Lectine 11 Ree ate Cenaanlat Seve ba Ren cliche, eh Lhin cheration of mubbiphccaton of. aral numba, (which one dimiba. to the horacriskics of multipbicalion of familia Ci) XB = BX. ( Paeof For the pavop, we dave te Conridr variens foaschibslies ; (1), kas & posibine acal number ¢ de. hyo) & Pwa poscbve neck number (e870): ule koe au (at) CA) SS ia Q-ucat ht) (ABU {h.a.e} TO a eee au Cbtat) GA) vftae} San eae As nalioral aumbe.r at & Lt alefenilely obey Commundabiane Laur for mullkiplccotion, +e Slanrce- ae ae eee atht 2 bta’, Merely implying that Cit bandlass A Xp js egal tp ageRandchass of BX. Hence, Une Reghde Romd classes of HB art PX wl dlrs Conecde, (as Bight Lan clans f ape Aw Left hard char 4 “fP, Right Lowc class oh PX = @~ lett tad clase of (x ), TReefere +e Com dog Hyakevery hemenk of Bt tora chase | e aa t ppd AAS rere. sale hand clan 4 “ps oa > A ra alee an element rught tana class 4 fr ope Bx, Chg oleferilen), (2), 4>0, Pea negative acal nuombe (4.e.p <0); Now Be -86 5D. Let -B =f , ( Xp plo, op possi hilly t) Om Merchoae — &pl=- pe, S “xp = aes. cdg C114) amet (11.29) (3) 460, BIO: We Lave, dy. posacbility 2, Cy toler cham gung roles of & £B), po = “0, —-B>O. Lek aw. ot! — p> By (4.2. 179, p’p9) 2 then -(-e¢)e- ede KEM, & Ormilarby theukon tee a CP = #'B', Cy definition) (11.3) pe Gp eH = Bd’, Cy defenibon). (11-4) ieee pap.ere Bae A170, pire > Hp pla’, Cy posschbity 1, and Mercfore : xp BH, chy 11.3) & O14. 49). @) Lashly up any ore ot x ow B 2 O, COR MOM wOD: rt lA ww (Thus we hove come mubebivily for \8 1° Gi) &(By)= @& pry, Cre relte bb cab of neal munch in Aarsoeative), (Pasof : well, J will pive ib ae 4 problem om Kilorral chase.) Read ublrvee| 237 F Gi) &xt eX (Pawel Foe the barefe Aare alse, + will consiole Varios fossil btiés | abr x * (1) 470: a u (At) (a) oa (6) a7 UC) (a) x <1 1 231Coe fat: o €.@. ae 614.10) at , Furtlre at alt i bvicnely & Aosibore, national number Therefore dog 6M 10), we Com dag Hale a 2 ch), (11.1 at ond hence, by (11.9), we i+ at tpt a cs (4 Lt), Lave a . Cat ht). (11.12) New, dy (14.7) ama (1112), Are have Cat) ec Cats), 611.13) Furthe , kek ct (= ath’, ay) é cat ht), (11.14) Bat bt 2 Cb) Lt et, atech cupbies ALaleGp atlt cat, 4.2 - GE on F Chy (11.14)). C11.415) 4 Bat, a5 Ate (A), At Com aay , dy (11.45), that epare (C4), ond be erefore Ce cat (a ct nd--a: cea Crabonal mumbo whe, ny 11.14), cmplees thal cat ht) ca (at). Hone, Ay (11.13), +e Can aay that (A) = CAT Le) dal numbers d arc x1, Comede Acton denply : Dheees apper Ghasse all alee concede, therelry Leadeng te the concbuaion OKA @« 0, Owd Abvewfore lix4 x“! (ty posethbdly 1). Here, by (1.102, we fave axt = — aX! = wt, @ 420: Reswtk follows oy, chefinilior anv Auch Re Cie le Ot Oe Ay Ad chimlor) . This Complelén He preot - New +e consider cecbane txamples and Example 1, x £0 rt ee ) ave x auch Halk mth Hak a <2 ee wu tat) a ca (am inrabieral mumbe)x £0 OA +vE % ave 2 dnck hak pach eal x2<2 2 > 2 au CH) BEO (8) au (e*) = Pm ag oe (ABU {ba-e-} c) op (C)uip-ee} a " a Ba, the fictorcal Athresentabrens of And fy we Com Any, Ava atin, Vara, Uhratbige mtg ine ae att hr? < 4, (ot ut} <4, Ff é.e ct <2 as ct ath a Cob On ne ee (AP) & toe Cobowe be Ch")Saimibanty, we have R>2, B>2, Hooley inning thale Be >4, a-€@ {aay 74, 4.€ AB 7 2s fie Co > 2, bo C= AB, Pe eetaw yew nc tape porcncinss BalB) Thine, dy (WAR) and (11.18), we Can Say 2 (a= Q UCC), extug elements 42 a rabimal rumle oe ae CC), every clement 40 a rabonal 22 (4-19) Nlow, bre all Lhe te -knenr: Dow, dee evreb & rabional number, atech dows nok Lelong Pelle ao (Ono Cet tell, tn Onclee de aomsrvrer Hie quesior, we €054 obsemre, Ly (tt 19), tak vabimol numtbe 2 coe nob belong ecthe te (¢) 0 be (C).New ase use th esr Lk abioh ive. Bnew, te olefinillly Brow tat tere Can exist at mest re rnhional ecther rtimber , abich docs rok belong te 62) On tb 6C), Ree ee nakonal ntmbe, which oloes neé telong ether 4A Gey Cees GG) lems Whe pooibee addibhonal clement is2 Anak Acpper clase of nial nunber kas Cc) uf2f, Anat, ao awe olefinclily Brom, 2 4s the Least element of appe clare of real raumdber a Cas ty Cha ace ok a of Hh nolan ct Attmber_ ahich, atoes not Along ethe te Coo om te CC) we Rave 2ee ee Kee C8) pe2 CaN u Q ucet) OE eee shea € bv eQ$ (1-22) Jf (anu tpa.e} wou Ce), Ce) ap (C)ufbae} is @utet) é 4k is obvious a, et ¢ 6 vcte (et), [as teak’ \, ’ fe area \ ate (atv be Cobo Ate (Lt), sa, Lacctce, ies tt, 2f£ (1-22) C24, ¥ Ct CO )ipaleg obefuivelion CH AB fer ota KE (AA fre Okan | B ECB) Lam APS, | Bx2 £'Cx 7New ene wilh Lele. He benow ds thee ang rational number, wheel obees nob belong ecthe. to (0) On ta Gen 4 Fox Ons. this yursbiorn, G& ie be ang, sposikice nakional numbe. ane Hak A <6 = 2%3, Then J a nabonal rumba € auch ie Ae ci bY hE 302 BB cy & Cf1.23) atich orplis et < 3. | Thus eS (2a poasleve rahenal number Lo. Lan 3), wld Mercfore Loleng te CA), #8 a t's (at), 2 Further , dy (11 232 t =S <7 ae < 4,€, = 24.2 ¢! 26 (2 a orelive notional number hos Aon 2) t gett Merfore belong & CB, ee. ,2k echt). (11-25) 4! : : By (124), (11.25) anak clefinben ef Cer) ase Con Ady Ahak 2b g cet) C= Cath), *! ; 2 2 Ce"). auch hat A<é. Therefore trey poritive cational number lars Low &, te Cet) and Renee fever, . number, hick co Leas than 6, belongs OO, Cas (= BR UccH Re =f: re Qk xe OE as eK 28) Simborby, bak £ he ang waAbonal: numbe auch that £' > 6 = 2x3. Thew Son, week mnplies Honk tig CB), C1 2@)Further 3 e& (A), actich, dnp (14. 29), «ples that 2 6 (H8, A.g t° € CAR) t’eé (C), C 4a (AR) = (c)) Gps 6 erty a ternal rurner, C6), Leberg | te (C). Fite) Aqany 2£C@), 3 CA), anol tHerefme 3.2 & CAB), ae Be CAB), ££CC) C4 (C)= CABD), shih , by (14.27), wenpbics Bly Ak aa feceg valienal mumbles (8, belonp h(O).tuas Th a (11-26) Anet (11.29) are An osfo OF ) = ca Oe See Hate ee tle Be Ce) om & CC). Soothr +weaols, thre is ro possible Adalebignal, element , Hence 4-€ ae (C) eucee? ; : Ge) ia Eartha , hha rahénal number 6 belonging ts tC), As ebviowsly dhe heat element ok CON Hence the neck rune Xp ths Lives nabional nunter 6 <.e. xp = 6, : Cen Ake pardnct of national nunter 3 (=) and nabional numnbe2 (=p) @ the rabornel mumbe. 6, ( Remark, If inshact cf rnahonal numbers 3 and 2,we had abikay poshve noberal numbers k orcl fp, hhen ae Coulee have ainilady dhe Lhal paeclnet ob nahenal numbe & anol rahbenel nrumber B ds the natenal number O, BOO, Yo: ut? a: CR) aru cer, Coe CO} dt (b+¢) a+ CRG) uibael uct CA) a CA) Mee « 6 A poaclive Hees peters Duck ; R+yY a3! lh ea46 Obview 4 foarkive nea number (Loewe class of R+y Alef rrctely Conbouns elements ol, type beech cn a posiliare rabional number), Lherebs tirplye Lhak pry 2 ie f aed positive aeal number). Therefore , aw Orde te oltair the breclack LC Ry), regnwredt fpr Lhe nlalion C1126) we -e te express the Bon hans oh poste neat ee Cpt, oo thet ~ UO 2 collechen cotacw boatve es 8 “ gadis poate > De ees tenet express (bee) = BU a tollechen of cerbouw poackeve b al nuabeye. Loong ar Fee mn weed ayphe twe ore 24 7B kong” Ms