2014 SPM BIOLOGY HOTS TOPIC

PAPER II
1. ANIMAL & PLANT CELL (FUNCTION/DENSITY OF ORGANELLES).
CELL/TISSUE/ORGAN/SYSTEM
2. PLASMA MEMBRANE/FLUID MOSAIC MODEL, FACILITATED
DIFFUSION/ACTIVE TRANSPORT.
HIPOTONIC HAEMOLYSIS/TURGOR PRESSURE
HYPERTONIC CRENATION/PLASMOLYSIS
PRESERVATION OF FOOD (SALT/SUGAR/ VINEGAR SOLUTION)
3. REDUCING SUGAR, CONDENSATION OF LIPID, PRODUCTION OF
EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME, LOCK & KEY HYPOTHESIS, USES OF
ENZYMES.
4. CELL CYCLE (MITOSIS/MEIOSIS). CLONNING/TISSUE CULTURE
TECHNIQUES. ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES CLONNING.
CANCER/TUMOR.
5. MALNUTRITION. DIGESTION/ABSORPTION. ASSIMILATION.
PHOTHOSYNTHESIS.
6. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION. INSECT/ HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
EXCHANGE OF GASEOUS. COMPENSATION POINT.
7. NITROGEN CYCLE. COLONISATION & SUCCESSION. COMPETITION.
ESTIMATE POPULATION.
8. DELPETION OF OZONE LAYER. ACID RAIN. THERMAL POLLUTION.
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND.
9. HEART/PACEMAKER. ACTIVE/PASSIVE IMMUNITY. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
ADAPTATIONS PHLEM/XYLEM. MOVEMENT OF WATER. OPENING AND
CLOSING STOMATA.
10. VERTEBRAL COLUMN. BENDING/WALKING MECHANISM. JOINTS.
LOCOMOTION IN FISH / BIRD. TERRESTRIAL / HERBACEOUS PLANT.
11. REFLEX ACTION / SYNAPSE. FIGHT & FLIGHT SITUATION. ALZEIMER &
PARKINSON DISEASE. FORMATION OF URINE. DIALYSIS. GEOTROPISM IN
PLANTS.
12. MENSTRUAL CYCLE. PLACENTA. PREVENTION OF PREGNANCY.
FORMATION OF POLLEN GRAIN. DOUBLE FERTILISATION. SECONDARY
GROWTH IN PLANTS.
13. MONOHYBRID CROSS, ABO BLOOD GROUP. HAEMOPHILIA/COLOR
BLIND. RHESUS FACTOR
14. TYPE OF VARIATION. GENE MUTATION. CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION.

PAPER III
SPOT 1 INVESTIGATING CONTINUOUS & DISCONTINUOUS VARIATION IN
HUMAN.
SPOT 2 TO STUDY HOW HUMIDITY AFFECT THE RATE OF TRANSPIRATION.
SPOT 3 HOW DO INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION AFFECT THE GROWTH OF
MAIZE PLANT
SPOT 4 TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF CARBON CONCENTRATION ON THE RTE OF
PHOTOSYNTESIS
SPOT 5 TO STUDY THE LEVEL OF POLUTION IN SEVERAL DIFFERENT
SOURCES OF WATER (BOD) INI CG HAIRAN, SETIAP TAHUN DITARGET.
DUULU, KINI DAN SELAMANYA. X KLUAR KLUAR LAGI..
SPOT 6 TO INVESTIGATE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INHAED & EXHALED
AIR IN TERMS OF OXYGEN & C.DIOXIDE CONTENT. (J-TUBE EXPERIMENT)
SPOT 7 ESTIMATING THE DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS USING QUADRAT
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE.