TI MBER I N BUI LDI NGS I NTERNAL FI T-OUT TI MBER I N BUI LDI NGS I NTERNAL FI T-OUT TI MBER I N BUI LDI

DI NGS I NTERNAL FI T-OUT TI MBER I N BUI LDI NGS I NTERNAL FI T-OUT

SCOPE
This publication summarises the Building Code of Australia (BCA 96) deemed-to-satisfy
provisions with respect to timber for the various building elements within each building
classification. It also lists the various timber species available for these applications
along with their hazard indices (Ignitability, Heat Evolved, Smoke Developed, Spread of
Flame etc).
The materials and applications in this publication are for timber fit-out components such
as:-
timber panelling/lining materials
timber finishing elements (e.g.skirtings)
timber framed windows and doors
FIRE HAZARD PROPERTIES
The BCA contains various criteria relating to the performance of materials when exposed
to fire. The deemed-to-satisfy provisions require certain materials or assemblies to be
non-combustible or have nominated fire hazard properties.
(a) Non-Combustibility
Where the deemed-to-satisfy provisions require a material, construction or part of
a building to be non-combustible, when tested in accordance with AS 1530.1
Combustibility Tests for Materials, the use of timber or timber products is not
permitted as a deemed-to-satisfy solution.
Non-combustibility requirements in the deemed-to-satisfy provisions does not,
however prevent or influence the processing of an alternative solution under the
performance requirements.
(b) BCA Requirements
Table A lists the BCA requirements for Flammability Index, Spread-of-Flame
Index and Smoke Developed Index for the various locations within the different
building classifications.
Note: Materials are required to be tested in accordance with AS/NZS 1530.3
Simultaneous determination of ignitability flame propagation, heat
release and smoke release.
(c) Exempted building parts and materials
The requirements in the BCA for a Spread-of-Flame Index, Smoke-Developed
Index or Flammability Index do not apply to
timber-framed windows; or
solid timber handrails or skirtings; or
timber-faced solid-core or fire doors; or
joinery units, cupboards, shelving and the like; or
any other material that does not significantly increase the hazards of fire.
(d) Data on Natural (Solid) Timber
Table B lists test results on samples of a number of natural timber species
according to AS 1530.3.
(e) Data on Manufactured Products
Factory produced wood based products such as hardboard, medium density
fibreboard (MDF), particleboard and plywood can also be assessed by AS
1530.3. However, since such products may vary widely in formulation from time
to time and between manufacturers (raw materials plus additives) the
confirmation of specific indices, should be authenticated by the manufacturer of
the particular named or branded products and/or a registered testing authority
Certificate of Accreditation.
Some data is available for plywood as a result of tests carried out in 1978-1979.
This data is given in Table C. For other factory made sheet materials indicative
data is provided in Table D. This information is but a guide and verifiable data
when required should be obtained for particular products from the manufacturer.
(f) Fire Retardants
Timber based products which have been pressure impregnated with fire-
retardant chemicals may be used provided they satisfy the fire hazard properties
required by the BCA and AS/NZS 1530.3.
Paints and fire-retardant coatings cannot be used in order to make the substrate
comply with the BCA requirements.
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TABLE B Fire Hazard Properties of Selected Timbers
Common
Name
Botanical
Name
Ignitability
Index
Spread of
Flame
Index
Heat
Evolved
Index
Smoke
Developed
Index
Report
Reference
Alpine Ash
Eucalyptus
delegatensis
14 8 7 3 E.4161
Australian
Red Cedar
Toona australis 14 9 8 3 E.4230
Blackbean
Castanosper-
mum australe
13 8 7 3 E.4232
Blackbutt
Eucalyptus
pilularis
13 6 5 3 E.4233
Blackwood
Acacia
melanoxylon
13 9 8 3 E.4226
Brush Box
Lophosteman
confertus
14 3 4 2 *
California
Redwood
Sequoia
sempervirens
14 9 9 4 E.4253
Canada Pine
Tsuga
heterophylla
14 9 9 3 E.4223
Cypress
Pine
Callitris
columellaris
13 8 7 3 E.4228
Douglas Fir
(Oregon)
Pseudotsuga
menziesii
14 9 9 3 E.4221
Hem-fir
Tsuga
heterophylla
14 9 9 3 E.4223
Hoop Pine
Araucaria
cunninghamii
14 7 6 2 *
J arrah
Eucalyptus
marginata
13 3 4 2 *
Kapur
Dryobalanops
spp.
13 7 6 3 E.4255
Klinki Pine
Araucaria
hunsteinii
15 9 8 3 E.4231
Lauan
Shorea spp.
parashorea spp.
14 9 10 4 E.4227
Meranti Shorea spp. 14 9 10 4 E. 4227
Messmate
Eucalyptus
obliqua
13 5 5 3 *
Mountain
Ash
Eucalyptus
regnans
14 8 7 3 E.4161
Oregon
Pseudotsuga
menziesii
14 9 9 3 E.4221
Pacific
Maple
Shorea spp. 14 9 10 4 E.4227
Philippine
Mahogany
Shorea spp.
parashorea spp.
14 9 10 4 E.4227
Queensland
Walnut
Endiandra
palmerstonii
13 7 7 3 E.4224
Radiata Pine Pinus radiata 15 7 6 3 E.4220
Ramin Gonystylus spp. 14 7 7 3 E.4256
Red Cedar
(Australian)
Toona australis 14 9 8 3 E.4230
TABLE B Fire Hazard Properties of Selected Timbers (contd)
Common
Name
Botanical
Name
Ignitability
Index
Spread of
Flame
Index
Heat
Evol ved
Index
Smoke
Developed
Report
Reference
Red Cedar
(Western)
Thuga plicata 14 10 9 4 E.4219
Redwood
Sequoia
sempervirens
14 9 9 4 E.4253
Seraya Shorea spp. 14 9 10 4 E.4227
Spotted
Gum
Corymbia
citriodora
13 3 4 3 E.4254
Tallowwood
Eucalyptus
microcorys
12 5 5 4 E.4229
Tasmanian
Oak
E. regnans
E. obliqua
E. delegatensis
14 8 7 3 E4161
Teak Tectona grandis 13 9 10 5 E.4225
Tulip Oak
Argyrodendron
trifoliolatum
13 6 5 2 E.4234
Victorian
Ash
E. regnans
E. delegatensis
14 8 7 3 E.4161
Western
Hemlock
Tsuga
heterophylla
14 9 9 3 E.4223
Western Red
Cedar
Thuja plicata 14 10 9 4 E.4219
Yellow
Walnut
Beilschmiedia
bancroftii
14 7 6 1 *
Notes:
1. Data on solid timber samples was obtained from published documents or from originals of
the Certificates-of-Tests which were issued by the then Commonwealth Experimental
Building Station (EBS). The relevant tests were carried out in 1978-1979 according to AS
1530.3 (1976).
2. Identifying number listed is for tests done by CEBS in 1978-79. Species with an asterisk
are results reported in CSIRO Division of Building Research Technical Paper No. 6
(1974) by Beesley J ., Keogh J . J ., Moulen A. W.
3. Timber products may be available as special branded and accredited flame-retardant
treated products which have been impregnated in pressure vessels with special
chemicals which inhibit the spread of flame, often reducing the spread of flame index to
zero (0).
TABLE C Fire Hazard Properties of Plywood with Selected Face Veneers
Common
Name of
Face
Veneer
Botanical
Name
Ignitability
Index
Spread
of Flame
Index
Heat
Evol ved
Index
Smoke
Developed
Report
Reference
Australian
Red Cedar
Toona australis 13 8 8 3 E.4248
Australian
Red Cedar
(grooved)
Toona australis 13 8 7 2 E.4250
Blackbean Castanosper-
mum australe
13 9 10 3 E.4238
Coachwood Ceratopetalum
apetalum
15 8 8 2 E.4235
Hickory Ash Flindersia
itflaiana
13 8 8 3 E.4249
Hickory Ash
(grooved)
Flindersia
itflaiana
14 8 9 3 E.4251
Klinki Pine Araucaria
hunsteinii
15 8 10 4 E.4245
Lauan Parashorea spp. 14 8 10 3 E.4244
Meranti Shorea spp. 14 8 10 2 E.4240
Pacific
Maple
Shorea spp. 14 8 10 2 E.4240
Queensland
Maple
Flindersia
brayleyana
13 8 8 2 E.4239
Queensland
Walnut
Endiandra
palmerstonii
14 8 10 3 E.4241
Radiata Pine Pinus radiata 14 8 9 2 E.4237
Sapele Entandro-
phragma
cylindricum
13 8 8 2 E.4243
Silver Ash Flindersia
bourjotiana
13 8 9 3 E.4242
Tasmanian
Oak
E. obliqua
E. delegatensis
E. regnans
14 8 8 2 E.4236
Teak Tectona grandis 14 8 10 3 E.4247
Victorian
Ash
E. regnans
E. delegatensis
14 8 8 2 E.4236
Notes:
1. This data on plywood was obtained from originals of the Certificates-of-Test which were
issued by the then Commonwealth Experimental Building Station (EBS). The relevant
tests were carried out in 1978-1979 according to AS 1530.3 91 (1976).
2. Timber products may be available as special branded and accredited flame-retardant
treated products which have been impregnated in pressure vessels with special
chemicals which inhibit the spread of flame, often reducing the spread of flame index to
zero (0).
TABLE D Indicative Fire Hazard Indices of Manufactured Products
Ignitability
Index
Spread of
Flame
Index
Heat
Evol ved
Index
Smoke
Developed
Index
hardboard (standard) 14 7 7 3
medium density fibre-board 14 8 7 3
particleboard (standard) 14 7 6 3
flooring grade particleboard 14-15 7 6 2-3
Notes:
1. For specific branded products, verifiable data must be obtained from the particular
manufacturer and/or a Registered Testing Authority.
2. Timber products may be available as special branded and accredited flame-retardant
treated products which have been impregnated in pressure vessels with special
chemicals which inhibit the spread of flame, often reducing the spread of flame index to
zero (0).