DR KOUSHI K RAY

Development of brain -II

DEVELOPMENT OF
CEREBELLUM & MIDBRAIN
DEVELOPMENT OF CEREBELLUM
The ventral wall of metencephalon develops into the
pons
Dorsal wall is occupied by cerebellum
RHOMBIC LIPS portion of alar
lamina that lines the outstretched
roof-plate.


Development of cerebellum
RHOMBIC LIPS rudiment of cerebellum

PRIMITIVE CEREBELLUM
Increase in pontine flexure approximates upper &
lower angles of 4
th
ventricle.
Subsequently , rhombic lips are compressed to form
DUMB-BELL shaped primitive cerebellum
FISSURES & SULCI
As development progresses , fissures & sulci appear
on the dorsal surface of the cerebellum.
Earliest sulcus is the postero-lateral sulcus
separates the nodule from the vermis & flocculus
from the hemispheres.


PHYLOGENETIC PARTS
ARCHICEREBELLUM flocculonodular lobe
is phylogenetically oldest ,
connects with vestibular nuclei to regulate
equilibrium & posture .
present in aquatic vertebrates.
ARCHICEREBELLUM
The cerebellum grows dorso-caudally ,
flocculonodular lobe appears on the anterior part of
the inferior surface.
FISSURES & SULCI
During 3
rd
month , more fissures become prominent.
FISSURA PRIMA V shaped , separates anterior
lobe.
FISSURA SECUNDA demarcates UVULA
POST-PYRAMIDAL FISSURE demarcates
PYRAMID

PALLEO-CEREBELLUM
PALLEO-CEREBELLUM
anterior lobe ,uvula & pyramid
regulates tone & posture of limbs
first appeared in birds.
NEO-CEREBELLUM
NEO-CEREBELLUM
posterior lobe ,
appeared last in land vertebrates
establishes connection with cerebral cortex ,
helps in co-ordinated voluntary movements to
perform skillful acts with
precision.
Other fissures are of no
clinical significance.
HISTOGENESIS OF THE CEREBELLUM
Initially , three primary layers ependymal , mantle
& marginal
Formation of external granular layer
HISTOGENESIS OF CEREBELLUM
Purkinjee , golgi , basket & stellate cells are released
inwards from external granular layer during 6
th

month of fetal life.
Differentiation of basket & stellate cells continue
upto 1-2 yrs of life
Young infants if treated with antiviral drugs which
blocks dna synthesis , produce severe damage to
cerebellum.
DEEP NUCLEI
DEEP CEREBELLAR NUCLEI the neuroblast cells
of the mantle zone , remaining close to roof of 4
th

ventricle , differentiate into dentate nucleus , nucleus
emboliformis , nucleus globosus , nucleus fastigii
MEDULLARY VELLUM
The metencephalic part of roof of 4
th
ventricle is
occupied by vermis of cerebellum.
Anterior medullary velum the portion of cerebellar
plate lying in front of the vermis.
Posterior medullary vellum the portion of
cerebellar plate lying behind vermis.
MOLECULAR REGULATIONc
Key signalling molecule at the junction of hind brain
& midbrain - FGF8
Induces subsequent gene expression
EN1 regulates development of tectum
EN2 regulates development of tegmentum

DEVELOPMENT OF MIDBRAIN
Midbrain retains the primitive character of brain
vesicle
The prominence of the mid brain is suppressed by
dorso-caudal growth of cerebral hemisphere
Sulcus limitans , alar & basal lamina


Alar lamina tectum
Basal lamina tegmentum
Central canal aqueduct of sylvius

TEGMENTUM
Tegmentum from the basal lamina , 2 groups of
motor neurons develop medially --
Somatic efferent rostrally oculomotor nucleus
caudally trochlear nucleus**
Laterally general visceral efferent Edinger-
Westphal nucleus of oculomotor nerve
CRUS CEREBRI
BASIS PEDUNCULI / CRUS CEREBRI bilateral
ventral projection of cortico-spinal , cortico-nuclear ,
cortico-pontine fibres invade the marginal zone ,
gradually become more prominent.

TECTUM
TECTUM
general somatic afferent mesencephalic part of
sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve*
Special somatic afferent superior colliculus* &
inferior colliculus*
Histogenesis of red nucleus & substantia nigra is
doubtful many believe it to arise from alar laminae

Mesencephalic part of cr nv. V
MOLECULAR REGULATION
Ventral patterning is controlled by SHH
Secreted by pre-chordal plate
Dorsal patterning is controlled by BMPs