DEVELOPING SAFETY MEASURES

AND CHECKLISTS FOR DRIVEN PILE

CONSTRUCTION
Presented by
Piyanat Wongprates and Vachara Peansupap
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

ConCERN 2014 and 7th ASEAN Civil Engineering Conference (ACEC),

ITB Campus, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia,
4-5 November 2014

OUTLINE
1

Introduction
2
3
4

Problem Statement
Methodology!
Research Findings
Conclusion and Recommendation

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS IN CONSTRUCTION

Inappropriate
use of safety
system

The lack of
training

The lack of
safety
knowledge
Negative
attitude towards
safety system

Failure of
safety control

Accidents

The lack of
safety
protection

THE CATEGORY OF FACTORS RELATED TO

CONSTRUCTION ACCIDENTS

The process
factors

The policy
factors

The
personal
factors

Accidents

The
motivation
factors

IMPACT OF ACCIDENT

Accidental
loss
Direct
Loss
Medical
Cost

Compensation
Cost

Indirect
Loss
Reparation
Cost

Losses for
workers

Losses for
employer

Losses for
country
budget

SAFTY MANAGEMENT AND PROJECT

MANAGEMENT
Need to improve safety
effectiveness in the
workplace.

Safety management
as a part of project
management.

Safety effectiveness is a
measure of the success for
construction project
management.

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY CHECKLIST

The checklist is used as a
tool to remind supervisor
about the important
issues related to hazard,
accident.
Supervisor usually uses their
experiences in observation of
unsafe conditions and potential
hazards.

PROBLEM STATEMENTS!
q Checklists did not reflect issues that may
cause the accidents in each process.
Process VS Checklist!

10

PROBLEM STATEMENTS!
q Previous checklist items may not complete
because they were developed from individual
experience.
q There is no recommend of safety measures
that suggest the correction of unsafe
conditions
Safety measure VS Checklist!

!
11

38.71
24.194
19.355
11.29

Area adjustment
work

1.613

Architecture work

Roof Work

Reinforce Concrete
work

Utilities work

3.226

1.613

Piling & Foundation

work

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Preparation work

Percentage of
accidents

Percentage of accidents in small Thai

construction projects

Percentage of accidents from a random collection of

small construction sites in the year 2013. (Office of
Thailand Labor Security, 2013)

12

Pile driving accident

Pile driving
accident

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE!
qDevelop the safety checklists and safety
measures in each pile driving process.

15

16

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
There are 3 main steps of research!

Analysis of
accidents and
safety measures
in each pile
driving process

Verification of
safety measures
for minimizing
accidents

Development of
safety checklist

17

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Analysis of accidents and
safety measures in each pile
driving process

Verification of safety
measures for minimizing
accidents

Development of safety
checklist

Determine pile driving process

Verification of safety measures

for minimizing accidents.

Safety measure that require to

develop safety checklist.

Explore the accidents in each

process

Detail of safety checklist and

its frequency.

Recommend safety measure

18

19

1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY

MEASURES IN EACH PILE DRIVING
1. Determine pile driving process
q Most driven pile construction presents the similar
processes, machinery, operation method and
workflows.
q The types of construction project have different
size of pile.

Determine pile
driving process

Exploration of the
accidents

Recommend safety
measure
20

1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY

MEASURES IN EACH PILE DRIVING
1.1 Determine pile driving processes
No.

Pile driving processes

Survey and Move pile to construction site

Move and Install machine/device

Drive pile

Move the Driving tower to new targeted points

Remove the device

Other processes
Determine pile
driving process

Exploration of the
accidents

Recommend safety
measure
21

1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY

MEASURES IN EACH PILE DRIVING
1.1 Determine pile driving processes

Survey and Move pile to

construction site

Move and Install machine/

device

Drive pile

Determine pile
driving process

Exploration of the
accidents

Recommend safety
measure
22

1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY

MEASURES IN EACH PILE DRIVING
1.1 Determine pile driving process

Move the driving tower to

new targeted points

Remove the device

Other processes

Determine pile
driving process

Exploration of the
accidents

Recommend safety
measure
23

1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY

MEASURES IN EACH PILE DRIVING
1.2 Exploration of the accidents
q 75 accidents which were listed from all processes of
pile driving.
q The accidents from 2nd process (move and install
machine/device) and accidents from 5th process (remove
the device) showed the similar accidents such as
accidental clamping/hitting/dropping of materials or
equipment.
Determine pile
driving process

Exploration of the
accidents

Recommend safety
measure
24

1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY

MEASURES IN EACH PILE DRIVING
1.2 Exploration of the accidents

Moving and Installing device

Materials fall from driving tower.
The components of the driving tower clamp the
worker.
The components of the driving tower fall during the
hoisting process.

Determine pile
driving process

Exploration of the
accidents

Recommend safety
measure
25

1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY

MEASURES IN EACH PILE DRIVING
1.2 Exploration of the accidents

Driving pile process

The debris of the pile head falls down on the workers
Electric shock while welding the pile head.
The pile hits the underground power cable during the
driving process.
The bolts of the driving tower fall down during the
hammering process.
The labor falls from the driving tower because of
climbing the tower.
Determine pile
driving process

Exploration of the
accidents

Recommend safety
measure
26

1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY MEASURES

IN EACH PILE DRIVING
1.2 Exploration of the accidents

Moving the driving tower to new

location
The driving tower collapses because of derail.
The driving tower clamps the foot of the worker
during the movement the pile driving tower.

Determine pile
driving process

Exploration of the
accidents

Recommend safety
measure
27

Process

Example of Accidents

Moving and
Installing
device

- Materials fall from driving tower.

- The components of the driving tower clamp the worker.
- The components of the driving tower fall during the
hoisting process.
Driving pile - The debris of the pile head falls down on the workers
- Electric shock while welding the pile head.
- The pile hits the underground power cable during the
driving process.
- The bolts of the driving tower fall down during the
hammering
- The labor falls from the driving tower
Moving the - The driving tower collapses because of derail.
pile driving - The driving tower clamps the foot of the worker because
tower to new
of moving the driving tower.
position
Determine pile
driving process

Exploration of the
accidents

Recommend safety
measure
28

1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY

MEASURES IN EACH PILE DRIVING
1.3 Recommended safety measures
q During the collecting accidents in each driven pile process,
researchers asked the experts to recommend safety
measures that can reduce and prevent it.
q The result of in-depth interview with ten experts found 204
safety measures to reduce and prevent 75 accidents in
pile driving processes

Determine pile
driving process

Exploration of the
accidents

Recommend safety
measure
29

2. VERIFICATION OF SAFETY MEASURES FOR

MINIMIZING ACCIDENTS
q Safety measures to minimize and prevent accidents from
previous part were verified by using Delphi technique.
q It was interviewed by using rating likert scale in the
questionnaire the scale consists of five levels of
acceptance including (1) strongly disagree (2) disagree (3)
neither (4) agree (5) strongly agree.
q Delphi technique was used to collect 17 respondents from
different companies.

30

2. VERIFICATION OF SAFETY MEASURES FOR

MINIMIZING ACCIDENTS
q Agreement of reducing accidents determines median is
more than 3.5 and inter-quartile range is less than 1.
q There are 100% pass acceptance from respondents.
q Therefore, 204 safety measures can be used to reduce
accidents in pile driving processes

31

2. VERIFICATION OF SAFETY MEASURES

FOR MINIMIZING ACCIDENTS
Process List of accidents
Moving Materials fall from
and
driving tower.
Installing
device

Driving
pile

Safety measures to reduce accidents

Install warning signs to inform unsafe area.
Check the bolts of the tower before start
working.
Use appropriate speed to install the driving
tower.
The components Must wear gloves.
of the driving tower The worker has to attach a rope to control the
clamp the worker. object hoisted.
The tower crane should be assembled
horizontally and then lifted to vertical position
by crane.
There should be one worker to give signal
while lifting the tower crane components.
The debris of the Workers must wear a construction helmet.
pile head falls
Check the pile cap before start working.
down on the
Use a wet gunny sack to cover the head of 32
workers
the pile before putting on the pile cap.

2. VERIFICATION OF SAFETY MEASURES FOR

MINIMIZING ACCIDENTS
Process
List of accidents
Driving pile Electric shock while
welding the pile
head.
The pile hits the
underground power
cable during the
driving process.
The bolts of the
driving tower fall
down during the
hammering process.

Safety measures to reduce accidents

Must wear gloves, safety shoes, welding
mask
Must have earth wire.
Avoid working in area with water.
Stop working when it rains.
Check for underground cables and water
supply system in working area.

Workers must wear safety helmet.

Check the bolts of driving pile tower.
Observe the bolts of driving tower during the
hammering.
Stop working if the bolts are loose.
The labor falls from Must wear safety harness attached to a
the driving tower
safety block when climbing the tower.
33
because of climbing Wear non-slip shoes.
the tower.
Stop working when raining.

2. VERIFICATION OF SAFETY MEASURES FOR

MINIMIZING ACCIDENTS
Process
List of accidents
Moving The driving tower
the driving collapses because
tower to of derail.
new
position
The driving tower
clamps the foot of
the worker because
of moving the
driving tower.

Safety measures to reduce accidents

The controller and the signal man should
have the same understanding of the
gestures used
Check the rails of the driving tower.
Workers must stay away from the driving
pile tower when moving the tower.
Workers must wear safety shoes.
Need someone to give signal when moving
crane.

34

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

Safety measures that require to develop safety checklist
q This step is to find consensus of agreement on safety
measures that should be develop safety checklist from
experts
q Using Delphi technique. It was interviewed by using rating
likert scale in the questionnaire, the scale consists of five
levels of acceptance including (1) strongly disagree (2)
disagree (3) neither (4) agree (5) strongly agree.

Safety measures that require to

develop safety checklist

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency

35

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

Safety measures that require to develop safety checklist
q Agreement of having checklist to support safety measures
was determined by the conditions that median is more
than 3.5 and inter-quartile range is less than 1.
q From the analysis, there were 45.6% safety measures that
were required the development of safety checklist.

Safety measure that require to

develop safety checklist

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency

36

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

List of
Safety measures to reduce accidents
accidents
Moving Materials fall Install warning signs to separate the
and
from driving construction area.
Installing tower.
device
Check the bolts of the tower before start
working
Use appropriate speed to install the driving
tower.
The
Must wear gloves.
components The worker has to attach a rope to control
of the driving the object hoisted.
tower clamp The tower crane should be assembled
the worker. horizontally and then lifted to vertical
position by crane.
There should be one worker to give signal
while lifting the tower crane components.
Process

Safety measure that require to

develop safety checklist

Mdn.
5
5

Result of
acceptance
Strongly
agree

Strongly
agree
Disagree

4
2

Agree
Disagree

Disagree

Agree

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency

37

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

Process

List of accidents

Result of
acceptance
Agree

5
2

Strongly agree
Disagree

Agree

4
2

Agree
Disagree

Agree

Safety measures to reduce accidents Mdn.

Driving The debris of the

Workers must wear a construction
pile
pile head falls down helmet.
on the workers
Check the pile cap before start working.
Use a wet gunny sack to cover the head
of the pile before putting on the pile cap.
Electric shock while Must wear gloves, safety shoes, welding
welding the pile
mask while welding, must wear boots in
head.
rainy season.
Must have earth wire.
Avoid working in area with water.
Stop working when it rains.
The pile hits the
Check for underground cables and
underground power water supply system in working area.
cable during the
driving process.
Safety measure that require to
develop safety checklist

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency

38

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

Process

List of accidents

Driving
pile

The bolts of the

driving tower fall
down during the
hammering process.

The labor falls from

the driving tower
because of climbing
the tower.

Safety measures to reduce

accidents
Workers must wear safety helmet.
Check the bolts of driving pile
tower.
Observe the bolts of driving tower
during the hammering.
Stop working if the bolts are loose.
Must wear safety harness attached
to a safety block when climbing the
tower.
Wear non-slip shoes.
Stop working when raining.

Safety measure that require to

develop safety checklist

Mdn.
4
5

Result of
acceptance
Agree
Strongly
agree

Neither

Agree

4
2

Agree
Disagree

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency

39

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

List of
accidents
Moving the The driving
driving
tower collapses
tower to
because of
new
derail.
position
The driving
tower clamps
the foot of the
worker because
of moving the
driving tower.
Process

Safety measures to reduce

accidents
The controller and the signal man
should have the same understanding
of the gestures used
Check the rails of the driving tower.
Workers must stay away from the
driving pile tower when moving the
tower.
Workers must wear safety shoes.
Need someone to give signal when
moving crane.

Safety measure that require to

develop safety checklist

Result of
acceptance
disagree

Agree

Strongly
disagree

4
4

Agree
Agree

Mdn.

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency

40

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

Detail of safety checklist and its frequency
q This step is to find detail of safety checklist and its
frequency.
q Safety checklist can be classified such as personal
protection equipment, pile driving equipment, environment
and so on.
q There are 36 new safety check lists which were
developed. The result of detail safety checklist and
frequency of checking in each process
Safety measure that require to
develop safety checklist

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency
41

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

Detail of safety checklist and its frequency
Process
Moving and
Installing device

Detail items of checklist

Personal Protection Equipment
Gloves
Labor action
Sign man
Pile driving equipment
Bolt (good condition, not corroded)
Working Area
Red-white flag

Safety measures that require to

develop safety checklist

Frequency of
checking item
Every day
Every day
Every day
Every day

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency
42

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

3.2 Detail of safety checklist and its frequency
Process
Driving pile

Detail items of checklist

Personal Protection Equipment
Construction helmet
Gloves
Safety shoe
Welding mask (while welding)
Rain boots (raining season)
Pile driving equipment
Pile cap (good condition, not loose)
Bolt (good condition, not corroded)

Safety measure that require to

develop safety checklist

Frequency of
checking item
Every day
Every day
Every day
Every day
Every day
Every day
Every day

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency
43

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

3.2 Detail of safety checklist and its frequency
Process

Detail items of checklist

Driving pile

Working Area
Earth wire
Underground cable
Water supply system

Safety measure that require to

develop safety checklist

Frequency of
checking item
Before starting the
project
Before starting the
project
Before starting the
project

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency
44

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

3.2 Detail of safety checklist and its frequency
Process

Detail items of checklist

Moving the driving

Personal Protection Equipment
tower to new
Safety shoe
position
Non-slip shoe (Climbing tower)
Safety harness (working higher than 2 m.)
Labor action
Sign man
Driving pile equipment
Rail of tower (good condition, not cored, not
flex)

Safety measure that require to

develop safety checklist

Frequency of
checking item
Every day
Every day
Every day
Every day
Every day

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency
45

46

CONCLUSION
The result of research are:
1. List of accidents that found in each pile driving
process.
2. Safety measures that can help to reduce
accidents in each pile driving process.
3. Checklist for each pile driving process.

47

RECOMMENDATION
Benefits of Safety Measures

Benefits of Safety Checklists

Guidelines in pile driving

operation.
Guideline in labor training.
Help the driving pile
companies by offering a
new technique to accidents.

Help supervisor use safety

checklist in aspect of clarity
and completeness.
It can be applied in many
aspects such as apply the
checklist for assessing or
monitoring or controlling
safety.

48

Thank You

49