Electricity sector in Pakistan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Electricity in Pakistan is generated, transmitted, distributed, and retail supplied by two vertically
integrated public sector utilities: Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) for all of
Pakistan (except Karachi), and the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC) for the city of
Karachi and its surrounding areas. There are around 20 independent power producers that
contribute significantly in electricity generation in Pakistan.
[1]

For years, the matter of balancing Pakistan's supply against the demand for electricity has remained
a largely unresolved matter. Pakistan faces a significant challenge in revamping its network
responsible for the supply of electricity. Pakistan's electricity producers are now seeking a parity in
returns for both domestic and foreign investors which indicates it to be one of the key unresolved
issues in overseeing a surge in electricity generation when the country faces growing shortages.
As of 2013 massive long-standing electricity shortages continued with long-standing failure to
provide reliable service and rampant corruption being met by public protests, unauthorized
connections, and refusal by consumers to pay for intermittent service.
[2][3][4]
Electricity generation in
Pakistan has shrunk by up to 50% in recent years due to an over-reliance on fossil fuels.
[5]
In 2008,
availability of power in Pakistan falls short of the population's needs by 15%
[6]
Pakistan was hit by its
worst power crisis in 2007 when production fell by 6000 Megawatts and massive blackouts followed
suit.
[6]
Load Shedding and power blackouts have become severe in Pakistan in recent years.
[7]
The
main problem with Pakistan's poor power generation is rising political instability, together with rising
demands for power and lack of efficiency.
[8]
Provincial and federal agencies, who are the largest
consumers, often do not pay their bills.
[9]
China, India, Central Asia, and Iran have been offering to
export electricity to Pakistan at subsidized rates but the government of Pakistan has not yet
responded to the offers for unknown reasons.
[10][11]

Contents
[hide]
1 Installed capacity
2 Electricity production
3 Electricity consumption
4 Effects of natural and man-made disasters
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
Installed capacity[edit]
Electricity total installed capacity: 22,797 MW (2014)
[12]

Electricity Sources (2014)
fossil fuel 14,635 MW 64.2% of total(oil-35.2% + gas-29%)
hydro 6,611 MW 29% of total
nuclear 1,322 MW 5.8% of total
average demand-17,000 MW
shortfall-between 4,000 MW and 5,000 MW
There are four major power producers in country: WAPDA (Water & Power Development Authority),
KESC (Karachi Electric Supply Company), IPPs (Independent Power Producers) and PAEC
(Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission).
The break-up of the installed capacity of each of these power producers (as of Jan-2012) is as
follows:
[citation needed]

WAPDA Hydel
Tarbela 3478 MW
Mangla 1000 MW
Ghazi Barotha 1450 MW
Warsak 243 MW
Chashma 184 MW
Dargai 20 MW
Rasul 22 MW
Shadi-Waal 18 MW
Nandi pur 14 MW
Kurram Garhi 4 MW
Renala 1 MW
Chitral 1 MW
Jagran (AK) 30 MW
Khankhwar 72 MW
AllaiKhwar 121 MW
Gomal Zam Dam 17 MW
Jabban 22 MW
Duber Khwar Dam 130 MW
Total Hydel 6,823 MW
WAPDA Thermal
Gas Turbine Power Station, Shahdra 59 MW
Steam Power Station, Faisalabad 132 MW
Gas Turbine Power Station, Faisalabad 244 MW
Gas Power Station, Multan 195 MW
Thermal Power Station, Muzaffargarh 1350 MW
Thermal Power Station, Guddu 1655 MW
Gas Turbine Power Station, Kotri 174 MW
Thermal Power Station, Jamshoro 850 MW
Thermal Power Station, Larkana 150 MW
Thermal Power Station, Quetta 35 MW
Gas Turbine Power Station, Panjgur 39 MW
Thermal Power Station, Pasni 17 MW
Total Thermal 4811 MW
WAPDAs total hydel and thermal capacity is 11,272 MW. Hydel electricity generated by WAPDA
varies between two extremities, i.e., between minimum of 2,414 MW and maximum of 6,761 MW
depending upon the river flow.
Karachi Electric Supply Company
Thermal Power Station, Korangi 316 MW
Gas Turbine Power Station, Korangi 80 MW
Gas Turbine Power Station, SITE 100 MW
Thermal Power Station, Bin Qasim 1260 MW
KESC total generation capacity is 1756 MW.
Independent Power Producers (IPPs)
Hub Power Project 1292 MW
AES Lalpir Ltd, Mahmood Kot Muzaffargar 362 MW
AES Pak Gen, Mahmood Kot Muzaffargar 365 MW
Altern Energy Ltd, Attock 29 MW
Fauji Kabirwala Power Company, Khanewal 157 MW
Gul Ahmad Energy Ltd, Korangi 136 MW
Habibullah Coastal Power Limited 140 MW
Japan Power Generation, Lahore 120 MW
Kohenoor Energy Limited, Lahore 131 MW
Liberty Power Limited, Ghotki 232 MW
Rousch Power, Khanewal 412 MW
Saba Power Company, Sheikhupura 114 MW
Southern Electric Power Company Limited, Raiwind 110 MW
Tapal Energy Limited, Karachi 126 MW
Uch Power Limited, Dera Murad Jamali, Nasirabad 586 MW
Attock Gen Limited, Morgah Rawalpindi 165 MW
Atlas Power, Sheikhupura 225 MW
Engro Energy Limited, Karachi MW
Kot Addu Power Company Limited (Privatized) 1638 MW
Saif Power Plant Qadirabad, Sahiwal 225 MW
Sitara Energy 80 MW
Nishat Chunian Power 200 MW
Nishat Power Limited 200 MW
Total generation capacity of IPPs is 7070 MW.
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
KANUPP 137 MW
CHASNUPP-1 325 MW
CHASNUPP-2 340 MW
KHUSHAB 50 MW
Total electricity generated from PAEC is 852 MW.
The total power generation capacity of Pakistan is 21,143 MW and the electricity demand (as of April
2010) is 14,500 MW and PEPCO is merely generating 10,000 MW.
Electricity production[edit]
Electricity production: 88.42 TWh (2005)
Electricity production by source (2003)
fossil fuel: 65% of total
hydro: 31% of total
nuclear: 4% of total
Electricity consumption[edit]
Electricity consumption: 74.62 TWh (2004)
Electricity exports: 0%
Electricity imports: 0%
Electricity Consumption per Capita = 430.183 kWh/capita (2006)
[13]

Effects of natural and man-made disasters[edit]
During 2010 Pakistan floods and 2005 Kashmir earthquake power stations, power distribution and
transmission and other energy infrastructures were damaged. During the floods and rainfalls the
recently constructed Jinnah hydroelectric power plant was flooded in addition to severe damages to
transmission and distribution network and installations while several power plants and refineries
were threatened by rising waters and had to be shut down. Natural gas field output had to be
reduced as the flood waters approached the wells. There has also been some concern by Pakistani
nuclear activists over the effect of natural disasters on nuclear plants specially over the Chashma
Nuclear Power Complex, since the plant lies over a geological fault.
[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]
Due
to over reliance of Pakistan on dams for electricity generation,
[28]
some environmental impacts of
dams such as submergence of usable/ecological land and their negative impact on
Pakistan's mangrove forests due to loss of river silt load, as well as increased risk of severe floods
have become evident.
[29][30][31][32]
















Water and Power Development Authority
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Water and Power Development Authority
WAPDA

WAPDA logp

WAPDA Headquarters, Lahore, Pakistan
Agency overview
Formed 12 February 1958

(etc.)
Type Power and Hydrology
Jurisdiction Federal Government of Pakistan
Headquarters Lahore, Pakistan
Parent agency Ministry of Water and Power
Website WAPDA Homepage
The Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) is a government-owned public
utility maintaining power and water inPakistan, although it does not manage thermal power. WAPDA
includes Tarbela and Mangla dams among its resources. Its headquarters are in Lahore.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 WAPDA Water vision 2025
3 External links
4 See also
5 References
History[edit]
WAPDA was established in February 1959 to unify the maintenance of infrastructure previously
overseen by provincial agencies. Its Chairmen included outstanding civil servants like Ghulam Ishaq
Khan, Ghulam Faruque Khan and Aftab Ghulam Nabi Kazi who were subsequently President of
Pakistan, Minister for Commerce and Economic Adviser, respectively. In October 2007, thermal
power management was split into the newly formed Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO).
WAPDA Water vision 2025[edit]
Main article: WAPDA Water vision 2025
WAPDA has formulated a comprehensive $2533 billion National Water Resource and Hydropower
Development Programme, entitled Water Vision 2025. The Water Vision 2025 projects are expected
to generate 16,000 MW of hydroelectricity. Other goals are to prevent water shortages, limit drought
and increase water storage for a growing population. Five massive hydropower projects have been
announced by the President of Pakistan; these are to be completed by 2016, with a generation
capacity of 9,500 MW. Two of the projects are ready for construction, while three are in the stages of
feasibility studies and preparation of tender documents.
[1]

Water Vision 2025 consists of three phases. Phase I was expected to start in 1993 but was delayed.
The priority of water sector projects under Phase I of Water Vision 2025 are Gomal
Dam (NWFP), Mirani Dam and Mithan Kot Barrage at Kachhi Canal(Balochistan) raising of Mangla
Dam (Azad Kashmir), Greater Thal Canal phase I (Punjab) and Thar/Rainee Canals phase I (Sindh).
The total cost of these Phase I projects will be $2.467 billion with a construction period of five years.
Under Phase II, Hingol Dam,Balochistan Dam and Satpara Dam (Northern Areas), Chashma Right
Bank Canal and Khurram Tangi Dam (NWFP), phase II of the Greater Thal Canal Akhori
Dam and Sanjwal Dam (Punjab), phase II of Thar/Rainee Canals, Gajnai and Sehwan Barrage
(Sindh) will be completed in 36 years, except Basha Dam, which will take 810 years for its
completion. The total cost of Phase II projects will be $8.94 billion. These 11 projects will have a
storage capacity of 12,790,000 acre feet (15.78 km
3
), would generate over 3362 mW of power, and
would irrigate 14000 square kilometres of land. Under Phase III, Yugo Dam, Skardu Dam, Dhok
Dam, Rohtas Dam, Naulang Dam and Khadji Dam will be completed.
[2]

External links[edit]
Water and Power Development Authority
See also[edit]
List of electric supply companies in Pakistan
Electricity sector in Pakistan
Economy of Pakistan
Alternative Energy Development Board
National Electric Power Regulatory Authority
Karachi Electric Supply Company
References[edit]
1. Jump up^ Wapda Vision 2025
2. Jump up^ Water Vision 2025