pain Random sampling- is a sample in which every member of the
or discomfort; psychological stress or embarrassment; and the population had an equal
way in which the data probability of being included.
will be handled and reported. Full disclosure is necessary to SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using
informed consent. research in practice by
SOURCE: Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality Carol L. Macnee, p395, 401, 402, 404
nursing by Lydia M. 86. You decided to include 5 barangays in your municipality and
Venzon, p130-132 chose a sampling
Situation: As a beginner in research, you are aware that method that would
sampling is an essential get representative samples from each barangay. What should
element of a research process. be the appropriate
83. What does a sample group represent? method for you
a. control group b. general population c. universe d. study to use in this care?
subjects a. cluster sample b. stratified sampling c. systematic sampling
ANSWER: D d.
RATIONALE: a sample is the smaller group, or subset of the random sampling
group, of interest that is ANSWER: A
studied in the research. RATIONALE: Cluster sampling- a small sample is taken from
Control group- is a group of subjects who do not received an various sections of the
intervention so that the population.
control group can be compared to those who received the Choice B, Stratified sampling- here, the population is
intervention. subdivided into areas, sections,
General population- the entire group of individuals about whom and then random samples are taken from each.
the researcher is Choice C, Systemic sampling- this consist of taking every nth
interested to study. person in school,
SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using community or telephone directory.
research in practice by Choice D, Random sampling- in this method, the selection of
Carol L. Macnee, p24, 200, 400 the sample is done by
84. Random sampling ensures that subjects have: chance.
a. an equal chance of section c. been selected based on set SOURCE: Introduction to Nursing Research: quest for quality
criteria nursing by Lydia M.
b. been selected systematically d. characteristic that match Venzon, p53
other samples Situation: You are actively practicing nurse who just finished
ANSWER: A your graduate studies.
RATIONALE: in a random sample, all the members of a You learn the value of research and would like to utilize the
population of interest must knowledge and skills gained
identified and listed and each member of a population is in the application of research into nursing service. The following
assigned to a number. question applies to
Therefore to select a random sample, all the members of the research.
sample frame must be 87. Which of the following studies is based on quantitative
research?
a. A study examining the bereavement process in the spouses that the risk of harm anticipated in the proposed research are
of the clients with not greater than those
terminal ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of
cancer routine examinations or
b. A study examining client’s feelings before, during and after a test.
bone marrow aspiration Sometimes, the subject may experience undue anxiety if the
c. A study exploring factors influencing weight control behavior instruments to be
d. A study measuring the effects of sleeping deprivation used are too sensitive as to evoke disturbing feelings.
ANSWER: B Debriefing is the process of
RATIONALE: Quantitative research progresses through disclosing to the subject all information that was previously
systematic, logical steps withheld. It may even be
according to a specific plan to collect numerical information, necessary that provision for referral to counseling be included
often under conditions of in the study protocol.
considerable control, that is a nalyz4ed using statistical With the concern of the protection of human research subjects,
procedures. The quantitative factors that
approach is usually associated with positivism, philosophical threaten bodily harm such as drug toxicity or those who
doctrine that emphasizes threaten a subject’s self-
the rational and scientific. Quantitative research is often viewed esteem, self worth, values, privacy and religious freedom
as “hard” science and should be disclosed. Some
uses deductive reasoning and the measurable attributes of risks may lasts beyond the study or may produce permanent
human experiences. damage, such as the use
SOURCE: Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process and of drug or devices.
practice, 7 th ed., by Kozier, SOURCE: Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality
p27 nursing by Lydia M.
88. Which of the following studies is based on qualitative Venzon, p132
research? 90. “A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to
a. A study measuring differences in blood pressure before, explain a given phenomenon”
during and after a best defines:
procedure. a. a concept c. a theory
b. A study examining client’s reactions to stress after open heart b. a conceptual framework d. a paradigm
surgery ANSWER: C
c. A study measuring nutrition and weight loss/gain in clients RATIONALE: A theory is an abstract explanation describing
with cancer how different factors or
d. A study examining oxygen levels after endotreacheal phenomenon relate.
suctioning A concept is a term or idea that has a specific meaning with the
ANSWER: B context of a general
RATIONALE: The qualitative approach is often associated with field of study; a notion that substitute for a definition with
naturalistic inquiry, several words, or an
which explores the subjective and complex experiences of abstraction that categorizes observation based on
human beings. Qualitative commonalities and differences.
research investigates “the human experiences as it is lived A paradigm is a kind of model framework for explaining or
through careful collection describing a theory that
and analysis of narrative, subjective materials”. Data collection includes methods, laws, traditions, encompasses a set of
and its analysis occur philosophical assumptions.
concurrently. Using the inductive method, data are analyzed by A conceptual framework is an underlying structure for building
identifying themes and and testing knowledge
patterns to develop a theory or framework that helps explain that is made up of concepts and the relationship among the
the processes under concept.
observation. SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using
SOURCE: Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process and research in practice by
practice, 7 th ed., by Kozoer, Carol L. Macnee, p404, 395
p28 Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by
89. An 85 years old client in a nursing home tells a nurse, “I Lydia M. Venzon, p172,
signed the papers for the 179
research study Situation: A nurse professor assigns a group of students to do
because the doctor was so insistent and I want him to continue data gathering by
taking care of me”. interviewing their classmates as the subject.
Which client 91. She instructed the interviewers not to tell the interviewees
right is being violated? that the data gathering
a. right of self determination c. right to privacy and are for his own
confidentiality research project for publication. This teacher has violated the
b. right to full disclosure d. right not to be harmed student’s right to:
ANSWER: A a. Disclosure b. not be harmed c. privacy d. self determination
RATIONALE: Right to be protected from harm- an informed ANSWER: A
consent is important to the RATIONALE: Right to informed consent- informed consent has
research plan so that an appropriate balance exists between two components-
potential benefits of the recognition of self determination and thorough comprehension
research and the risk assumed by the parents of the subjects. of the proposed
This is called the risk- participation. The freedom to choose that will do the vital part of
benefit ratio wherein the risk should outweigh by the benefits. human being. The right
Risk or harm is defined as to self determination is firmly established in the constitution and
the exposure of the subjects to the possibility of the injury in moral beliefs. Every
beyond everyday situations. code of ethics applicable to research studies states that free
This includes physical, emotional legal financial and social consent is prerequisite to
harm. Minimal risk means any human involvement.
All subjects must have clear, explicit information about every ANSWER: C
aspect of the research RATIONALE: feasibility- pertains to the availability of time as
project- the procedure to be followed and the reasons; the well as the materials and
exact nature of the human resources needed to investigate the research problem
participant’s role, including time and energy requirements, the or question. Conducting
risk and benefits studies involves the use of space, money, equipment, supplies,
involved; any anticipation or potential loss or dignity or computers, subjects,
autonomy; any anticipated pain research assistants and consultants.
or discomfort; psychological stress or embarrassment; and the Validity in research reflects how accurately the measures yield
way in which the data information about the
will be handled and reported. Full disclosure is necessary to true or real variable being studied. A measure is valid if it
informed consent. measures correctly and
SOURCE: Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality accurately what is intended to measure.
nursing by Lydia M. Researchability- means that the problem can be subjected to
Venzon, p130-132 scientific investigation.
92. A nurse preceptor observes that many clients are being Many significant problems that produce ambiguity and
admitted in the ward for the uncertainty in clinical situations
post operative may not be amenable to research.
infections. She suggested to the students that they do a Reliability in research means that a measure can be relied on
research on this topic. What consistently to give the
research same result if the aspects being measured have not changed.
activity is this? SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using
a. sharing research results with colleagues research in practice by
b. data collection Carol L. Macnee, p167, 169
c. developing guidelines for patient care Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process and practice, 7 th
d. identifying clinical problem ed., by Kozier, p29
ANSWER: D 95. Data analysis is to be done and the nurse researcher wants
RATIONALE: Once the research topic is selected, the research to include measures of
problem should be variability.
formulated as specifically as possible. A problem should These include the following except:
represent an action or change. a. Range b. Variance c. Mean d. Standard deviation
It may be geared toward practical real-life situations or it may ANSWER: C
represent a theoretical RATIONALE: A measure of variability indicates the degree of
situation that would expand nursing knowledge. dispersion or spread of
SOURCE: Introduction to Nursing: Quest for quality nursing by data. These includes, range, variance and standard deviation.
Lydia Venzon, p40-41 Range- is the extent or the spread of score from the highest to
93. Quantitative research involves numerical data. Which of the the lowest in a variable
following is based on or value.
quantitative Variance- is a statistic, that is, a number that can be used to
research?a. The effects of regular nurse visits to client’s show how much difference
bedside on the number of or variety exists in group of number.
client’s call to Standard deviation- is simply the square root of the variance,
the nurse. so it reflects the variety
b. A study on the effects of the white uniform of hospital among all the numbers.
personnel on pediatrics Mean is a measure of central tendency. Mean- means the
patients. average of all the values for
c. A study on benefits of pre-operative health instructions to variables- that is, the sum the sum of all the values divided by
clients feeling of anxiety. the number of values
d. A study on the effects of touch on the client’s of summed.
isolation.ANSWER: B SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using
RATIONALE: Quantitative research progress through research in practice by
systematic, logical steps Carol L. Macnee, p61, 63, 66
according to a specific plan to collect numerical information, Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by
often under conditions of Lydia M. Venzon, p181
considerable control, which is analyzed using statistical Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process and practice, 7 th
procedures. This quantitative ed., by Kozier, p30
approach is frequently associated with positivism or logical Situation: The use of massage and meditation to help decrease
positivism, a philosophical stress and pain have
doctrine that emphasizes the rational and scientific. been strongly recommended based on documented testimonial.
Quantitative research is often 96. Martha wants to study on the topic “The effects of massage
viewed as “hard” science and uses deductive reasoning and and meditation on
measurable attributes of stress and pain.”,
human experience. Choice B is the correct answer. the type of research that best suits this topic is:
SOURCE: Fundamentals of nursing: concepts, process and a. basic research c. quantitative research
practice, 7 th ed., by Kozier, b. applied research d. qualitative research
p25-26 ANSWER: A
94. Before the nurse researcher starts her study, she analyzes RATIONALE: Pure or basic research- the search for knowledge
how much time, many includes establishing
materials and fundamental theories or relationship among facts, which are not
people she will need to complete the research project. This intended for immediate
analysis prior to use for real life situation. It is useful in advancing scientific
beginning the study is knowledge or in furthering
called: research.
a. Validity c. feasibility Choice B, applied research- this type of research involves
b. Researchability d. reliability seeking new applications of
scientific knowledge in solving a problem, making a decision, be given to the rights of informed consent, the right to refuse or
developing or evaluating a withdrawal from
program, procedure or products. participation, the right to privacy, to confidentiality or anonymity
Choice C, quantitative research- because quantitative studies of data and to protection
uses numbers to from harm.
represent variables of interest and then, often apply statistical 1. Right to informed consent- informed consent has two
tests to allow inference, components- recognition of
we expect to see mostly number in the result of quantitative self determination and thorough comprehension of the
results. proposed participation. The
Choice D, qualitative research- this study’s purpose is to freedom to choose that will do the vital part of human being.
increase our understanding The right to self
some aspects of experiences, so the results of qualitative determination is firmly established in the constitution and in
studies describe what we moral beliefs. Every code of
found, usually by the gauge used by participants to support and ethics applicable to research studies states that free consent is
clarify the meaning of prerequisite to any
those concept. human involvement.
SOURCE: Understanding Nursing Research: Reading and All subjects must have clear, explicit information about every
Using Research in Practice aspect of the research
by Carol L. Macnee, p60 project- the procedure to be followed and the reasons; the
Introduction to Nursing Research: quest for quality nursing by exact nature of the
Lydia M. Venzon, p6-7 participant’s role, including time and energy requirements, the
97. This type of research design that does not manipulate risk and benefits
independent variable is: involved; any anticipation or potential loss or dignity or
a. non-experimental design c. quantitative design autonomy; any anticipated pain
b. quasi-experimental design d. experimental design or discomfort; psychological stress or embarrassment; and the
ANSWER: A way in which the data
RATIONALE: In a non-experimental research, it is easier to will be handled and reported. Full disclosure is necessary to
gain the cooperation of the informed consent.
study subjects in a non-experimental research. Study subjects 2. The right to refuse or withdraw from participation- just as the
are not exposed to person has the right
unpleasant, unusual or even burdensome conditions. to give consent; he has also the right to refuse. It should be
Choice B, quasi-experimental design lacks both control group clearly stated that their will
and random assignment. be no recrimination of any of the subject’s refusal. He may have
It may not include two groups at all. Instead it may involve a several reasons to
series of observations, withdraw. The subject may find his involvement tiring or more
followed by an intervention and another series of observations. embarrassing than
In this case there is a expected. His conditions may change. He may change his mind
manipulation of the independent variable but no control group. after further reflection
Choice C, quantitative design also manipulates variables. or after consulting a friend or relative, or he may find his
Choice D experimental design always includes a control group continuing participation
and a random inconvenient. The nurse should explore the reason for the
assignment to groups. A control group is a group who does not subject’s refusal and should
receive an intervention, support his right to do so. The possibility of withdrawing
so that the control group can be compared to those who do not however can minimize if, at the
receive the intervention. onset, the subject is given a careful and honest explanation of
This design includes manipulation of independent variable, what to be done.
random assignment and 3. Right to privacy- the right to privacy includes the privacy of
control group; therefore, it is experimental. one’s thought,
SOURCE: understanding nursing research: reading and using opinions and physical presence, and the privacy of one’s
research in practice by records. The right to control
Carol L. Macnee, p197, 200-201 the extent to which a person shares himself with others
98. Martha does review related literature for the purpose of: includes the freedom to decide
a. to identify if the problem can be replicated the schedule and the general circumstances under which he
b. gather data about what is already known or unknown about will share his beliefs and
the problem attitudes with one another.Each subject should be consulted
c. answering the research question about his willingness to
d. determining statistical treatment of data share his privacy.Arrange a convenient time and place for the
ANSWER: B subject and the
RATIONALE: A literature review is a synthesis of the literature investigator. Data collected from observation without the
that describes what is subject’s consent or
known or has been studied regarding the particular research knowledge is clearly violated of the right to privacy.
question or purpose. 4. Right to confidentiality and anonymity- research subject has
SOURCE: understanding nursing research: reading and using the right to expect
research in practice by that the date obtained about them will be handled in
Carol L. Macnee, p220 confidentially. Data should be
99. The client’s right to be protected when doing research using available only to research staff and should be reported
human subjects, anonymously. Remember that
Martha identifies this the subject gave consent for a specific propose only, which
right as follows except: means that the data should
a. right to self determination c. right to not to be harmed not be used for any other reasons. It should not be made in
b. right to compensation d. right to privacy public or available to others.
ANSWER: B 5. Right to be protected from harm- an informed consent is
RATIONALE: important to the
Protecting human subjects means protecting their legal and research plan so that an appropriate balance exists between
moral rights. Attention must potential benefits of the
research and the risk assumed by the parents of the subjects.

This is called the risk-
benefit ratio wherein the risk should outweigh by the benefits.
Risk or harm is defined as
the exposure of the subjects to the possibility of the injury
beyond everyday situations.
This includes physical, emotional legal financial and social
harm. Minimal risk means
that the risk of harm anticipated in the proposed research are
not greater than those
ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of
routine examinations or
test.
SOURCE: Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality
nursing by Lydia M.
Venzon, p130-132
100. What is considered the most current priority for nursing
research?
a. Improvements in patient care and outcomes
b. Problems relating to nurse professional identity
c. Content of nursing curricula
d. Staffing and shortage problems
Answer: A
Rationale: In the nursing profession, research is undertaken to:
Provide a scientific basis for the nursing profession
Develop and evaluate new technique for delivering patient care
that is attuned to
patient’s health needs
Develop tools for assessing the effectiveness of nursing
interventions
Provide solutions to problems concerning health maintenance,
health delivery
and health care.
Help determine the areas of need relative to nursing practices
such as patient-
teaching and nurse- patient relationships.
Source: Introduction to Nursing Research Quest for Quality
Nursing. Venzon. Page 9-
10

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