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Cell Communication
Chapters 11 & 45
Chemical signals
Within cells
2nd messengers and related molecular pathways
Between cells
In an organism
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Some 2nd messengers
Between organisms
pheromones
Fig. 11.4
Also review Figs. 6.27, 6.29, 6.30 & 7.7
Examples: hormones
ADH, aldosterone,
insulin, glucagon
Fig. 11.5
Also review Fig. 40.6 and see additional classifications in Fig. 45.2
Receptor location varies with hormone type: water soluble vs. lipid soluble hormones
e.g., ADH vs. testosterone
Steroid hormones:
LIPOPHILIC (can
diffuse across
membranes
without a
transporter, but
bind to proteins for
transport in blood,
cytoplasm, etc.)
Fig. 45.5
Also review Fig. 11.5c
and see Figs. 11.9 & 45.7
Fig. 45.9
Fig. 45.4
Fig. 45.10
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Increase glycogen
breakdown and
release of glucose
into blood (increase
blood glucose)
Pancreas
Hormone
(protein)
Fig. 41.21
Fig. 45.19
Fig. 45.8
Also see Fig. 11.17
Fig. 11.6
Fig. 11.10
Also see amplification
example in Fig. 11.16
AMPLIFICATION
Fig. 11.8a,b
Also see Fig. 11.7 & 11.12
Receptor tyrosine kinases receptor and kinase are parts of same TM protein
BSC 2010
Chase
BSC 2010
Chase
Signal-transduction pathway
Reception
Transduction
Response
Ligand / Receptor
G-protein/G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)
Receptor tyrosine kinases
Ligand-gated ion channel
Protein phosphorylation
Protein kinase
Protein phosphatase
Phosphorylation cascade
Amplification
Second messenger
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Adenylyl cyclase
Phosphodiesterase
Calcium ion (Ca2+)
BSC 2010
Chase
Fig. 11.12
Also see amplification
example in Fig. 11.16
PHOSPHORYLATION CASCADE