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Ketone testing:
Ketone testing is also used in type 1 diabetes. Ketones are produced by the
breakdown of fat and muscle. They are harmful at high levels. The Ketone test is done
using a urine sample. Ketone testing is usually done at the following times:
The following tests will help you and your doctor monitor your diabetes and prevent
complications of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes can affect children or adults but was traditionally termed
"juvenile diabetes" because it represents a majority of the diabetes cases in children.
Causes of IDDM:
No one knows exactly what causes IDDM (idiopathic). What is clear is
that the body's own immune or disease-fighting system for some reason turns against the
body's own tissues. Certain substances formed by the immune system attack the beta cells
of the pancreas, destroying their ability to make insulin.
Treatment of IDDM:
• Treatment for IDDM includes a daily routine of insulin shots or use of an insulin
pump.
• Transplantation of Pancreas in some cases.
• A person with IDDM needs to time meals with insulin doses to keep blood
glucose from getting too high or low. The foods you choose can play a role in
controlling blood glucose levels. Increasing the proportion of fiber and complex
carbohydrates in your diet and avoiding refined sugar may aid in reducing drastic
changes in blood glucose and in some people it may permit lowering of insulin
dose.
• Reducing fats and cholesterol can help reduce the risk of heart disease, which
affects people with diabetes more often than those with normal glucose
metabolism.
People with type 2 diabetes may not have symptoms for years or decades, but as the
disease progresses, symptoms develop.
People with type 2 diabetes may have the following signs and symptoms:
• Polyuria.
• Polydypsia.
• Polyphagia.
• There is gradual weight loss.
• Decreased sensation or numbness in the hands and feet.
• Frequent bladder and vaginal infections.
• Male impotence (erectile dysfunction).
• Slow healing of cuts or sores.
• Muscle fatigue, tiredness.
• Pruritis.
• Blurred vision.
Causes of NIDDM:
In type 2 diabetes, either the pancreas does not make enough insulin or body cells
unable to respond insulin properly (insulin resistance). No one knows the exact cause of
type 2 diabetes, but it's more likely to occur in people who are:
• Over 45 years of age.
• Are overweighting (obesity).
• Have a family history of diabetes (genetics).
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Gestational diabetes
• Insulin resistance
• Haemochromatosis
(Iron overload causes pancreas damage that can cause Type 1 or
Type 2 diabetes).
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - ovary cysts inhibit natural female hormones
causing insulin resistance.
• Frequent use of Steroids
• Metabolic syndrome - a syndrome with 4 key features (diabetes, hypertension,
obesity/overweight, and high cholesterol).
Treatment of NIDDM: