Adamson University

Manila
College of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
Experiment 4
POWDERED DETERGENT
Group # 6
Name Student Number
Signature
1. Bolibol, Vincent drian !. "#1"1$111
". Coloma, Gill%n & "#1"11'(6
$. )a*cual, !onald )atric+ D,. "#1"1#"-#
(. Viguilla, .am )auline E. "#1"11"$'
/. 0abut, .edidiah S. "#1"1"611
Date of E2periment3 ugu*t 6, "#1(
Date of Submi**ion3 ugu*t 1$, "#1(
4n*tructor3 Engr. nabella C. Vilando
ABSTRAT
5hi* e2periment aim* to prepare a po6dered detergent
that ha* cleaning propertie* in dilute *olution*. 5hi* i* done
b% mi2ing and pre**ing *urfactant* 7,BS and C8S9,
builder* 7*oda a*h, *pec+le* and *odium *ulfate9 and
additi:e* 7*cent oil9 together. 5he e2perimenter* 6ere able
to prepare a po6dered detergent and 6ere able to learn it*
component* and their function*.
!NTRODUT!ON
Detergent* 6ere de:eloped in re*pon*e to the *hortage
of fat* for ma+ing *oap during the ;orld ;ar 4. 4t 6a* al*o
dri:en b% the need for a cleaning agent that, unli+e *oap,
6ould not combine 6ith the mineral *alt* in 6ater to form an
in*oluble *ub*tance +no6n a* *oap curd.
<ther6i*e +no6n a* *%nthetic *oap or non=*oap
cleaning agent, detergent* are compo*ed of chemical
*%nthe*i>ed material* namel%3 *urfactant*, builder* and
additi:e*.
Surfactant* are the ba*ic cleaning ingredient of a
detergent. 4t lo6er* *urface ten*ion bet6een t6o li?uid* or a
li?uid and a *olid. 4n laundering, *urfactant* *eparate oil*
and dirt from clothe*. &oreo:er, builder* or 6ater *oftener*
boo*t the cleaning e@ect of *urfactant* b% the remo:al of
calcium and magne*ium ion* in 6ater. 8urthermore,
additi:e* include3 *cent or fragrance, bleach, corro*ion
inhibitor*, fabric brightener* and antimicrobial agent*.
5he e2periment aim* to inform ho6 mi2ture* of
di@erent ba*e* increa*e the e@ecti:ene** of the detergentA
to inform the proportion* of the component* of a detergentA
and to be able to prepare a po6dered detergent.
APPARATUSES"
1. Ba*in
". /# m, Graduated c%linder
RAW MATER!A#S"
SUR$ATANTS"
1. 1"/ g linear al+%l ben>ene *ulfonate 7,BS9 po6der
7grea*e remo:er9
". 1"/ g coconut fatt% alcohol *ulfate 7C8S9 po6der
7*oap=ba*e9
BU!#DERS"
$. "/# g *oda a*h
(. '1"./ g *odium *ulfate
/. 1"./ g *pec+le*
ADD!T!%ES"
6. $.-/ m, *cent oil
PROEDURES"
1. 4n a ba*in, mi2 1"/ gram* ,BS po6der and "/# gram*
of Soda *h.
". dd 1"/ gram* of C8S po6der and '1"./ gram*
*odium *ulfate. &i2.
$. dd 1"./ gram* *pec+le* and $.-/ m, *cent oil. )re**
and mi2 6ell.
OBSER%AT!ONS
5he preparation of po6dered detergent in:ol:ed mi2ing
of po6dered *urfactant* and builder*. &i2ing ,BS and *oda
a*h %ielded a dirt% 6hite po6der mi2ture. Bo6e:er, the
addition of C8S and *odium *ulfate made the mi2ture
appear 6hiter. &oreo:er, the addition of *pec+le* re*ulted to
e:en di*tribution of blue=colored particle* to the mi2ture.
8urthermore, the *cent ga:e and riel C li+e or commerciall%
*old detergent C li+e *mell to the mi2ture. 5hi* mi2ture 6a*
pre**ed and mi2ed thoroughl%. 5he e2perimenter* found the
mi2ture to ha:e intact particle* and it 6a* *trained to
impro:e te2ture ?ualit%.
ON#US!ON
5he e2perimenter* 6ere able to prepare a po6dered
detergent and 6ere able to learn the proportion of it*
component* and their function*. l*o, the e2perimenter*
dre6 to clo*e that the mi2ture of di@erent ba*e* are
generall% builder* 6hich impro:e* the eDcienc% of
*urfactant* b% reducing the hardne** of 6ater. 5herefore,
thi* e@ect i* the rea*on 6h% mi2ture* of di@erent ba*e*
impro:e the eDcienc% and ?ualit% of po6dered detergent*.