1

st
Feb,2006 M.Aseeb Rahat
EXPERIMENT # 2
OBJECT
Determination of Vitamin C
CHEMICALS
1. 0.1 N Iodine Solution
. Star!" Indi!ator
#$OCED%$E
Ta&e 'ml of (re(ared )am(le * add 'ml )tar!" indi!ator and titrate +it" 0.1N
iodine )olution . T"e fir)t a((earan!e of t"e dee( ,lue !olor +"i!" e-i)t) for atlea)t 1
minute.
OBSE$VATION
Volume of Iodine Solution
Initial $eadIn./ml0 1inal $eadin./ml0 Differen!e/ml0
1. 12.2 13.4 1.5
. 13.4 16.3 1.'
4. 16.3 1.4 1.'
CALC%LATIONS
7e &no+ t"at
400 m. Vitamin C 8 49 ml of 0.1 N Iodine Solution
49 ml of 0.1 N Iodine Solution 400 m. of Vitamin C
1 ml of 0.1 N Iodine Solution /400:490 m. of Vitamin C
1.' ml of 0.1 N Iodine Solution /400:490;1.' m. of Vitamin C
8 14.4 m. of Vitamin C
$ES%LT
T"e amount of Vitamin C (er ta,let i) found to ,e 14.4 m.
VITAMIN C INFORMATION
/ASCO$BIC ACID* CALCI%M ASCO$BATE0
Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin. Also known as Ascorbic acid (3-oxo-L-
gulofuranolactone), Anti-scorbutic Acid, exuronic Acid, Cevitannic Acid, L-
x!loascorbic Acid, Ascorb!l "almitate, Ascorb!l #icotinate. $solated from fruits,
%a%rika and adrenal glands in &'(( b! )r. Albert *+ent-,!orgi. $t can be %re%ared b!
s!nt-esis from glucose, or extracted from %lant sources suc- as rose -i%s,
blackcurrants or citrus fruits. $t is easil! oxidi+ed in air.
.an is one of t-e few mammals unable to manufacture Ascorbic Acid in -is liver.
Vitamin C C-emical *tructure, C/01/
Function
accumulates iron in bone marrow, s%leen and liver
antioxidant w-ic- -el%s defend cells from t-e effects of smoke, %ollution and
ot-er -ig-l! reactive substances called free radicals
controls blood c-olesterol levels
converts amino acids into substances needed for normal brain and nerve
functions
converts 2olic Acid into active form 2olinic Acid
essential for t-e formation of intercellular material, bone and teet-
essential for t-e absor%tion of iron
fig-ts bacterial and viral infections
-el%s in -ealing
-el%s %roduce anti-stress -ormones
maintains elasticit! of t-e skin
maintains -ealt-! blood ca%illaries
maintains -ealt-! re%roductive organs
ma! -el% %rotect against certain cancers, cataracts and -eart disease
necessar! in %roduction of red blood cells
%revents allergic reactions (anti-istamine activit!)
%revents -emorr-aging
vital for collagen formation w-ic- is t-e connective tissue %rotein in all cells
Food Sources
acerola c-err! 3uice
blackcurrants
broccoli, es%eciall! to%s
4russels s%routs
cauliflower
c-ilies
fres- fruits, es%eciall! citrus, suc- as gra%efruit, lemons, oranges5 and
berries, suc- as blackberries, gooseberries, strawberries5 kiwi fruit, l!c-ees
green leaf! vegetables, suc- as cabbage
guavas
-erbs, suc- as c-ives, kale, %arsle!, watercress, mustard to%s
-orseradis-
onions
radis-es
red cabbage
red and green %e%%ers
rose -i%s
tomatoes
Effective With
all vitamins and minerals
calcium
magnesium
Increased Intakes Needed
after %-!sical stress
after accidental and6or surgical in3uries to s%eed u% t-e -ealing %rocess
b! alco-ol drinkers
b! at-letes
b! diabetics
b! t-e elderl!
b! t-ose wit- an infectious disease
b! t-ose wit- gastric or duodenal ulcers
b! tobacco smokers
for formula fed babies
if taking As%irin
if taking contrace%tive %ill
if taking antibiotics, es%eciall! 7etrac!cline
if taking barbiturates
if taking corticosteroids
if undergoing dental surger!
Used For
allergic reactions (due to its anti-istamine 8ualities)
a %-otogra%-ic develo%ing agent in alkaline solution.
art-ritis
at-erosclerosis
bed sores
certain %s!c-iatric states
colds and influen+a
gastro-intestinal -emorr-ages
-angovers from alco-ol
infectious diseases, es%eciall! of t-e res%irator! tract
iron-deficient anemia
%reventing t-e occurrence and develo%ment of cancer
reducing -ig- blood c-olesterol levels
reducing leg cram%s during %regnanc!
skin -emorr-age due to fragile ca%illaries
s%ong! and bleeding gums
treating lead, mercur! and cadmium %oisoning
treating loose teet-
treatment of scurv!
Destroyed By
alkalis in t-e %resence of co%%er
-eat
-ig- tem%erature, suc- as in a %ressure cooker
-ot air dr!ing
leac-ing into cooking water
lig-t
ox!gen
%re-soaking vegetables
Symptoms of Deficiency
In Infants (usuall! s-ows between / and &0 mont-s)9
bone formation ceases
cries w-en -andled
irritable
loss of a%%etite
%ain on moving
tenderness of extremities
t-ickened rib endings
weig-t loss
and -emorr-ages of t-e9
gums
long bones
mucous membranes
skin
In Adults:
bleeding gums
gingivitis
irritabilit!
lassitude (no energ!)
loosening of teet-
muscle and 3oint %ains
weakness
weig-t loss
and -emorr-ages of t-e9
brain wit- bleeding from nose
digestive tract
e!es
skin (minute bleeding under t-e skin)
t-ig- muscle (larger -emorr-age)
urinar! tract
Deficiency eads !o:
*curv!
Symptoms of !o"icity
Vitamin C is generall! regarded as one of t-e safest vitamins, but occasionall! t-e
following s!m%toms of overdose can occur9
abdominal cram%ing
diarr-ea
nausea
$t s-ould be avoided in -ig- doses b! t-ose9
taking anti-coagulant drugs
wit- an in-erited metabolic disorder resulting in excess 1xalic Acid, C!stine or
:ric Acid in t-e blood and urine
wit- kidne! stones
REFERENCES
1.http://en.!"!pe#!$.%&'/!"!/V!t$(!n)C
2.http://eb1.*$&+$*$#e(+.%&'/*he(!st&+/&,sh!n/St,#entP&%-e*ts/C%(p%,n#.ebS!
tes/2001/As*%&b!*A*!#/,ses.ht(