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RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Thesis Report
Course No.: 4800
Course Title: Project & Thesis
Thesis Title
Redesign of Hospital Bed Based on Anthropometric Data in Bangladesh: A Case Study

Submitted by
Md. Nuruzzaman
Roll No.: 075006
Md. Asadujjaman
Roll No.: 075015
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL & PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
RUET, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh







Heavens Light is our guide
RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY










DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL & PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

A THESIS REPORT
ON

Redesign of Hospital Bed Based on Anthropometric Data in Bangladesh: A Case Study




Supervised by, Submitted by,
Md. Ariful Islam Md. Nuruzzaman
Assistant Professor, Roll No.: 075006
Department of Industrial & Production Engineering Md. Asadujjaman
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Roll No.: 075015





















DECLARATION

This thesis work is submitted to the Department of Industrial & Production Engineering,
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi-6204 in the partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Industrial & Production
Engineering.

We, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this under graduate thesis is
our own original work and that we have not previously in its entirely or in part submitted it
at any university for a degree.







Signatures


..
Date


....
(Md. Nuruzzaman)



(Md. Asadujjaman)

























Heavens Light is our guide
RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL & PRODUCTION ENGINEERING


CERTIFICATE

This is certify that work entitled Redesign of Hospital Bed Based on Anthropometric
Data in Bangladesh: A Case Study is carried out by the following students under my
supervision in the department of Industrial & Production Engineering of Rajshahi University
of Engineering & Technology (RUET) .
I wish them every success in life.




Supervisor,

Signature of the Students,



(Md. Ariful Islam)
Assistant Professor,
Department of Industrial & Production Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology
(RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh.



Md. Nuruzzaman
Roll No.: 075006



Md. Asadujjaman
Roll No.: 075015





Countersigned,


..
(Dr. Md. Mosharraf Hossain)
Head,
Department of Industrial & Production Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology
(RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh






Acknowledgement
Praise is to the Almighty Allah the Creator of the Universe who gave us the existence. This
study would not become possible without the contributions from many people and
organizations. In this segment, we would like to acknowledge each and every person who has
contributed their effort in study by whatever means directly or indirectly. Specially, we
would like to acknowledge our supervisor, Md. Ariful Islam, Assistant Professor, Department
of Industrial and Production Engineering, RUET, for pushing us to higher achievements than
we thought possible and for his kind assistance without which it could not be possible to
complete this work. We are really grateful to him. We would like to thank Dr. Md. Mosharraf
Hossain, Head, dept. of IPE, RUET and Ripon kumar Chakrabortty, Lecturer, dept. of IPE,
RUET as they enlightens us about thesis and so many things that really helped us.

We would also like to thank patients and doctors of Rajshahi Medical Collage & Hospital
(RMC), Rajshahi, who help us in collecting data specially Md. Altaf Hossain, intern doctor of
RMC and Masnoon Ahmed Noor, student of RMC. Also we are graceful to the students of
RUET as they helps to collect their anthropometric data.

Last but most importantly, we want to thank our family members and friends from whom we
have received a great deal of support in our life, specially our beloved parents; they gave the
foundation of our lives. For the rest of the persons who we didnt mention here, who have
participated in various ways to ensure our research succeeded, thank you to all of you. Your
kind and generous help will always be in our mind.

September, 2012 Authors







I
Md. Nuruzzaman
Roll No.: 075006
Md. Asadujjaman
Roll No.: 075015

Abstract
Hospital beds and other similar types of beds are used not only in hospitals, but in other
health care facilities, such as nursing homes, assisted living facilities, outpatient clinics, and
in home health care. Hospital beds are normally known as beds to both patients and doctors
in Bangladesh. When more patients come in hospital due to limitation of beds extra patiebts
are live in the floor which is also considered as bed. Here the dimensions of bed are not
appropriate and no bed has stand to wear net for protecting the patients from mosquito. The
design of hospital bed should not be dependent on the esthetic views consideration but also
should be dependent on the different dimensions of users body structure and postures. There
has more variations in the design of hospital beds and no one is designed with considering
ergonomics and anthropometric data of Bangladesh. Ergonomics is the study of the
interaction between people and machines and the factors that affect the interaction. One of
the basic parts of Ergonomics is Anthropometry. Anthropometry involves the systematic
measurement of the physical properties of the human body, primarily dimensional descriptors
of body size and shape which can be used to identify the physical dimensions of hospital bed.
Anthropometric data are used in ergonomics to specify the physical dimensions of
workspaces, equipment, furniture and clothing to fit the task to the man. Anthropometric
data varies from one area to another, also with time. There is less number of Human Factor
Engineers in Bangladesh. So Industries cannot imagine that ergonomics can change
productivity and satisfaction level dramatically.
The objectives of our study are to show the relationship of physical demand (back pain,
fatigue, blood circulation problem, comfort and sleep) with anthropometric factors for normal
hospital bed (stature, elbow span, political height, vertical grip reach) in Bangladesh. Also, to
build an anthropometric database for Bangladeshi patient to redesign hospital bed based on
anthropometric data.
A total of 103 male students of Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET)
participated in this study. Four anthropometric dimensions which are related to normal
hospital bed have measured using meter scale.
The result shows that back pain, fatigue, blood circulation problem, comfort and sleep are
related to the anthropometric factors of hospital bed. AHP analysis shows that patient bed
length is most responsible for patient physical demand which is related to anthropometric
factor stature. After that, elbow span, political height and vertical grip reach are responsible
respectively. Regression analysis shows three equations where elbow span, political height
and vertical grip reach are dependent variable and stature is independent variable in each
case. If anyone only put his stature height on those equations he will have proper dimensions
of bed like bed length, bed wide, bed height and bed stand height. There has a limitation in
our study that is we only used the anthropometric data of male students. Anthropometric data
of both male and female may provide more appropriate result in study. Also, we have used
103 numbers of samples. A large number of samples will provide more accurate result.
II

To design hospital bed according to anthropometric data of this regional people this study
will provide a better solution for Bangladeshi people. This will increase patient safety and
comfort for Bangladeshi people. It will help the furniture industries in Bangladesh and will
provide a clear conception about physical dimensions of Bangladeshi male people. In future
this database will help to understand the mismatches, variations and change in dimensions of
Bangladeshi peoples over time. This database can also be used in designing various products
and workplaces in Bangladesh.





















III

CONTENTS



IV


Acknowledgement I
Abstract II
List of Figures VI
List of Tables VII
Chapter 1 01-10
Introduction
1.1 Justification 1
1.1.1 Hospital Bed in Bangladesh 1
1.1.2 Ergonomics 2
1.1.3 Anthropometry 2
1.1.4 Hospital Bed Parameters Related to Antropometric Measurements 3
1.1.4.1 Bed Length 3
1.1.4.2 Bed Width 4
1.1.4.3 Bed Height 4
1.1.4.4 Bed Stand Height 5
1.2 Methods Used For Mathematical Calculation 5
1.2.1 Chi-square distribution 5
1.2.1.1 Definition 5
1.2.1.2 Statistic of chi square distribution 6
1.2.1.3 Characteristics curves 6
1.2.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 7
1.2.3 Regression analysis 8
1.2.4 One sided confidence bonds 9
Chapter 2 ..... 11-16
Literature Review
2.1 Objectives 15
2.2 Methodology 15
Chapter 3 ..... 17- 22
Case Study & Data Collection
3.1 Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET) 19
3.1.1 Student Health Service in RUET 20
3.2 Questionnaires 20
3.3 Data collection 22
Chapter 4 ..... 23-24
Result Analysis & Discussion
5.1 Result obtained by using Independent Test 23
5.2 Result obtained by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 23
5.3 Result obtained by using Regression Analysis 24



















V
Chapter 5 ... 25-34
Calculations
5.1 Independent Test 25
5.2 Study of approach under analytic hierarchy process 28
5.3 One sided confidence bonds 32
5.4 Regression Analysis 32
5.4.1 x = Stature and Y= Elbow span 33
5.4.2. x = Stature and Y= Popliteal height 33
5.4.3 x = Stature and Y= Vertical grip reach (standing) 34
Chapter 6 .. 35
Recommendations and Future Work 35
Chapter 7 ...... 36
Conclusion 36
Chapter 8 .. 37-39
References 37
Appendix 40


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure no: Page no:
Figure 1.1: Vertical grip reach and stature 03
Figure 1.2: Elbow span 04
Figure 1.3: Popliteal height 04
Figure 1.4: Probability density function (pdf) of chi square distribution 06
Figure 1.5:Cumulative distribution (cdf) function of chi square
distribution
06
Figure 1.6: The regression line 09
Figure 3.1: Rajshahi Medical College & Hospital 18
Figure 5.1: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) 28





















VI
LIST OF TABLES

Tables no: Page no:
Table 1.1: characteristics of chi square distribution 07
Table 1.2: Level of preference weight 08
Table 4.1: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 23
Table 4.2: Mean and Standard deviation of anthropometric data 24
Table 4.3: Summary of the correlation analysis while taking independent
variable x = stature
24
Table 5.1: Collected data from doctors and patients 25
Table 5.2: Expected and observed value 27
Table 5.3: Level of preference weight 28
Table 5.4: Evaluation at level 1 29
Table 5.5: Average Random Index (RI) based on matrix size (adapted by
Saaty)
29
Table 5.6: Evaluation for attribute for back pain 29
Table 5.7: Evaluation for attribute For Fatigue 30
Table 5.8: Evaluation for attribute for blood circulation problem 31
Table 5.9: Evaluation for attribute for sleep 31
Table 5.10: AHP for final evaluation 32













VII