DATA

Positive Limiter (Forward Bias at t where V

input
is 10V)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
a. Positive Limiter
The diode was converted to its simplified model. According to this model, a forward
bias silicon diode will only allow 0.7 V voltage drop across it.

Positive Limiter (Forward Bias at t where V
input
is 10V)

When a diode experiences reverse bias, it acts as an open circuit
Computation:
-10 (I
1
I
2
)(10k)=0
-10k (I
2
I
1
) I
2
(1k + 100k)=0
-10k I
1
+ 10kI
2
=10
V
out
Maximum Value V
out
Minimum Value
Experimental
(V)
Computed
(V)
Experimental
(V)
Computed
(V)
Positive Limiter 1.0 0.7 -8.6 -9.9
Negative Limiter 9.4 9.9 -0.6 -0.7
Combination Limiter 1.0 0.7 -0.6 -0.7
Biased Limiter (1V) 1.6 1.7 -0.6 -0.7
Biased Limiter (1.5) 2.3 2.2 -0.6 -0.7
Biased Limiter (2V) 2.6 2.7 -0.6 -0.7
Biased Limiter (2.5V) 3.4 3.2 -0.6 -0.7
Biased Limiter (3V) 4.0 3.7 -0.6 -0.7
10k I
1
111kI
2
=0
I
2
= -9.9 x 10
-5

A
V
out
= 100k (I
2
) = -9.9 V
b. Negative Limiter

Inverting the terminals of the diode but keeping everything else the same resulted to a
negative limiter. The measured values were inverted as well. The positive input voltage from
the source resulted to a reverse bias across the diode while when the voltage source
changed to negative input, a forward bias is experienced by the diode. Thus V
out Max
is
expected to be 9.9 V while V
out Min
is expected to be -0.7 V. Calculation is relatively the same
with the positive limiter.

c. Combination Limiter
Positive Maximum Input

Negative Minimum Input

The redrawn circuit indicates that when a positive input voltage is delivered by the
source, the left diode experiences reverse bias while the diode on the right experiences
forward bias resulting to V
out
=0.7 V. When the input changed to negative, the left diode
closed while the right diode opened. The V
out
is equal to -0.7V as indicated in the redrawn
simplified model. V
DL
is equal to 0.7 V while V
DR
is equal to -0.7 as they are connected in
parallel to the other diode.
d. Biased Limiter

This circuit is quite the same with the Combination Limiter only that this circuit contains a DC
source. When the source is delivering positive input voltage, in addition to voltage drop across
the left diode, a V
DC
is added resulting to higher V
out.
(V
out
= 0.7 + V
DC
)

When the source is delivering negative input, we can see from the simplified model above that
V
out
=-0.7 and by nodal analysis, V
DL
= -0.7-V
DC
.

Graph
Legend:
Source Voltage
V
out

a. Positive Limiter

When the diode is in forward bias, the diode clips or maintains the voltage across it. When it is
in reverse bias, an open circuit is observed. With the orientation of the diode, it clips the positive
voltage input.





b. Negative Limiter

When the diode is in forward bias, the diode clips or maintains the voltage across it. When it is
in reverse bias, an open circuit is observed. With the orientation of the diode, it clips the
negative voltage input.
c. Combination Limiter

Now that there are two diodes connected in parallel with opposing terminals connected,
while the other is in forward bias, the other is in reverse bias, thus, V
out
is clipped in both
positive and negative input voltage.
d. Biased Limiter (1.0 V)

The biased diode limiter increases the limit of V
out
from the initial limit (caused by the
diode) by V
DC
(in this case 1.0 V)

e. Biased Limiter (1.5 V)

The biased diode limiter increases the limit of V
out
from the initial limit (caused by the
diode) by V
DC
(in this case 1.5 V)

f. Biased Limiter (2.0 V)

The biased diode limiter increases the limit of V
out
from the initial limit (caused by the
diode) by V
DC
(in this case 2.0 V)

g. Biased Limiter (2.5 V)

The biased diode limiter increases the limit of V
out
from the initial limit (caused by the
diode) by V
DC
(in this case 2.5 V)



h. Biased Limiter (3.0 V)

The biased diode limiter increases the limit of V
out
from the initial limit (caused by the
diode) by V
DC
(in this case 3.0 V)