Professional Documents
Culture Documents
In English &Tamil
Compiled by K.Raman
Table of Contents
1 - ................ 4
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1.2 , , .............................................................. 9
1.3 ?
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1.4 ...................................................................................... 10
1.5 ..................................................................................................................... 11
1.6 ..................................................................................................................... 12
1.7 ......................................................................................................... 13
1.8 ................................................................................... 13
1.10 , ..................................................................................... 15
1.11 ........................................................................................................................ 16
1.12 ? ................................................................... 17
1.13 ? ........................................................................ 18
1.14 ........................................................................................................... 18
1.15 , ....................................... 22
1.16 .................................................................................................... 23
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1.17 ..................................................................................................................... 23
1.18 .................................................................................................................. 24
1.19 ...................................................................................... 25
2 - 14 .................................................................................................. 25
2.1 - ........................................................................... 29
2.2 ? : ............................ 34
2.3 How to Wear a Pancha Kachcham ........................................................................ 40
2.4 How to wear MADISAR .............................................................................................. 57
3 Gaya Sraaddha. ..................................................................................................................... 62
3.1 Pithru Puja at Gaya Vishnu Temple ..................................................................... 62
3.2 SRAADDHA & THARPANAM-PART 1 ..................................................................... 64
3.3 Sraadha Part2 ................................................................................................................ 70
3.4 Mahalaya sraadha and a little bit of Tirtha sraadha and references in
Mahabharata etc on Sraadha .......................................................................................... 76
3.5 Gaya Sraaddha in detail step by step ................................................................. 83
4 - Ammavasi Tharpanam .................................................................................................. 109
4.1 SANKALPAM (TIME, AGE) ...................................................................................... 110
4.2 Yajurveda Ammavasi Tharpana mandram .................................................... 123
4.3 Yajurveda Brahma yagnam mandram & 4.4 Sama Veda Ammavasi
tharpana mandram ............................................................................................................ 129
4.5 Sama Veda Brahma yagnam mandram ........................................................... 136
4.6 Bhadhayana Ammavasai Tharpana mandram .............................................. 138
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and girth of the person) worn in a specific way. The steps below
describe the way as according to Iyers (South Indian Brahmins).
Steps
1 Open the 8 or 9 hands (4 - 4.5 yards )dhoti completely.
2 Hold the dhoti such that you are right down the center of the
dhoti (lengthwise). Both the ends should be free and you should be
holding the dhoti such that there is enough dhoti to go around you
just once.
41
3 Wrap it around you once (as shown) keeping the wrap a little tight
at the stomach portion.
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4 Fold the dhoti a few times so that the it is held firmly at your hip.
5 Take the end that is on top (typically should be the one to your
left); Starting from the end, slowly make folds of about 2 inches
each (kosuval).
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6 Insert the folds into the wrap around the hip (as shown).
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7 Take the breadth portion of the top fold and starting from the end
(so that the border coloring is visible), make similar folds (as
shown).
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8 Insert this second set of folds on top of the previous one (as
shown).
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9 Take the other free end of the dhoti, starting breadthwise, make
similar folds.
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10 Run this between your legs and bring it behind you (as shown).
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12 Insert the new set of folds behind your back (as shown).
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Note: For shardham use only cotton veshti without any silk or
jarighai border.
56
left back in your waist line.(In the direction Left-> Front-> Right->
Left) * Bring it to the front and tuck one edge ( and almost 1/2 way
from that edge) in the front. Make the pleat (width of the saree) and
bring the whole saree to the back under your legs. * Tuck the saree
at the back (waist line). * Bring around the saree thro' your left
after tucking the shorter edge slightly at your right. * Bring the
saree around your body again * Hold it on your left and pass it on to
your right shoulder arranging the border. * Bring the border around
and tuck it in the front.
Vaishnava Madisar.....
Step1: Wrap the saree around the waist with one end of the saree on
the right and the rest of the saree on to the left. Step 2:Tie a knot
firmly around the waist towards your left side with the two portions
of the saree. Step 3: Gather the saree near the waist. Step 4:Tuck a
bit of the saree in (near the right side of the waist) Step 5:Pleat the
saree from the end tucked to the waist Step 6:Tuck the pleats to the
waist firmly. Step 7:Fold the rest of the saree to 4 or 5 folds, each
fold measuring 3/4th of the hand. Step 8: Bring the pleated portion
behind, gathering the folded saree between the legs. Step 9: Arrange
the folds properly.
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Step 12: Make a small tuck in the front to make sure the saree is
firmly around the waist.
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3 Gaya Sraaddha.
3.1 Pithru Puja at Gaya Vishnu Temple
Gaya Vishnu Temple
Gaya is a holy place that came into existence when Lord Vishnu
placed his foot on the demon Gayasur and killed him. It is believed
that Gayasur was so holy that he had the power to relieve people of
their sins and thus after his death, all Gods came down to live at
Gaya. Hence, anybody who steps into Gaya is absolved for his sins.
The most important destination in Gaya for Hindus is the Vishnu
Padha temple.
People come here for a ritual called pinda daanam. Here, history
tells us why people in old days had many children. They gave birth to
so many children with the hope that atleast one of them would to
come to Gaya after their parents death, and perform Shraddha here.
62
sraadha. From this we can see how the 7th house kuja dosham in
Sreerama chart worked!!!
2.19 Intersting facts about Pithru sraadha
2.19.1 In case of a joint family, the eldest and earning male person
should perform Shraddha. In case of the unit family, everyone
should perform shraddha independently. However in Nampoothiri
families all brothers join together irrespective of their family
settlement. Refer Parachi petta Panthirukulam- Pakkanar story.
2.19.2 We follow the concept- Sesame seeds are the favorites of
deceased ancestors' souls. By usage of sesame seeds, the demons
do not obstruct the ritual of Shraddha.
2.19.3 If a particular dead person does not have any relative or a
close person, then it is the duty of the king to perform Shraddha for
that person'.
2.19.4. Normally every year Shraddha should be performed on the
date of death of the person (as per the Hindu calendar and not as
per the English calendar.) If the date is not known and only the
month is known, then in that case the shraddha can be performed on
the no moon night of that month. If both, the date as well as the
month is unknown then the shraddha can be performed on the no
moon night of the Hindu calendar month of Magh or Margashirsha.
Nairs in Kerala perform Karkitaka vavu bali following this as their
principle. Here as going to tell in the next para women too perform
Bali. It may be interesting among Kerala Nampoothiries married
women too perform bali. They women too observe the Pulai for 10
days un like iyers and Iyengars after marriage. It is mentioned that
the daughter, wife, mother and daughter-in- law of the deceased
person have the authority to perform Shraddha.
2.20. Time of performing sraadha?
75
The abode for deceased ancestors' souls remains vacant till the Sun
moves from Virgo and Libra sign to the Scorpio sign.
The abode for deceased ancestors' souls remaining vacant during
this period implies that the deceased ancestors' souls come closer to
their descendants for blessing them and if Shraddha is not
performed, they give curse to their descendants and return. Due to
this it is important to perform Shraddha during this period.
3.3 Theertha Sraadha- Gaya sraadha
The soul could be freed from the agonies of Hell and sent to Heaven
by performing Gaya-Shraddha within this area. Gaya has been
named after the demon Gaya sura.
Most Hindus visit Gaya to offer pitru sraddha or pindas and pray for
the salvation of their ancestors' souls. on the banks of the Phalgu
around which the ancient town of Gaya was built, is the Vishnupada
temple. It is said to have been built over a footprint of Vishnu on
solid rock.
In the Indian civilization, on the anniversary of the death of one's
father, for example, one is expected to perform a ritual called
sraddha in memory of one's ancestors. Hindus often travel, for the
performance of this ritual, to the ancient city of Gaya. If one can
perform sraddha at Gaya, it is believed that one's forefathers will be
liberated from their spirit-bodies.
One remembers that Khudiram, the father of Sri Ramakrishna, was
at Gaya performing the rituals associated with the veneration of his
ancestors when he experienced the dream indicating the birth in his
family of a divine child.
3.4 Do sanyasi perform Sraadha?
No I s the answer after becoming a sanyasi.. When one takes the
vow of sannyasa one cuts oneself off forever from one's physical
descendance; but before one does so, one respectfully offers a long
77
3.11 Is it a delusion to think that the Pitrus will get more peace by
spending money and conducting elaborate sraadha?
Yes. It is a delusion to think that the Pitrus will get more peace by
spending money. Money does not count for the ease of the Pitrus,
but the intensity of faith (Bhava) with which the Shraadh is
performed counts
3.12 Do the immersing of ashes in river/ sea has any sanctity?
Since the river moves constantly towards the sea where all the
waters of its various tributaries mingle, it is believed that it will also
carry the ashes of the dead to their final resting place, reintegrating
them once again with the creator, the ocean from which
all life began In Hinduism, the river Ganga is personified as a
goddess. People travel from distant places to immerse the ashes of
their kin in the waters of the Ganga; this immersion also is believed
to be deemed worthy. This tradition is dating back thousands of
years.
Apart from River Ganges, ashes are also scattered on the waters of
many India's sacred rivers, like Yamuna and Godavari, Brahmputra,
etc. at places like Nasik, Vridavan, Somnath, etc.
According to the principal of Hinduism, followed by the Krishna
movement, the immersion or scattering of ashes on the sacred river
is a symbol of the soul's journey towards uninterrupted journey to
salvation.
As the Ganges brought to life the ashes of Bhagiratha's ancestors, so
all Hindus believe that if the ashes of their dead are deposited in
the river, they will be ensured a smooth transition to the next life,
or freed from the cycle of death and rebirth
81
Gaya Sraaddha
Accordingly my program we being Smaarthas was modelled on
the following lines:
Reach Varanasi at 8 am travelling by Ganga Kaveri Express from
Chennai
Day 1: Visit temples, tour Varanasi and participate in the Ganga
Harati at night
Day 2: Leave for Prayaag by Road, about 125 km. away, early
morning and return to Va-ranasi the same night
84
Day 3: Perform Ganga snana (bathe in the river Ganga) under the
Mahasankalpa, do Tirtha Sraaddha etc., at Kasi, leave for Gaya (240
km. away) in the evening by Road and reach in about 7 hrs
Day 4: Perform Gaya sraaddha, starting at 7 am and concluding by 5
30 pm, get back to Varanasi by midnight
Day 5: Perform Pancha Ganga ghat sraaddha and Dampati puja
(worship by a couple), and fly back to Chennai after lunch and reach
the same evening
Pilgrims to Gaya can avail themselves of the services of purohits and
guides who will help them perform pitru karma as specified. All that
is required of the Karta is sincere and steadfast focus on doing the
karma. You can in fact experience the awesome power of our pitrus
when you under-take a Gaya trip they make sure that you conduct
the entire pilgrimage with comfort and with-out any hitch. The
active participation of the kartas wife is absolutely essential for the
success of a Gaya sraaddha. Generally for proper fulfilment of any
vaidika karma the lady of the house has to be totally involved, but
this is even more crucial for Gaya pilgrimage. It just wont do if the
karta decides to undertake the tour the wifes willing cooperation
is a must. The benefits to the lady from actively enjoining the efforts
of her husband in a Gaya sraaddha are immense: it has far-reaching
favourable impact on her health and the well-being of her family.
The position allot-ted to women in our Sastras is truly exalted.
Another sine qua non for a satisfactory Gaya sraaddha is total and
unquestioning trust that our pitrus exist, albeit in a different form,
that we can communicate with them and seek their blessings, and
that they are in some respects Godlike and can give us the boons we
ask for. Gaya sraad-dha is not to be done out of fear that pitrus will
otherwise curse us no! We have to learn to view them as our
friends and facilitators for leading the Brahmins life as ordained, to
the extent feasible in todays world. We should know and believe
that the pitrus will sense our visit to Gaya even as we are packing
85
our bags and will be ready to receive and accept our karmas. The
con-tentment of pitrus from our deeds results in an impressive
basket of goodies for us health for the karta and his family,
progeny, knowledge and wisdom, and wealth and prosperity.
If my writing of this booklet gives a fresh impetus to persons who
are thinking of a trip to Gaya and makes them act on it with
anticipation and joy, I shall consider it a job well done.
I pray Almighty to bestow health, happiness and prosperity on
everyone.
Sarma Sastrigal
..WE SHOULD KNOW AND BELIEVE THAT THE PITRUS WILL SENSE
OUR VISIT TO GAYA EVEN AS WE ARE PACKING OUR BAGS AND
WILL BE READY TO RECEIVE AND ACCEPT OUR KARMAS
The very mention of Gaya invokes in us a sense of devotion suffused
with pride and excitement. It is every sons duty to go to Gaya after
the demise of his parents and con-duct Gaya sraaddha. Apart from
delighting the pitrus his act bestows eminence on his family as well.
Jeevator vaakya karanaat,
Pratyaabdam Bhuri bhojanaat,
Gayayaam pinda daanaat,
tribhi: putrasya putrata
say the Sastras. When the parents are alive, obey their commands.
When they die, perform their annual sraaddha properly. And go to
Gaya and offer pindas for them. You can be called a son to your
parents only when you do all these three things. Gaya is in the state
of Bihar. It is located on the Kolahaala Mountain in a beautiful place
called Champaka. God is ensconced here as Gadaadhara. How many
sraaddhas do you have to do at Gaya? As per the sastras you will
86
87
Buddha Gaya: If you have the time and the inclination, do visit Buddha Gaya and the Bodhi tree under which Gautam Buddha got his
realization. You can also go to the Buddha temple in this place.
Pratyabdika sraaddha and Gaya Sraaddha: A word about this. It is
absurd to think that doing Gaya sraaddha exempts you from do-ing
pratyabdika sraaddha or the annual ceremonies for your de-parted
parents. This is quite contrary to what the sastras say. If you have a
stupendous feast at a five-star hotel one day, dont you need to eat
the next day or for the rest of your life? Sraaddha at Gaya is a very
fulfilling ritual, and one should try to do it in ones lifetime. But it
has no correlation to the pratyabdika sraaddha that you have to do
annually. The annual ceremony has to be done, and there is no
exception. When you complete the Gaya sraaddha and touring
around Gaya, you will find it difficult to leave Gaya, the place renowned as Pitru Kshetra. We had to be literally wrenched away,
for the second leg of our tour Kasi, which we reached after
midnight, leaving Gaya at 6:30 in the evening.
PRAYAAG (TRIVENI SANGAMAM)
Prayaag derives its name from a magnificent Yaga conducted in this
city by Brahma with three agnis (fires) Aahavaneeyam in the
east, Gaarhapatyam in the west and Dakshinaagni is the south.
Prayaag, also called Tretagni Prayaag for this reason, is situated to
the west of Ganga, north of Yamuna and south of Akshaya Vata. The
Rig Veda accords Prayaag a very special place. Bhagiratha, as we all
know, was responsi-ble for bringing Ganga to the earth. Thanks to
his prodigious achievement, not only did the pitrus of Bhagiratha but
those of countless other human beings since then have been blessed
by Ganga Mata. When we read some of the Rigs in Rig Veda about
Triveni Sangam, or the confluence of Yamuna and Ganga, which
generated from the head of Lord Shiva, we can sense the greatness
of Prayaag.
91
Collecting Ganga Jal (water from Ganga): It is here that you collect
Ganga Jal or the water of sacred Ganga and not in Kasi, as some
people believe. You get containers of all shapes and sizes here itself,
and the shopkeeper seals the container for you after you have filled
it. To get Ganga Jal, your boatman takes you a little further into the
river after you finish your bath, and you collect the sacred water of
Ganga in the receptacle you may have brought. It is believed that
after the bath you should discard the dhoti, saree and blouse etc.
you had worn.
The legend of Prayaag:
After the 18-day war of Mahabharat Yudhishtra takes a tally of lives
lost in the war on either side. When he realizes that along with his
brothers he has been responsible for the deaths of countless blood
relations of theirs, he is dumbstruck by the enormity of the sin that
would accrue to them. He seeks from Markandeya the way for
absolution of the sins.
Markandeya tells Yudhishtra that going to Prayaag is the surest
nay, the only way to ab-solve himself and his brothers of the killing
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Kumbh Mela
The Kumbh Mela is one of the most prestigious happenings at
Prayaag. It occurs once in 12 years, the precise date being decided
by stellar configuration, and is simultaneously held at Nasik,
Hardwar and Ujjain. The legend of Kumbh Mela is interesting.
millions to take the holy dip on such occasions and seek absolution
for their misdoings.
In the Mahabharata, Pulastya Maharishi expounds the beneficial
value and powers of a holy dip in Triveni Sangam. Prayaag is
referred to in a couple of other places as well.
If you have the time and the inclination, the following spots in
Prayaag are worth a visit:
Bharadwaja Ashram
Veni Madhava temple
Akshaya Vata
Adi Sankara temple (Kanchi mutt)
Hanuman temple
KASI (VARANASI)
97
The sacred river Ganga comes to our mind as soon as we say Kasi
or Varanasi. Though Ganga is revered as holy wherever she flows,
nowhere is Ganga snana (bathing in the River Ganga) more sacred
than at Kasi.
Three Vaidika karmas are preeminent at Kasi:
Ganga snana
Tirtha sraaddha
Darshan of Annapoorna Visalakshi sameta Viswanatha Swami and of
Kala Bhairava
Ganga, the perennial river, sanctifies everyone who bathes in it. She
absolves you of sins accu-mulated over the years, asking in return
for just one thing from you: humility and unquestioning devotion.
The mere sight of Ganga gives you peace and tranquillity, helps you
find answers for umpteen problems you face in day-to-day life, and
most important makes you take your first steps in spiritual
awakening. Kasi, after all, means light so here is where you see
the light. We took our Ganga snana at Kedar Ghat, collected Ganga
water in pots and came to our place of stay to perform Tirtha
Sraaddha immediately. This is the recommended routine.
Tirtha Sraaddha: This sraaddha is like any pratyabdika sraaddha
(annual death ceremony that we do or deceased parents). Except for
a slightly different sankalpa, the procedures are similar. Five
Brahmins are invited for the bhojana (eating).
Pancha Ganga Sraaddha: This sraaddha involves pinda pradaana at
five ghats while you are in motion that is, on a boat ride, sitting in
the boat itself. On the appointed dates we cook pindams, take and
keep them in a boat, and offer 17 pindams at each of the five ghats
with pinda pradaana sankalpa. Ubhaya-vamsa tila tarpana has also
to be done this is the tarpana for pitrus of the vamsas of both the
husband and wife. Occasionally the placid Ganga gets flooded and
the authorities refuse permission for doing the pancha Ganga
sraaddha in motion, from the boat. This happened to us,
unfortunately. We therefore had to engage a rickshaw, go to each of
the ghats and perform the pinda pradaana and tarpana on the
shores.
Kasi
Boat rides on the Ganga: The predominant emotion you have when
you go for a boat ride on the Ganga is devotion or bhakti. It is
nothing short of a spiritual experience and involves the darshan or
viewing of all the 64 ghats slowly, one by one. The boatman takes us
to within 100 feet of every single ghat, and the names of all ghats
99
We started our ride with Asi Ghat and I remember some names:
Tulsi, Riwa, Chasing, Anadamayi, Kedar, Tripura Bhairavi, Hanuman,
Vijayanagar, Chowki, Kshemeswar, Mansarovar, Narada, Pandya,
Munshi, Darbhanga, Ahilya-bai, Seetala, Dasaashwamedha, Prayaag,
Manmandir, Mir, Lalita, Manikarnika, Durga, Brahma, Lal, Trilochan,
Naya, Raj, Prahlad, Harishchandra....
Manikarnika Ghat: This is a cremation ghat, to which dead bodies are
brought, presumably of people dying in Kasi. We do not hear
100
lamentations and sorrowful crying when bodies are received here for
cremation: only chants of Rama nama or salutations to Mahadeva.
The body is first immersed in the Ganga, and after it dries the
paanda does the cremation to the accompaniment of mantras. In a
short while the body is reduced to ashes, which are then im-mersed
in the Ganga.
Harishchandra Ghat is another such cremation ghat. Despite seeing
death and karmas for departed souls all around you, you never feel
the heaviness or trepidation that death usually evokes. Instead your
mind switches to the philosophical mode, about the inevitability of
death and what you can and should do in your lifetime to make sure
of a safe passage for your soul after death. This is a truly defining
moment in ones life.
As you travel across Kasi on the boat along the river, you wonder if
it is Ganga that adds piety to Kasi, or it is the other way round. As
you debate this within yourself, the truth dawns on you the two
are seamlessly intertwined and the sanctity is a blend that owes as
much to Kasi as it does to Ganga Mata. The other striking feature of
Kasi, which has been written and argued about endlessly by
different people with different personal agendas, is the es-sential
purity of the Ganga. The river presents a weird coexistence of the
sublime and the earthy: you see scenes of Harati and pious offerings
immersed in the river, and at the same time bodies being burnt and
ashes immersed, people bathing and washing their dirt into Ganga,
and the waste of the town merging into the river.
How can Ganga be then called pure? It is not even clean, let alone
pure. My wife instinc-tively asked me this question as a welter of
happenings around her. I could offer only one response: with all the
impurities dissolving into the waters of Ganga, do we ever hear of
anyone being infected as a result of a dip in Ganga? At least I have
not. Is that a clinching argument in favour of Gangas chastity? I
think so. I dont know.
101
in the third and final leg of the pilgrimage for doing abhisheka of
Ramanatha Swami. This ancient proc-ess has endured down the
ages and is followed even today.
Kayiru, Kasi Sombu and other memorabilia that you may have
bought for your friends and relatives.
it is absurd to think that doing Gaya Sraaddha exempts you from
doing pratyabdika sraaddha or the annual ceremonies for your
departed parents
TIPS/NOTES
Advance planning
For a package tour of Gaya, Kasi and Prayaag, you are well-advised
to keep Kasi as the centre-point or hub and decide the place of stay
at Kasi well in advance. Similarly, it is important to know the cost
options and match option that best fits your budgetary and other
constraints. You should keep as little room as possible for on-thespot deci-sions, because these can prove prohibitively costly.
Sequence
And please remember the sequence: Prayaag, Gaya and Kasi is the
right order in which you should undertake the pilgrimage. And
without including the travel days, the minimum time you should set
aside for the entire program is five days, preferably six.
Dana materials including Veshti
For the Paarvana Sraaddha at Gaya and Prayaag you may take the
dhotis (9x5 ve-shti) to offer to vidhikaas there instead of buying
them there, as it could save you quite a penny. You may require 12
dhotis in all. You may also buy and take dana materials like tirtha
patra etc. from home if you so wish. For the Dampati Puja at Kasi
again, you may want to take the required items sari and related
clothing, metti (ornament for the toes), tirumangalyam (ornament
around the neck) and other mangala dravyas (pristine articles for
good augury) from home after buying them locally where you live,
105
instead of buying them in Kasi. Some people pay money in lieu of the
materials.
Importance of local Purohits
Some devotees take their own Vadhyar (Family sastrigal) along with
them for the entire tour, and offer them Acharya Sambhavana on
return. This is perfectly in order; but at different places on the tour
the karmas have to be carried out only with the local pandits/vadhyars at the respective places.
Ganga Jal
106
second, where you are not sure of the process, go with your guides
directions and in the absence of these, simply listen to your heart
and do its bid-ding.
Mangalani Bhavanthu
Video link:
Gaya Shraddham
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wc1o7MncffU
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4 - Ammavasi Tharpanam
Saints, sages and other experts have always stressed on the
importance of Amavasya tharpanam. In simple terms, tharpanam
usually means offering something to ones ancestral beings so as to
satisfy them. Many believe that tharpanam is as important as any
other worship procedure. Tharpanam which is carried out on the day
of Amavasya is known as Amavasya tharpanam.
In case you already know the traditional way of doing tharpanam
along with the traditional mantras or if you are a man of family
traditions who believes in certain practices carried out by your
family members, you should follow your traditional practices. On the
other hand, if you are not sure about how to do tharpanam in order
to satisfy your dead ancestors, here is an easy way to do so.
Amavasya tharpanam done in this way consists of two different
parts. One is pitru tharpanam and the other one is karunya
tharpanam.
According to the first method, one needs to pay many spiritual debts
everyday. One such debt is what we have to pay to our ancestors.
Pitru tharpanam done on the day of Amavasya is one such way to
pay this debt. This worship procedure does not take much time and
can be done within ten minutes or so.
Going by the names, Pitru Tharpanam means to satisfy ones
ancestors. In this part of tharpanam, we offer tharpanam to 12 of
our recently departed ancestors. These may be your parents,
grandparents and so on. People in your parental lines are the only
ones who are included in this tharpanam. So, uncles, aunts or
cousins are excluded from Pitru tharpanam worship. They are
however included when we perform karunya tharpanam.
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111
112
Samvatsaras
Number
Name (IAST)
1. Prabhava
2. Vibhava
3. ukla
4. Pramodadta
5. Prajpati
6. grasa
7. rmukha
8. Bhva
9. Yuva
10. Dht
11. vara
12. Bahudhnya
13. Pramthi
14. Vikrama
15. Va
16. Chitrabhnu
17. Subhnu
18. Traa
19. Prthiva
20. Vyaya
21. Sarvajit
22. Sarvadhrin
23. Virodhin
24. Vikti
25. Khara
26. Nandana
27. Vijaya
Current cycle
1987-1988 AD
1988-1989 AD
1989-1990 AD
1990-1991 AD
1991-1992 AD
1992-1993 AD
1993-1994 AD
1994-1995 AD
1995-1996 AD
1996-1997 AD
1997-1998 AD
1998-1999 AD
1999-2000 AD
2000-2001 AD
2001-2002 AD
2002-2003 AD
2003-2004 AD
2004-2005 AD
2005-2006 AD
2006-2007 AD
2007-2008 AD
2008-2009 AD
2009-2010 AD
2010-2011 AD
2011-2012 AD
2012-2013 AD
2013-2014 AD
113
Prior cycle 1
1927-1928 AD
1928-1929 AD
1929-1930 AD
1930-1931 AD
1931-1932 AD
1932-1933 AD
1933-1934 AD
1934-1935 AD
1935-1936 AD
1936-1937 AD
1937-1938 AD
1938-1939 AD
1939-1940 AD
1940-1941 AD
1941-1942 AD
1942-1943 AD
1943-1944 AD
1944-1945 AD
1945-1946 AD
1946-1947 AD
1947-1948 AD
1948-1949 AD
1949-1950 AD
1950-1951 AD
1951-1952 AD
1952-1953 AD
1953-1954 AD
28. Jaya
29. Manmatha
30. Durmukha
31. Hemalambin
32. Vilambin
33. Vikrin
34. rvarin
35. Plava
36. ubhakt
37. obhana
38. Krodhin
39. Vivvasu
40. Parbhava
41. Plavaga
42. Klaka
43. Saumya
44. Sdhraa
45. Virodhakt
46. Paridhvin
47. Pramdin
48. nanda
49. Rkasa
50. Nala/Anala
51. Pigala
52. Klayukta
53. Siddhrthin
54. Raudra
55. Durmati
56. Dundubhi
57. Rudhirodgrin
58. Raktkin
59. Krodhana/Manyu
60. Kaya
2014-2015 AD
2015-2016 AD
2016-2017 AD
2017-2018 AD
2018-2019 AD
2019-2020 AD
2020-2021 AD
2021-2022 AD
2022-2023 AD
2023-2024 AD
2024-2025 AD
2025-2026 AD
2026-2027 AD
2027-2028 AD
2028-2029 AD
2029-2030 AD
2030-2031 AD
2031-2032 AD
2032-2033 AD
2033-2034 AD
2034-2035 AD
2035-2036 AD
2036-2037 AD
2037-2038 AD
2038-2039 AD
2039-2040 AD
2040-2041 AD
2041-2042 AD
2042-2043 AD
2043-2044 AD
2044-2045 AD
2045-2046 AD
2046-2047 AD
114
1954-1955 AD
1955-1956 AD
1956-1957 AD
1957-1958 AD
1958-1959 AD
1959-1960 AD
1960-1961 AD
1961-1962 AD
1962-1963 AD
1963-1964 AD
1964-1965 AD
1965-1966 AD
1966-1967 AD
1967-1968 AD
1968-1969 AD
1969-1970 AD
1970-1971 AD
1971-1972 AD
1972-1973 AD
1973-1974 AD
1974-1975 AD
1975-1976 AD
1976-1977 AD
1977-1978 AD
1978-1979 AD
1979-1980 AD
1980-1981 AD
1981-1982 AD
1982-1983 AD
1983-1984 AD
1984-1985 AD
1985-1986 AD
1986-1987 AD
(Ri)
tu
Gregorian
Saura Msa
Tamil name
Sidereal Vedic Zodiac
(season)
Tropical months
(solar months)
Mea
Mar-Apr
Aries
Vasanta
(spring)
Vabha
Apr-May
Taurus
Mithuna
May-June
Gemini
Grma
(summer)
Karkaa
June-July
Cancer
Siha
July-Aug
Leo
Var
(monsoon)
Kany
Aug-Sept
Virgo
Tul
Sept-Oct
Libra
arad
(Autumn)
Vcika
Oct-Nov
Scorpius
Dhanu
Makara
Kumbha
Mna
Hemanta
(Winter)
iira
(Cold)
Nov-Dec
Dec-Jan
Jan-Feb
Feb-Mar
Sagittarius
Capricornus
Aquarius
Pisces
115
Tamil name
Celestial object
Nyayiru
Sunday/dies Solis
Ravi = Sun
Thingal
Monday/dies Lunae
Soma = Moon
Chevvai
Tuesday/dies Martis
Magala = Mars
Budan
Wednesday/dies Mercurii
Budha = Mercury
Vyazhan
Thursday/dies Iovis
Deva-Guru
Bhaspati =
Jupiter
Velli
Friday/dies Veneris
ukra = Venus
(indu vsaram)
(bhauma vsaram)
(saumya vsaram)
4
(guru vsaram)
(bhrgu vsaram)
6
116
(sthira vsaram)
Sani
Saturday/dies Saturnis
ani = Saturn
Malayalam name
Sanskrit
Tamil name
Avin
Ashvati
Bhara
Bharai
Kttik
Krttika
Rohi
Rhii
Mgairas
Makayiram
rdr
tira or Tiruvtira
()
Thiruvdhirai
Punarvasu
Puartam
Puya
Punarpoosam
Pyam
Ale
/
Poosam
yilyam
10
Magh
Ayilyam
Makam
11
Magam
Pram
Pooram
117
Aswini
Barai
Krthikai
Rhii
Mirugasridam
12
Utram
Uthiram
13
Hasta
Attam
14
Citr
Astham
Chittira (Chitra)
()
15
Svti
Chithirai
Chti
16
Vikha
Swathi
Vishkham
17
Anurdh
Visakam
Anizham
18
Jyeha
Anusham
Ka (Trikka)
()
19
Mla
Kettai
Mlam
20
Prvha
Pram
21
Uttarha
Utram
22
ravaa
Tiruvnam
()
23
ravih or Dhaniha
or
Aviam
24
atabhiak or atatrak
/
Aviam
Chatayam
25
Prva Bhdrapad
Sadayam
Pruruti
26
Uttara Bhdrapad
/
Uttti
27
Revat
Rvati
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Mlam
Pradam
Uthirdam
Tiruvnam
Pradhi
Uttdhi
Rvathi
RASIS
Each star has 4 Padhas. Hence we have 27 x 4 - 108 Padhas. Then,
9 Padhas consists of 1 Rasi. We have total 12 Rasis. They are:
1. Mesham - Aries = Consists of Asvini - 4; Apa Bharani - 4; Krithika 1
2. Rishabam - Taurus = Consists of Krithika - 3; Rohini - 4; Mriga
Seersha - 2
3. Midhunam - Gemini = Consists of Mriga Seersha - 2; Ardhra - 4;
Punarvasu - 3
4. Karkidakam - Cancer = Consists of Punarvasu - 1; Pushyam - 4;
Achlesha - 4
5. Simham - Leo = Consists of Magam - 4; Poorva Phalguni - 4;
Uthira Phalguni - 1
6. Kanni - Virgo = Consists of Uthira Phalguni - 3, Hastham - 4;
Chithira - 2
7. Thulam - Libra = Consists of Chithira - 2; Svathee - 4; Visaka - 3
8. Vrischigam - Scorpio = Consists of Visaka - 1; Anuradha - 4;
Jyeshta - 4
9. Dhanusu - Sagitarius = Consists of Moola - 4; Poorvashada - 4;
Uthira Shada - 1
10. Makaram - Capricorn = Consists of Uthirashada - 3, Sravana - 4,
Sravishta - 2
11. Kumbam - Aquarious = Consists of Sravishta - 2; Sadabishak - 4;
Poorva Prosta Pada - 3
119
(Sarvajith)
1948)
Name
1948)
(Sarvadhari)
120
121
5) Sankalpa Months:
1. Chitirai - Mesham 2. Vaikasi - Rishabam 3. Aani - Mithunam 4.
Aadi - Kadakam 5. Aavani - Simham 6. Puratasi - Kanni 7. Iypasi Tulam 8. Karthigai - Virchikam 9. Markazhi = Dhanur 10. Thai Makaram 11. Masi - Kumbam 12. Panguni Meenam
6) Sankalpa Week:
Sunday = Bhanu Vasara; Monday = Indu/Soma Vasara; Tuesday =
Bhowma Vasara; Wednesday = Soumya Vasara; Thursday = Guru
Vasara; Friday = Brugu Vasara; Saturday = Sthira Vasara
7) Sankalpa Nakshatram:
1. Aswini 2. Bharani 3. Krithika 4. Rohini 5. Mruga Seersha 6. Ardhra
7. Punarvasu 8. Pushyam 9. Aslesha 10. Maka 11. Purva Phalguni 12.
Uthira Phalguni 13. Hastha 14. Chitra 15. Swathi 16. Visaka 17.
Anuradha 18. Jyeshta 19. Moola 20. Poorvashada 21. Uthirashada
22. Sravana 23. Sravishta 24. Sadhabishak 25. Poorva Prosta Padha
26. Uthira Prosta Padha 27. Revathi
The ecliptic is divided into 27 nakshatras, which are variously called
lunar houses or asterisms. These reflect the moon's cycle against the
fixed stars, 27 days and 7 hours, the fractional part being
compensated by an intercalary 28th nakshatra. Nakshatra
computation appears to have been well known at the time of the Rig
Veda (2nd1st millennium BCE).
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
Lunar eclipse is visible in your country and at what time and write
to me .If it is not visible in your country , you need not observe it. I
shall send you the Sankalpa manthram)
9-5-2013 Sarva Amavasya
Vijaya nama samvathsare ,utharayane , vasantha rithou, Mesha
mase , Krishna pakshe, adhya Amavasyam punya thidhou , Guru
vasara yukthayam, Apa Bharani nakshatra yukthayam, shubhayoga,
shubhaKarana evam guna viseshena, visishtayam asyam
amavasyam punya thidhou, amavasya punyakale, darsa sradham ,
thilatharpana roopena adhya karishye
(Amavasya is up to 6.00 AM next day (afterwards Prathama) and
Apabharani is up to 8.21 AM (afterwards Kruthiga))
8-6-2013 Sarva Amavasya
Vijaya nama samvathsare ,utharayane , vasantha rithou, Rishabha
mase , Krishna pakshe, adhya Amavasyam punya thidhou , Sthira
vasara yukthayam, Rohini nakshatra yukthayam, shubhayoga,
shubhaKarana evam guna viseshena, visishtayam asyam
amavasyam punya thidhou, amavasya punyakale, darsa sradham ,
thilatharpana roopena adhya karishye
(Amavasya is up to 9.27 PM on that day (afterwards Prathama) and
Rohini is up to 8.10 PM (afterwards Mrugaseersha))
7-7-2013 Sarva Amavasya
Vijaya nama samvathsare ,utharayane , Grreeshma rithou,
Mithuna mase , Krishna pakshe, adhya Chathurdasyam punya
thidhou(upto 11.10 Am after wards Amavasya) , Bhanu vasara
yukthayam, Mrigasira nakshatra yukthayam (up to 6.30 Am,
afterwards Arudra Nakshatram ) , shubhayoga, shubhaKarana evam
guna viseshena, visishtayam asyam amavasyam punya thidhou,
amavasya punyakale, darsa sradham , thilatharpana roopena adhya
karishye
150
151
152
154
changed as under.
In amavasya tharpanam the sankalpam will be :
" ... Amavasya punya kaale dharsha shradham thila tharpana
roopena karishye "
In Chandra Grahana Tharpanam :
" ... Somoparaka punyakaale somoparaka chradham thila tharpana
roopena karishye "
.
, ,
, ,
.
.
.
.
. ,
, ,
,
.
.
158
.
.
.
http://www.mediafire.com/?djji4i4pmlibw
159