References:

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MEDIEVAL HISTORY CONCEPT MAP

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http://www.polyvore.com/cgi/img-thing?.out=jpg&size=l&tid=12009069
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http://www.catholic-truths.com/alone/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/maryoigmnies.jpg
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http://www.medievalcollectibles.com/images/Product/large/MCI-2443-1.png
http://historymedren.about.com/
http://www.besthistorysites.net/index.php/medieval-history
http://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages
Julie Mell
Strong of Body, Brave and Noble":
Chivalry and Society in Medieval

ECONOMY
Late Antiquity
300 - 600

TRANSFORMATION

( 235 - 284 ) Crisis of

3rd century

( 378 ) - The Visigoths

kill Emperor Valens

FAILING ECONOMY OF ROMAN EMPIRE

( 600 - 750 ) 3 sibling cultures arise:
The Byzantine, European, & Islamic Civilizations

CULTURE/INTELLECTUAL
Late Antiquity

Crisis of 3rd century

Diocletian DIVIDES the east and west

EAST
Greek Language

WEST
Latin Language

600 - 700
EMERGENCE

700 - 900
IDENTITY

CHARLEMAGNE
Abolishes the monetrary system
& secures a dependable
European economy

( By 1000 ) Islamic world fragmented into regional powers

900 - 1050
REORDER

1000 - 1350
EXPANSION

The cause of Abbasid weakness:

1. Lack of revenue
2. Devastation of Iraqi economyz
3. Zanj revolt

BARBARIANS
had no common
identity
or
ethnicity

Crisis of 3rd century

through identity among

disparate tribes

CULTURES SUCH AS:

Late Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Celtic,
and Roman Literacy

CULTURAL RENAISSANCE

Letter forms looking ike they are chiseled in stone/purple and gold leaf demonstration

( 800s ) - Cyril & Methodius

create alphabet based off
of Greek letters

( 900-1000 ) Byzantine was a

sprawling, multi-etnic and multilingual empire

2 emperors that ended the crisis of the 3rd century

( 300 - 600 ) women have traditional roles in labor/childcare

Towns found
along rivers

(900 - 1000)
Large scaled centralized
governments dissolved in
the 10th century less
in Byzantium
3 orders of Society:
Nobility, Clergy, & Peasants

PARTIBLE
INHERITANCE:
Inheritances was
split equally
among sons

FORMATION

Historical cause that drove the expansion:

New commercial economy

Agricultural growth/Trade routes

1000 - 1350
MONASTICISM

Economical Shifts

(1300) - THE RENAISSANCE

- Cultural movement in progression of math, art, and science

( 330 ) Visigoths were allies of the empire & fighting with them

( 410 ) Visigoths under Alaric rule, destroy Rome

( 376 ) Visigoths petition, Emperor Valens, for the Empire, attacked by Huns

( 476 ) Barbian General, Odoacer, kills last Roman Emperor

ICONOCLASM
destroyed centers
of resistance to
imperial power
& made Byzantine
people of God

TAGMATA
Helped Byzantine gain a new theme in the
east and expand back into Balkan Peninsula

PRIMOGENITURE
Eldest son takes the lions share

Petrine Doctrine:
Gave the
Bishop of Rome
authority

&

RELIC
fragment of a
holy persons
body/clothing

ICON
image of a
holy person

( 1347 - 1351 ) - BLACK DEATH

Black tumors of bubos that developed on the bodies
of the infected and took to the trade routes

Demographic decline by black

death had short term/long term effects:
- statue of laborers (1351, England)
- opening up of guilds
- better negotiating positions for peasants
- labor shortages
- rise in stand of living

JOAN OF ARC
(1429 ) - Inspired french troops
and turns the tide of war

ISLAM 5 PILLARS OF FAITH:

1. praying 5 times a day
2. tax for charity
3. profession of faith
4. pilgrimage to mecca (the hajj)
5. fasting during Ramadan

ISLAMIC EXPANSION:
( 632 ) - The hinterlands around Mecca, Medina, and Badr, Oman
( 661 ) Arabian peninsula to north African coast around Tripoli to armenia and Persia
( 750 ) Iberian peninsula in the west to buhara, Samarkand and Kabul in the east

( 750 - 900 )
Byzantium transform from
inward/defensive to outward-looking

( 787 )
The 2nd Council of Nicea
=
Iconoclasm

Abbasids establish new

capital in Baghdad after
abandoning Umayyad capital

ABBASIDS
750 Abbasids oust the Umayyad caliphs

( 10th century ) 3 groups invaded Europe

Vikings, Hungarians, Muslims

DYNATOI
Powerful men who challenged the
authority of the Byzantine State

MONGOL EMPIRE
( 1279 ) - Mongols had conquered all of china
( 1243 ) - Mogols took Seljuk Rum
( 1250 ) - Mongol Empire had settled into 4 regional powers
( 1340 ) - Mongol Empire collapse

( 1215 ) - MAGNA CARTA

Origins of state formation
in judicial and financial
institutions feudal roots
of modern representative
assemblies

( 1337 ) - HUNDRED YEARS WAR

Beguines
Lay women working
at humble professions,
living in informal
communities dedicated
to simplicity and piety

Arians believed in God as 3 person

(father, son, holy spirit)

( 570 ) Muhammad is born

( 610 ) - Muhammad receives frist revelations
( 622 ) Hijra flight from Mecca to Medina
( 624 ) Battle of Badr
( 630 ) Muhammad conquers Mecca
( 632 ) death of Muhammad

( 13th Century ) - STATE FORMATION

New relationship between power & land Leads to territorial states in 2 levels:
- National Level Kings began to be seen as reigning over a territory rather
than over a people
- Local Level Peasants began to think of land as real property

Mary of Oignies
female mystic
whose visions focused
on mothering the
Christ-child

( 313 ) Constantine makes Christianity legal under edict of Milan

( 325 ) First Council of Nicea - Solidfy ruler in church affairs
( 391 ) Christianity is made the official relgion of Roman Empire

NEW DYNASTY
The Ottonians were created after death
of last Carolingian king in East

WOMEN IN RELIGOUS REFORMS/REVIVALS

Overall demographic decline due to war, famine, and epidemics

(1315 ) - The Great Famine

CONSTANTINE

( 1031 ) Strong centralized governements

gave way to regional powers

Commericial Growth
=
Urban Development

( 1200 ) - GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

- Flying Buttresses
- Cross RibbinG
- Stained Glass

( 400 ) Whole units of the Roman army were Visigoths

CAROLINGIANS GAIN POWER

Early 700s family monopolize the high office
732 Charles Martel defeats the muslim governor of Al-andalus at the battle of poiters
754 Pippin ill becomes the first Carolingian king, after pope Zacharias gives the green light
768 Charlemagne is crowned king
800- Charlemagne is crowned emperor

Historical cause drove the expansion:

Population Growth

1000 - 1350

( 378 ) Visigoths kill Emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople

Christianity Appears in Palestine, as Jewish following Jesus of Nazareth

3 SIBLING CULTURES ARISE

Expanded outwards through wars of conquest, urban centers grew, waste

land was reclaimed, colonization effords by german speakers expanded
Europe to the east, intellectually and culturally, Europe developed
through the 12th century ranaissance and growth of schools and universities

EARTHENWARE BOWL
- Were used to decorate churches in place
of marble or mosaics
- Were used in kitchens
- Imported from North Africa & deocreated
with pseudo-arabic writing
- Evidence of lively trade between the Islamic
world and medieval west

Integration of Barbarians:
( 250 ) Barbarians plunder Balkans and Anatolia

Eastern Roman Empire - Byzantium - Similar to Old Roman Empire:

1. Ruler is both military and relgious leader
Political rule had fragmented
2. Standing army
and power was held locally in
3. Taxation
Western Europe

( 900 ) - Development of Feudalism

( 1150 ) EXPANSION OF EUROPE

DIOCLETIAN - Split administration into east & west /

created the division of Byzantine Empire & Western Europe
West = Italian Peninsula & East = Balkan Peninsula

3 SIBLING CULTURES ARISE

( after 1000 ) AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

Reclaiming land through draining marshes, trees, erecting dikes

3field rotation system
Heavy, horse-drawn plow

( 300 ) - Christianity & Germanic Tribes

provincialized the Roman Empire

Crisis of 3rd century

( 400s ) Christianity gives women more opportunity in the church

RELIGION

POLITICAL
Late Antiquity

Late Antiquity
Crisis of 3rd century

Christianity adapted mostly by

slaves, middle class, & women

ARAB UNITY

CULTURAL FUSION:
in Europe, displayed through pages of
manuscripts of the lindisfarne Gospels

( 1300 )
Use of money is increasing

( 1025 )
After Charlemagne,
Byzantine gains governmental
control and economy

Late Antiquity

( 624 ) - Muhammad created

3 SIBLING CULTURES ARISE

West Europe changed due to the fall

of The Roman Empire in the West
- The use of money declined &
long distance trade slowed

DEMOGRAPHY FAMILY/GENDER

Clare
founder of order of
sisters of st. francis

War was about 2 conceptions of France

1. A centralized monarchy - the other an association of territories ruled by counts and dukes
2. New military technologies gunpowder fired artillery & long bow
( 1453 ) End of Hundred Years War

Gregorian reform free the church from world, in the end

involved church more deeply in the new world it had help create
( 1054 ) Papal insistence on the doctrine of papal supremacy to
a permanent schism between the roman catholic and the greek
orthodox churches
( 1215 ) 4th lateran council was most important church council
of middle ages

Benedictine Monasticism
Dominant form of monasticism in West Europe
( End of 11th Century ) Reform of Benedictine movement began
CISTERIAN MOVEMENT:

( 14th Century - 15th Century )

East Europe Ottoman turks stormed byzantine empire
West France and England were in hundred years war
( By 1500 )
Ottoman turks created New Islamic empire
Armenia, Serbia, Bulgaria, mongol rum, byzantine empire

- symbolized their rejection of wealth by refusing to dye their habits. Hence

they were known as they white monks
- had extensive ranges or fams that highly productive parts of the
commercial revolution of the high middles ages
- refused to build large, ornate, and decorative churches for elaborate liturgy
- created a new class of monks known as lay brothers who were illiterate
and handled much of the manual labor
FRANCISCANS:

Factors that contributed to the rise of the Ottoman Empire:

- Mongol power was weakening
- Janissaries - professional troops
- Cannons and muskets

founder st. francis of Assisi created a new religious life that rejected
central features of high medieval urban life
- travelled around preaching to lay folks, rather than living in a
monastery and praying
- They embraced voluntary poverty by refusing money, ownership of
property and even cooperate ownership of a monastic complex
( 1378 - 1417 ) - THE GREAT SCHISM:

1350 - 1500
CRISIS & CREATIVITY

Military Expenses

(1300) - Rise of Ottoman Empire

- Failure of the papacy & rise of 3 rival popes - Spiritual Crisis