Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ground Fault
Protection
Low voltage
expert guides n 2
YFJYVIIVGIT
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Contents
3
3
3
6
8
9
10
GFP implementation
18
3.3. Applications
21
24
24
29
Conclusion
34
5.1. Implementation
5.2. Wiring diagram study
34
34
36
3.3.1. Methodology
3.3.2. Application: implementation in a single-source TN-S system
3.3.3. Application: implementation in a multisource TN-S system
4.1.1. Diagram 2
4.1.2. Diagrams 1 and 3
4.2.1. System study
4.2.2. Solutions
21
21
22
24
28
30
31
34
35
35
36
36
For the user or the operator, electrical power supply must be:
risk free (safety of persons and goods)
always available (continuity of supply).
These needs signify:
in terms of safety, using technical solutions to prevent the risks that are caused
by insulation faults.
These risks are:
v electrification (even electrocution) of persons
v destruction of loads and the risk of fire.
The occurrence of an insulation fault in not negligible. Safety of electrical
installations is ensured by:
- respecting installation standards
- implementing protection devices in conformity with product standards (in particuliar
with different IEC 60 947 standards).
b in terms of availability, choosing appropriate solutions.
The coordination of protection devices is a key factor in attaining this goal.
ES characteristics are:
b an insulation fault has varying
consequences depending on the system
used:
v fault that is dangerous or not dangerous
for persons
v strong or very weak fault current.
b if the fault is dangerous, it must be
quickly eliminated
b the PE is a conductor.
Since 1997, IEC 364 is identified by a no.: 60 XXX, but its content is exactly the
same.
DB125394
DB125393
But when these risks do exist, it is recommended (even required) to use a TT system
2/ TT system
b characteristics:
v an insulation fault creates a dangerous touch voltage: it must be instantaneously
eliminated
v a fault current is limited by earth resistance and is generally well below the setting
thresholds of SCPDs (Id = a few A).
Protection of persons against indirect contact is thus ensured by an RCD with
medium or low sensitivity. The RCD causes the deenergizing of switchgear as soon
as the fault current has a touch voltage greater than the safety voltage Ui.
Protection of goods is ensured by a strong natural fault loop impedance (some ).
The installation of RCDs at 300 mA reduces the risk of fire.
3/ IT system
b characteristics:
v upon the first fault (Id y 1 A), the voltage is not dangerous and the installation can
remain in service
v but this fault must be localised and eliminated
v a Permanent Insulation Monitor (PIM) signals the presence of an insulation fault.
Protection of persons against indirect contact is naturally ensured (no touch
voltage).
DB125396
DB125395
DB125398
DB117217
Diagram 4a.
RCD coordination
The coordination of RCD earth leakage functions is carried out using discrimination
and/or by selecting circuits.
1/ Discrimination consists in only tripping the earth leakage protection device
located just upstream from the fault. This discrimination can be at three or four levels
depending on the installation; it is also called vertical discrimination. It should be
both current sensitive and time graded.
DB125502
b current discrimination.
The sensitivity of the upstream device should be at least twice that of the downstream device.
In fact, IEC 60755 and IEC 60947-2 appendix B product standards define:
v non tripping of the RCD for a fault current equal to 50 % of the setting threshold
v tripping of the RCD for a fault current equal to 100 % of the setting threshold
v standardised setting values (30, 100, 300 mA and1 A).
DB117400
250-5 of the NEC defines earthing systems of the TN-S(1) and IT type(1), the latter
being reserved for industrial or specific tertiary (hospitals) applications. The TN-S
system is therefore the most used in commonplace applications.
(1) TN-S system is called S.G. system (Solidely Grounded) and IT system is called I.G. system
(Insuladed Grounding).
b 230.95 of the NEC requires the use of a GFP device at least at the supply end of
a LV installation if:
v the neutral is directly earthed
- 150 V < phase-to-neutral voltage < 600 V
v INominal supply end device > 1000 A.
b The GFP device must be set in the following manner:
v maximum threshold (asymptote) at 1200 A
v response time less than 1s for a fault of 3000 A (setting of the tripping curve).
Even though the NEC standard requires a maximum threshold of 1200 A, it
recommends:
b settings around 300 to 400 A
b on the downstream outgoer, the use of a GFP device that is set (threshold, time
delay) according to the rules of discrimination in paragraphe 2.2.
b exceptions for the use of GFP device are allowed:
v if continuity of supply is necessary and the maintenance personel is well trained
and omnipresent
v on emergency set generator
v for fire fighting circuits.
DB117222
DB125398
DB117217
b "Zero Sequence" ZS
The insulation fault is directly calculated at the primary of the CT using the vectorial
sum of currents in live conductors. This type of GFP is only used with weak fault
current values.
Used
Often used
Rarely used
b Recommended or required
v Possible
This type of protection is defined by the NEC (National Electrical Code) to ensure
protection against fire on electrical power installations.
TN-S
System
TT
System
IT-1st fault
System
Strong
Id y 20 kA
Strong
Id y 20 kA
Medium
Id y 20 kA
Weak
Id y 0.1 A
Use of ES
b IEC 60 364
b NEC
b
Forbidden
bbb
bbb
bb
forbidden
b
b
Fire:
b for IEC 60 364
b for NEC
Fault current
b Rarely used
DB125503
10
DB125504
11
The upstream GFP device must be coordinated with the downstream devices.
Device coordination shall be conducted between:
b the upstream GFP device and any possible downstream GFP devices
b the upstream GFP device and the downstream SCPDs, because of the GFP
threshold setting values (a few hundred amps),
protection using GFP devices can interfer with SCPDs installed downstream.
DB125505
Note: the use of transformers, which ensure galvanic insulation, earthing system changes or
voltage changes, solve discrimination problems (see 2.4.3).
Diagram 9.
DB125506
DB117727
12
DB125545
DB125507
A study concerning operating curves shows that total discrimination is ensured with:
b a ratio in the realm of 10 to 15 between the upstream GFP setting threshold and
the rating of downstream fuses
b an intentional delay of the upstream GFP device that is greater than the breaking
time of the downstream device.
A function of the It = constant type on the GFP device setting allows the
discrimination ratio to be slightly improved.
The ratio can be greatly reduced by using a circuit-breaker thanks to the possibility of
setting the magnetic threshold or the short delay of the downstream circuit-breaker.
DB125509
DB125508
Figure 12a.
Figure 12b.
13
DB125510
Upon fault, the relay located the nearest to the earth fault (for ex. R1) sees the fault,
sends a signal to the upstream relay (R2) to indicate to it that it has seen the fault
and that it will immediately eliminate it. R2 receives this message, sees the fault but
waits for the signal from R1 and also sends a signal to R3, etc. The R2 relay only
trips after a time delay (some ten ms) if the fault is not eliminated by R1 (see
examples 1 and 2).
DB125511
Example 1:
b D1 to D3 circuit-breakers are fitted out with a CU that allows the implementation of
logic discrimination:
v an insulation fault occurs at point C and causes a fault current of 1500 A.
b relay no. 3 (threshold at 300 A) immediately gives the tripping order to the circuitbreaker (D3) of the outgoer dealt with:
v relay no. 3 also sends a signal to relay no. 2, which also detected the fault
(threshold at 800 A), and temporarily cancels the tripping order to circuit-breaker D2
for a few hundred milliseconds, the fault elimination time needed by circuit-breaker D3
v relay no. 2 in turn sends a signal to relay no. 1
v relay no. 2 gives the order to open circuit-breaker D2 after a few hundred
milliseconds only if the fault continues, i.e. if circuit-breaker D3 did not open
v id, relay no. 1 gives the order to open circuit-breaker D1 a few hundred
milliseconds after the fault occured only if circuit-breakers D2 and D3 did not open.
14
Example 2:
b an insulation fault occurs at point A and causes a fault current of 1500 A
b relay no. 1 (threshold at 1200 A) immediately gives the tripping order to circuitbreaker (A) that has not received a signal from the downstream relays
b instantaneous tripping of D1 allows stresses on busbars to be greatly
reduced.
DB125416
DB125512
Example 1:
b le circuit-breaker D1 is fitted out with a GFP device of the SGR type set at 1200 A
index II (i.e. t = 140 ms)
b circuit-breaker D2 is fitted out with a GFP2 device of the RS type set at 400 A
instantaneous
b an insulation fault occurs in B and causes a fault current of 1500 A:
v a study concerning tripping curves shows that the 2 relays see the fault current.
But only GFP2 makes its device trip instantaneously
v discrimination is ensured if the total fault elimination time t2 by D2 is less than the
time delay Dt of D1.
Diagram 12c.
DB125417
Example 2:
b an insulation fault occurs in A and causes a fault current of 2000 A:
v circuit-breaker D1 eliminates it after a time delay t
v the installation undergoes heat stress from the fault during time delay t and the
fault elimination time t1.
Diagram 14b.
Example 1:
b the upstream circuit-breaker D1 is fitted out with a GFP device that has a threshold
set at 1000 A 15 % and a time delay at 400 ms :
v circuit-breaker D2 has a rating of 100 A that protects distribution circuits. The short
delay setting of D2 is at 10 In i.e. 1000 A 15 %
v an insulation fault occurs at point B causing a fault current Id.
b a study concerning tripping curves shows overlapping around the magnetic
threshold setting value (1000 A i.e. 10 In 15 %) thus a loss of discrimination.
By lowering the short delay threshold to 7 In, discrimination is reached between the
2 protection devices whatever the insulation fault value may be.
15
An insulation fault inside the metal casing of a generating set may severly damage
the generator of this set. The fault must be quickly detected and eliminated.
Furthermore, if other generators are parallelly connected, they will generate energy
in the fault and may cause overload tripping. Continuity of supply is no longer
ensured.
DB125514
For this reason, a GFP device built-into the generators circuit allows:
b the fault generator to be quickly disconnected and service to be continued
b the control circuits of the fault generator to be stopped and thus to diminish the risk
of deterioration.
This GFP device is of the Residualsensing type and is to be installed closest to the
protection device as shown in a TN-C system, in each generator set with earthed
exposed conducted parts using a seperate PE:
b upon fault on generator no. 1:
v an earth fault current is established in PE1 Id1 + Id2 due to the output of power
supplies 1 and 2 in the fault
v this current is seen by the GFP1 device that gives the instantaneous
disconnection order for generator 1 (opening of circuit-breaker D1)
v this current is not seen by the GFP2 device. Because of the TN-C system.
This type of protection is called "restricted differential".
Installed GFP devices only protect power supplies
GFP is of the Residualsensing RS type.
GFP threshold setting: from 3 to 100 A depending on the GE rating.
16
DB125515
17
GFP implementation
DB125420
GFP implementation
DB125421
DB125422
The main problem is ensuring that the TN-S system does not transform into a
TN-C system during operation. This can be dangerous and can disturb the
neutral conductor in the case of strong current.
A "multisource / multigrounding"
installation must be carefully studied
because the upstream system may be a TNC and the neutral conductor a PEN.
19
GFP implementation
DB125423
Indeed, given their frequency that is three times higher and their current shift in
modules of 2/3, only third harmonic and multiples of three currents are added to the
neutral instead of being cancelled. The other orders can be ignored.
Facing this problem, several solutions are possible:
b oversizing the neutral cable
b balancing the loads as much as possible
b connecting a coupled tranformer Y that blocks third order harmonics current.
The NEC philosophy, which does not foresee protection of the neutral,
recommends oversizing the neutral cable by doubling it.
DB125424
The installation therefore needs to be verified to make sure that this type of fault
does not exist.
20
GFP implementation
DB125516
Note: a single earthing of the 2 power supplies reduces the problem (current flow of the Neutral
in structures) but:
b neutral conductors upstream from couplings are PENs
b this system is not very easy to correctly construct.
Neutral
PE
PEN
3.3. Applications
Implementation of a system with a single
power supply does not present any
particular problems because a fault or
neutral current can not be deviated.
3.3.1. Methodology
The implementation mentioned in paragraph 3.1 consists in verifying 6 criteri.
b Measurement:
a 0: the GFP device is physically correctly installed: the measuring CT is correctly
positioned.
The next step consists in verifying on the single-line.
b TN-S system, i.e.:
v operating without faults:
a 1: GFP devices do not undergo nuisance tripping with or without unbalanced
and/or harmonic loads
a 2: surrounding sensitive switchgear is not disturbed.
v operating with faults:
b 1: the GFP device on the fault outgoer measures the true fault value
b 2: GFP devices not dealt with do not undergo nuisance tripping.
b Availability:
b 3 : discrimination with upstream and downstream protection devices is ensured
upon an insulation fault.
GFP implementation
DB125517
b 3 criterion
b availability
v discrimination must be ensured according to the rules in paragraph 2.2.
Criterion b 3 is then verified.
Diagram 22 - Single-source.
22
GFP implementation
Q1
Q2
Q3
Normal N
Replacement R1
Replacement R2
C: Closed
O: Open
DB125426
To study all case figures and taking into account the symmetry between GFP1 and
GFP2 devices, 12 criteria must be verified (6 criteria x 2 systems).
Diagram 24 - Coupling.
23
Characteristics of diagram 2
Ground fault protection may be:
b of the SGR type
b of the RS type if uncoupling of the load
Neutral is performed properly
b the incoming circuit-breakers are of the
three-pole type.
Fault management does not require ground
fault protection on the coupler.
Diagram 1
DB125520
DB125519
Diagram 2
4.1.1. Diagram 2
DB125521
Once earthing of the neutral has been carried out using a distribution neutral
Conductor, the neutral on supply end protection devices is thus considered to be a
PEN. However, the earthing link is a PE.
Diagram 26a.
24
Diagram 3
Diagram 25.
DB125522
The supply end earth protection device can be implemented using GFP devices of
the Source Ground Return type of which the measuring CTs are installed on this link
(see diagram 26b).
In normal N operation:
b a 0 is verified because it deals with a PE
b a 1 a 2 are verified as well (currents in the neutral conductor cannot flow in the PE
and the earth circuits)
b b 1 is verified
b b 2 is not verified because it deals with a PE common to 2 parts of the installation
b b 3 can be verified without any problems.
Implemented GFP devices ensure installation safety because maximum leakage
current for both installations is always limited to 1200 A.
But supply is interrupted because an insulation fault leads to deenergisation of the
entire installation.
For example, a fault on U2 leads to the deenergisation of U1 and U2.
In R1 or R2 replacement operation:
All operation criteria are verified.
To completely resolve the problem linked to b 2 criterion, one can:
b implement a CT coupling system (Study 2)
b upgrade the installation system (Study 3).
25
DB125523
Diagram 27a.
DB125524
Diagram 27b.
Since link A1 is a PEN for loads U1 and U2 and link A2 is a neutral for load U2, the
Neutral current measurement can be eliminated in this conductor by coupling the
CTs (see 27b).
Fault currents are only measured by the Q1 measurement CT: no discrimination is
possible between U1 and U2.
For this reason, all operation criteria are verified.
Note: measuring CTs must be correctly polorised and have the same rating.
DB125525
Diagram 28a.
a1 and a2 criteria
The current that flows through the N1 (or N2) neutral has only one path to return to
the power source. The GFP1 (or GFP2) device calculates the vectorial sum of all
Phases and Neutral currents. a1 and a2 criteria are verified.
b1 and b2 criteria
Upon fault on U1 (or U2), the current cannot return via the N1 (or N2) neutral. It
returns entirely to the power source via the PE and the PEN1 (or PEN2). For this
reason, the GFP1 (or GFP2) device located on the feeder supply system reads the
true fault current and the GFP2 (or GFP1) device does not see any fault current and
remains inactive
b3 criterion
Discrimination must be ensured according to the conditions defined in paragraph 2-2.
Therefore, all criteria is verified.
DB125526
Diagram 28b
27
The N1 (or N2) functions are not affected by this operation and so as to manage
protection of the 2 uses (U1 + U2), the sum of neutral currents (N1+N2) must be
calculated.
CT coupling carried out in diagram 28b allows for these two criteria to be verified.
In R2 replacement operation: same principle.
4.1.1.4. Comments
The diagram with symmetrical grounding is used in Anglo-Saxon countries. It calls
for strict compliance with the layout of the PE, neutral and PEN in the main LV
switchboard.
Additional characteristics
b Management of fault currents without measuring CTs on the coupler
b Complete testing of the GFP function possible in the factory: external CTs are
located in the main LV switchboard
b Protection only provided on the part of the installation downstream of the
measuring CTs: a problem if the sources are at a distance.
Q1
C
O
Q2
O
C
DB125528
C: Closed
O: Open
Diagram 29.
Diagram 30a.
In normal N operation
The diagram is the same as the single source diagram (PE and Neutral separate).
There is thus no problem in implementing ground fault protection GFP1 of the RS or
SGR type.
In R2 replacement operation
At Q2, the neutral and the PE are common (PEN). Consequently, use of a ground
fault protection GFP2 of the SGR type with external CT on the PE is the only (simple)
solution to be used.
28
DB125529
Diagram 30b.
In Normal N operation
For Q1, the diagram is the same as that of a single source diagram.
For Q2, GFP2 is of the SGR type with the measurement taken on PE2 (see fig. 30b).
In Normal R1 operation
The diagram is similar to a single source diagram.
In Normal R2 operation
PE2 becomes a PEN. A 2nd external CT on the PE (see figure 30b) associated with
relays takes the measurement.
29
DB125531
In event of a fault on the loads 1, the lf current can flow back via the neutral
conductor (not broken) if it is shared in lf1 and lf2.
b1 criterion
For the GFP1 device, the measured If1 current is less than the true fault current. This
can lead to the non-operation of GFP1 upon dangerous fault.
Operation does not function correctly. b1 criterion is not verified.
DB125532
b2 criterion
For the GFP2 device, an If2 current is measured by the supply end GFP device,
even though there is no fault. This can lead to nuisance tripping of the GFP1 device.
Operation does not function correctly.
30
b3 criterion
A discrimination study is not applicable as long as the encountered dysfunctionings
have not been resolved.
b In R1 (or R2) operation.
The dysfunctionings encountered during normal operation subsis.
The implementation of GFP devices on multisource systems, with several earthings
and with a connected neutral, require a more precise study to be carried out.
Furthermore, the neutral current, which flows in the PE via path B, can flow in the
metal parts of switchgear that is connected to the earth and can lead to
dysfunctioning of sensitive switchgear.
4.2.2. Solutions
4.2.2.1. Modified differential GFP
DB125443
Three GFP devices of the residual sensing type are installed on protection devices
and coupling (cf. diagram 33a). By using Kirchoffs laws and thanks to intelligent
coupling of the CTs, the incidence of the natural current in the neutral (perceived as a
circulating current) can be eliminated and only the fault current calculated.
DB125444
31
b From the remarks formulated above (see paragraph 4.2.1.), the following can be
deduced:
v I = I N1 + I N2
DB125445
Activated.
Activated.
Gives rhe fault value.
Same operating principle as for study 1, but:
b normal operation N
b load U1 generating neutral currents (harmonic and/or unbalance), i.e. phase
v I f = I f1 + I f2
DB125533
In R1 and R2 operation
If this system is to be used in all case figures, three 4P devices must be used.
Diagram 34.
This technique is used to correctly and simply manage multisource diagrams with
several earthings, i.e.:
b GFP1 and GFP2, RS or SGR standards
b GFP3 (on coupling), RS standard not necessary, but enables management in R1
(or R2) operation of the fault on load U1 or U2.
Moreover, there are no more neutral currents flowing in the structures.
33
Conclusion
5.1. Implementation
The methodology, especially 331 p. 22, must be followed:
b measurement:
v physical mounting of CTs and connection of CT secondaries according to the rules
of the trade
v do not forget the current measurement in the neutral conductor.
b earthing system.
The system must be of the TN-S type.
b availability:
Discrimination between upstream GFP devices must be ensured with:
v downstream GFP devices
v downstream short delay circuit-breakers..
34
Conclusion
DB125536
DB125519
DB125535
System 1
System 2
Accessible neutral
conductors and PE for
each source. The GFP1
(GFP2) device is:
b of the RS type with an
exteranl CT on the neutral
conductor N1 (N2)
b of the SGR type with an
external CT on the PE
conductor PE1 (PE2).
Figure 35.
System 3
Only useful in source coupling
(no Q3 coupling) = case of the
GE.
35
Conclusion
Sub-distribution
Single-sourcee
Multisource /
Single-ground
Multisource /
Multiground
All Systems
GFP
GFP
GFP
GFP
Combined CB
Combined CB
3P
4P
Combined CB
3P
4P
b (2)
3P
4P
b (4)
Residual Sensing RS
b (1)
b (2)
b (3)
b (4)
b (4)
Combined CB
3P
4P
Disadvantages
Residual Sensing
with 4P circuit-breaker
(CT on built in Neutral)
With 3P circuit-breaker
(CT on external Neutral)
36
38
42
44
46
47
48
50
53
37
DB125461
Micrologic 6.0 A.
Setting by switch
Setting by keyboard
38
Micrologic 6.0 A
33073
Micrologic 6.0 P
47059
Micrologic 6.0 H
47062
Functions
Threshold setting
Return" type
by switch
In y 400 A
Ig = In x
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
accuracy: 10 %
Ig = In x ...
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
In u 1200 A
Ig =
500
640
720
800
880
960
1040
1120
1200
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
With I2t ON
With I2t OFF
20
80
140
230
350
80
140
230
350
500
Indication of fault type (F) including ground fault by LED on the front panel
(1) This module is necessary to supply the indication (but not necessary to supply the protection).
Note:
b
with micrologic 6.0 P and H, each threshold over may be linked either to a tripping (protection)
or to an indication, made by a programmable contact M2C or optionnal M6C (alarm). The both
actions, alarm and protection, are also available
b the ZSI cabling, identical for Masterpact NT/NW, Compact NS630b/1600 and Compact
NS1600b/3200 is in details page 44
b t
he external supply module AD
and battery module
BAT, identical for Masterpact NT/NW,
Compact NS630b/1600 and Compact NS1600b/3200, are in details page 44.
DB117297
It is used with 3P circuit breakers and is installed on the neutral conductor to achieve
a GFP protection of residual type.
Cabling precautions:
b shielded cable with 2 twisted pairs
b shielding connected to GND on one end only
b maximum length 5 meters
b cable cross-sectional area to 0.4 to 1.5 mm2.
b recommended cable: Belden 9552 or equivalent
b the external CT rating may be compatible with the circuit breaker normal rating:
NT06 to NT16: CT 400/1600
NW08 to NW20: CT 400/2000
NW25 to NW40: CT 1000/4000
NW40b to NW63: CT 2000/6300.
The signal connection Vn is necessary only for power measurement
(Micrologic P/H).
If the 2000/6300 current transformer is used:
signals SG1 and SG2 must be wired in series, signals X1 and X2 must be wired in
parallel.
39
DB125537
DB125451
NT
NW
33576
34035
1000/4000
34035
2000/6300
48182
40
DB125454
DB125453
Wathever the Masterpact feeding type, by open or bottom side, the power
connection and the terminal connection of external CT are compulsary the same of
those phases CT ones.
DB117311
It is installed on the from LV transformer starpoint to the ground link and is connected
to Micrologic 6.0 trip unit by MDGF summer module to achieve the ground fault
protection of SGR type.
DB125455
Cabling protections:
b unshielded cable with 1 twisted pair
b shielding connected to GND on one end only
b maximum length 150 meters
b Cable cross-sectional area to 0.4 to 1.5 mm2
b Recommended cable: Belden 9552 or equivalent
b Terminals 5 and 6 are exclusives:
v the terminal 5 for Masterpact NW08 to 40
v the terminal 6 for Masterpect NW40b to 63.
Catalog Numbers
Current Transformer SGR
33579
MDGF module
48891
41
Micrologic 6.0 A.
DB125462
Setting by switch
Micrologic 6.0 A
Functions
Return" type
Threshold setting
by switch
accuracy: 10 %
In y 400 A
400 A < In < 1200 A
In u 1200 A
Ig = In x
Ig = In x ...
Ig =
A
0.3
0.2
500
B
0.3
0.3
640
C
0.4
0.4
720
D
0.5
0.5
800
E
0.6
0.6
880
0.1
0.1
80
140
0.2
0.2
140
230
0.3
0.3
230
350
0.4
0.4
350
500
F
0.7
0.7
960
G
0.8
0.8
1040
H
0.9
0.9
1120
J
1
1
1200
With I2t ON
With I2t OFF
20
80
(1) This module is necessary to supply the indication (but not necessary to supply the protection).
42
Note:
with micrologic 6.0 P and H, each threshold over may be linked either to a tripping (protection)
or to an indication, made by a programmable contact M2C or optionnal M6C (alarm). The both
actions, alarm and protection, are also available
the ZSI cabling, identical for Masterpact NT/NW, Compact NS630b/1600 and Compact
NS1600b/3200 is in details page 44
the external supply module AD and battery module BAT, identical for Masterpact NT/NW,
Compact NS630b/1600 and Compact NS1600b/3200, are in details page 44.
It is used with 3P circuit breakers and is installed on the neutral conductor to achieve
a GFP protection of residual type.
DB117312
Cabling precautions:
b shielded cable with 2 twisted pairs
b shielding connected to GND on one end only
b maximum length 5 meters
b cable cross-sectional area to 0.4 to 1.5 mm2
b recommended cable: Belden 9552 or equivalent
b the external CT rating may be compatible with the circuit breaker normal rating:
v NS630b to NS1600: TC 400/1600
v NS1600b to NS2000: TC 400/2000
v NS2500 to NS3200: TC 1000/4000.
Wathever the Masterpact feeding type, by open or bottom side, the power
connection and the terminal connection of external CT are compulsary the same of
those phases CT ones.
Feeding by open side H2 is connected to source side and H1 to receiver side.
Feeding by bottom side H1 is connected to source side and H2 to receiver side.
NS
400/2000
33576
1000/3200
33576
43
DB117311
It is installed on the from LV transformer starpoint to the ground link and is connected
to Micrologic 6.0 trip unit by MDGF summer module to achieve the ground fault
protection of SGR type.
DB117313
Cabling precautions:
b unshielded cable with 1 twisted pair
b shielding connected to GND on one end only
b maximum length 150 meters
b cable cross-sectional area to 0.4 to 1.5 mm2
b recommended cable: Belden 9552 or equivalent
Catalog Numbers
Current Transformeteur SGR
33579
b Fault 2:
circuit breakers A and B detect the fault. Circuit breaker A receives a signal from B
and remains closed for the full duration of its tripping delay set to 0.3. Circuit breaker
B does not receive a signal from downstream and opens immediately, in spite of its
tripping delay set to 0.2.
025173_R
DB125538
Note: the maximum length between two devices is 3000 m. The devices total number is 100 at
the maximum.
DB125459
10 VA
24/30, 48/60, 100/125 V DC (+20 % -20 %),
consumption 10 W.
b Output voltage:
24 V DC, power delivered: 5W/5VA.
b Ripple < 5 %
b Classe 2 isolation
b A Battery module makes it possible to use the display even if the power supply to
the Micrologic control unit is interrupted.
Cabing precautions:
b the cable length from the AD module to the trip unit must not be longer than 10 m.
45
54440
48/60 V DC
54441
125 V DC
54442
110 V AC
54443
220 V AC
54444
380 V AC
54445
54446
DB117318
DB117317
The STR53UE Micrologic 6.2 and 6.3 trip unit are optionally equipped with ground
fault protection(1).
This can be completed by the ZSI Logic discrimination option.
Micrologic 6.3
Type
Residual current
Tripping threshold
Ig
Accuracy
15 %
Tripping time tg
46
20
80
140
230
350
y 80
y 140
y 200
y 320
y 500
RH328AP
044322
Functions
RH328AP relays
Sensitivit In
Number of thresholds
Early warning
Sensitivity
Time delay
200 ms
Device test
Local
Permanent
Toroid/relay connection
Resetting
Local indication
Insulation fault and toroid link breaking by indicator light
Early warning
Output contact
Fault contact
Number
1 standard
Type A
(mm)
Type OA
(mm)
Type E
(mm)
Dimensions
TA
30
POA
46
TE30
30 (all thresholds)
PA
50
GOA
110
PE50
50 (all thresholds)
IA
80
IE80
MA
120
ME120
SA
200
SE200
GA 300
Ground fault protection by Vigirex and associated toroid controls the breaking device
tripping coil: circuit-breaker or switch controlled.
DB125539
042598
Toroids
Toroids
47
DB125540
Diagram of a standard electrical installation showing most of the cases encountered in real life.
48
Technical data
Masterpact
NT 630 to 1600 A
NW 800 to 6300
Compact NS
1600b to 3200 A
Compact NS
630b to 1600 A
Compact NSX
400 to 630 A
Compact NSX
100 to 250 A
Micrologic 6.0 A
Micrologic 6.0 A
Current limit
Micrologic 6.3
From 0,2 In to In
Micrologic 6.2
From 0,2 In to In
Time delay
Inst. to 0,4 s
Inst. to 0,4 s
TCE
Injustified
Injustified
3P3D, 4P3D
circuit breaker +
Current limit
1200 A (max.*)
10 %
Time delay
Source Ground
Return
TCE
Yes(2)
Current limit
Time delay
(3)
TCW
Zero Sequence
+ MDGF
Micrologic 6.0 A
Micrologic 6.0 A
Micrologic 6.0 A
Micrologic 6.0 A
Micrologic 6.0 A
Micrologic 6.0 A
Micrologic 6.3
Micrologic 6.2
no
no
1200 A
10 %
Inst to 0,4 s (I2t On ou Off)
Yes
Micrologic 6.0 A/P/H
Current limit
0,5 to 30 A
+0-20 %
300 mA to 30 A
30 mA to 3 A
Time delay
600 to 800 ms
Inst. to 0,3 s
Inst. to 0,3 s
TCE
External
Internal
Internal
Compact NS
630b to 1600 A
Compact NSX
400 to 630 A
Compact NSX
100 to 250 A
Technical data
Masterpact
NT 630 to 1600 A
NW 800 to 6300
Compact NS
1600b to 3200 A
30 mA to 250 A
30 mA to 250 A
30 mA to 250 A
30 mA to 250 A
30 mA to 250 A
Time delay
Inst to 1 s
Inst to 1 s
Inst to 1 s
Inst to 1 s Vigi
Inst to 1 s
Toroids 30 to 300 mm
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Compact NS
1600b to 3200 A
Compact NS
630b to 1600 A
Compact NSX
400 to 630 A
Compact NSX
100 to 250 A
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Option zsi
Type of GFP
current range
ZSI
Technical data
Masterpact
NT 630 to 1600 A
NW 800 to 6300
Yes
49
DB125458
Note: the time delay can be large at this level of the installation as the busbars are sized for time
discrimination.
50
DB125449
Implementation examples
Example 2:
The discrimination rules applied to Masterpact NW32 and Compact NS800
result in the settings described in the figure below. The indicated setting allows total
discrimination between the 2 circuit-breakers.
DB125447
Note: time discrimination upstream does not present problems. On the other hand, downstream
time discrimination is only possible with short-circuit protection devices with a rating y than 40 A.
Use of the lt onfunction improves this limit for the gl fuses placed downstream
(see example 1a).
DB125403
Note: although thresholds may be very different (lg = 400 A for NSX400, lg = 30 A for NSX160), it
is necessary to comply with time delay rules between protection devices (index 0.2 for NSX400,
index 0.1 for NSX160).
51
DB125403
DB125541
b The principe.
The Vigirex RH328 AP is installed as generator protection. The principle of this
protection is as follows
v tripping in event of a ground fault upstream (protected area),
v non tripping in event of a ground fault downstream (unprotected area),
b The constraints.
The protection functions must:
v be very fast to avoid deterioration of the generator (and must control stopping and
placing out of operation of the GE),
v be very fast to maintain continuity of supply (and must control the coupling device
of the GE). This function is important in event of parallel-connected generators,
v have an average tripping threshold: normally from
30 A to 250 A. On the other hand, discrimination with the ground fault protections of
the installation is naturally provided (no effect on the unprotected area),
b Setting of the protection device.
Due to the above constraints, setting can be:
v threshold ln: from 30 A to 250 A,
v time delay: instantaneous.
52
Principle
This type of discrimination can be achieved with circuit-breakers equipped with
electronic control units designed for this purpose (Compact, Masterpact): only the
Short Delay protection (SD) or Ground Fault Protection (GFP) functions of the
controlled devices are managed by logic discrimination. In particular, the
instantaneous protection function - intrinsic protection function - is not concerned.
Settings of the controlled circuit-breakers
b time delay: the staging rules of the time delays of time discrimination must be
applied,
b thresholds: there are no threshold rules to be applied, but it is necessary to respect
the natural staging of the ratings of the protection devices (IcrD1 u IcrD2 u IcrD3).
Note: this technique ensures discrimination even with circuit-breakers of similar ratings.
Principle
The logic discrimination function is activated by transmission of information on the
pilot wire:
b ZSI input:
v low level (no faults downstream):
the protection function is on standby with a reduced time delay (y 0.1 s),
v high level (presence of faults downstream): the protection function in question
moves to the time delay status set on the device,
b ZSI output:
v low level: the circuit-breaker does not detect any faults and sends no orders,
v high level: the circuit-breaker detects a fault and sends an order.
Operation
DB125543
Chronogram
Masterpact settings
Time delay
Threshold
index .4
< 1200 A
index .2
DB117328
The downstream Masterpact b also has input ZSI shunted (ZSI input at "1");
consequently it keeps the time delay set in local (index .2) in order to guarantee time
discrimination to the circuit-breakers placed downstream.
Operation
The pilot wire connects the Masterpact in cascade form. The attached chronogram
shows implementation of the ZSI discrimination between the 2 circuit-breakers.
b Case 1
When a fault occurs in A, the 2 circuit-breakers detect it. The Masterpact sends an
order (ZSI output moves to the high level) to the ZSI input of the Masterpact . The
time delay of Masterpact moves to its natural time delay index .4.
Masterpact trips after its time delay (index .2) and eliminates the fault.
b Case 2
The fault is located in B. Masterpact receives no ZSI information (input at low
level). It detects the fault and eliminates it after its ZSI mini time delay of 0,1 s.
The constraints on the busbar are considerably fewer than for implementation of
conventional time discrimination.
b Case 3
In event of an anomaly on circuit-breaker ,protection is provided by the upstream
Masterpact:
v in 0.1 s if the downstream circuit-breaker has not detected the fault,
v at the natural time delay of the upstream Masterpact (0.4 s for our example) if
there is an anomaly of the downstream circuit-breaker (the most unfavourable case).
DB125544
index 0.3
index 0.3
index 0.2
index 0.1
54
55
Notes
56
YFJYVIIVGIT
6FKQHLGHU(OHFWULF
)55(9$
As standards, specifications and designs change from time to time, please ask for confirmation
of the information given in this publication.
This document has been printed on ecological paper.
Design: Schneider Electric
Photos: Schneider Electric
Printed:
06-2009