PCs CORBEL

Version 03/2009
Benets of PCs Corbel
Easiest way to cast more than 2 corbels at the same height
The corbel is installed after casting, therefore the columns formwork an be
re-used
Corbels on site adjustment on both vertical and horizontal directions after
casting
Easy and fast beam installation; no separate installation parts
Allows length tolerance of the beam
Small size: ts into low beams and slabs, suitable for demanding architectonical
constructions
No separate re protection
Variety of capacities sizes: novelty for small loads PCs 2
Peikkos benets:
Reliable: passed demanding test
program
Competetive price and delivery time
Economical and easy to use in de-
signing, manufacturing and installa-
tion of the elements
For technical support, please contact
us at lifting.systems@peikko.com
or 1-888-PEIKKO-1
PCs CORBEL
Printed in Canada
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Read, understand and follow the information in this publication
before using any of the Peikko product displayed herein. When
in doubt about the proper use or installation of any Peikko lifting
product, immediately contact the Peikko Engineering Services for
clarication.
Peikko guarantees the products it manufactures only when
used by qualied, experienced and properly supervised workmen
adhering to the safety factor standards detailed below. Misuse,
misapplication or lack of proper supervision and/or inspection can
result in serious accidents. If you have unusual applications or are
uncertain about a product application, contact Peikkos Engineering
Services for clarication and carefully eld test the application prior
to general use.
The user of a Peikko product must evaluate the product application
to determine the safe working load and control all eld conditions
to prevent application of loads in excess of a products safe
working load. The Safety Factors Table shown in this publication
are approximate minimum values. The data used to develop
safe working loads for products displayed in this publication is a
combination of actual testing and/or other industry sources.
Recommended safe working loads given for the products in the
publication must never be exceeded. Safety factors are determined
by the degree of risk involved in the use of the product and are
established by the American Concrete Institute (ACI), Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and American National
Standards Institute (ANSI).
All products displayed in this publication have the applicable
safety factor used to derive their safe working loads. This does
not relieve the user of the responsibility to carefully calculate and
determine the actual loads that will be applied in a specic product
application.
WORN WORKING PART
For safety, concrete accessories must be properly used and
maintained. Concrete accessories shown in this publication may
be subject to wear, overloading, deformation, intentional alteration
and other factors that may affect the devices performance. All
reusable accessories must be inspected regularly by the user to
determine if they may be used at the rated safe working load or
removed from service. The frequency of inspections depends
upon factors such as (but not limited to) the amount of use, period
of service and environment. It is the responsibility of the user
to schedule hardware inspections for wear and to remove from
service when wear is noted.
WELDING CONSIDERATIONS
Peikko cannot control eld conditions or eld workmanship;
therefore it cannot guarantee any Peikko product that has been
altered in any ways after it has left the manufacturing facility. This
includes welding, bending, ling, etc. Never weld to a casting
unless authorized by a lisenced metallurgical engineer. Welding to a
casting can cause localized embrittlement that greatly reduces the
load-carrying capacity of the casting. Tack welding to wire products
can have the same effect.
PRODUCT DESIGN AND SAFE WORKING LOAD
CHANGES
As a manufacturer of quality concrete accessories, Peikko reserves
the right to change product designs and/or product safe working
load ratings at any time without prior notice to prospective users.
Any such changes will only be made to improve the product or to
increase product safety.
CORROSION OF THE PRODUCTS
Corrosion may occur on exposed metal products when architectural
precast members are etched or acid washed. The amount of
corrosion will depend on the acidity of the wash and/or the type of
chemicals used.
EMBRITTLEMENT
Carbon steels, cold-worked steels and heat treated steels are
susceptible to embrittlement in both electroplating and hot dip
galvanizing operations. Any severely cold-worked steel must be
stress-relieved from strain aging by baking prior to electro-plating
or hot dip galvanizing. Any steel with signicant high strength or
high carbon content is susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement
during electro-plating or hot dip galvanizing.It must be baked
after the coating is applied to drive out excessive hydrogen.
WARNING : Products manufactured from high carbon steel that are
electro-plated or hot dip galvanized must be properly heat treated
to minimize embrittlement. Failure to properly heat treat these
products may cause a compromise of their safe working loads and
result in a premature failure of the product.
CAPACITIES
Please note that the information contained in graphs, tables and
gures is provided only as a guideline. Local authorities having
jurisdiction should be consulted prior to plan submission.
Improper Use of the Peikko Products Can Cause Severe Injuries or Death
CONTENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM ...........................................5
2. DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS ...........................................5
2.1 The column part and the corbel parts ............................................................ 6
2.2 Beams ............................................................................................................. 7
3. MANUFACTURING ...............................................................8
3.1 Manufacturing method ................................................................................... 8
3.2 Manufacturing tolerances .............................................................................. 8
3.3 Quality control ............................................................................................... 8
4. CAPACITIES .........................................................................8
5. APPLICATION .....................................................................9
5.1 Limitations for application ............................................................................. 9
5.2 Design principles ............................................................................................ 9
5.2.1 Requirements of the concrete and correction factors for capacities .......... 9
5.2.2 Minimum edge distances and minimum sizes of the bearing structures .. 9
5.2.3 Moment of the column ................................................................................... 11
5.2.4 Torsion ............................................................................................................. 12
5.2.4.1 Erection situation ............................................................................................................... 12
5.2.4.2 Final construction ............................................................................................................... 13
5.2.5 Additional reinforcement and things to be marked on drawings .............. 14
5.2.6 Fire protection and environmental classes .................................................. 27
6. INSTALLATION ...................................................................28
6.1 Installation of the parts ................................................................................. 28
6.2 Installation of the corbel parts and installation tolerances .......................... 28
6.3 Beam installation and installation tolerances ............................................... 29
6.4 The grouting of the joint ............................................................................... 29
7. INSTALLATION CONTROL ...................................................29
7.1 Installation control of the parts .................................................................... 29
7.2 Installation control of the corbel parts ......................................................... 29
7.3 Installation control of the beam .................................................................... 29
8. THINGS TO DO WHEN TOLERANCES ARE EXCEEDED .......30
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1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
The Peikko

PCs Corbel System is designed to support steel, com-

posite and reinforced concrete beams, to reinforced concrete co-
lumns and walls.
This brochure introduces the Corbel System in use with steel and
composite beams. The Corbel System in use with reinforced and
prestressed concrete beams is shown in a brochure called: Beam
Shoes for Peikkos PC Corbel System.
Connection consists of:
- a column part and corbel parts
- a beam end plate
The column part is placed into the reinforcement of the column at
moulding.
The corbel parts (a corbel plate, washers and two bolts) are screwed to the column after casting at a plant.
A link to the corbel is made with the end plate of the precast or the composite beam.
The beam is installed to the corbel by placing the corbel into the pocket at end of the beam.
The joint between the column and the beam is casted at the same time with the joins between the hollow core slabs. At the
same time the whole beam (Deltabeam) or at least the end part of the beam (WQ-beam) is lled with concrete.
Figure 1. Peikko PCs UP Corbel System with Deltabeam (left) and PCs Corbel System with Deltabeam (right).

PCs-UP Corbel PCs Corbel
2. DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS
Plates
S355J2+N EN 10025:2006
S355JO EN 10025:2006
Ribbed bars
A500HW/ BSt500S SFS 1215
Bolts
property class 10.9 ISO 4014, DIN 931
Washers
property class 10.9 ISO 7416, DIN 6916
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PCS CORBEL
2.1 The column part and the corbel parts
Table 1. Dimensions, Weights and Painting marks of the column part and the corbel parts
CORBEL SIZE
PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10
CORBEL PARTS:
H1
[in] 6-1/8 6-1/8 8 8-7/8 11
[mm] 155 155 205 225 280
L1
[in] 3 3-5/8 4-3/8 4-3/8 4-5/8
[mm] 76 92 112 112 117
B1
[in] 2-3/8 3-1/8 3-1/2 4-5/16 5-11/16
[mm] 60 80 90 110 145
COLUMN PART:
H2
[in] 8-1/4 2-1/4 12-3/8 13-3/4 15
[mm] 210 235 315 350 380
H3
[in] 19-3/4 19-13/16 23 23-7/16 30-5/32
[mm] 502 503 586 596 766
t2
[in] 1-1/8 1-9/16 2 2 2-3/8
[mm] 30 40 50 50 60
L3
[in] 4-15/16 5-1/2 5-15/16 5-11/16 6-5/16
[mm] 125 140 150 145 160
B2
[in] 4-9/16 5-5/32 5-15/16 8-11/32 8-3/4
[mm] 116 135 150 212 222
d3
[in] 5/8 25/32 1 1-1/4 1-1/4
[mm] 16 20 25 32 32
Weight
[lbs] 28.2 48.3 83.8 128.7 187.4
[kg] 12.8 21.9 38.0 58.4 85.0
Color
red grey yellow green blue
Table 2. Dimensions, Weights and Painting marks of the column part and the corbel parts of the UP -model.
CORBEL SIZE
PCs 2 UP PCs 3 UP PCs 5 UP PCs 7 UP PCs 10 UP
CORBEL PARTS:
H1
[in] 6-3/32 6-3/32 8-1/16 8-7/8 11
[mm] 155 155 205 225 280
L1
[in] 3 3-5/8 4-3/8 4-3/8 4-5/8
[mm] 76 92 112 112 117
B1
[in] 2-3/8 3-5/32 3-1/2 4-5/16 5-11/16
[mm] 60 80 90 110 145
COLUMN PART:
H2
[in] 8-1/4 9-1/4 12-3/8 13-3/4 15
[mm] 210 235 315 350 380
H3
[in] 19-3/4 19-13/16 23-1/16 23-7/16 30-1/8
[mm] 502 503 586 596 766
H4
[in] 3-15/16 4-9/16 6-1/4 6-7/8 7-1/2
[mm] 100 116 158 175 190
t2
[in] 1-1/8 1-9/16 2 2 2-3/8
[mm] 30 40 50 50 60
L4
[in] 4-15/16 7-7/8 9-27/32 8-1/4 10-1/4
[mm] 125 200 250 210 260
B2
[in] 4-9/16 5-5/16 5-7/8 8-5/16 8-3/4
[mm] 116 135 150 212 222
d3
[in] 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/4
[mm] 16 20 25 32 32
Weight
[lbs] 26.9 47.4 82.2 126.3 186.3
[kg] 12.2 21.5 37.3 57.3 84.5
Color
red grey yellow green blue
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2.2 Beams
Deltabeams
Table 3. The usability of the corbel size classes with Deltabeam when the under side of the corbel is at the same level as the under side of the slab.
Deltabeam
CORBEL
PCs 2/ 2UP PCs 3/ 3UP PCs 5/ 5UP PCs 7/ 7UP PCs 10/ 7UP
D20-200
D20-300
D20-400
D22-300
D22-400
D25-300
D25-400
D26-300
D26-400
D30-300
D30-400
D32-300
D32-400
D37-400
D37-500
D40-400
D40-500
D50-500
D50-600
= use range of the corbel
WQ-beams
Table 4. The use range of the corbel size classes and the measurements of the link with WQ-beam when the under side of the corbel is at the same level as the
under side of the slab.
WQ-beam
CORBEL
PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10
PCs 2 UP PCs 3 UP PCs 5 UP PCs 7 UP PCs 10 UP
All
BOTTOM PLATE:
B1
[in] 3-3/4 4-1/2 4-15/16 5-11/16 6-11/16
[mm] 95 115 125 145 170
L
[in] 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-3/4 3-3/4 3-15/16
[mm] 70 80 95 95 100
END PLATE:
t
[in] 19/32 25/32 1 1 1
[mm] 15 20 25 25 25
H1
[in] 6-1/8 6-1/8 8-1/16 8-7/8 11
[mm] 155 155 205 225 280
H2
[in] 4-7/8 4-15/32 6-7/32 6-5/8 8-1/16
[mm] 123.5 113.5 158 168 204.75
H3 min
[in] 1-3/4 1-3/4 2 2-3/8 2-3/4
[mm] 45 45 50 60 70
B2
[in] 2-1/21/32 3-1/41/32 3-11/61/16 4-1/21/16 5-15/161/8
[mm] 631 831 942 1142 150.53
R
[in] 1-1/4 1-5/8 1-7/8 2-1/4 2-31/32
[mm] 31.5 41.5 47 57 75.25
WQ 200
WQ 265
WQ 320
WQ 400
= use range of the corbel
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PCS CORBEL
3. MANUFACTURING
3.1 Manufacturing method
Plates Flame and mechanical cutting
Ribbed bars Mechanical cutting
Inner threads, saw teeth, holes Mechanical machining
Welding MAG by hand or with a robot
Welding class C (SFS-EN 25817)
3.2 Manufacturing tolerances
Column part: depth and width 1/8 ( 3 mm)
total height 3/8 ( 10 mm)
Corbel parts: width, height and thickness 1/8 ( 3 mm)
3.3 Quality control
Peikko is under the Inspecta for quality control. PCs Corbel System has certied product declarations. Products are marked
with the mark of the Inspecta, the emblem of Peikko, the type of the product, the year and the week of manufacturing.
4. CAPACITIES
Assembling tolerances has been taken into account in the capacities. The interaction curves of the shear force capacities and
the torsion capacities has to be checked according to gure 2.
The tension capacity is 20 % of the shear capacity force. A displacement parallel to a longitudinal axis of the beam usually hap-
pens before the fully tension capacity is reached (the beam moves towards the washer).
Table 5. Capacities.
PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10 PCs 15
PCs 2 UP PCs 3 UP PCs 5 UP PCs 7 UP PCs 10 UP PCs 15 UP
Shear force V
Rd
[kips]
49 78 130 160 227 337
[kN]
220 350 580 715 1015 1500
Torsion T
Rd
[kipf]
5 11 18 36 55 140
[kNm]
8 15 30 55 75 190
Axial Tension H
Rd
[kips]
10 15 25 31 44 67
[kN]
45 70 115 140 200 300
The capacities in this table are provided as guidelines, local authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted prior to plan submission.
Figure 2. The interaction curves of the shear force capacities and the torsion capacities.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200 250
Shear Capacity Vud [kips]
T
o
r
s
i
o
n

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

T
u
d

[
k
i
p
s
/
f
]
PCs 10 / PCs 10 UP
PCs 7 / PCs 7 UP
PCs 5 / PCs 5 UP
PCs 3 / PCs 3 UP
PCs 2 / PCs 2 UP

The capacitites in this graph are provided as guidelines, local authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted prior to plan submission.
The capacities in re situations are shown in the chapter 5.2.6. The designer has to check that loads in re situation are smaller
than the capacities shown.
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5. APPLICATION
This brochure of Peikkos PCs Corbel System introduces the connection of steel and composite beams to prefabricated or in-
situ casted concrete columns and walls.
5.1 Limitations for application
The capacities of the Corbel System have been calculated for static loads. In the case of dynamic and fatigue loads greater
safety factors have to be considered individually for each case.
If the application conditions are below -4F (-20C), it is necessary to consider using plates with better cold impact resistance.
5.2 Design principles
5.2.1 Requirements of the concrete and correction factors for capacities
The concrete strength grade of the column is fc= 4500 psi (40 MPa) in capacity calculations. Lower concrete strength grades
and lower structural classes have to be taken into consideration according to the table 6.
Shear load Vd on the connection
When there is only a shear load Vd on the con-
nection the capacity value presented in table 5
has to be multiplied by the value presented in ta-
ble 6. The designed shear load must be smaller
than the reduced capacity value.
Imperial Metric
The concrete strength of the column 3500 psi 30 MPa
The design value of the shear force 60 kips 270 kN
The capacity of the PCs 3 V
R,red
= 0.88 X 78 kips = 68.64 kips V
R,red
= 0.88 X 350 kN = 308 kN
PCs 3 is suitable for the connection V
R,red
> V
d
V
R,red
> V
d
Shear load V
d
and torsion T
d
on the connection
The interaction of the shear load Vd and the tor-
sion Td has to be checked according the gure
2. The designed loads are divided by the value
presented in table 6. The intersection point of
increased load values must be inside the capa-
city curve. The intersection point of these values
is inside the capacity curve of PCs 5, so PCs 5 is
suitable for the connection. These values have
to be divi-ded by the factor from the table 6.
Imperial Metric
The concrete strength of the column 3500 psi 30 MPa
The design value of the shear force V
d
= 64.5 kips V
d
= 287 kN
The design value of the torsion T
d
= 8.85 kipft T
d
= 12 kNm
V
d,incr
= 64.5/0.88 = 73.3kips V
d,incr
= 287/0.88 = 326 kN
T
d,incr
= 8.85/0.88 = 10.06 kipft T
d,incr
= 12/0.88 = 14 kNm
Table 6. Correction factors
f

c = 3000 psi f

c = 30 MPa f

c = 4000 psi f

c = 35 MPa
0.76 0.88
The factors in this table are provided as guidelines, local authorities having jusridiction should be consulted prior to plan submission.
5.2.2 Minimum edge distances and minimum sizes of the bearing structures
Column parts have been designed to be situated in the middle of the columns side. The minimum edge distance must be at
least the same as presented in tables 7 and 8 also in the case when the column part is placed eccentrically.
Standard column part can be used in all sides of the column at the same level. The minimum column sizes depend on the
dimensions of the column part and also on the anchoring of the column part, different cases are presented in tables 7 and 8.
The designer must check the capacity of the column and that the corbel ts into the column with the main reinforcement and
other steel parts. Anchoring of the main reinforcement of the column has to be taken care of when using the UP model. Auto-
Cad blocks on Peikkos homepage will help with this work.
10
PCS CORBEL
Table 7. The minimum column and wall sizes when using standard parts.
b1min / b2min d min
[in] [mm] [in] [mm]
PCs 2
11 / 11 280 / 280 11 280
PCs 3
11 / 11 280 / 280 11 280
PCs 5
11 / 11 280 / 280 11 280
PCs 7
15 / 15 380 / 380 15 380
PCs 10
15 / 15 380 / 380 15 380
b1min / b2min d min
[in] [mm] [in] [mm]
PCs 2
11 / 11 280 / 280 11-1/4 290
PCs 3
11-1/2 / 11 290 / 280 12-5/8 320
PCs 5
12-1/4 / 12-1/4 310 / 310 13-3/8 340
PCs 7
15 / 15 380 / 380 15 380
PCs 10
15 / 15 380 / 380 15-1/8 385
b1min / b2min d min
[in] [mm] [in] [mm]
PCs 2
12-1/4 / 12-1/4 310 / 310 13-7/8 350
PCs 3
14-3/16 / 14-3/16 360 / 360 15 380
PCs 5
15 / 15 380 / 380 15-3/4 400
PCs 7
19 / 19 480 / 480 19-3/4 500
PCs 10
19 / 19 480 / 480 20-1/2 520
b min e min
[in] [mm] [in] [mm]
PCs 2
7-7/8 200 5-1/2 140
PCs 3
7-7/8 200 5-1/2 140
PCs 5
7-7/8 200 5-1/2 140
PCs 7
7-7/8 200 6-7/8 175
PCs 10
8-3/4 220 6-7/8 175
Table 8. The minimum column sizes when using standard UP parts.

b1min / b2min d min
[in] [mm] [in] [mm]
PCs 2 UP
11 / 11 280 / 280 11 280
PCs 3 UP
11 / 11 280 / 280 11 280
PCs 5 UP
11-7/8 / 11 300 / 280 11 280
PCs 7 UP
15 / 15 380 / 380 15 380
PCs 10 UP
15 / 15 380 / 380 15 380
b1min / b2min d min
[in] [mm] [in] [mm]
PCs 2 UP
11 / 11 280 / 280 11-1/2 290
PCs 3 UP
16-1/8 / 11 410 / 280 17 430
PCs 5 UP
20 / 12-1/4 510 / 310 20-1/2 520
PCs 7 UP
17 / 15 430 / 380 18-1/2 470
PCs 10 UP
20-7/8 / 15 530 / 380 22 560
b1min / b2min d min
[in] [mm] [in] [mm]
PCs 2 UP
12-1/4 / 12-1/4 310 / 310 13-3/4 350
PCs 3 UP
18-7/8/ 18-7/8 480 / 480 19-1/4 490
PCs 5 UP
22-7/8 / 22-7/8 580 / 580 23-1/4 590
PCs 7 UP
22-7/8 / 22-7/8 580 / 580 23-5/8 600
PCs 10 UP
27-5/8 / 27-5/8 700 / 700 28-3/8 720
Double sided corbels can be used for example in case standard parts dont t inside the column. These are manufactured ac-
cording to the customers needs.
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Table 9. Codes for double sided corbels.
examples
[in] [mm]
PCs 2-2 / 15 PCs 2-2 / 380
PCs 3-2 / 15 PCs 3-2 / 380
PCs 5-2 / 15 PCs 5-2 / 380
PCs 7-2 / 15 PCs 7-2 / 380
PCs 10-2 / 15 PCs 10-2 / 380
PCs 2-2 / d=15 PCs 2-2 / d=380
PCs 3-2 / d=15 PCs 3-2 / d=380
PCs 5-2 / d=15 PCs 5-2 / d=380
PCs 7-2 / d=15 PCs 7-2 / d=380
PCs 10-2 / d=15 PCs 10-2 / d=380
PCs 2-2 / 15 UP PCs 2-2 / 380 UP
PCs 3-2 / 15 UP PCs 3-2 / 380 UP
PCs 5-2 / 15 UP PCs 5-2 / 380 UP
PCs 7-2 / 15 UP PCs 7-2 / 380 UP
PCs 10-2 / 15 UP PCs 10-2 / 380 UP
PCs 2-2 / d=15 UP PCs 2-2 / d=380 UP
PCs 3-2 / d=15 UP PCs 3-2 / d=380 UP
PCs 5-2 / d=15 UP PCs 5-2 / d=380 UP
PCs 7-2 / d=15 UP PCs 7-2 / d=380 UP
PCs 10-2 / d=15 UP PCs 10-2 / d=380 UP
Three and four sided corbels are manufactured to order. Contact Peikkos technical support with these.
5.2.3 Moment of the column
Caused by the vertical support reaction of the beam
The moment of the column caused by the vertical support reaction of the beam can be calculated with the values
shown in table 10.
Table 10. The eccentricity of the vertical support reaction of the beam.
M
xd
= V
d
(B/2 + e)
PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10
PCs 2 UP PCs 3 UP PCs 5 UP PCs 7 UP PCs 10 UP
e
[in] 1-11/16 1-7/8 2-3/16 2-3/16 2-3/16
[mm] 43 48 56 56 56
Caused by the bending of the beam
The additional moment caused by the bending of the beam is presented in table 11. This value has to be added to the moment
of the column. This value has been dened to be equal with the moment capacity of the corbel. True value of the additional
moment depends on how much do the column and the beam bend caused loads added after casting the joins. The values of
the additional moment has been calculated so that the distance between the under side of the corbel and the under side of the
beam is 1/2 (12.7 mm). If the distance is bigger the additional moment will be bigger. In this case contact Peikkos technical
support.
Table 11. The additional moment to the column. PCs UP has the same values.
PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10
M
xd
[kipf]
9 11 29 30 62
[kNm]
13 16 40 42 85
The capacities in this table are provided as guidelines, local authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted prior to plan
submission.
Caused by the torsion of the beam
The torsion of the beam T
d
causes the moment M
yd
in the column. The value of the moment: M
yd
= T
d
.
12
PCS CORBEL
5.2.4 Torsion
PCs Corbels are designed to transfer the shear force
and the torsion from steel and composite steel beam
to the column. The interaction of shear force and tor-
sion has to be checked according to gure 2. The inte-
raction during erection and the nal construction have
to be checked.
Other things that have to be checked in addition to the
capacity of the corbel:
- the capacity of the column against the bending mo-
ment caused by beams torsion
- does torsion cause too big deection to the column
- the capacity of the beam against torsion
- does torsion cause too big rotation to the beam
5.2.4.1 Erection situation
Torsion exists in beam when e.g.:
a) slabs are erected rst only to the one side of the
beam
b) span or weight of slabs are not the same on the
both sides of the beam
c) there are openings in the oor

When all the slabs are erected, torsion can be
a) non existing (=symmetric slabs on the both sides of the beam)
b) reduced (=asymmetric slabs on the both sides of the beam)
c) the same (= there are no slabs on the other side of the
beam = an edge beam)
The largest torsion during erection time has to be checked. Often
this exists when the slabs are erected rst only to the one side
of the beam. The interaction of torsion during erection T
d,er
and
support reaction during erection V
d,er
has to be checked according
to gure 2.
T
d,er
= F
d,er,1
x e
1
V
d,er
= F
d,er,1
+ F
d,er
F
d,er,1
= designed support reaction of the slabs own weight
and live load during erection on the end of the beam
e1 = eccentricity of the support reaction (=the distance of
the slabs support reaction from the centre line of the
corbel)
F
d,beam
= designed support reaction of the beams own weight
5.2.4.1.1 Example 1. (All examples were made with the following safety factors : 0.9 or 1.2 for own weights and 1.6 for live loads)
Longer slabs are erected rst on the one side of the beam. From the capacity curve we can see that PCs 5 is suitable
g
k
=
8
0

p
s
f
q
k
,
e
r
=
1
0

p
s
f
gk,beam = 295 plf
30 15
2
0

g
k
=
3
.
8

k
N
/
m
2
q
k
,
e
r
=
0
.
5

k
N
/
m
2
gk,beam = 4 kN/m
8000 4000
7
0
0
0
Imperial Metric
Fd,er,1 = 20 x 0.5 x 30 x 0.5 x ( 1.2 x 80 + 1.6 x 10 ) / 1000 = 16.8 kips Fd,er,1 = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x ( 1.2 x 3.8 + 1.6 x 0.5 ) / 1000 = 75.0 kN
e1 = 10. e1 = 275 mm
Td,er = 16.8 x 10 / 12 = 14 kipft Td,er = 75.0 x 0.275 / 12 = 20.6 kNm
Vd,er = 16.8 + ( 1.2 x 275 plf x 20 x 0.5 ) / 1000 = 20.1 kips Vd,er = 75.0 + ( 1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 ) / 1000 = 91.8 kN
5.2.4.1.2 Example 2.
Shorter slabs are erected rst on the one side of the beam. From the capacity curve we can see that PCs 3 is suitable.
Imperial Metric
Fd,er,1 = 20 x 0.5 x 15 x 0.5 ( 1.2 x 80 + 1.6 x 10) / 1000 = 8.4 kips Fd,er,1 = 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 ( 1.2 x 3.8 + 1.6 x 0.5) / 1000 = 37.5 kN
e1 = 10 e1 = 275 mm
Td,er= 8.4 x 10 / 12 = 7 kipft Td,er= 37.5 x 0.275 / 12 = 10.3kNm
Vd,er= 8.4 + 1.2 x 275 x 20 x 0.5 / 1000 = 11.7 kips Vd,er= 37.5 + 1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 / 1000 = 54.3 kN
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If the capacity of the corbel is exceeded, it is possible to :
a) select a bigger corbel with sufcient capacity
b) design the slabs erection order so that torsion will be reduce (-> an erection plan of the slabs)
c) support beams during the slabs erection (-> a support plan of the beams)
5.2.4.2 Final construction
Torsion during nal construction depends on the situation during casting the slabs joins and the loads after casting. After cas-
ting the joins of the slabs, torsion to the corbel caused by the live loads depends on the co-operation of the beam and the slabs.
A good co-operation can be achieved by reinforcing the joins. The reinforcement has to be anchored both into the beam and
the join of the slabs. There is no torsion in the corbel connection caused by bending and creeping of the slabs because of the deformation
ability of the corbel connection.
5.2.4.2.1 (Beam and slabs with good co-operation)
When the reinforcement in the join is able to transfer tensile force caused by torsion of live load, torsion of
the corbel doesnt increase after casting the joins. The interaction of torsion in the end of the erection.
T
d,er.nal
and designed support reaction of the nal construction Vd has to be checked. See example 3
T
d,er.nal
= F
d,er.nal,1
x e
1
- F
d,er.nal,2
x e
2

V
d
= F
d,1
+ F
d,2
+ F
d,beam
F
d,er.nal,1 or 2
= designed support reaction of own weight of the slabs at the end of the beam
e
1 or 2
= eccentricity of the support reaction
F
d,1 or 2
= designed support reaction of the slabs at the end of the beam in nal construction
F
d,beam
= designed support reaction of the own weight of the beam
5.2.4.2.2 (Beams and slabs with poor co-operation)
There are beams and slabs with poor co-operation, when the reinforcement in the join is not able to transfer
the tensile force caused by torsion of live load. First the sum of torsion, the end of erection Td,er.nal and
torsion of live load Td,add must be calculated. Then, the interaction of the sum and designed support reac-
tion of the nal construction Vd has to be checked. See example 4.
T
d,er.nal
+ T
d, add
= F
d,er.nal,1
x e
1
- F
d,er.nal,2
x e
2
+ F
d, add,1
x e
1
- F
d, add,2
x e
2

V
d
= F
d,1
+ F
d,2
+ F
d,beam
F
d,er.nal,1 or 2
= designed support reaction of own weight of slabs on the end of the beam
e
1 or 2
= eccentricity of the support reaction
F
d, add,1 or 2
= designed support reaction of the slabs of live load after erection on the end of the beam
F
d,1 or 2
= designed support reaction of the slabs on the end of the beam of the nal construction
F
d,beam
= designed support reaction of the own weight of the beam
5.2.4.2.3 Example 3. (Beams and slabs with good co-operation)
In this case, beams are not supported during erection. Torsion is caused by the length difference of the slabs. Safety factors for loads are selected so that the worst case will be
checked. The same safety factors are used when calculating designed support reaction of the beam. Torsion from the live load do not exist in the case of beams and slabs with good
co-operation and thats why live load is calculated with full weight applied on both sides of the beam.
Imperial Metric
F
d,er.nal,1
= 20 x 0.5 x 30 x 0.5 x 1.2 x 80 / 1000 = 14.4 kips F
d,er.nal,1
= 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x 1.2 x 3.8 / 1000 = 63.8 kN
F
d,er.nal,2
= 20 x 0.5 x 15 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 80 / 1000 = 5.4 kips F
d,er.nal,2
= 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 3.8 / 1000 = 23.9 kN
e
1
= e
2
= 10 e
1
= e
2
= 275 mm
T
d,er.nal
= 14.4 x 10 / 12 - 5.4 x 10 / 12 = 7.5 kipft T
d,er.nal
= 63.8 x 0.275 / 12 - 23.9 x 0.275 / 12 = 11.0 kNm
Designed support reaction of the beam in the case of torsion
V
d
= 20 x 0.5 x 30 x 0.5 / 1000 x ( 1.2 x 80 + 1.2 x 30 + 1.6 x 50 ) + 20 x 0.5 x 15 x 0.5 /
1000 x ( 0.9 x 80 + 1.2 x 30 + 1.6 x 50 ) + 1.2 x 275 x 20 x 0.5 / 1000 = 49.2 kips
V
d
= 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 / 1000 x ( 1.2 x 3.8 + 1.2 x 1.4 + 1.6 x 2.5 ) + 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 / 1000
x ( 0.9 x 3.8 + 1.2 x1.4 + 1.6 x 2.5 ) + 1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 / 1000 = 223.9 kN
The biggest designed support reaction of the beam in nal construction
V
dmax
= 20 x 0.5 x ( 30 x 0.5 + 15 x 0.5 ) x ( 1.2 x 80 + 1.2 x 30 +
1.6 x 50 ) / 1000 + 1.2 x 275 x 20 x 0.5 / 1000 = 51 kips
V
dmax
= 7 x 0.5 x ( 8 x 0.5 + 4 x 0.5 ) x ( 1.2 x 3.8 + 1.2 x 1.4 +
1.6 x 2.5 ) / 1000 + 1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 / 1000 = 231.8 kN
From the capacity curve, we can see that PCs 5 is suitable to transfer forces Vd and Td,er.nal to the column.
q
k
=
5
0
p
sf q
k
,e
r
=
1
0
p
sf
g
1
k
=
3
0
p
sf
g
k
=
8
0
p
sf
gk,beam = 275 plf
15 30
2
0

q
k
=
2
.5
k
N
/m
2
q
k
,e
r
=
0
.5
k
N
/m
2
g
1
k
=
1
.4
k
N
/m
2
g
k
=
3
.8
k
N
/m
2
gk,beam = 4 kN/m
4000 8000
7
0
0
0
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PCS CORBEL
5.2.4.2.4 Example 4. (Beams and slabs with poor co-operation)
In this case, beams are not supported during erection. Torsion is caused by the length difference of the slabs. Safety factors for loads are selected so that the worst case will be
checked. The same safety factors are used when calculating designed support reaction of the beam. Torsion from the live load do exist in the case of beams and slabs with poor co-
operation and thats why live load is calculated only on one side of the beam.
Imperial Metric
F
d,er.nal,1
= 20 x 0.5 x 30 x 0.5 x 1.2 x 80 / 1000 = 14.4 kips F
d,er.nal,1
= 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x 1.2 x 3.8 / 1000 = 63.8 kN
F
d,er.nal,2
= 20 x 0.5 x 15 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 80 / 1000 = 5.4 kips F
d,er.nal,2
= 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 3.8 / 1000 = 23.9 kN
e
1
= e
2
= 10 e
1
= e
2
= 275 mm
T
d,er.nal
= 14.4 x 10 / 12 - 5.4 x 10 / 12 = 7.5 kipft T
d,er.nal
= 63.8 x 0.275 / 12 - 23.9 x 0.275 / 12 = 11.0 kNm
After erection of slabs more support reactions will exist:
F
d,add,1
= 20 x 0.5 x 30 x 0.5 x ( 1.2 x 30 + 1.6 x 50 ) / 1000 = 17.4 kips F
d,add,1
= 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x ( 1.2 x 1.4 + 1.6 x 2.5 ) / 1000 = 79.5 kN
F
d,add,2
= 20 x 0.5 x 15 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 30 / 1000 = 2 kips F
d,add,2
= 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 1.4 / 1000 = 8.8 kN
T
d.add
= 17.4 x 10 / 12 - 2 x 10 / 12 = 12.83 kipft T
d.add
= 79.5 x 0.275 / 12 - 8.8 x 0.275 / 12 = 19.4 kNm
Total torsion: T
d
= T
d,er.nal
+ T
d, add
= 7.5 + 12.83 = 20.33 kipft Total torsion: T
d
= T
d,er.nal
+ T
d, add
= 11.0 + 19.4 = 30.4 kNm
Designed support reaction of the beam in the case of total torsion
Vd = 20 x 0.5 x 30 x 0.5 x ( 1.2 x 80 + 1.2 x 30 + 1.6 x 50 ) / 1000 + 20 x 0.5 x 15 x 0.5 x
( 0.9 x 80 + 0.9 x 30 ) / 1000 + 1.2 x 275 x 20 x 0.5 / 1000 = 42.5 kips.
V
d
= 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 / 1000 x ( 1.2 x 3.8 + 1.2 x 1.4 + 1.6 x 2.5 ) + 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 / 1000
x ( 0.9 x 3.8 + 0.9 x 1.4 ) + 1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 / 1000 = 193.0 kN
The biggest designed support reaction of the beam in nal construction
V
dmax
= 20 x 0.5 x ( 30 x 0.5 + 15 x 0.5 ) x ( 1.2 x 80 + 1.2 x 30 +
1.6 x 50 ) / 1000 + 1.2 x 275 x 20 x 0.5 / 1000 = 51 kips
V
dmax
= 7 x 0.5 x ( 8 x 0.5 + 4 x 0.5 ) x ( 1.2 x 3.8 + 1.2 x 1.4 +
1.6 x 2.5 ) / 1000 + 1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 / 1000 = 231.8 kN
From the capacity curve, we can see that PCs 7 is suitable to transfer forces Vd and Td,er.nal to the column.
q
k
=
5
0
p
sf q
k
,e
r
=
1
0
p
sf
g
1
k
=
3
0
p
sf
g
k
=
8
0
p
sf
gk,beam = 275 plf
15 30
2
0

q
k
=
2
.5
k
N
/m
2
q
k
,e
r
=
0
.5
k
N
/m
2
g
1
k
=
1
.4
k
N
/m
2
g
k
=
3
.8
k
N
/m
2
gk,beam = 4 kN/m
4000 8000
7
0
0
0
5.2.5 Additional reinforcement and things to be marked on drawings
Figure 3.Things to be marked on the drawing.
15
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Things to be marked on the drawing of the column:
- The size class of the Corbel
- The horizontal location of the Corbel in proportion to the center line of the column
- The level of the parts from the bottom of the column (the under side of the column part plate and the under side of the
Corbel plate)
- The additional reinforcement of the column
The horizontal headed stud bars of the single sided column part create a concrete cone which has to be tied to the column
with additional stirrups according to gures 4 and 6. These stirrups can not be replaced with stirrups that are around the main
reinforcement of the column.
The additional stirrups for vertical forged reinforcement (headed studs) bars are placed around the bending area of the upper
forged reinforcement of the PC-Corbel and just below the forged heads of the lower forged reinforcement.
The main stirrups which surround the main reinforcement of the column are placed under and above the plate of the column
part. Diagonal stirrups are used when needed at the level of the column part plate.
When there are two single sided corbels, at the same level, on opposite sides of the column there is no need to couble the
additional stirrups.
The additional reinforcement for double sided corbels are presented on gures 5 and 7.
Things to be marked on the drawing of the wall:
- the size class of the corbel
- the horizontal location of the corbel
- the level of the parts from the bottom of the wall (the under side of the column part plate and the under side of
the corbel plate)
- the additional reinforcement of the wall
Design engineer has to check the capacity of the wall.
16
PCS CORBEL
Figure 4. The additional reinforcement required for the PCs Corbel (IMPERIAL)


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Figure 4. The additional reinforcement required for the PCs Corbel (METRIC)


18
PCS CORBEL
Figure 5. The additional reinforcement required for the double sided PCs Corbel (IMPERIAL)


19
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Figure 5. The additional reinforcement required for the double sided PCs Corbel (METRIC)


20
PCS CORBEL
Figure 6. The additional reinforcement required for the PCs UP Corbel (IMPERIAL)


21
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Figure 6. The additional reinforcement required for the PCs UP Corbel (METRIC)


22
PCS CORBEL
Figure 7. The additional reinforcement required for the double sided PCs UP Corbel (IMPERIAL)


23
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Figure 7. The additional reinforcement required for the double sided PCs UP Corbel (METRIC)


24
PCS CORBEL
Figure 8. The additional reinforcement required for the PCs Corbel in walls. (IMPERIAL)


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Figure 8. The additional reinforcement required for the PCs Corbel in walls. (METRIC)


26
PCS CORBEL
Things to be marked on the drawing of the steel or composite beam:
- the connection details and the size class of the corbel
- the location of the link in proportion to the center line of the beam
- the level of the under side of the corbel in proportion to the under side of the slabs
The length of the beam is chosen so that the space between the beam and square column is 7/8 (20 mm) according to
gure 7. Then the tolerance for the beam length is +7/8 (+20 mm) and -5/8 (-14 mm) in the connection.
Figure 9. A beam connection to a square column

The tolerance of the beam length is smaller with beams connecting to round column. The length of the beam is chosen so that
the space between the beam and the column concrete surface is 3/8 (10 mm). Then the tolerance for the beam length is 5/8
(10 mm) at the connection.
Figure 10. A beam connecting to a round column

The designer of the Deltabeam will take care of the dimensioning and the shape of the end plate of the beam. The designer of
the Deltabeam has to be informed about the level of the corbel in relation to the under side of slabs.
The producer of the WQ beam has to design the end plate of the WQ beam to t. The dimensions of the end plate are pre-
sented in table 4. Horizontal forces are caused to the end plate by torsion.
27
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Table 12. The horizontal forces in the end plate with full torsion capacity. If torsion is smaller the forces can be reduced with the
relation of torsions. The torsion capacity is same PCs UPs.
PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10
Fd
[kips] 15.74 24.73 32.6 59.57 137.13
[kN] 70 110 145 265 610
The capacities in this table are provided as guidelines, local authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted prior to plan
submission.
Figure 11.The level of the corbel plate with narrow beams.
The end plate and all welds in WQ-beam must be designed for the
full capacity values of the PCs Corbel System.
With narrow beams it is recommended to put the under side of the
corbel at the same level as the under side of the slab. The under
side of the corbel must be on a higher level with thick beams so that
the centre of gravity of the beam is lower than the top side of the
corbel. The level of the under side of the corbel must be marked on
the drawing of the beam.
5.2.6 Fire protection and environmental classes
The capacities of the joint where the under side of the corbel is without concrete cover, or re protection are shown in
table 13. It is assumed that 50 % of the load is live load. The designer must check that the design load in re situation is not
more than the capacities.
The interaction of torsion and shear force has to be checked according to the following formula:
V
T
, T
T
=corbels shear force and torsion in re situation
V
uT
, T
uT
=corbels shear and torsion capacity in re situation
When longer re resistance is needed it is recommended to lift the corbel up higher than the level of the slabs if the beam
is thick enough. Then the concrete cover will act as re protection. Peikkos technical support gives advice about lifting the
corbel.
Table 13. Capacities of the connection after 60 and 90 minutes re. PCs UP has the same capacities.
PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10
RE 60
Shear force V
RT
[kips]
50 86 106 154 227
[kN]
220 350 475 650 1010
Torsion T
RT
[kipf]
3 7 14 29 44
[kNm]
6 10 20 40 60
RE 90
Shear force V
RT
[kips]
32 55 66 94 179
[kN]
155 250 295 400 800
Torsion T
RT
[kipf]
2 5 9 18 29
[kNm]
4 8 15 30 40
The capacities in this table are provided as guidelines, local authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted prior to plan submission.
Requirement of environment (corrosion) has to be taken care of according to local building requirements.
28
PCS CORBEL
6. INSTALLATION
6.1 Installation of the parts
The parts are installed into the reinforcement in the formwork so that they will not be able to move during casting.
The column part PCs is symmetrical so it can be installed in both directions with the saw teeth against the mould. The column
part PCs UP is not symmetric and it must be installed so that long ribbed bars are towards columns lower end. Saw teeth have
to be protected against the grouting mortar.
The column part is installed so that its ribbed bars will be inside the main stirrups of the column.
The column part can be attached to the mould with bolts. It can also be tied to the main reinforcement of the column.
6.2 Installation of the corbel parts and installation tolerances
The saw teeth protection is removed, the saw teeth are checked, for potential damages and they are cleaned before installing
the corbel parts.
The corbel plate is installed in the proper location tightly with the saw teeth of the column part as seen on gure 12. A large
washer with oval holes is installed symmetrically to the corbel part.
The bolts are tightened at least to the minimum values shown in table 14. The empty space between the corbel and the column
disappears when tightening the bolts.
Figure 12. Installation of the corbel parts
The corbel plate can be moved to the right location by opening the bolts a little. Installation tolerances of the corbel plate
are 12 (305 mm) both horizontally and vertically. When the corbel is at right location the bolts must be retightened according
to table 14.
Table 14. Minimum torque of the bolts. Values are the same with UP -models.
PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10
Thread of the bolt
*Imperial
5/8 7/8 1-1/8 1-1/8 1-1/8
Metric
M16 M24 M30 M30 M30
Width across ats
[in]
15/16 1-13/32 1-1/16 1-1/16 1-1/16
[mm]
24 36 46 46 46
Torque
[lbft]
29.48 95.80 162.12 162.12 162.12
[Nm]
40 130 220 220 220
* Imperial values converted from metric standards
29
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6.3 Beam installation and installation tolerances
The installation of the beam must be done according to the erection plan.
The beam can be erected when the corbel is installed at the proper location according to chapter 6.2.
The beam is installed on the corbel by placing the corbel into the link of the beams end plate.
Installation tolerances are +7/8 (+20 mm) and -5/8 (-14 mm) of the beam length when the column is rectangular. In the case
of a circular column, installation tolerances of the beam length depends on the radius of the column.
The beam must be supported when:
- the interaction of shear load and torsion is over the interaction capacities
- too large bending is caused to the column by torsion
- the beam, the column or the connection is not designed against torsion
6.4 The grouting of the joint
The whole height of the joint between the column, the beam and the space around the corbel parts is grouted at the same
time as the joins of the slabs.
7. INSTALLATION CONTROL
7.1 Installation control of the parts
Check list before casting the column:
- proper location of the column part
- proper position of the column part comparing to the axis of the column
- proper attachment of the column part in the mould
- amount and position of the additional reinforcement
- proper protection of the saw teeth against grouting mortar
Check list before welding the beams end plate:
- size and the position of the bottom plate link
- size and the position of the end plate link
- position of the end plate comparing to the bottom plate link
- perpendicularity of the end plate to the bottom plate
7.2 Installation control of the corbel parts
Check list before installing the corbel parts:
- the protection of the teeth is taken away
- the saw teeth are undamaged and clean
- the proper location of the corbel parts
- bolts are tightened according to the torque presented in table 14
- there wont be empty space between teeth
7.3 Installation control of the beam
Check list before erecting the beam:
- bolts are tightened according to the torque presented in table 14
- erection plan of the slabs is obeyed
- erection plan of the beam is obeyed
30
PCS CORBEL
8. THINGS TO DO WHEN TOLERANCES ARE EXCEEDED
When the beam isnt long enough it is possible to manufacture an extra long corbel. This reduces the capacities of the connec-
tion. The capacity must be checked individually.
When the corbel is on too low a level it is possible to:
- Manufacture an extra high corbel. This reduces the torsion capacity of the connection and the beam must be sup-
ported when erecting the slabs. If the under side of the extra high corbel is lower than the under side of the beam
the corbel must be protected against re.
- Weld a standard corbel to the right position on to the column plate. This reduces the capacities (shear and torsion)
of the connection. The capacity must be checked individually.
When the corbel is on too high a level it is possible to:
- Make the beams end plate link higher. This reduces the capacities of the connection if the end plate is not high
enough. The reduced capacity must be checked individually.
- Weld a standard corbel to the right position on the column plate. This reduces the capacities (shear and torsion) of
the connection. The capacity must be checked individually.
When the corbel is off centre it is possible to:
- Make the beam end plate link wider. This reduces the capacities of the connection in some cases. The beam must
be supported when erecting the slabs. Wedge plates must be placed between the corbel and the end plate after
erecting the beam.
- Weld a standard corbel to the right position on the column plate. This reduces the capacities (shear and torsion) of
the connection. The reduced capacity must be checked individually.
When the beam is squint it is possible to cut the beams end plate link wider. The beam must be supported during erecting the
elements. The wedges must be placed between the corbel and the end plate when needed.
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