USMLE STEP 1 and USMLE STEP 2 Highly tested topics The Complete Gold CollectionUSMLE E-BOOK this is rhe GOLD collection of highly tested USMLE Step 1 and USMLE Step 2 topics listed in tables for easy review. These PEARLS’ will appear on your boards exams! Diseases ‘Addisons Disease Primary adrenocortical deficiency ‘Addisonian Anemia Perieiour anemia rides tonic w poieel ala FW By = maplalesicanma) Albright'S Syndrome Poljestotic Fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girl Alport s Syndrome. Hereditary nephritis with newe deafness “Argyll Robertson Pupil Toss of ight reflex constriction (awaraatoal = Baron) Prostitute's Eye" accommodates but does not react Pethognemonie for 3°Syphilic T Zz 3 7 Alzheimer’s 5._ Progressive dementia @ 7. 8 9. Lesion pretectal gion of superior colliculus “Amold-Chiari Malformation T._Cerebellar tonsil hemiat an through foramen magnum >see thoracolumbar menngamyelocele Barrett's TL _Colunnar meteplacia of lower esophagus ("wk efederoar dren Gonatont gart oesophageal reflux Barter’: Syndrome 12 Hyperreninemia Becker's Muscular Dystrophy’ TS. Similar fo Duchenne, but less severe (maaton ore dtcency mayaephnpretan Bells Palsy T_CNVIT poley (erie fon eal tat URW led wlyaffe lor fot) Bergers Disease T5__IgA nephropathy causing hematuria w kis, usually follwing nection Bernard-Soulier Disease To_Defect m platelet adhesin owrmalyurgepatclen Audet pater artecegyapoe Berry Aneurysm 17. Circle of Wills (atmreaaa ued) Anterior Communicating artery 18._Often associated with ADPKD Bowens Disease 19. Carcinoma n situ on shoft of penis (vik otuscesl a) [compare w/ Queyrat] Brill Zinsser Disease 20,_ Recurrences of reketsiaprowazakivp Yo 50 yrs ler Briquet'S Syndrome 21 Somat zation disorder 22. Psychological: mult ple physical complaints without physical pathology Broca’s Aphosia 23. Notor Aphasia (area 44 & 45) meet emprehanien Brown. Sequard 2a. Hemisection of cord (eraltel low of and tony plates of fin fous WANT pln of ee Pr) Bruton's Disease 25, dclinked aganmmaglebinemia (cele) Budd-Chiari 26. Post-hepatic venous thrombosis = ab pain; hepatomegaly oscites: portal HIN Inver Fall Buerger’s Disease 27. Aeute wflanenation of medum and small arteries of extremities — panful schema — gangrene 28. Seen almost exchsvely in young and middle-aged men who smoke: Burkitt's Lymphoma 29. Small noncleaved cell lymphoma GB 30. 8:14 tronslacation 31. Seen commonly in jows, cbdemen, retroperitoneal soft tissues 32,_Starry sky oppearance Caisson Disease '33._Nitrie gos emboli Chagas" Disease '34,_Trypansoma infection cardiomegaly with epical at rephy, achlosia Chedick- Higashi Disease ‘35. (AR) Phogecyte Deficiency = defect im microtubule polymerization 36, Neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy & repeated infections w/ strep & staph Connis Syndrome 37. Primary Aldesteronism HIN; retain Ne" & Hi; hypokalemia (ausng akalosis) | renin Cori Disease 38. Type ITI Glycogenosis ~ Glycogen storage disease (devonairg ue anys Ie guatane ef Gye) Creut zfeldi Jakob 39. Prion infection — cerebellar & cerebral degeneration Crigler-Najjar Syrdrome “O_ Congenital hyperb lub nema (nconjugated) AL. Glucuronyl tronsferaze deficiency. Can progress te Kernicterus 42,_Less severe form will respond ta Phenobarbital therop) Groh 3. IBD; ieececum, transmural, skp lesions, cobblestones, mmphoayti filtrate, granulomas 2. (camost te ted ln maton Babu patste pase,” elon anc ih) 45_Cincally b pain & diarrhea; fever: malabsorption; fistulae b/t intestinal loops & abd structures Curling’ Ulcer 6. Acute gostriculeer associated with severe burns Cushing’ “UT. Disease: Hypercarticiem 2° fa | ACTH from pituitary asophile adenoma) 148, Syndrome: hypercorticism ofall other couses (I* adrenal or ectopis) 49. moon face: buffalo hump: purple striae: hirsutism: HTN: hyperglycemia Paye2Cushing’ Uleer cute gestrie ulcer asvociaed with CNS trauma: de Quervains Thyroiditis TI,_Self-lenitng focal destruction (abaaute Thyroid=) DiGeorge’ Syndrome 52. Faire of 37& 4" pharyngeal pouches Formation” Thymus & Parathyroid 53. Thymic hypoplasia — T-zell deficiency 54. Hypoparathyroidsm > Tetony Down's Syndrome 355. Trisomy 21 or translocation - Sion Crease Dressler’s Syndrome 56. Post-MI Fbrinous Pericardiis auramnne Dubin-Johnson Syndrome 57. Congenital hyperbilirub emia Conjugated) = bilirubin transposr? le defect we not conjugation 58. Striking brown-to-black dizolaration of the er Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | 5%. Defieieney of dystrephin proten — ND lvkedreceae Edwards" Syndrome 00. Trisomy 18 61. Rocker-bottom feet, low ears, small ower jow. heart disease Ehler’s-Danlos 62, Defective collagen Eisenmengers Complex G3. Late ayanatic shunt QU) pleerory HTNARWN F Yoleng ena SD ASD ar POA Erb-Duchenne Palsy G4. Trouma To superior Trunk of Brachial plexus Waters Te Ewing Sarcoma 05. Nalignant undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone w boys “yea Hih22 Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat 06. Carcinoma in situ on glans penis Fanconi’: Syndrome 67. Impaired proxtral ubular reabsorption Oto lead polsoning or Tet racyele (gyre, hpephepione anvascdure eytemcoadee Feliys Syndrome GE Rheumotow arthritic, neutrepenia, =plenamegaly Gardner's Syndrome {05._AD = adenomatous polyps of colon osteomes &sofl Vase Tamers Gauchers Disease 7, Lysosomal Storage Disease. guscaraivacee GaGenay-Gusersbvonieavamon 71 Hepetosplenemegaly, femoral heed & long bone erosion, anemia Gilberts Syndrome 72. Benign congenital hyperbilirub nema (unconjugated) = | glucuronyl transferase eatiuy Glanzmann's Thrombesthenia 7S. Defective glyeopratens on platelets = deficent platelet aggregation Goodpasture’s TA, Aatommune: ob = Yo glomerular & alveclar Basement membranes, Seen Ww men w Their 20 Graves Disease 75._Autommune hyperthyroidiam (TSI): 196 Ab reactive wi TSH receptors tes THATRN-nighTO/ Ta Guillain-Barre 76. Palyneuritie Following viral nfection/ autoimmune acenirg made wakes fray ly caning) Hammen-Rich Syndrome 77_Idiopethic pulnonary fibrosis. Con see honey comb ng Hond-Schuller-Christion 78. Chrome progressive histiocytosis Hashimoto's Thyroiditis 79,_Autemnmune hypethyraiiem, Nay have fransent hyperthyroWiam tes Ta/Taangh TS Hashitoxicosis B0._Tnial hyperthyroidim m Hashimoto’ Thyroldifis that precedes hypothyrewism Henach- Schonlein purpura BL_Hypersensuity vasculitis = allergic purpura. Lesions hove the some age 82. Hemmarhagic urticaria ath fer ertisigas, reid) 83. Associated with upper respiratory infections Hirschprangs Disease 4. Agenglionis megacolon Horner's Syndrome 35 Prosis, miosis, arhidrosis (usaf eral yep cnarer fen toa Ronan me) Huntington's (Chromosome 4) 16__AD: Progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen Gtriatum) & frontal cortex , 648A ‘Jacksonian Seizures B7_Epileptic events originating the primary motor cortex (area) Jobs Syndrome 1 Inenune deficienay: neutrophils fail¥o respond to chemotactic stm 2. Defective neutrophilic chemotactic response = repeated infections 3. Commonly seen i ight-skined, red-haired girls 88.1 IgE bevels Koposi Sarcoma 189.__Nalignant vesculer Tummar (WHV@mhomvenal me) Kartagener’s Syndrome {0L_mmotile ila Fo defective dynein arms wfecion anima aeniy Kawosdki Disease TI, Nuvoeutaneous lmiph node syndrome W kids waserecaisng esd pe wal mea) Klinefelter's Syndrome 32,47, YOY: Long arms, Sterile, Hypagonadiom kKluver-Bucy 93,_Bilateral lesions of amygdala yperseaattyal eeu) Krukenberg Tumor 3a, Adenocarcinoma with sgnet-rng celle (ypially originating From the Homach) metastases Fe 95. the ovaries Leennecs Cirthosis 36. Alcoholic eirthosis Lesch-Nyhan 97. HRT deficenoy 98. Gout, etardation, self-mutilation Letterer-Siwe 99._Aaute diesemnated Longe hans” cellhatlocytose Libmen- Sacks T00- Endocarditi with small vegetations on valve eaflet= 101. Associated with SLE PagesLou Gehrig 102. Amyotrophic Lateral Sele reais agouti of per loner sotarveue ‘Mallory-Weis Syndrome: 03. Bleeding from ezophogagost ri lcerations 7 to wretchng (leaholee) ‘Marfan TOA Connect ve tesue defect: defective Fbrilin gene Busdigescomeyen nluatinalower ‘MeArdles Disease 105. Type VGlyeogencsie - Glycogen storage disease (made hegher ye cheney Gye ‘Meckels Diverticulum 106 Rule of 25:2 ches lng, 2 feet fromthe ileocecum, 2% of the population 107. Embryonic duct origin; may have ectopic tissue: gostrie/pancreat remot of iteline uct eh Neigs Syndrome 108. Tried: ovarin fibroma, ascites, hydrathorox ~ associated wi fibroma of ovaries ‘Menet rier’ Disease 109. Gin hypert raphe gastritis (enlarged rugae, plasma proven loss) ‘Monckeberg’s Arteriosclerasis HO. Caleification of the media @sually redial & uber 6a) ‘Munchausen Syndrome TIL Fact tious disorder (erasonly ner ayaplon br dectt noe oH) Nelson’ Syndrome TZ. [Adrenal Cushings — surgial removal of adrenals — leas of negat we Feedbaak Ye piuitary — Pituitary Adenoma Niemann Pick TIS, Lysosomal Storage Disease (phrgomeiesedetiaency-sphgomelnacamistio 114, “Foamy histiaeytes” Osler Weber Rendu Syndrome 115. Hereditary Hemorthogic Telangiectasia Seen n the Mormon’ of Utah Paget's Disease Te, Abnormal bane architecture hdd manera heures Pancoast Tumor 1H7_ Bronchogenis Tumor with superior sulcus nolvement — Horners Syndrome Parkinsons 118, Dopamine depletion i nigrostrictal tracts Deut z-Teghers Syndrome (AD) 19. Nelanin pigmentation of lps, mouth, hand, genfalia +hamarTematous polyps of small nfestine Peyronie’: Disease 120. Subeutoneous Fibrosis of dorsum of penie Picks Disease - 2 Different Diseases - TEI. I. Progressive dementia snlar to Alshemer= 122.1. Constrictve pericarditis ~ sequel to mediastinal tuberculosis 123. Caleium-Frosting, unyielding layer ~ heart dumber my te wale oat rece ond ing este Plammers Syndrome 124. Hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Punmers= wwe eve 29s) Plummer-Vinson 125, Esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, spoon-shoped nals, | SCCA of esophagus Pompe’: Disease 126. Type Il Glycogenosis = Glycogen storage disease — cardiomegaly (a1 #éuaaaredeaency “Gyeae) Potts Disease 127. Tuberculous osteomyeltic of the vertebrae Potters Complex T2E. Renal agenesis — olgohydramnios — hypoplastic bnge, defects w extremities Raynaud 129. Disease; recurrent vasospasm in extremifies = seen n young, healthy women 130. Phenomenon: 2° to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma) Reiters Syndrome TBI. Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis navintecian (ha often lees ifeciow) ABET pariatr Reyes Syndrome 132. Mierovesicular fatty Iver change & encephalopathy 133. 2*to aspirin ingestion in children following vial ilhess, especially VZV Riedel Thyroiditis 134 [dwpathio fibrous replacement of thyrowt Rotor Syndrome TES. Congenital hyperbilirb ema Conjugated) 136. Simiar te Dubin-Johnson, but ne discoloration of the liver ‘Sezary Syndrome TI7_Leukemie form of euteneour T-cell lymphoma (mycosis Fangoide=) Shavers Disease THR. Aluminum whelation — lng fibrosie ‘Sheehan Syndrome THD. Postpartum pituitary necrosis = hemarshage & shock usualy ceourred durng delvery ‘Shy-Drager 140. Parkinsonlm with outonomie dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension ‘Simmond’s Disease hexia~ ean 0 Tal Pauiten from either pauitery tumors or Sheehan's Sipple’s Syndrome 42 NEN Type Ia = pheochromocytoma, thyreid medullary CA, hyperparathyrodim ‘Sjogreris Syndrome Ta Triad dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis “rakot al phone ‘Spit 2 Nevus THA Juvenile melanoma always benign) Stein-Leventhal 145, Poljeystic ovary’ see amenorthea: infertility, obesity, hisutiom = []LH secretion ‘Stevens-Johnson Syndrome 146. Erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration (often? tenfectan= mye or ale any) Sills Disease TAT. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Gbsence of sheumateid Faster) Takayesus arteritis TH Aortic arch syndrome 149. Lose of carotid, radial or uhar pulses = pulseless disease. Night sweats 150. Common in young Asion females “Tay. Sachs (AR) TSI. Gangliosidesis (hexeseminiase A deficiency — Gy, ganglioside) Gary ed Suto the Roala Tet ralogy of Fallot 152 1VSD, Zoverriding aorta, Spulmonary artery Stenosis, Aright ventricular hypertrophy Tourettes Syndrome 153. Involuntary actions, Both motor and vocal Tr w/ sie Turcot's Syndrome 154. Colon adenomatous polyps ps CNS Tumors Tumer’s Syndrome: 155. 45, XO = most common cause of Primary Amenarshea Ne Barr body on buccal smear PagesVincent's Infection 56. "Trench mouth" acute neorotieng ulcerative gigwiti due to Fusebactertm Von Gierke’s Disease TIT. Type I Glycogenosis ~ Glycogen storage disease (ohare detcena)- Ayegmacamtan Von Hippel-Lindau 158. Hemangioma (or hemangublastoma) = cerebellum, braw stem, & retina 159. Adenoma of the viscera, especialy | Renal Cel Carcinoma 160. Chromesome 3p Von Recklinghausen: T61, Neurofromatosie & café ou lat spots & Lich nodules (Chramosome 17) Von Recklinghausens Disease of Bane 162. Osteitis broza ovat 163. fibrous replacement (i row Tumor?) 2 Ta hyperparathyroidiom = osteoclastic resorption w/ Von Willebrand’ Disease (AD) 164 Defect platelet odhesion Do deficenay nuWF 1OPT. | Bleed time Waldenst rom's macraglobinemia 165, Proliferation of Ighcproducing lymphoid cells m men 50-70 yoo: PAS(@) Dutcher bodies Wallerbergs Syndrome 166. Postersr Inferior Cerebellar Artery PICA) Thrombosis “Aeidiry Sriram 167. Ipsilateral: ataxia, Facial pain & temp: Contralateral: body pan & temp Watethouse-Friderichsen 168. Adrenal neuf ficiency 2°10 DIC 169. DIC 2" to meningiocacoeria Webers Syndrome 170. Peramedian Infarct of Nidbram 171. Ipsilateral: mydriasis: Contralateral: UNN paralysis (ever foce & body) Wegener’ Grenulomalosis 172. Necrotizing granulomat cus vosculiis of paranasal sinuses, hngs, kidneys, Weil’ Disease TTS. Teterie Leptozpiront rice praia eho nea 174, Dark field microscopy for dx Wermers Syndrome 175. NEN Type 1: thyroid, parathyroid, edreval cortex, pancreatic Blets, pilulary Wernicke’s Aphasia 176. Sensory Aphasia impaired onprehion Wemicke-Korsckoff Syndrome 77. Thiamine deficiency wn olccholizs; bilateral manilary bodies (wediedorsal nacleue) (anf stave, chal mi Whipple’ Disease TT. Nalob sorption syndrome (with Bacteria laden macrophages) & polyarthritis Wilson's Disease 179. Hepatolenticular degeneration (wyperecamastn [Tit w/ Perclonre] Adewencen ardepacmr) 180. Nallory Bodies sn the Liver dele alahachepri Aine ngs 181. Chromesome 13 Wiskolt-Aldrich Syndrome 182. Inenunodef cienay” comb wed B- &T-zell deficwney (hromboytapena & eczema) 183. | TgMw/ | IgA Wolff-chaikoff Effect T84 High wedine level C)= thyroid hormone sythese Zenker’ Diverticulum 185, Esophageal, criopharyageal muscles cbove UES Zollinger-Ellison 186. Gastrn-secreting Fumar of pancreas fe merins) = | aed — recurrent ulcers 187. Intervent riculer septal defect Barlow's Syndrome TER. Floppy vale syndrome = women /t 20-40 yoa Bracht-Wachter Lesions TED. Minute abscesses found w aubaaute bacterial endocardte Lutembacher’s Syndrome 190. Combination of septum secundum atrial septal defect w/ mitral stenosis ‘Schmidt's Syndrome 191, Autommnue thyroid Disease (Hachmato’s)& wauln-dependent dubetes Hallmark Findings ‘Albumino-Cyfolagic Dissociation 192. Guilin Barre (mriady normed poteninGSF why mada cna an) “Antiplatelet Antibodies 193. [dipathie thrombocytopenia purpura ‘Arachnodaat yly_ 19. Warton’ ‘Aschoff Bodies 195. Bheumatis Fever ‘Auer Rods 196, Acute promyeloytie eakeria (NL Type Na) “Autesplenectomy 197. Sickle cell enema: switch a gla > val» Bchain 198. LewOs | sickling 199. Aplastic crisis w/ B19 Parvovirus ssDNA) infection 200. Salmonella osteomye iti 201, Vaso-aechsve painful crvizes 202. Hydroxjurea as Txt (I Hb") & Bone marrow rencplant Babinski 203. UN Tesion Basophilic Stippling oF RBCS 204 Lead povsoning Bence Jones Protein ZO5.Nulple myeloma fosig fa (athe logs way 206, Waldenst rom’: macroglob nema, Birbeck Gronules 2UT Histaoytosie X (eosmephile grandma) Blue Bloater ZO. Chronie Bronchitis (at least 3 month for at least 2 years of eceaswe mucus secretion & chronie recurrent product we cough) PagesBoot- Shaped Heart ZO. Tetralagy of Falah Bouchard’: Nodes 210. Osteearthtis (ami ama ito) Boutonnieres Deformit ZIT. Rheumatoid artheiis foxposeal decor aval jars Brown Tumor 212. Hyperparathyrendim Brushfield Spots 25. Down's Call- Exrer Bodies 21d Granulosa cell tumor: easocuted w/ endometrial hyperplasia & carcinama| 215. Granuloma-Theca cell tumor Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy 216. Chagas" Disease Chencre 271 Syphile Chencroid 218. Heemophils dacreyi Charcot Tied 21S. Mulliple sclerosis = nystagmus, Bfention tremor, Seanning speech ‘Charcot -Leyden Crystals 220, Bronchial asthena Cheyre- Stokes Brecthing 22. Cerebral ean Chocolate Cysts 222. Endomet resis Chvosteks Sign 225, Hypecaleenia Ral qenintoony Clue Cells 204 Gardnerella vogniis Codmens Triangle 225, Osteezarcama Cold Agglutinins| 226. Aiyeop asa pneumoniae Condyloma Lata 227 Infectious mononucleosis 228.2" Syphilis 229.New coffee flavor at Boge! & Bagel Cotton Wool Spats 230. HTN 231. Aka, cyto bodies seen wi SLE (yelowis ton wool funda lesions) Counciman Bodies 232, Dyng hepatocytes ~ HepB Crescents In Bowman's Copsule 255. Repidly progressive ie glomerulonephei is) Currant-Telly Sputum Zea Rebel Curschmann'’s Spirals 235. Bronchial asthma Depignentation OF Substantia Nigra 236-Parknson® Donavon Bodies 23 Granulama wgunale (STD) Ebumation [BE Osteaarthet spl herylbe penance of tne) Ectopia Lents 239. Narfon's Erythema Chronicum Migrans 240. Lyme Disease Fatty Liver 2aL Alcoholism Ferruginous Bodies VAD, Aabestonie-& Tron laden ‘Ghon Focus / Complex 2S. Tuberous (Pe DD es Glitter Cells 2a4.Aeute Pyelonephritis Gowers Maneuver 245, Ducheme'= ND we otarm tered Heberden's Nedes 26, Osteaarthet is (oral ja of he rae Heinz Bodies TAT GPO Defieenoy Heterophil Ant bodies 2B. Infectious monet 5 ea Hirano Bodies 249, Atbhemer= Hypersegmented PINE 250, Nagaleb laste enema Hypochromic Microcytie RBCS TBI, Tron-defiewency anemia or f Thalassemia ‘Jorisch-Hersheimer Reaction 252 Syphilis mersagreaineretnert ofanesynplonaicph at acer syapans Foray ont Mice 253, Ostecarthrils (reawecatenre) Kaussmaul Breathing 254. josie /Dicbetie Ketoacilosis Keratin Pearls 255, Squamous Cell CA of skin Acme tetas naprearsa Keyser-Fleischer Ring 256, Wilson's Kimmelstiek Wilson Nodules 257 Diabetic nephropathy: Nedular Glomerulescleronts nodules of mesangial matrix Koilocytes 255. PPV 6 Il Gondyloma acumnatum-benign) and FPVI6& 18 (ralignant axzeciaton) Koplik Spots 259. Measles Lewy Bodies 260. Parkinson’ (ecnphlicndwiow naomged miartaniga alt) Lines of Zchn 26L Arterial hrembus Lisch Nodules: 262. Neurofibromatosis Won Recklinhausen's disease igmented ins hamartomar PaesLumpy-Bumpy IF Glamerul 2EG_Postt reptocescel glomerulonephritie protetype of nepheitic syndrome ‘Mallory Bodies 264, Alcoholic hepatti= MeBumey’s Sigh 265, Appendicitis (acirveys Pars Sat he ny fromthe bias Yoowarer apeier leeaes) ‘Michealis-Gutmann Bodies 266, Nalekoplkialesonon todder eo mecres&teherter(AS Bose nay ato Cl “Monoclonal Antibody Spike 2ET. Multiple myeloma visi wild te A proten (wally IB 268.NeUS myxedema 269. Hypathyrediom Negri Bodies 270 Rebies Neuritic Plagues BTL Abhewars Neurofibrillary Tangles B72 Abhemer= Non-pitting Edema BS. Nyxedema 274. Antheax Toxin Nat ching of Ribs 275. Coarctatien of Aorta Nutmeg Liver 276. CHF = causing congested wer ‘Owls Eye Cells TTCMV 278.Reed Stemburg Celle (Hadkins Lymphoma) 279. Aschoff celle seen w/ Rheumatic Fever Painless Teundice 260. Ponereatie CA teed) Parnas ZBL Rheumatoid artheiis, alse see morning tiffnes that | w/ jont use, ALADRA Paut riers Microcbscesses 282. Mycosis Fungoides (cufoneous T2ell hmphoma), Sezary Philadelphia Chromosome. 265.CML Pick Bodies 284 Pick’ Disease 2 types of COPD 2B5.Pink Puffer ~ Type A: Emphysema 266. Ble Bloater ~ Type B: Bronchitie 287 Emphysema _ Conan srr-emohing_faraor-eromtrypin def ceney Podagra 286. Gout (aPjant old Port-Wine Stain 269. Hemangioma: Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign 290, Tearing of the ACL Pscmmoma Bodies 251. Popilary adeno 292. Serouspopillary eystadenocarcinoma of the ovary 293. Meningtoma 294, Mesothelioma Pseudehypertrophy 295. Seen w/ Duchenne musoular dystrophy © the clef mu Sr due tel fet Punched-Out Bone Lesions 256. Nulkple myeloma Rash on Pakns & Soles 297.2 Syphilis 298.RNSF 299. Coxsackie virus infection: Hand-Foot-Nauth Disease Red Moming Urine ‘300, Parexyemal nocturnal hemaglob muri. Vou would use Ham's test Fo confirm Reed. Stemberg Cells SU. Hedghwv's Disease Reid Index Increased ‘302. Chrenie bronchitis = [a ratio of bronchial glond to bronchial wall thickness Reinke Crystals ‘313. Leydig cell tumor Rouleaux Formation 304 Multiple myeloma Rocesacederpaer pe ‘5 Heart Sound ‘305. LR Shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD) 306. Mitral Regueg 307.LV Failre ‘Sa Heart Sound ‘308 Pulnonary Stenosis '309.Pulnonary HTN. ‘Schwartzman Reaction BHO Neisseria mening dis mpreccve roa ba ‘Smith Antigen BIE SLE aamvarony 312. Malar Rosh, Wie loop kidney lesions, Joint pain, False (+) syphilis test (VORL) 4313. 90% 14-45 yo females 314. azo seen w/ use of INH: Procahnomide; Hydrolazine = SLE-like syndrome ‘Soqp Bubble on XR ‘IS. Gient cell tumor of Bone ‘Spike & Dome Glomeruli ‘6. Memb ronaus glomerulonephri is = Nephrote syndrome 3I7_Spixe = basement membrane material & Dome = mmune complex deposits (196 orC3) “Siring Sign on X-ray ‘SE, Crohi= owe wal eg Target Cells ‘SIF. Thalassemia na Wabssena w/ ma gna: Fold nvaviarne dethavoaation HBre Paye7"Tendinaus Xerthhomas ‘S20. Farl Pyperoholeah Thyroidizct ion of Kidney BEL. arene pyelonephrite Tophi SEE Gout Tram-Track Glomeruli ‘323. Memb ranaproliferative GN: Nephrit ie syndrome ~ tccnar senile dghwiediae Pye Trousseaus Sign 32d Visceral ca, classically pancreatic (igstryiombapieut) 325. Hypocoleemia args par9) 326. These are two entirely different dscose processes an different sigs, but they nfertuntely hae the sane Virchows Node ‘327. Supreclaviaular node enlargement by metastatic carchoma of the Stomach Warthin-Firkeldey Giant Cells 2h Measles WAC Casts '329_Pyelonephritis Whipple’ Triad ‘350. CNS disfunction = Hypoglyeemie episodes ~glu njection reverses CNS Sympis Wire Loop Glomerult GI. Lupus nephropathy, type IV (iffuse proliferative form) [AFP in amniotic fluid or mother's Hid Spa bitda 333. Anencephaly 1 Uric Acid 354 Gout 5335, Lech Nyhon 336. Myeloroliferative Dizorders 337 Diuretics (Loop & Thiarides) LFEV/FVC 338. COPD Ground Glass" on chest x-ray (atin) "359. Due to Preumocyztis cari 340. Seen w/ Atelectasio, Honey Combing of the lng ‘aI. Seen wi Asbestosis (@ restrictive lng disease) Crescents ‘GAR. Goadpastures syndrome (preuenia w/ hemopt vei & ropily progressive glame ronephri=) Linear Ig Deposits ‘SAB. Goedpastures syndrome “45 Degree Branch Points 34d Aspergilosis PAS(+) Dutcher Bodies 345. Waldenst rom’ Na globulnemia = TIgh = Hyperviscesity round Glass" in Abdomen) "346. Seen i the hepate ez of healthy carriers of HBsAg w Iver bapsex Signet Ring” Cells ‘SAT. Calls that replace the ovaries, due te Krukenberg’ Tumor That has metastasized fromthe stomach Ground Glass Appearance theirs ‘348. Seen w/ Progreazive Mult focal Leukoencephalopathy ollgodendraoyres 349, Nuclet seen in Popillary CA of the thyroid (oalgnant) Congo Red ‘350. Shows emyloid deposition m plaques & vascular walls ‘Meningiomas & Pragesterone “ET, Some menhigiomas have Progesterone receptors = repid growth a pregnancy can oocur Tuberous Sclerosis Triod ‘352, Seizures; Nental retardation; Leukederma Congenital facil white spots or mazules) angiof bromas Cowdry A Inclusions ‘ES. Seen w Herpes Smaplex Encephale ~wolgodendragha Devic’ Syndrome ‘354: Neuromyelitis Optiea™ 355.A variant of mul ple sclerosis: ropid demyelination of the optic neeve & spinal cord w/ pareplegia carb B2 ‘356 Breast Concer association Foster-Kennedy Syndrome SET.A tumor causing bindness & lcs of smell w/ popilaedema: Hoffman's Sign ‘EE. Flcking of the middle Fnger™ nail Red Nucleus Destruction ‘ES. Tntent on fremors of the arm Ventral Spinocerebellar 1 "360. Unconscious proprioception of wer extremities Dorsal Spinacerebellar 1. 361. Unconscious prorpiaception & fine motor movements Cuneocerebellar tr. "362. Unconscious propricception & Fine motor movements of upper extremfle= Dorsal Column ‘65. Conzcaus proprioception of the body Lateral Spinothalamic tr ‘Tea Pan & Temperature zensation Veritral Spinathalamic tr ‘365. Light Pouch pereeption ‘SVA 366, Taste & Smell ase ‘367 Muscles of the eye Kol the Tongue SSA 308. Vision; Hearing: Equlb rum GVA ‘S69. Sensation of tongue, soft palate. Carotid Body & Sms wnervation EVE ‘70. Edmger Westphal = paresympathetie eye wervation 371. Gland inervation = secretions PagesSo Wicere GSA {373 Pain & terperature of faze 374, Sensation of extemal ear BE '375. Innervation of muscles of masticaton, Facial expressions, aryix & pharynx LN Lesion 376 Werndig Hofman (progressive infantile muscular trophy) 377-Poliomyelitis “Sensory Pathway Lesion {7B Subccute Comb wed Degeneration = Friedrich’ Ataxia = B12 def 379 Tabes Dorsalis Neuresyphilis) ancy Both UMN & LMI Lesion ‘3BULALS = Lou Gherig Disease Both Sensory & Mator Lesion EI Brown Sequard 382 Anterior Spinal artery Occlusion ‘Suprachiesmat ic Nucleus ‘383. Controle circadian rhythm Veritromedial Nucleus ‘BA Satiety center, Savage behavior & ebesity when lesioned Lateral Nucleus OS. Induces eating. Starvation when lesioned ‘Arcuate Nucleus [306 Releases PIF Gope-ergie neurons) ‘Mamillary Bod ‘87. Con have hemorthages os seen in Wernicke's Encephalopathy ‘Acanthaoytes ‘SBE RBSe w/ spny projections. Seen i Abetalpeprote nema. Most Common... T° Tumor arising from Bone in adults BED. Osteosarcoma ‘Adrenal Medullary Tumor ~ Adults 390 Pheachromesyloma: SPs | Pressure; Pain (Headache), Perspirat ion, Pap ations; Palor/Diphoresis ‘Adrenal Medullary Tumor ~ children 3ST, Neuroblastoma ‘Agent of severe viral encephalitis 392 Herpes snplex ‘Aggressive lung tumor 355. Small cellar oat cell ‘Associated with gallstones 394 Adenocarnoma Bacterial Meningitis - adults IDE. Strep pneumoniae & young ofa Teaser meng Bacterial Meningitis ~ elderly 396. Neseria meningitis Bacterial Meningitis ~ OTE coh Group BStrep newborns Bacterial Meningitis - 358 Hb toddlers Benign epithelial tumor of | 399-Pepillome Benign fallopian Tube Tumor 0. Adenomatoid Benign ovarian tumor “OL Nature Netwe) Teratoma = benign devmatont Benign tumor of soft Tissue H2. Lpema Benign tumor of the Breast «25yo “HS. Fibreedenoma Benign tumor of the liver Wo Hemangioma Benign tumor of the vulva “405. Hid reedenama Benign uterine tumor “U6. Leiomyora® estrogen snsitive: changes sae during pregnancy & menapause Bone Tumors “OT Netostezes from Breast & Prostate Brain Tumor ~ Child HOB Neduleblestoma (Gerebellon) Brain Tumor Adult “09. Astrocyroma (ncluding Glioblastoma Multfarme) then’ mets, meningioma, Schwannoma Breast Carcinoma, “IU Tnvasive Duct Coreinoma Breast Mass “II. Fibrecystie Change: premenopauzie women (Carcheme is The mast common w post menapauzal women) Bug in Acute Endocarditis IE. Staph eure Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pt iB Klebsiella PagesBug in Epiglot itis Bug in GI Tract owes @™-€ call) Bug in IV drug user bacteremia/ pneumonia 6. Staph aureus Bug in PID HTN. Gonnarrhoeae Bug in Subacute Endocarditis IB. Strep Vira CA of urinary collect ing system “9. Transtional cell CA (ess0e. wi Benzidine: naphthylawine; naline dyes; long teem ba w/ cyelaphasphamide) Cardias 17 Tumor Adults IO Nyxoma: "Ball Vale™ Cardiac 1 Tumor - Child EI Rhabdamyoma ~ezzociated w/ Tuberous selerosi Cardiac Tumor - Adults I Natostezes Cardiomyopathy “EB Dilated Congestive) Cardiomyopathy: Alehol Berens, Cocaine use, Coxsackie B, Doxonibicm 424, Systolic Dysfunction Cause of 27HTN “25 Renal Disease Cause of Addisons IE Autoimmune @7= fection) Cause of breast kmps IT Ch of the breast Cause of chronic endomet riosis RET Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia “IB. ZiHydroxylaze Def ervey: NaCl lost & Pypatension Ghen, It NaCl retention & HTN) Cause of Cushings “a0 Exogenous Steroid Therapy Ghen, 1V ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Eatopis ACTH) Cause of Death in Alzheimer pts “EI Pheumonie Cause of Death in Disbet ios BENT Cause of Death in premature EE NRDS = hyaline membrane disease Cause of Death in SLE pts “A Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative) = Renal Disease Cause of Dementia 5 Alshemer= Cause of Dementia (2 most common) “HEb. Malte nfarct Dementia Cause of Dwarfism iT Aehondroplasia Cause of Food poisoning BB Staph aureus Cause of Hematosalpynga Bid Eotopie pregnancy Cause of Hypoparathyroidism a Threidectomy Cause of Hypothyroidism Corrective surgery Tal treatment Cause of Kidney infections EE coh Cause of Liver disease in US aS. Alcchol consumption Cause of Malignancy in children ad Aeute bukeria Cause of Mental retardation EB Doone Cause of Mental retardation (2% most common) a6 Fragile X Cause of NaCl loss ond Hypotension aT Zihydronyloze deficwney Cause of PID EN ghonorthes Cause of Portal cirthosis “a9. Alechal Cause of Preventable Blindness 0 Chlamydia Gerotypes ABBax) Cause of Pulmonary HTN) BI coPD Cause of Secondary Hypertension Bt Renal dzvase Cause of SIADH I. Siall Cell Carcinoma of the Lang Cause of UT Obstruction in “Ea BP ryperplazie Page 10Cause Pemicious Anemia “BEE Chronie atraphve gastritis no production of wirwave Factor Chromosomal Disorder Hb. Doone ‘Common Tumor of the Appendix GBT Carcinaid Tumor Tlushing; darthea; bronchospasm, RHeart valular lesions 458 Tt: Nethysergide (HT antagonist) Congenital Cardiac Anomaly EB_VED membranous > muscular) Congenital Early Cyenasis 60. Tet ralgy of Fallot =rght ta left shant Coronary Artery Thrombosis FELLAD artery ME Demyelinat ing Disease “FEE Multiple Sclerosie (Gora Woods wagner rome sarang aed) 463 Periventriculorploques w! | Oligedenrocytes 464. IgG n CSF, Optic Neuritis, MLF Sysdorme = Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia bladder incontinence Dental Tumor 65. Odontome Dietary Deficiency 6 Tron Disease of the Breast “ET Fibrooyatie dewase Disseminated Opportunistic Infection in AIDS. EBCRV Preumoaysts carmilts most common overall) Esophageal Cancer FR SCCA Fallopian Tube Malignancy 0. AdenoTh Fatal Genetic Defect in Cascesions TT, Gyatie Fb rosie Chromazome Ta) Female Tumor Fe Lemyema Form of Amyloidosis “73. Immunalogw Bence Tones proten h malple myeloma i also called the Amyloid Light Grain) Form of Tularemia. FA Uleeroglendlar Germ Cell Tumor of Testes 75. Seminoma (analogous to dyagerminoma of ovaries) ‘Gynecological Malignanc) “76 Endometrial Caremome Gynecolagical Finding HT Endometrial CA Heart Murmur “TE. Nitral Valve Prolopee Heart Valve in Bacterial Endocarditis 75. Mitral Heart Valve in Bacterial Endocarditis in TV drug users a0. Treueped Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever FL, Naral then Aorte Hereditary Bleeding Disorder “FEZ Von Wilebrend’s Disease Hormone secreted in Pituitary Adenoma, ES Prolactin Inherited disease of the “EE Adal polyeyatic Kidney disease: associated w polyeystic er, Berry eneuryams, Milral prolpse Kidney 485, APDL~ chromosome 16 Intracranial Tumor in adults | 486 Gliblastoma malitforme Islet Tumor ZT nsulvema = Bcelltumor Liver 17 Tumor EE Hepatoma Liver Disease. ES Alccholie Lner Disease Location of Adenacarcinama | 490. Head (9%) of the Poncreas Location oF Adult Brain Tumors BT, Above Tentorum Location of Childhood Brain Tumors “WE Below Tentorian Lung Tumor, malignant oF beniga BE Malignant Lung Tumor, primary or secondary a Secondary Lysosomal Storage Disease 5 Gaucher’ ‘Malignancy in Women 456 Ling @ breast) ‘Malignancy of the Larynx BT Ghitie CA Gquamaus cel Paget‘Malignancy of the Small Intestine ‘Maligneney Vulva BIB. Squamous eel CA ‘Malignant Eye Tumor in Kids: B00 Retnablastoma ‘Malignant Tumor of the Liver BOL, Hepatocelular CA ‘Motor Neuron Disease BIZ ALS ‘Muscular Dystrophy “05, Duchenne’: Dystrophn deletion Presents Gyea weakness af pelve girdles w/ wpward pragrestin Nasal Tumor B04 Squamous oell CA Neoplasm - Child 305 Leukemia Neoplasm = Child (27 most common) 06, Nedulloblastoma of bran (cerebellum) Neoplasm of the West ‘BUT Adena CA of the rectum andTor calon Neoplastic Polyp 308. Tabuler adenoma Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults 509. Nemb rancus Glomeralenepheis Nephrotic Syndrome in Children 10, Minimal Change (Upod Nephrozi) Diseaze (responds wellte steroid txt) Non Hodgkins Lymphoma: BI. Folieular small lear ell Number of Deaths per year in Women 31. Ling CA ‘Skin tumor BIS Basal ell CA ‘Opportunistic infection in AIDS 34, POP ‘Ovarian Malignancy IB, Seraus Cystadenocarenama ‘Ovarin Tumor 316, Hemartoma Pancreatic Tumor BIT Adeno Gsually w the heed) Patient with ALL 7 CLL / AML JCM IG, ALL- Child / CLL~ Adult over 607 ANL- Adult over 607 CNL Adu 35-50 Patient with Goodpesture’s BIS, Young male Patient with Reiters 320, Nake Pituitary Tumor ‘I Prolet nama (27 Sematot rapic "Aciaphilis" Adenoma) Place for Primary Squamous Cell CA of esophagus 322. US Place for Peptic Uloer Disease. ‘BES Lesser curvature W ent rum =o Fad wl blood group O Primary Benign Salivary Tumor ‘U4 Pleomarphie Adenoma (Ned) 90% localized to the parat@ Primary Hyperparathyroidism 325, Adenomes Followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma) Primary Malignancy of Bone 326. Osteosarcoma Primary Malignancy oF Small Intestine 327. Lymphoma: Pr with Hodgkins ‘BEB. Young Nale (except Nodular Sclerezis type ~ Female) Pr. with Minimal Change Disease, 29, Young Chil Renal Malignancy B50 Reval eellGA Renal Malignancy of Early Childhood {BL Wikis tumor (sechreb astoma) = chromeseme Hip Salivary Tumor Ez Pleomarphie adenoma ‘Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 533. Hypocalcemia of Chronic Reval Falure ‘Sexually Transmitted Disease 334 Chlamydia Gero types D-k) Site of Divertiula 55. Sigmoid Calon Page 12Site of Embolic Occlusion {556 Niddle cerebral aa: cont valateral paralysis; aphasias; motor & sensory ss Site of Metastasis 57 Regional Lymph Nodes Site of Metastasis (2 most common) 358. Uver Sites of Atherosclerosis 59, Abdominal eorta> coronary popliteal carats ‘Skin CA of Fair Skinned 340. Nalignant melanoma People ‘Skin Concer Bal Basal Cell Carcinoma ‘Small Intestine Congenital | 542 Neckels duerticum Aromaly ‘Stomach Cancer B43. Adeno ~ associated w/ blood group A Testicular Tumor 344 Seminoma = malignant ponless testes growth Thyroid Anomaly B45. Theyaglossal duct oy=t Thyroid CA 346 Papillary CA “Tracheoesophageal Fistula {aT Lower exaphagus jams trachea / upper esophagus ~blind pouch ~polyhydrarnies execution Tumor inmen «20 348, Germ cell tumor Tumor of Infoncy 1349, Benign veztulor fumar = por wne stan = Femangioma Tumor of the Stomach >60 years of age. {B50.CA of stomach (eden CAY ‘Type of Hodgkins {B51 Mixed Celllarity (ersus hriphocyfis predemnence, hraphocyfie depletion, nodulor seleresi) "Type of Non-Hodghins 552. Follcular, smal cleaved “Type of Portal Cirrhosis 353, Mieronadular “Type of Soft Tissue Tumor of Childhood "54 Rhabdomyozarcoma Vasculitis (of medium & small arteries) ‘5B. Temporal Arteritis @ranch of Carotid Artery) Viral Encephalitis aay Worm Infection in US 357 Pinworm (= Ascaris) Worst Prognosis in Thyroid Cas 358 Follevlar CA Cause of Lebar Preumonia 5D. Strep, Preumane Cause of Death b/t 24-44 BE0AIDS, Cause of Preumonia in Cystic Fibrosis El, Peeudomonas Cause of Osteomyelitis in ZV rug Users {EE Peeudomonas Cause of Infection mn Burn Pts {ES Peeudomonas ‘Mental Problem in Males BEA Specita phobia Intelligence Test ‘505. Stonford Binet (ages 6A under) 566. WIPSI (ages 46) 567 WISKR (For ages 6-17) 568. WAIS.R (For 7 yoo) Parephilia 569. Pedophila ‘Met cbolite seen w/ 13570. VNA: vonilyimandele aod (NE metabolite) Pheochromacytama Severe Shigella BTL Dysenterie Bug in Ofitis Mediag Sinusitis in Kids ‘B72 Strep. Preumanie Cause of a Solitary Brain Abscess B73 Teroelh Cause of Bacterial Diarrhea nus. ‘74 Campylbaster jejant Shigella Type 375.5. Sonnet Page 13Cause of Non-Ghonococcal Urethrit is 376. Chlamydia trchomenas Preumonia ‘S77 Strep Preumanae Urethritis B78.N.ghonormhea Cause of Glomerulonephritis 1379. IgA Nephropathy = Berger= Dseaze Cause of Viral Preumonia BEORSV- wfants 581, Porainflenza~ kids 582 Inflenze vitus ~ adults 583. Adena virus military recruits Complication of COPD “364 Pulmonary wfections Cause of Death w/ SLE 85 Renal Fa Atrial Septal Defect 356. Oxtum Seaundum Type Warm Antibody “ET Nest common form of wmane hemalyie anemia 588.196 auto ont bodies to RAC 589. See spherocytosis; (0) Coombs" test; complication to CLL Tmmunede ficiency 390. IgA Defi weney Congenital GIT Anomaly '5T, Neckels Diverticulan: persistence of viteline duct/yoW soe stalk Cause of Congenital Malformation 592 Fetal Alcohol Syedrome Pharmacology Autonomic Nervous System Epinephrine Tal a@ Bl 62 Norepinephrine Za. ad. Bl pa pl ectway) GABA 3__ Causes an whib tory cellhyperpolaraation ‘Muscarinic-r Z_Uses DAG A IPS as D* messengers 5._Parasympathetic control Bethenechal 6. Cholmergic.| GI Bladder matiity, Txt atone bladder post-op Pilocarpine 7. Gholnergie Pup Wary constriiton= miosis. Cilary constrietien= aazomadat on 8__ Tet ccute glaicoma Teoflurophate 9 Organophosphate. Irreversible azetylchelnesterase OF Pralidoxime 10, "ZPAN™ Reverses organophosphate binding Yo eset cholinesterase Neostigmine TI Reversble azetycholnesterase Cr 12. Tet Myasthenia Grevie Myasthenia Gravis | 13._Anitbedies to Ach-r1'g muscular weakness due to Ach’s weak postsynaptic effect © NNT. Tnactnatest Tubocurium Ta, Nondepal. Competitive choline: 15. Prevents Ach binding but does not activate NM 16._| Histamine release: | BP & | bronchospasm “Trimet hephon T7._Nonselectwely Binds Nr of the PS- and SNS Pancurium TE Nore potent than tubecuriom we histamine release ‘Succinyleholine 19. Depel. Non compet twe ()r of muscle aaiton 20_ Opens Na Ch: fesciculat ons, Closes Na Ch = paralysie. Continuous infusion, ala bye ZL,_Mydriest due to norepinephrine. Prazosin () Wr & 6) 72_Niesis due to Ach Atropine ©. ‘Sympathetic 23. Post ganglionie symaptheti fibers releases norepmephrine Parasym Ta Post ganglonie parcsympathete fers release Ach Mar & Eye 75._ Contrasts sphincter = miazis Contracts ellary = accomodation M2-r& Heart 26 Negatwe chronotropy- | HR = vagal arrest 27_Negative inatropy: | contractility mar & Lung 28. Bronchospasm [searetions Mera 23._T motility (eramps & diarshea). Involuntary defecation Tacrine 3U_Acetylcholne exterase ()r. Tat Alzhemer= ‘Atropine FL_DOC w/ voqal rrest Glycoperrolate 32 ‘At ispasmodia Td peptic ueers Pirenzepine 3 “at ispasmodia. Tet peptic uleers Page 14Doxacuriam 34. Nast potent competitive nen-depalNINT ()r No cardiovascular se effects No Histamine release BDungarotoxin 35_Prevent the releazal of Ach from vercles © the pre syphie nerve ending ‘a bungarot oxin 3e_Trveversble Nor Gr = | ection potentale al é Eye 3T_Contracts rodialmuscle = mydriasis (pupil dren) al é Arterioles 38_Constiction [TPR = | Diastoli pressure =| Afterkad al & Verules 35_Constrictian: | Venous reture= | Preead al & Sex Function | 40. Ejaculation [Diastolic a_Tel=11R | Diastolic B_1 #2: Direct acting vesodlators: (Chale rales Bia Heart _Gehronet rapiem = TR 44. inot ropism = | contractility: [SV; 10; 10s consumption 45._1 conduction velecty Phenylephrine all (Nasal decongestant B2@) Asma Drugs “_Natoproterenal, Abuteral, Terbutaline; Riedie, Salmeteral Ritodrine/Turbut aline E_Relaxes myomet rum used m premature labor pane Phentolanine _ Epi reversal Blocks a, vasodilation occurs PY goes from HyperTN to HipaTN 50. Txt pheochromocytoma = LBP Terazosin 31 Tet 8H Yohimbine 32._1 sympathetic eutflow > a2 (). Tat impotence Cardioselective NWT | 53. Pancuronum = [FR due to atropine-Tke anti muscarmi vagolyfw effect & Gallamne Or Ecothiophate 34._Irveversble cholnesterase Or Pyridost igmine 'E__Cholnomimetic that [= M & Nev effects. C)asetyleholnesteraze & plasma cholnesteraze 56. DOL for the oral Tat of MG Cardiology Digoxin T 1 AV nodal conduction/ wh Na/KTATpaze =e: Ca cone heart cell = he cont rction force Diltiazem Z_ Tt black men. Tat AV nodal re ent ronce Quinidine 31 AVnadol conduction. Cnchonism Ant icholnergi= aggravate MS. Hypotension? ableck Verapamil F_[AVnedol conduction. | BP_Negative inotrope= no CHF use Propranolol 5._[ AV nodal conduction. | BP. Negative not rope block) Aggravates Asthma and Diabetes Nelius va b2 block Diazoxide_ © Bolonced vasodilator Niroprusside [7 Balanced vasodilator. Unloods heart Ts cyanide: preci w/ sulfate. Tad Acute HTNY Gri Reserpine Tat severe & resistont HTN Depletes CA. See stuffynose. Noto pts w/ peptic uleers Dobut amine 9A high doses fa of acts l= BI CO wl systemic vascular resistonce Dopamine T0__At bw doses Txt Shock= dietes renal ond mesenteric aa: maintain urine ouput Esmolol TE Short acting BO) Coptopril 12. Bolonced vasodilator. Tod Oulph CHF see dry cough bradykinin duced) Digoxin TS__Tat CHF & Airiol Flutter - wot opie [K+ levels: dig. Torey Dig. Toxicity [Fatal ventricular archythmias w sever AV block Quinidine T5__ClassTa enti arehythmis, Naderate Nah. Block Lidocaine 16 ClassI6 on arrhythmic. Nermolzes conduction. Tet witiol RI control arvhyihiniag Flecoride T7__Chasle enti arehyihmie, Narked eonducYon slowing “Amiodarone 18 Long #1/2= need potent doses fo obton desired level for aation See ble skin, ocular deposits, Pulnonary Frais NE T_T AV odal conduction via BI Metoprolal@) Bt ‘Ach 20._[ AV nodal conduction via M receptor. Atorpine@) ‘Aterolal ZI_Controls catecholamine induced arthyihinias Bret ylum 22. Tat Malignant Ventricular Arrhy hos but couses passing catecholamine release That con aggravate archyihimias brie a ‘Atropine. 2A] excess vagal fone os seen in Sinus Bredycordia Nitrates Z5._[ preload: venous pooling. | NVO2= reflex tochy [went work: dee O2 demand Propranolol 26._Blocks reflex tochybut causes excess brody= | diastole Timez [EDV Verapamil 27._1 02 supply via | vasospasm Tad Priametals variant angina “Aspirin ZB. Prevents arterial platelet adhesion (wo DVTrombi) Inoctivates COX=| platelet production of TwA2,a patent vesaconstictor PagesWarfarin TB.) dependent gemma carboxylation of clattngFostora= nt coagulation ahs Heparin BUL_Dependent on Antthrombw TTT actwatan TPA BI. Bands o Fibrin cbts & oct watesplsminagen on The spo. Short TUE, gen TV 32__Deesnot diccrimnate b/t fdrn-bazed cats: bleeding & stroke complictionsarze “Sireplokinase | 33._From bostersa= allergies ore. Can see excess bleeding w post-op pt Urokinese '34_Humon souree_ | plastin-Con see excess bleeding m postop ple Colestipol 35. ile aoidsequestronts Internipt bile aid reabsorption: [] DL uprake. Gholeslyrame sane NOA Lovest afr 36 HNGCOA reductaze (=| UDlor syrthevts Provestatin/ Nevastatn ame NOA Losartan 37_| Aldosterone. Renin 235 Diazoxide 36._Tat insuTnomas Not Balozed vosodor= nl dates arterial sooth muscle Clonidine Central a2). | TPR vie | symopthete effect Methyldopa “A Cent ral 2). Coombe Healy ania Thenytoin “HL_Classb, Reversex mid AV block due fe digitoxm Foxiehy Procainanide | 42_ChssTa SUE The syndrome Indopamide “S_Only Thiesde that will ave no eF Fea) on choleteral evel Thiazides -A_Oer bck men w FN due Yo [Ren BO) “Young white men wo esta couse bronchospasm) ACEIS “5 (change ATS ATT. © Bradykinn noctwatonCoptopril Enalopel 47__Couse renal failure = use w/ caution nthe elderly Epinephrine “HE | controction rate & force wi 49. | systolic but | diastole BP 50._[ peripheral resistance vin 6 vacodiliton Norepi TL [heort rate and [ systali ond diastohs BF 52._{ peripheral blood vesel resistance methyldopa 3._DOC fer pregnancy nduced HIN Quinidine pre-tsd_[ 54 Atral arehythmin preted w/acdrag tht wil | ventricular reponse: Dig WO Cach ©) Clossiz B._BG) [nk fo remforction & sudden death following MI "Gray mar” 56. Amiedarone: CossTTT anor hyo Beperidil 57._Ca Ch), Liitedelnicaluse due to Torsades de Pontes ACEIs TB, Vasudite renal efferentz) than afferent arterioles [GFR & Fifvation pressure 59._| Dibetic renal foilre progression “Adenosine G0. Its receptor ie Dlcked by athybanthnes (w Theophyine) 61. Foyored forthe Tet of Reentront Supra Verticuler Tachycardia Eroxaparin €2._Low molecular weigh? heporn = Oral anticoagulant Tsoproterenal [63 THR & [NAP Variant angina [64 Use Ca Gh. Orie. Nifedipine Contraindicaled iv | 65. b C)r= you don¥ want fo | the hear punping strength cHE CNS “TOM” 1 Short -ectng BDZ 2. Triazolam 3. Onezelam 4 Nidezelm Bulyropherane | 3__Hbperdol &Droperial ‘Atypical Da © _Clozopne- Thorderine = Olazepine~Raperiane = Do rot couse EFS Flumazeril T BDZ antidote For Ob Methylphenidate [8 _ Txt ottentin deficit dsorder Thenytoin T_Couses aplastic onemia/gnguaThyperplaial elt Tp & polo Thiopental TW Short ectng Barb Carbamazepine | 11 DOC trigeminal nearlja Tat lennox gestout semures Wks ‘Atypical Dé-r 12 Thinrdasine; Olanzopine; Cozophe Pimozide Ta, Tat Tourette Risperidone Teed For negate ayrproms Thioridazine TB._ Rost ant hotnergic neurolepre Haloperidol 16. Neurelephie malignant hyperthermia due To chvone DZ blak. ge Dan volene ond Bromocrptne PagesTmirpanine ar Clomirpramine TE Tad OCD See aggressie boharor wT wae Trazadone 15. Papi Bupropion Zaps to qa snaking ‘SSRIS F_Primarily used for 00D Fluoxetine 22 Geod For negate ayrplons Therelzine B_Ireversble NAOT Lithium 2a_Tat manic phose of Bipolar Disardor 25. Causes goiter by ©) conversion of T4 10.73 26. Nephrogenic dbetes nepidue 27_Low salt diet wil lead t9 Li toxicity ‘Alprazolam 28_DOC stoye Fright Propranolol W3._Sosia phobia = 30L_Spnal analgesia: Euphoria, Heuphars, vaedation Const pation i “I, Supraspnal anlgezie:Dyaphoria. wespratery depression eedation ‘Morphine & Or '32_Adm.& contrandicaed ta pts on morphine sedation: | COs serait ily ond Or admin can stop Breathing Morphine BIT ICP= de nat give To pt wih ead frouma ‘Morphine OD 34_Tpipont pis 21 respiraiton Seoma Meperidine 35._Anesthetio used durng lor Hydromorphone | 36_wG)used renal aire Tramadol ‘7_Arnbulotory tt Far mod. Yo severe pol Naloxone 38,_Tot apinid CD. Reverses respiratory depression Pentazocine 39. Port x) part we Butorphenol Fart eG) B part we Nabuphene “Part x) Bpart we LGABA 2_| saute Foo I Fast Nach -E_| elect ial ct wily spread = Phenyfon & Carbamazepine TWethoxyflurene | 44 Canbe nephratoxio, Needs lbw WAC for anesthetic nduction Enflurene “Con cause Yone/clone muscle spasms Isoflurane -5_Con cause bronchospasm Halothane. “A7_Con cauze vent riular ext axystoles & Nelgnant hyperthermia & Mapai ite Nitric Oxide “HEN fect on PRL Needs high NAC For westhetie ndustion Thiopental 9._Short acting Barb Kentamine 30_Dissocatve mestheVe Droperidol ST Con Be used n combo wi Fentanyl Tor nauraleproanalgesi effect 52_Neuroleptic tranquilizer. Has mild alpha block Fentanyl 33. Can be used on combo w/ Droperidal for neuroleproanalgene eT 34. Used transdermal for chron pain ‘Midazolam 35. Pre oestheti, Induces ames Primidone 36. Biot ronsformed to Phenabar Cai A delta Fibers | 57 Fist (hers tobe bhcked w/ anesthesia Esters 38. Provaine,Tetrocohve, Benzocane 59. Broken down and make PABA (allergen) Andes @0- Lidocoe, Nepiocine,Bupwasiare,Etdocaie= "'beTore "cane™ ays on ome 61._Natebolized m the ler “Amphetamine @2_DA reuptake (F. MAOT Parkinson et Bromocriptine @3._DEG) Used w/ L-Dopa For "on-off" phenomenon of Park naan Ben2t opine G_Aat Now] sore DA reuptake G) Parkinson’ xt “Amentidine @5_ DA revptoke, Con cause Inio retiulari= km mot Tag Dipherhydramine | 66. Tat early Parkinsons stages Bergolide OT > Effective & hnger oat ng thon Bromwerptne Ethosuximide @B_DOL For Absence seizures Tranyleypromine | 6% AOI = ent depressont SSRI & MAOL 70,_Fatal ono, especialy seen with The uae of Paroxetine or Fuoxet ne SORT) Trayleypromne WAOT) Lebor opioids T_Naperidne ENabuphine Page 17Desipranive causes [TE Selden cordon death wn chien Anti-Infective Primaquine TWolorie profits 5._Used for extraerytheoeyte forms Plsmed um vivax orP ovale Ciporfloxacin ©. Quinolone derivative ‘Sulfonamides 7 PABA structural enalgs 8._Inhibit Folic oid synthesis ert ecyalines. eruria d The exception |. Should ot be used in nurie pr due Yo preduchan of ()Nirogen balance & BUN Toes 10._Denyeyeine isthe exception Ceftriaxone TI, 3 generation cephelosporn 12. DOL fer bacterial menngits i kids Ge. HB) 13._One dase txt of gonorrhea Hepale coma DOG 4 Neomyen (aminegheesde) “W sopresses he normal fora = Tg NMA production = Tg 7 nitrogen levels the blodst ream Clavier acid TS. Trreversble Gr of flctomases, but ot of transpeptidase Tose w/ ap lahamase senaiive pencilin Tiperaailin Te Tit Pseudomonas oaragnese & Riccio 17._ Brood spectrumant ate “Streptomyen (anmnoglyeoside) Te Tat Aycoboctertm tubercuis soniazid 19. Host commonly used drug for TE. 20. Usually comb ned w! Rar in ond/or Ethanbutol 21, Pre Txt w/ Pyridoxine (Vit 86) con prevent perpheralneurtis! Tyrantel Peoate 22. Tad of Hookworm disease 23._Depolarizng NNJ Cr Buy"AT 30, "CELL al 80 2A = Ammneghsosides 25. T= Tetrocyelnes 26. C= Chloramphenol 27. E = Erythromyen (macrolide) 28. L = Cindammen 29. L = Lncomyein Cefoxitin 30. Tat ir oobdomial wf ectins (ew Bacterodes Trapis) 31. Traditional at hos been Cndomycin & Gent Grloramphericol 32 Brood spectrum ont Bohs 33, Bone marrow depression (common) ~ Aplastic anemia (ore) 34, Gray beby syndrome (chloranphenizal cnnat be conjugated) 35. DOC Typhoid Fever (symptomatic Salmonella nfecon) 36. DOC Hib meningitis n kee especial resistant stra 10 ampicillin ifurt imax T7._ Tet trypenosomosis Met ronidazole TE. Tet Lehmann & Anebiase 39. Good for anerabic bacteria = Bacteroides frgie 40, DOC Trichomonixi 41, DOC Giri labia Ta Peart 2. THP-SHD& Pentomiine Tet recycling 3. Tat of Brucellosis & Cholera ‘44, Tat Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 45. Tat spirochete nections = Lyme disease G@orreliaburgdorf THES FBG) dhryrofolte reductose ecw Benzathine Penicllin © “Tong duration of action = ghen once every 34 weeks Tor Tat of Sphile Braziquantel 8,_Tat Schistosomusis (vematede [uke] wfectins) Melarsoprol 3, Tat Tryperosomasis that has neurelogal snpton= Stiboghuconale 30 Tet Leishmaniasis Fluconazole 51 Tet Forge encephalie “Amphotericin © 32 Pohyene ant Tingel Ketoconazole MOA 35._() fongal ergosterol aythesis = dere membrane Griseofulvin MOA Ta. Accamiates nkeratinzed layers of the skin = used h dermatomycoses Hictions Mefloquine 35. Antimalaral 56, Tat Chloroquine resistant steans:P.faleparum Chloroquine 37. Txt for Holora when side RBC Page 18Nifurtimox 58, DOC Chagas disease due to Trypanesoma oraz Erythromycin 39. Used w pis alergis Te peneiline Nystatin 00. Topical txt of superficial mycatie nfections = Condon ‘Acyclovir OL Guanine oralog 62. Tat Herpes infections Tmipenem @3. Used w/ Ciastatin 64, Con cause seizures Cefoperazone side effects 5. Bleeding due to wit K level oferahions 66. Contrandicated in pts w/ bleeding disorders Vancomycin 67. Used for HRSS (wethicilin resistant Stoph- Aureus) 68. "Red neck" due to histamine release causes facial flushing ‘Weropenem 69. used wi Cllastatin 70, Dees not cause seizures (f w/ Impenem) Nafaillin 7i_Only penicillin that does nat need dose adjustment m renal pairment Peripheral neuropathy TE, Seen wi use oF 73._Netronidazole ~ Isoniazid - Vneristine ~ ddI - AZT- Allopurinol ‘Sulfonamides & newborns 74 Ker “ONE for gonorthea 75, Flioraqumalones used wa one doze deal for gonorthew 76. 0 Ofloxacin 77. N=Nerflexscin 78._E = Enoxecin Ribavirin 79. Tet RSV Respiratory Smayial Vis) Anti-Neoplastics Cyclosporine G0, Protects against rejections From argon transplonis 81. Does not induce bone marrow depression Cyclophosphamide | 82. Akylatng agent of both purine & pyrimidine bases of DNA 83. Tet CLL Cisplatin toxicities | 84. Nephro- & Ototoxiity | ‘Methot rexate T5,_Aatimet belie of Foi aad: Oahyarof oboe reductase | Leucovorin Rescue | 86. ConBlock/reduce Nethotrexate = | folie ocd vie a reduced folate | Bleomycin toxicities | 87 Preumoniis & pulmonary Tress ] ‘Azathiorine 8. Used in orgon transplontaion = Kiley allografts 89. Alopurinalcan its octity by () ts bot ransformat ion to xanthine oxiose OPP 50. Chemotherapy used inthe txt of Hodgkin’ disease 91. Mz Nechlrethamine - nitrogen mustord 82. = Oncovin (Vincristine) = prevents microtubule assembly 93. P = Procarborine 94_P = Prednisone - gucocortizoid, ducing opoptosis Tamoxifen 95. Cestrogen receptor 96. Tt of breast tumors, con see associated endometrial CA Flutamide 57. Antindrogenic 98. Used w/ Leuprolde (LHRH analog) 99. Tt prostatic CA Megestrol 100-6) progesterone receptor 101. Tet endometrial CA Flaoxymesterone | 102 Androgenic steroid 103. Tet mammary CA in postmenopausal women Methotrexate 104 Folie azidonalog thot (tet rahydrofolate synthesis By ()ahydrofolate reductase 105. Tet of ALL 106. Tet of Psoriasis Brain tumor Txt 107. Lomustine 108. Conmustine ~Couses pulmonary fibrosis ‘Streptozocin 109. Attaches to elle 110. Tet of penereoticinsulnomas Cylarcbine (Arac) | HL Pyrimidine nalog 112, DOC for AML Dactinomyein TES. Used for Wibrs tumor & rhabdomyosarcoma | Etoposide Ta Used for oat cell A ] Poclitxel TS, Used for ovarian CA Paget‘Amifostine HIS. Can [nephrotoxicity due te chronic use of Cuplatin Pathology Mobit2 T T7_ Usually due to wferior MI Rarely goes who 3” degree block 118 Tet w/ Atropine o Isoproterenol. wobite ET T9_BBB associat on. Often goes to 37 degree AV block Usually due to onterir MI P wave 120, Atrial depo ‘awave TEI UA controction T wave 122, Vefriular repo. Wavy fibers 123, Eosinophilic bands of necrotic mysoyies Early sign of NI 124, Aaute bacterial endocardit “Teneway$ lesions 125. Nontender, ythematous lesions of pakns & soles ‘Osler’ nodes 16. 127. ‘Subacute bocteriel endocarditis. “Tender lesions of fingers & toes Thiamine defoy 13. 2s. 130. Wet BeriBersheart Dilated (congested) cardiamyopathy due to chron aleahal consumption Dyr BeriBeri= peripheralneuropathy Wernicke-Korsokoff = ataxia: confusion: confebulation: memory loss Fibrinous Pericarditis BL ‘Associated w/ MI: Dressler ‘Serous Pericarditis Be ‘Associated w/ nonbecterial viral Coxsackie) nfection; Revunolagie reaction Friction Rub) BS. Pericardi i exsevition Hemorrhagic Pericarditis a, Aazoctated w/ TB or neoplasm Restrictive Cardiomyopathy BS. 136. 137, ‘Ake wfiltratwve cardiomyopathy that atffens the heart Due te omyleidosis in the elderly Due to also see schaumana & asteroid bodies in young (25 yoo) PMLS infectious agent 1. TC Virus Papovovirus = dsDNA, naked jeoschedrel cepsid) Edema BY. 0. a ua, TPe (wore seeps out) {ne (leas reabsorbed) 1 permeability Block lymphatic dramoge ‘Adult Polyystie Kidney, Disease Ea. ‘Commonly see iver eysts & Berry aneurysms along w/ Kidney oyste, Hematura & HTN alse present Beeysts in ea. Kidney w/ + familyhistory confirms diagnosis ‘Malignant HTN & Kidneys cu Petehil hemorrhages are seen on kidney surfaces = FleaBitten surface = young black wen Nephritic signs i. Tematuria: REC casts; HTN Nephrotic signs 17, Proteinuria; Hypoalburineria: Edema: Podocyte EFfacement seen wi Ta ‘Rinimal Change (Cow neph rosie) disease ‘ASO seen im Ta. 160. Toate post-arep ‘Anti streptolysn O coseal GN (ioe to BHGASHep) Grescentic GN iL 2. Rep idly progressive GN=nephrtie syndrome ‘Azzooiated w/ multisystem diseaze or post-strep/past infectious glomerular nephritis Hereditary Nephritis 153 14, ‘Aiports syadrame Xlnked Renol disease w/ deafness & oouale abnormalities ‘Wembranoprolferative GN 15S. on be secondary to complement deficiency, chronie nections; CLL 156. See tram tracking Typel Membrono 157. C3 & 196 deposits Proliferative GN deposits Type Membrano 158. Only C3 deposits Broliferctive GN deposits __| 159. Aka Dense deposit disease Focal segmental 160. TgM& C3 deposits glomerulosclerosis deposits Cold agghitinins T6I Seen wm atypical peuronia 162. It i IgM Ab with specificity for I/Ag on adult RBCs Sorofula 163.75 inthe lymph nodes “Aspirin-Asthma Tried Téa, Nasal polyps ~ Rhwite ~bronchoconstrition Ferruginous bodies 165, Hemesiderin @egment w/ Fe") covered macrophoges That have been pahgooyeed Panicoost § Tumor causes 16. Unar nerve pain & Homers syndrame Page20Fatty degeneration T67. Nade up primary of trghyoerdes 168. Nast commonly due to alcoholism which commonly kads to hepatic citthosie 169. Associated w/ CCl Cloudy swelling 170. Failure of cellular Na pump 171. Seen mn Fatty degeneration of the ler ond in Hydropic (Vacvolar) degeneration of the ver Hiydropic degeneration 172. Severe form of cloudy swelling 173. Seen with hypekelemia induced by vomitting/diarrhea Liquefaction necrosis T74. Repid enzymatie break down of lipids 175. Seen commonly Brain & Spinal cord (CNS) njuries 176. Seen im suppurative infections = pus formation ‘Coagulation necrosis, 77. Result of sudden schema 178. Seen in organs w/ end orteries limited collateral circulation) = heart. ng, kidney, spleen Casedtion necrosis 179. Combination of Both coagulation & liquefaction necrosie 180. Seen w/ M tuberculosis & Histoplasma copsulatum infection Fibrinoid necrosis, TEI. Seen i the walls of small arteriez 182. Associated w/ malignant hypertension, polyarteritisnadoso, immune mediated vasculitie Fat necrosis 183. Result of lipase act ons liberated from pancreatic enzymes 164, Seen w/ Acute pencreat tis = saponification results Hemoptysis 185. Blood sputum Pulmonary embolism TE6. Nast commonly thrambus fram lower extremfy vein Phlebothrombosis, T87. From avew of lower extremities of a pregnant uferas, h Congestive hear Fallre, bed ridden pi 188. As acomplicaiton in apt w/ Pancreat ie CA due ta 1d blood coogulbilit ‘Saddle embolus T89. Embolus ded in bifurcation of pulnonary franks 190. 11 RV strain = RV&RA dilate = Acute cor Pulnonale Paradoxical embolism T9T. Right fo Left shunt allows a venous embolism to enter arterial circulation 192. Patent ovale foramen or Atrial eptal defect Tuberouloid granuloma 193. Collection of macrophages w/e caseation 194. Seen w/ Sarcoidosis (on-caseat ing): Syphilis; Brucellosis ond Leprotic infections Cellulitis 195, Spreading wfection due fo streptococcus PSA 196, Prostate Specific Antigen = elevated m prostatio CA SAT 197. In cases of metastatic carcnoid, txt w/ Nethysergde GHT anfogonst) TaFeto Protein 198, Hepatocarcnoma 199. Neural tube defects CEA 200. Carcinaemb ryonte Antigen = elevated m Calon CA Chromosome 13 201 Retnablastoma Chromosome 1ip 202 Wins tomar of the kidney Vinyl Chloride 23. Associated wi Angiosarcoma of the Iver “Agent Orange 204 Contains dwxn 205 Implicated as a cause of Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's ymphoma & soft tissue sarcomas Parasites & CA 7206. Schistosoma haematobium = Urmary bladder CA 207.5. mansoni = Colon CA 208. Aspergilus flaws = potent hepatocarcinagen ‘Ochronasis 208. Alkeptonarie 210. Error in tyrosine metabolism due to Homogentisie acid (oxidizes tyrosine) 2UL. Invohing wterverteb ral disks = Ankylosing Spondilt ie =Peker spine 212. See dark urine; dark coloration of sclera, tendons, cartilage Tead poisoning 21S. Acid fast clusion bodies 214. | urinary copropeophyrn 215. Anemia: microcytie/ hypochromic 216. Stippling of the basophils 217. Gingival Ine & leed line m bones: x-ray 218. Nental retardation Heroin OD, clinically 219. Aassive pulmonary edema w/ Trathy Flad From The wastes Fetal cleohol syndrome 220, Smallhead, small eyes, Funnel chest, ASD, mental defiiency, and hirsutism ‘Atypical mycobacterium 22, N Kenazasii & N avium wt ravellulare Cold cbscesses ZI Lquefied TB lesions svilar to pyogente abscesses but lacking eute wflanmation ‘Actinomyces isrealli 223. Farmers wfection 224. Lumpy jaw (From chewing grain) & PID (IUD), but mast common is due to saprophyt cus Congenital Syphilis 225. Soddle nose, Saber shin, Hutchinson's teeth, nerve deafness, wferst ial keratitis 226 Reticuloendothelal giant cells on Fonsi, mph vodes, spleen Page2t227 Seen with Rubeola (weasles) due To paranyrovinus Diphyllobothrium larum 226. Tapeworm mfection causing megale laste anemia by consuming large amount of wt BI2m the host ‘Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis ZEB. a Hemolyte Streptococe(Svirdans) = usually w pt w/ pre-existing heart problem ‘Acute Bacterial Endocarditis 20. Staph aureus, f Hemolytic Streptocesal coli 231, Common among drug oddicts & dibetios Milral Insufficiency 252 Roptured papillary muscle Leff Anterior Descending branch 5G Branch of the Left Coronary artery 234 Highest frequency of thrombatie occlusion 235.A\ = anterior wall of the LV, especially in opical part of interventricular septum Leff Circumflex branch 26 Branch of the Left Coronary artery 237 Occlusion = MI of posterior/lateral wall of the LV Dissecting Aneurysm 238 False aneurysm i splitting of the media of the carta 238. Usually accompanied w/ long history of severe hypertension, also seen w/ familial hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic disease, Marfan’ Collagen disease 240. Zones of medial necrosis w/- slit like eysts = Medial Cystic Necrosis of Erdheim Cor Pukmenale 2aL Right ventricular strom associated w/ right ventricular hypertrophy ‘Acute Cor Puknonale 282. Sudden right ventricular strain due to @ massive pulmonary embaliam Bronchopreumonia. 223 Lebular (rather than lobar) 244 Due te Staph aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginese: Klebsiella Ecol 245. Absoess Formation is common Lebar pneumonia 246. Due to Strep, Pneumoniae wfeation (OW due to Kuba la) 247 Red Hepat ization: days 1-3 of the pneumonia 248. Gray Hepatizat on: days 3-8 of untreated pneumonia 249.Complicaitons: pleural effusion: atelectasa; fibrous pleurtis; empyema: fibrinous pericarditis otitis media Bronchiectaris 250. Permanent dilatation of the Branch: 251, Supporet on associated 252 Lower lbe > than upper labe swvalvement predispazed by chronie swosi is nd post nasel dre Cold Agha rine 253. Found w/ Neoplasia preumoniae Porlobular Emphysema 25d al ontiiepsn deficiency, cousing clastose | =I compliance m the ng Bulla 25 Associated w/ Emphysema = lb" > outpouchng - If # ruptures causes Preumathorax Farmers Lang 256. Due to Micropalyzpora foeni Ghermophile eat nomycete=) Bagassosis 257 Due fo Mwilgaris (stwamyeetes) 258 Inhalation of suger cane dust Silo-Filler’s Lung 259. Due to Nitrogen dioxide from nitrates m com ‘G6PDH Deficiency 20. Sex-Inked chronve hemolytic anemia wo challenge ov after eatng fava beans 261, Heinz Bodies eppear n RECs HOF IT 262 Sickle Cell Anema ‘Multiple Myeloma 263. Lye lesions of Flat Bones (sal & pepper lesions") = ver¥ebras, PBs, hull, Hypercaloemia; Bence-Tones proten costs Hodgkins Disease ZEA Nalignant neoplasm af The lymph nodes causing pruriis; Fever = looks ke on aoute wfection 265 Reed Stemberg celle Polyarteritis Nodosa 266. Immune complex diseaze of Ag-Ab complexes on blood verse] wall 267 Half of the mmune complexes have Hepatitis 8 Ag 268. Can see fever: cbd pain: | wt: HTN: muscle aches ‘sprue small wtestne wil are blanted 269. Celae disease due toa ghten-anduced enteropathy 270 High titers of ant -gladin Abs & | IgA levels Regional Enteritis 27. Crohn's Disease 272 Association w/ Artheitis; Uveitis; Erythema Nodosum Whipples Disease 275. Intestinal Lpody=trphy = malabsorption syndrome Kulchitsky calls 27a Neural cest cells from which carcinoids arise = of the Bronchi GIT Pancreas Ulcerative Colitis {275 Tnflanmatory disease of the colon w' | colon CA weWence 276.Crypt abscess in the orypts of Lieberkuhn 277 Peeudopolyps when ulers are deep 278.Not transmural involvement Vaginal Adenosis 279. Women exposed to DES (Dwthyltibestera) wuterobefare the 1B" week of pregnancy 280. Some develap clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina & cervis ‘Seirthous Carcinoma 2El, Infiltratng Duct Carcivema w fibrosis - most common type of breast caramama Hofbauer Cells 282. Lipid laden macrophages seen m vill of Erythrob aston Fetal Page 22Retinopathy of Prematurity ‘EG Ret rlental Fl roplasia = cause of bindness h premies due to high O2 concent ration= IgA deficiency TEEPT has recurrent afections & diarmheawi | respiratory trast allergy & autemmune diseases 285.1f given blood w/ IgA = develop severe, fatal anaphylaxis reaction Prianry Jorgen 2E6.Dry eyes & dry mouth, artheis. | rick for 8 oell hmphome. HLA-DRG frequent. Automnmune disease ‘Secondary Sjorgens 2A7 Rheumated arthritis, SLE, or systemic sclerosis essociation 288.RA oscaciation shows HLA-DR4 LOI a LOH 289. Aiyocardum. LDHi higher than LDH2 = Myocardial Infarction LOHS 250-Ling Fesue LOH & LOHS 231 Liver cele Keratomalacia 252. Severe Vit A deficwncy. See Bots spats w the eyes = gray plaques = thickened, kera?inaed ET ‘Metcbisfite Test 253. Suspending RECs wa low O2 content solution 294, Can detect Hemoglobin S, which sickles in ow 02 ‘icraangiopathie Hemolytic Aremia 295. Can be due Yo Hemolyite Uremic Syndrome & Thrombotis Thrambesylapenie Purpura (TTP) 296. See Helmet celle Wright S stain 257 Stam for Burkitt's mphoma ‘Moronucleosis [5B Due ToEBV afeciton 299.1f Nano ic treated w/ Ampizilln, thinking that it isa strep pharyngitis, a rach will occur Tei U0, Burkitt's lymphoma = emye oncogene overexpression T9:22) BOL CNL = cab Uber gene Formation = Philadephia Translocation Lengerhan Cell Histioaytosis 302 Letver Ste syndrome; Hand Schuller Chestion Disease; Eosinophilic Granuloma 303. Birbeck granules are present = tennis racket chope ‘Myeloid Met aplasia. 304 Alkaline phosphatase [Vnormal eompare to CNL = wto absent 305. Anemia: splenomegaly: platelets » Imilin = extensive extramedullary hematopoiesis ‘Multiple Myeloma 306 Weakness; wtloss; recurrent infection; proteinuria, anemia; { proliferation of plesma cells hE plasma cell dx 307. Serum A protein spike ~ most often of 196 or IgA 308 Hypercaloemia (I bone destruction) Tesi8) 309. NH Lymphoma = bel2 prote-oncogene overexpression seen w/ Small leaved Col Polieval Focal Segmental GNexs BID. IgA Focal GN = Berger's disease, SLE, PAN; Schonlei-Henach purpura (anaphylactoid purpura) Nephrotic Syndrome exe BH. Focal (Segmental) GN; Nembranous GN; Upaid (Nvimal Change) GN; Memb ranopraliferatwe GN; Hep By Syphils: Penieillenine ‘Schistosoma Hamat obiam BIE, Infection & essocaited w/ Squamous cell CA of the Bladder (nost common Bladder CA te Fransiional cell type) 313, Associated w/ portal HTN due to intrehepaticebst evction Penicillin Resistant PED 314 PID is usually due te N. Gonorrhoeae, but f unresponsive to penailln Think of Bacteroides species Duret Hemorhages BIS. Severe | m ICP w/ downward diplocement of cerebellar Tonsils nto Foramen Magnum causing 6 ‘compression onthe brainstem w/ hemarrhoging into the pons & midbrain, 316, Nearly always associated w/ death due to damage to the vital centers in these areas Hypertensive Hemorrhage IT. Predilection for lentiulost rate arteries = putamen & itera capsule hemormhages Cerebral Embolism From BIE, AT w/ Mural Thromb Atrial Fb Thrombi = Narantie thrombi; L-sWed Bacterial Endocarditis Paradoxical Embolim of septal defect Neurosyphilis BID. Tabes Dersalis= | joint positon sensation, | pan sensation, alaxia, Argyl Robertson pupils 320. Syphilitic meningitis 321, Paretic neuresyphilis oe 322.Cridi Chet mental retardation; small heady wide set eyes: bw sel earsi cal ke ory Trisomy 13 323 Pataus: small head & eyes; cleft lip & palate; many Tngers ‘Acute Cold Agglat naiton BEd Abate Tbbod group Ag. Neduted by Tg Abe 325. Complication of EBV or Mycoplasma pneumoniae nfections Chronic Cald Agghitinaiton 326, Associated w/lymphaid neoplasms. See agght nation & hemalysie w teave exposed ta coll, TM Abe REC Osmotic Fragility BET Hereditary Spherooyiont Non Hodgkins Lymphomas 326. Small Uymphooy ie: w grade 8 cell ymphowa of the elderly Related to CLL 329, Small Cleaved cel (Follcualt): low grade 8 cell ymphoma of the elderly. (14:18) bel2 oncogene 330-Large Cell 331, Lymphoblastic: high grade T cell lymphoma of kids progressing to T-ALL 332 Small Non Cleaved = Burkitt's: high grade B cell hmghoma, EBV infection. Starry skyhisto appearance ‘T(8:14) e-mye proto-oncogene Related to B-ALL Singers Nodules 5 Benign laryngeal polyps associted w/ smoking & overuse of The wee Paraseptal emphysema 334 Associated w/ blebs (large subpleural bull) that can rupture and cause pneumothorax Pagers“Superior Vena Cava Syndrome BIE. Obstructed due Fo brava genie carewoma, Causng swollen Fase & eyanasi= Betel ruts Bib, Associated to oralemncer Fundal (Type A) Gastritis 357 Antibodies Yo parietal cells: pernicious anemia, aufommune diseases ‘Ant ral (Type 8) Gastritis BIE Associated w/ Helcabocter (Canpylebecterpylon infection. 90% of duedenal ular Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 339, Autoimmune origin; midle aged women; anf rmitachondriel Abs ching; hypercholesterolemia (can see cutaneous xenthomas) ‘Acute Pancreatitis ‘enzymes = fat necrosis; sepponf cation = hypocaleemv | serum amylase 342. Severe epigastric cb pain: prostrat ion: radiation tothe back Radiating Back Pain 343, Chronie pancreatitis Complete Hydatidiform Mole 34d Ne embryo Paternal derwation only. 4600 Partial Hydatidiform Mole 345 Embryo. Zor mare sprems fertilized | ovum: fplady/tetroplody occurs Cold Nodules 346. Hypoplastic Gater nodules that de vat Fake up rode active wdne [Opposite-hot & da take up wane] ‘Acidaphils 347 Nant rephs = Prolactwe 348. Somatotrophs = GH Basophils 3a Thyratropha = TSH 350. Gonadotrophs = LH 351, Corticatraphs = ACTH & FSH Lacunar Strokes 352. Small/focal aa occlsions. Purely motor or sensory 353. Sensory: lesion of thalamus 354. Motor: lesion of intemal capsule CSF of Bacterial Meningitis 355. | Glucose, | Protein, | Neutrophil | Pressure CSF of Viral Meningitis 356, Normal Glcose; +-1 Protem: | Lymphocytes ‘Marble Bone Disease BET Osteoporosis: Abbers-Schonberd Disease = wapie of Td bone density, many fractures = | osteoclasts 5a, 358. Involved in Chemataxis (For Neutrophils) Cab 359. Invelved wy Opsonization @ 196) ‘Anaphylot oxins 360. C3a & Cla (nediate Histamine release from Basophile & Nast cell) Vasoactive Mediators BOL Vasoconstriction TwA2, LCq LDx UTE PAF 362. Vasodileion: PE: PGD:;; PGE: PGFse; Bradykinin; PAF 363. Jd Vascular Permeability Hist ; HT; POD,: PGE: PGF.; LTCu LTD LTE Bradykinin PAF Platelet Aggregation 364 ADP, Thrombin, TxA2; collagen; Epinephrine; PAF Platelet Antagonist 365 Prostaoyeln PST) Tntrinsic Bathwc 366.F RTT (Hagman): APT Extrinsic Pathway 367 FVIEPT Lines of Zehn 368, Arerial thrombi = pale red colored (lark red 5 venous Thromb) Currant Jelly cppearance 36D Past mortem cls Emigration: Chemotaxis, 370. Nargnation 371, Pavementing 372 Adhesion 373 Chemotaxis 374 Phogocytosie 375.Intrace ular microbial killing Tronsudate 376. Specife gravy « L012- low proven Baudate B77 Specific grauty> 1020 high proven Hurlers 37B Lysosomal storage disease ot Write Hep] breton Soccer Galoct osemia 379 Deficienay of Galactose [Phosphate Undyl Transferase_ | Galactose 1Phosphate Prenyketonuria 3D. Defieency: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase. | Phenyalonie & degradat on products 381. ousy body odor ‘Autosomal Dominant Diseases 382 Adult Poly Cystic Kidney Disease 383 Familial Hypercholestrolemia Disease 384 Hereditary Hemarthogic Telengectasia (Ocler-Webi 385 Hereditary Sphervcytosie 386. Huntington’ Disease (chromosome 4p) 387. Marfan's Syndrome 388 Neurof bromatasis (ion Reck inghausen's) 389. Tuberous Sclerosis 390_Von Hippe! Lindau Disease ‘Autosomal Recessive Diseases 391, Tay-Sad 392 Gaucher's Page 2d353. Niemann Pik 394 Hurler's 395. Von Gierke' 396.Pompe'= 397.Cori's 398 AcArdle's 399.Golactosemia -400.KU 401, Aleaptonuria X Linked Recessive Diseases “402 Hunter's Syndrome (-Lswwallre Sec thane," Wepwan/Oereon SU) 403.Felbrys Disease (acuaceaoue A deh deny, CeremdeTrhevade) 4404 Classic Hemophia A (fectar VEEEdef can, FRGmre or dromaoneie a Creme Theres) 4405. Lisch-Nyhan Syndrome (HT defidenc, ices) 406. G6Phosphatase deficiency (60? defi dency,‘ Cerenide Wexae 407 Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (optragan def nec, Carenide Tribe de) Hypersensitivity Reactions "ACID" 0B Type I (Anophylect ie) IgE mediated. Exs: Hoy Fever, Allergic osthma: Hives 409. Type II Cytotoxic): Warm Ab autoimmune hemelytic anemia: hemolytic transfusion actions; Erythroblastosis Fetals; Grave's Disease; Goodpastures 410, Type TI (Inmune Complex): Incolible complement bound oggregates of Ag-Ab complexes. Exs: Serum 1s; Arthus Reaction; Polyarteritis Nodoso: SLE; Immune Complex Nediated Glomerular Disease 4. Type IV Delayed = Cell mediated immunity): Delayed hypersensitivity. Involves memory cele. Exe: “Tubercule reaction; Contact dermatitis: Tumor cell kiling: Vially infected cell kiling “Transplant Rejections AZ. Hyperacute Rejection = occurs w/n minutes of transplant Ab mediated 413. Acute Rejection = occurs w/in days to months of transplant. Lymphocytes & macrophages. Only rejection type that con be treated wi therapy. 44, Chronie Rejection = o2curs manths to years of transplant. Ab mediates vascular demoge Blood Metastasis “IS. Sarcemo, exception ~ renal cell A: early venous mvasion| Lymph Metastasis “IG Carcinamo, exception ~ renal cell (A early venous mvasion| Aflatoxin “HT. Seen w/ Aspergilos | isk for Hepatocellslar CA Cleft Lip IB Incomplete Fusion of maxilary prominence w/ media nasal prominence Cleft Palate “IV. Incomplete Fusion of lateral palatine process wi each other & medion nasal prommence & medial pola ine prommence Croniopharyngioma HG Pituitary tumor - usualy caleied Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Thalved w Viewn relay ‘Medial Geniculate Body Tnvoled w Hearing relay Lung Development Glandular S17 Fetal weeks Conalicula 13-25 fetal weeks Terminal Soc 24 weeks to birth Alveolar period birth-8y00 Hearts Beat 22 days Foregut Muth > Common Bile Duct supplied by Celie Artery ‘Midgut ‘Ducdenum, just Below Common Bile Duct > Splenis flexure of the Colon supplied by Superior Mesenteri rtery Hindgat Splento Flexare > Bult crack > supplied by Inferior Nesenteria Av Hypnagogic Hallucinations | Nereelepsy Type I Error ‘a "Convict ing The inocent™~aacepting experimental ypothesis/rejecting nallhypathesis ‘Subdural Hematoma Ruptured cerebralbridging vem= Epidural Hematoma Ruprured middle menngeal arfery “ntervals of lcidness" 2 to Temporalbove fracture ‘Type II Error Br'Setting the guily free" fall o reject the wall hypatesis when ft was False Power oF ‘Sensitivity, PS ‘Specificit TWINS Positive Predictive Value TP FP Negative Predictive Value | IWIN FN ‘Odds Ratio eilbe ‘Dimers BIC. Delusion Disorder of Thought content Loose Association ‘Skip From topic Yo topic 5 Stages of Death Denial ~ Anger ~ Bargaining ~ Depression ~ Acceph PagesTF Bronchial Arch Mechel ilage gies ree to novs/malleus bones of ear 2 Bronchial Arch Reichert cartilage - gues re To stapes bone of ear ‘Medion nerve lesion No pronation Radial nerve lesion Writ drop ~ sean wi Famerua fresh ‘Common peroneal lesion Foot drop. Ne darsflexion or eversion of the Foot Diract inguinal hernia Goes through super? ieal gual rng, Nedial to inferior epigastric artery Seen in alder men Indirect wguinal hernia Goes through deep & superficial ngunal Png Lateral to mferir epigastric artery Seen in young boy - processus vaginalis did no © Diephrogm T8, THO, Tie TE = Inferior vena cave THO = Ezophagus/ Vogue Ti2 = Aorta/ Thoracie duct/ Azygous vein Hemiballism Wid Flan of Term. Lesion of the sub Thalanie nucleus O Linked Oligosaccharide __| Inthe Gobi Tathe RER Nlirked Oligasaacharide MLF Syndrome Tnfernuclear Ophthalmoplegia: redial rectus paly on lateral gaze; Nystagmus on abducting eve Seen w/ MS ‘ADA Deficiency ‘SCID Rophe Nucleus Initiation of sleep via SHT predominance Bwaves ‘Alert; Awake; Active mind ~alzo seen w REM, therefare we zay ‘paradoxical sleep Trreversble Glycolsis Enaymes Texaknaze PhosphoFructo Kinase = Rate Limiting Step Pyruvate Kinase Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Trreversible Gluconeogenesis| Enaymes PyravateCarbexy Kinese PEPCarbaxykKinace Fructaze 1.6 BPhosphat ace ‘Glucose 6 Phosphatase "muscle dase not toke part in Ghconcogeness, only tekes place in the liver, kidney & GI epithelium Pellagra Dierthea, Dermatitis, Dementia Niacin Deficienoy (Vit 83 deficiency) Hartoup': Disease Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome INHuse TLcFN ‘Needed az co-factar for Pyravate DH complex & a Ketoghtarate DH complexe LCAT oF PCAT Exterifwation of cholesterol: leothn cholesterol aetyitransferaze Lecithin = Phosphotidylcholne, therefore phosphot dyleholne acetyltrancferase HMECoA Reductase Rate Imifing step m cholesterol synthesiz Changes HMGCoA > Mevalonate by Lovastatin Ketagenic amino acids Levene & Lysine Glucogeni¢ amino acids Methionine, Threonine, Valne, Arghine, Histadine Keto & Gluco amino acids Phenylalanine, Trytephan, Iseleucine Camitine Shut Te Feeds FA ito the mitochondria for their consumption Cori Cycle Keeps muscles working nee robiealy Transfers lactate to the ler to make glucose which is sent back ita the muscles far energy use CNet Pump (ATPase) ‘Oueban TEE" pump] Vonadate [() phosphorylation] Digoxin [T heart contrectility] TCA Cycle Products “Citric Acid Te Krebs Starting Substrate For Mitochondral Oxdation Citrate > Aconitate > Teocitrate > a Ketoghtarate > Succinyl > Succinate > Fumarate > Malate 2OAA Cones Calor vin. Contain Todopsin = Red-Bhe-Green specific pment. For aouty, Rods Contam Rhodopsin pigment. High sensitivity. Concentrated m the fovea, Night vision Gost rule Seen @ 37 week: Ecto, Meso & Endo Epiblest (© 2 week: forms the primitive streak, from which Meso & Enda came from Directly gues rise fe Eafe ‘Syderhan’s Chorea Post streptococcal nfection Nearotiang arteritis of the caudate, pulamen, thalamus (@) Frei Test Ghlomydia Trachomat’s Types LI L2,L3 = Lyephogranuloma venereum Pagers‘Scbourauds Agar ‘Care For al Fungh ve Guha Grptomcau retonar ois Farce omar FMRI Gene Defect Fragile X Syedreme"masro-archidiom, lng faze; large jaw: large everfed eats) eutsm, mental retardation Barr Body Present mn Kienfelhers: Males XY [Not present in Tumer's: Female: XO Aortic Insufficiency Signs | Traube Sign = Pistol zhot sound aver the Femaral vessels Corrigan pulee = water hanmer pulse over coratid artery = sortie regurgitation Scleroderma "CREST" Calenesis; Raynauds; Esophageal: Sclerodact yl: Telangiectasis ret inism ‘Sporadwe:bad TA phosphorylation or developmental falure of thyrod formation Endemic: no lodine in det: protruding belly &belly button Hemochromatosis Triad Micronodulr pigment cirzhosis; Bronze Disbetes: Skin pigmentation = due to] Fe” deposition Highly Tested Drug Side Effects Agrenulocytosis 20. Clezapine, Chloramphenical ‘Aplastic Anemia “21 Chloramphenicol 422, NSAIDs 423, Benzene ‘At ropine-like Side Effects 2d Trayelios Cardiotoxicity "25. Doxonbicin 426. Daunonsbion Cart lage Damage in Children "2. Fhorequinolone= (Cproflox Ginchonism 28 Qundine Cough 29. ACE Thiers Nephrogeric Disbetes Tne pidus AS0___Lithium (Tet w/ Amloride) Disulfiram-like Effect TSI Metronidazole 432.__Sulfonylureas (1! generation) Extropyranidal Side Effects BB. Antipsychotics (Taaarane lope Gaerpomsne) Fanconi’ Syndrome G4 Tetrecyeline Fatal Hepatotoxicity (secrosis) 35. Vabprois Aad 436. Holothone 437. Acetomnaphen Gingival Hyperplasia 38 Phenyion Gray Boby Syndrome 39. Chloramphenicol Gynecomastia TAO. Cimetidine 441 Azoles 442. Spironolactone 443, Digitale Hemolytic Anemiain G6PO-deficiency | 444. Sulfonemides 445, Tsonianid 446. Aspirin 447. Tbuprofen 448. Primoquine Hepatitis 749, Tzonianid Hot Flashes, Flushing 750. Nace 451. Tamoxifen 452. Ca Channel Blockers Tnduce CP450 “453. Barbiturates - Phenobarbial 454. Phenyton 455. Carbamazepine 456. Rifampin Inhibit CPa5O 57. Cimetidine 458. Ketoconazole Interstitial Nephritis, 259. Nethielin 460. NSAIDs (except Aspirin) 461. Furosemide 462. Sulfonamides Monday Disease 6S. Nitragiyeern lpauvaleqeare ‘dons dang weak = ex of Warne ig wechon = es ‘Orange Body Fluids Tea Rifampin Page27‘Osteoporasis, 5 466. Corticosteroids Positive Coombs" Test 67 Nethyldope Puknonary Fibrosis 68. Bleomyen 469. Amiedorone Red Man Syrdrome 70. Vencomyen ‘Severe HTNwith Tyramine Wi__NAOIs ‘SLE-like Syndrome “72. Procainamide 473. Hydralazine 474, INH Tardive byskinesia ‘ATS. Antipsyahot es (visas Melgar Gaerwomave) Clozapine: only ant psycho 76, give you tardive dyskinesia. Tinnitus 77 Aspirin AT8__Quindine Microbiology Lactose formers TEER Citrobacter Enterobacter Coli (C1 copsule mest important) Nan lactose formers “SHPPS" Motte Shigella. — Metis Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis) T 2 3 4 5._Klebsiella € 7. 8 9 Proteus ———— 10, Salmonella __ — Non Motle: noH2s ‘May Tack color TL "These rascals may mierezcopwally lack colar 12. Treponema 1B. Ricksette 14. Mycobacterium 15. Mycoplasma 16. Legionella 17. Chlamydia TeANP 18. "CAPE" 19. Cholera 20. Anthrasis Poly glstamate copsule) 21. Pertusis (ia 6) 22. E coli(LTenterotoxn) Have Capsules [je., are Quelling Reaction (I 75. "Some killers have pretty nice capsules 24. Strep. Peumonine 25. Klebsiella 26. He 27. Pseudamane Aeroginasa 28. Netzeria meningitis 29. Cryptoceccus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen) Dimarphic Fungi 30. "Can Alze Have Both Shope’ 31. Cocciades 32. Aspergills 33. Histolpasma 34. Blastomyces 35. Sprothrixschenkit Have B Prophage 36. "OBED™ 37. 0 = Salmonella 38. 8 =Botulium 39. E =Enythrogenic strep 40_D =Dipthera ‘Spore Forming Bacteria “i_Bosihs & Clostridium fave coleum drpiclinate) IgA Proteases E_Neiseria, Haemophilus, 5 pneumoniae Widal Test S_Salmonelle (inert grein teecnal raga ogra nahoies A 9 0.H M Smle Ae PagersWaysons Stain Versa Preumonic Plagae Transmission E_Person ta person of w/ Bubonie plague that war ve wfected Flea ‘Splenectomy b._Predisposes Yo septicemia Trvesins “AT VersniapseudaTubereules Fusiform B_Vncent’s Trench mouth S. viriders “¥_Dexiran mediated adherence ‘Obligate Aerobes 50. Pseudomonas & Nycebacterim Obligate Ancerobes Si_Clestridinm, Actinomyees, Bacteroides ‘Staph aureus 32. A Praten, Catalase ¥/ Coogulase + ‘Spirochetes: 5_Treponeme, Borrelia, Leptospira Non Motile Gram (@) Reds 54, Corenybosterium D &Necardia ‘Acid Fast Organisms '5_Ryeubast eum Cryptosporidium Nocardia paral) Leguneliamiededet Isospora Pigment Producing Bacteria 56. Serratia= red (Gan cause pseudohemapt ysis) 57. Pseudomonas A piaeyonin blie/green 5B. Stoph Aureus yellow~Protem A 59. Nycobacteria - photo/scot® chromogenis ~caritineid -yellow/orange 60. Comeybacterium D ~ black/gray~ pzeudomemb rane plaque in throot 61. Bacteroides Porphyromonas) melaninegenicus ~bleck (heme) 62. E coli~inredescent green sheen Bacterial Morphology @3. Pneumacecei lancet shaped dploceaei 64, Netsseria~ kidney bean shaped diploce 65. Camphylobacter - gulls wings/eomas 66. Virie Cholera ~ coma shaped 67. CormeybecteriumD ~ chub shoped (nonmot il, GiRed) 68. Yersinia sofety pin seninvoyeate stn Tncluslon Bodies 69. Rebies - Negri bodies ~ nt ravyroplaamie 70. Pox vieus~ Guarnieri~ ntracytoplasmic & ecWophilie 71. CNV Owls eyes - intracytoplasmic & intranuclear 72, HSV Coudey bodies - intranuclear ‘Schistosoma Taponicum Manson 73. Intestinal contact w/ bad water ‘Schistosoma Haemat oligm 74 Vesicalor~ contact w/ bad water Non Human Schist som 75._Swiwmer's eh ~ contact w/ bad water Clonarchichis 76. Chinese Iwer Fike ~ eating raw fish. Tet: Praziquantel Fasciola Hepat ica. 77__Sheep = eating raw fish. Td Praziquartel Fasciola Biski 76. Giant wtestinal fakes cating raw fish. Tet Praziguantel Paragonimus Westermani 79. Ling Fluke = eating row fish. Tits Praziquantel Oxidase (2) BO. Newerria and most Gram Ce ‘Micro Aerophilic BI_Comphylobaster & Heloboster Urease @) 32. AllProteus con cause Staghorn/Struite calcul (NH Ng” stones): alkaline urine 83. 84, 85. 8 Coagulese 7 ‘Obligate Int racelolar Bacteria BE Chlamydia Pistaceienamaa door make om AT; Mycobacterium leprae; oliRakeT¥sia except Roochalimea (mie an A warn Protozoa, 35 Plasmodium: Toxoplasma ghondi: Bbesin, Leshmanie) Tryparasona Crizi ‘Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites 30. Treponema palidam & Pneumocystis Carini (Camat be cultured on wer? media but canbe found extracellularly nthe body) Haemophilus Factors TIX: Protoporphyrn & V=NAD Allcocci are. 3 Gram @) except For Neisseria & Moraxella "Eaton Fried Eggs" 33_Nycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (weds cholesterol) ‘Mycoplasma 34. No cell wall Nembrone hes cholesterol. Smallest Iving bacteria, 95. Pl protein inhs ciliary action 96. Fried egg colonies 97._Atypivel pneumonia young adults ‘Scbrands 96. Fungal media Malessazia Futur 3S Spoghettv& meat ball Page 29‘Measles 3c 0. 101 Caugh = Caryza~ Conjunctivitis. Can also have phatephaba Nay lead to swbocute Selerosing Panencephalitis Non Motil Bacill & Clostridium 02 8. Anthracie & C Perfrmgens Bloody diarthea agents 103 EIEC- EVEC- Shigella - Versensa enterocolitica ~Entaamebahistolyica= Salmonella ~ Campylobacter jejuni Vula5CA TON menngifdis vecewe capsualr polysaccharide rane Indien rk 105. Cryproceccus neofarmans Neegleria causes 106, Colonization m The nasal passages after summing Need Cysyeine for growth 07. "Ella Tkes cystene™ 108. Francicella 109. Brucella 10. Legionella U1, Pasturella Endotoxins, G(@) oF SC) 112. Gram @) N meningitidis Ecthyma Gongrenosum, seen w/ crc Pseudomonas cerogmosa, Target shaped sam leans w/a black center and red 7g surrounding the lesion Endospores GO) Ta, Gram @):Booilus & Clostridium ~made up of dpicelnate @keratm ‘Multi Brain Abscess 1, Nocardia Single Brain Abscess Te “Hatnamyees reel risk for Strep preum Infection 7. ‘Aaplenie; Sekle cell remiay Femunecompramising Wess ‘e Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive Te “Sirep.Preumoniae 1 Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant Ts, “Strep. Virdons (Subacute Endocarditis) ‘Staph. Soprophyt ious TH. Novebocin Resistont UTTa) ‘Staph. Epidermidis ar Nouebiocin sensitive Endocarditis w 1VOUs) B Hemolysis/Bacit racin Sensitive 122. Strep. Pyogenes @haryagits: Scarlet fever, cells mpetiga: Rheural 123. Hyoluronic capsule; non-met ie; M proteins: Endotoxin A B Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant 124 Strep. Agalactioe Diabetes predisposes to nfection) EFIE Ribosylation 125, Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotexan A Bacillus Anthrosis: 3 Toxins 126, Protectwe Antigen @A) (war weademfae eyes) 127. Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophoges 128 Edema Factor = | cAMP Woolsorters Disease 2. Becillr anthracis DOC: Penile Grows in Rice BH. Boole Cereus Clostridium Perfringens ar 12. Dasble Zone p Hemolysis Gest) Lecithinase: a toxin = lyses RBCs 80% of gar gangrene (myonecrosie) cases Clostridium Difficile cc 135. 2 Toxins: Enterotoxan Exotexn A) & Cytatexn Exetoxn B) Pseudomemb ranou itis an be precpitated by clindamycin/onpizilin) ‘Spastic Paralysis toxin Bs. Clostridium Tetani tox Clostridium Botulinum 7, Bed canned foods have neuratoxn = flaced paralysis black Ach release) Infant Botulinum 138. Floppy Beby Syndrome Pre formed tox whoney "Thayer Martin Agar 9. Newzeria ID DOC for N. gonorrhoeae 140. Ceftriaxone KLE. Coli Copsular Ag THI Related wi neonateal meningitis The As of Klebsiella, 12 13. 144, “Aloha ‘Aspiration pneumonia. Abscesses n the hinge Rice H20 Diarthea’ 1. Vibrio Cholera: metebole aedoris Raw seafood itoxicalton Ts. Vibrio paraheralyt Helicobacter Txt 17, Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (er amoxiella) risk of P. eeroginosa infect ion Ta Bum patients & Cystie Forests Contact lens infection 9, Pseudomonas ceroginosa Cat Bites 150, Pasteurella multocida Undulent Fever TET. Brucella Bordet Gengou Agar 152, Bordetellapertusis TO Lowenstein-Tensen medium 13 Wi tubereulezie 1D Cat Scratch Disease Tea, Bartonella henseloe, Leion can resemble Repose sarcoma Page soTS. Toxoplasnazis ink Eye 156. Adenovirus Qype 8) True Hemophrodite TAT. Testes & Ovaries are present Pseudo Hemaphrodite THE. External enitaha does not conede wi gonads ‘Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite 159, Testicular Femmization HLA Genes Location 160. 6p Parvovirus B19 TSI. Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (G2DNA). Lnked wi zileoell anemia Interferon MOA 162, Inhbits viral replication (ranclation ar transerpt en) ‘Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis TES. Seen w/ wfections from Enterovirus & Consazkoe A Parainfluenza Causes. T64. Croup (Caryngat racheab renchitis) ‘Swimming Pool Conjunct vit = 165, Adenovirus (ypes 3&4) RSV 166. Bronchiolitis im wfants Removed tonsils, find what virus ‘asta on can occur 167. In BOE, Adenovirus In the enamosuppresse Bone Fever: 168, Dengue: Group B Tagaviras, from the Arbouiras,Fronsmited by mosquitos HbsAg 169. Appears in blood soon after fection, before onset of aaute Mess 170. Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of elnical less HbeAg I7L. Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease 172. Disappears before HbsAg i gone AntcHbe 173. Present m begining of clmieal hese 174, Seen inthe "wndow phase” Filamentous Bacteria 175. Act nemycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streplomyees Listeria contaminates 176. Nik, cheese, vegetables Coleslaw) w recent nections Shiga like Toxin T77_E. Cal OIST/HT: Hemorrhogie colitis & Hemarshogie uremic syndrome Necrotizing Fasciitis TTS. Group A Streprocecei Relepsing Fever 179. Borrelia recurrentiz Loffler’s Medium TEU. Cormeybacteriam diphtherce Chiamydiae Developmental Cycle TAT. Elementary Body: wfeccious particle that Enters the cell 182. Reticulate Body: mode from elementary body Replicate, differentiates and releases lementary bodies to fect other cell 183. W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions 184, Cell wall lacks muramic aid Trench Fever 185. Rechalimeea quitana ‘Spotted Fever" Members 186, Ricket ssiaricketisii MSF) AR. akarl Fcket sil pox) w the US. 187.R.sibirica (tick typhus im China) &R custralis ('yphus in Australia) Thrush Tt T88. Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth Rose Bush Thorne 189, Hove Sporathroc schencki ‘Contact lens solution infection 190, Aconthamaeba Fillariasis Causent T9T. Wacheriabancrofti(nfection ka elephant tis & wacheriasis Freshwater lake infection 192. Causes emebie menngoencephalti due ta Naegleria fewer Reduviid bug bite. 193, Tranamits Trypanoma cru (Chagas” disease) Romana’ Sigh ‘Schistosoma Heematobium causes 194 Bladder caleifiaiton & cancer ‘Schistosoma Mansoni causes 195, Presmusoidal HTN, splenomogaly, esophageal varies ‘Snail, intermediate host of. 196. Schistesomiasie ‘Drodes scopularis transmits 197. Babesia Cliniealy remb les malaria) & Borel burgdorter! Nantucket Protozoa TE. Bebexia merot Infection by Reduviid Bug 199, Trypansoma erusv Chagas Disease Infection by TseTse Fly 200. Trypanzoma brucei gambenze & thodense™ Afric Slepng Stkness Infection by Sendfly ZO. Leishmaniasis: Mucoctarcous Dueases ByL Branlienss & Vaceral Duease ByL dovvani@ Derma Leshman by. tropca mexicana peruriene Tnfection by Ixodes Tick ZOE Babesie mirotiBabesiosie & Borrelia burgderferr Lyme Diseaxe Infection by Anopheles Mosquito 205. Nalaria "Trophozoites w/ "Face-Like” Appearance 24. Giardia arbi Nonseptate Hyphae. 205. Zygomyeosi= Rhizopus & Nucor. Only mycosis we septate infen Wim oan balei Histoplasmosis Geography 206, Ohio, Mississippi: Misouri River valleys Coocidiaidomycosis Geography 207. Southwestern deserts, California Blastomycosis Geography 206. States wast of Mesieppi River PagestParacoccidioldomycosis Geography 209. Lat Amara Roseola Infection, cka ZIU_ Exanthema Sub fun Sath Disease” (Human Herpes Vins-6 GON, enveloped) Herpangina Til, "Hand-Foot-end-Neuth” Disease Coxsackie A Picornavirus rRNA) ‘Orthomyxovirus Tid -SRNA, enveloped viras 213. Spike Giycoproteins ieplomeres): HA = Hemaghttinny & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres are what give the virus ontieni variation 214 Inflvense A&B Paramyxavirus 215. RNA, enveloped. Nast common cause of respiratory nfections m Kis 216. Mumps: 217. Croup Parainfuenza virus) 218. Rubeola(Measles virus) 219. RSV Togavirus 220-+s28NA, enveloped 221.3 Day Measles: German Neasles:Rubella/ Rub virus 222. Encephalitis viruses: Alphoviruses: Eastem (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis Flaviviris ZOS_Dengue Fever= icterus &hemorthage w/ bles vomit 224 Yellow fever 225.St_Louis Encephalitis -no hepetitis or hemorrhage Bunyaviras 226.-s:BNA, enveloped 227 California Encephalitis - severe bifrontal headaches 228. Hantavirus “hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome IgA Protease Activity 229.1 Influenzae (eds factors V& X or growth) 230. Strep. Pheumonine 231. N.menngitdie 232.N. gormarhoae 233.W/ thie ectivity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa Diphtheria ABCDEFG 734 Adenopathy 235. Prophage encodes the exotoxin 236.Cormeybacteria ie Cub choped 237 Diphtheria 238.Elangat on Factor II 239. Granules (metachromatic) Orly sSNA 240 Porvouis: "Part of a vius™ ‘Only dsRNA ZAL Reoviras, RepeatOviras™ Naked RNA Zaz "Noked for CPR™ Calewiras Pico moviras; Reourus 2 circular DNAS 2S Popavavirus & Hepadnavirue ek 244 Popovavirus. Seen w kidney transplant pallnts (Causes renal disease) Hepadna, Ref rovirus? 245.No, but has reverse transcriptase Picornavirus:"PERCH’ 246 Polloviras; Echo; Rhino, Coxsackie, Hep A Hemorrhagic Fevers 22, Filoviras & Bunyeviras (antavinss) ‘Segmented viruses ‘Allare RNA: Orthomiyno; Arenas Bunya: Reo Eclipse Phase ‘No mtemal virus Ttotal virus per eell Latent Phase No extemal virus. Ext rasellular virus found Naked Copsid Virus ‘Nusleocapei. DNA or RNA + Structural protene Erveloped Virus em rane. Nucleasopsil + Ghycoproten Interferon ‘Non virus specifi, Works by RNA endonucleaze = digests viral DNA + mh wrel prot ayith ‘AIDS structural profs ag. pol env ‘AIDS regulatory prots Tat. rev nef ‘AIDS gpl env prot “Transmembrane ‘AIDS gp120 env prof Surfece ‘AIDS pI7 gag prot atric ‘AIDS p24 gag prot Cops ‘AIDS p7p9 gag prot Ncleosopsid DNA Viruses E Brick Rep3S P= Popova Cire @ RNA Viruses be fee cod Pe twa eo TiStgn ep neve Ts te bee Cotati wae wer CRA Wes 3 a 2 A Orton | oie bp AR OF ben eer Rane outer Hepat itis Window Period “Fiver Hosig disappears & Before Pb=hb eppears Hepatitis x a € D Picorna Hepadna, Flaw Dela Downey Type I calls ev Infection by Aedes Mosquito Yellow Fever: Flaviras Black vor jaundice, high Fever “Hot T-Bone st€Ak™ ILs TL= | Temp: HOT 1L2 = stimulote T celle 1L3 = stimulate Bone Marrow stem cells growth & differentiation (GM CSF) IL4= stimulate IgE (6 196) 1L5 = stimulate IgA (eosinophils) Ils Secreted by Cb4s TL2, 1L4, 15, TPN gamma. Tls Secreted by Macrophages Te NFa cba Neutral hemataxe When itis w/ C30, participates in anaphylaxis C5 Convertase When both Alternat ve and Clessie pathways come tagether Alternative: Cab, Bb, C3b +C3a > C5 Classic: 26, 3b, C3a+ Cab 305 Only RichetTssianot Intracellular Quintana’ Plasmodium Life Cycle ‘Sporazeites from blood Yo Iner Primary tissue schizont Trophazeites: n REC Erythrocyti schizent Nerozoite: ruptured RBC Gametozyte Zygote: side the mosquito Acanthamoeba: ‘Star shaped cysts ‘Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia TNoneprate, filamentous, 90 degree brenchng, nian h, capsular halos Cryptococcus Neoformans anamorphic Candida. Yeast narmaly,pseude &true hyphae a Tssue wfections ‘Aspergillus Fumigafum 5 degree branching pont, osoetd w/ cysts Fhresis & bums pr Cocciodes Tiyphoe i wild Artroconidia, Arthacondida & Hyphae. Sherules w/ endospares Histoplasma Cap Hyphae in wild Nierocondida w/ tuberculate macrocondi, Fac wiracellular. Inthe Fesue it's a yeast w/ a small neck Blastomyeosis Hyphae in wild ‘Sporathrix Schenk Fypahe i wild Potas edd wmik: Preumonia w aleoholice PCP Obligate parasite. Kile type I preumo cell. Ground glaze Page ssGram () Bugs w/ Exot oxins E Cols V Cholera: Bordetella Pertussis Dermatophytex Trichophyton: SAN Mitesperiume SH Epidetmophyton: SN Tinea tvs: permanent hai loss Transmission Diagnose E stole Cysts “Trophezoites or eysts stool Garda Cysts “Trophezoites or cysts m stool Cryptosporidium Cysts ‘aid fast oooyst= Balantium ¢ Ost “Trophezoites or cysts steal “Trichomonas V. Trophozoiter ‘Nat le frephezoites Fever Fever Spike Vor Benign J degrees Th Enlarged Host Cell Ouele Benign 3 degrees Th Oval Tagged Talarioe degrees of Nalaral Tihreguler Crezeent Faleparam Talignant 3 degrees M 1 iscellaneous Fastest growing tumor - Burkitt's 2. PE's are found in half of all autopsies 3. Courvoisier’s Law: tumors that obstruct the comman bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders, but obstructing gallstones do not (tao much scarring), so if you can palpate the gallbladder you'e probably looking at cancer. 4. Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm: Pox 5. Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus: Influenza 6. Bacillus anthracis has the only protein copsule 7. Bordetella pertussis (Whooping Cough) elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis, 8. Bronchioalveolar carcinomas grow without destroying the normal architecture of the lung 9. Cryptococcus neoformans often lacks a capsule and, when stained with GMS, looks just like Pneumycistis carinii, except that Cryptococcus lacks the prominent nucleoli 10, Weil Felix reaction: (*)R, rickettssi & (+)Proteus vulgaris & P. mirabilis 11, Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) tests: 1)VDRL 2)FTA-Abs: most widely used 3)TPI (immobilization test - most expensive but the Gold Standard) Cytokine Source Function a 12, Monocytes, macrophages | Stimulates T cell proliferation & IL2 produciton m2 13, Macrophages, T &NK cells_| Stim prolif of 8, T &NK cell 13 14, Tells GF of Tissue mast cells & hematopoietic stem cells m4 15, T cells T growth of B & T cells/ t HLA II Ags Us 16. T cells ‘Maturation of B > plasma cell 16 17, T cells, monocytes ‘Maturation of B &T cel C) fibroblasts TFNa 16, B cells, macrophages Antiviral activin TFN 6 19. Fibroblasts Antiviral activity TFN gamma_[ 20. T 4NK cells Antiviral activity, () macrophages, | HLA IT Ags TNFa 21, Macrophages, TANK celis_| T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicin TNF 6 22. T cells T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicit Tumor Suppressor Genes Genes Chrom. __ Associated Tumors VAL 3p__[Von Hippel Lindau, Renal CeliCA APC, 5p __| Familial adenomatous polyposis, Colon CA wrt [itp _[Wilm’s tumor PagesRb. 13q_| Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma BRCA-2 [13q | Breast CA p53 17p_[ Most human Cas NEI _[17q_|Neurofibromatosis type 1 BRCAT_[17q_| Breast CA, Ovarian CA DGC | 18q_| Colon & Stomach CA DPC | 18q_| Pancreatic CA NE-2 | 22q_ [Neurofibromatosis type 2 = bilateral acoustic neuroma Physiology Equations Resistance in Series: Add all Resistance in Parallel: Invert the answer RENAL: Filtration Fraction = =e GFR: Glomerular Filtration Rate RPF: Renal Plasma Flow Filtered Load =GFR x [Conc] Excretion Rate = [Urine] x Veluine [Urine]xVel(Urine) Excretion Clearance = or Clearance of PAH = [ERPF] ERPF: Eff renal plasma flow [Plasmal] [Plasma] Renal Blood Flow = 2RPF Free Water Clearance = Veljine- me(osm)xVelturine) 1 Het Plosm) CARDIO: CO =HRx SV co = —_O2consumed) _ Pulse Pressure = Systolic - Diastolic Pulmonary —VO2difference MAP = Diastolic + 1/3 Pulse Pressure co : MAP IMAP = TPR x CO ap TPR LUNGS: P42 = (760 - 47) FO,- PACO? Where: CO2 produced FOz=[Oz] PxCOz=Alv. Press.OfCO, R= Resp. Exchange Ratig PEE = g gn O2consumed Page sson ed A Flow = CONE _— Vee Diffusion = ~~" = x Gas Diffusion Constant x Difference of Partial ‘AtoVO2 difference Thickness Press Ventre: = Ventna x #of Respirations Vent ay = (Venti - Verto) x # of Respirations Vol p. Tension 9. vq __iffusing Capacity = COuptake Compliance = Press Radius PACOZ Resp Doubles: 150mmHg &40mmHg New PCOz=20 New PO, = 170 Page 38