1 How does coomunication takes place

Communication takes place when one person transmits ideas or

feelings to another person or group of people.
For communication to occur there must be at least two participants:
Message Source The source of communication is the party
intending to convey information to another party.
The message source can be through an individual
through advertising to convey a message, meaningful information.
such as visuals (e.g., words, symbols, images), sounds (e.g., spoken
word), and scents (e.g., fragrance) to convey a message.
Message Receiver The receiver of communication is to be
understood the receiver must decode the message by undertaking
mental and physical processes necessary to give meaning to the
message. Clearly, a message can only be decoded if the receiver is
actually exposed to the message.
In general, communication is how people exchange meaningful
information.
Communication Delivery
A message can be shaped using one or a combination of sensory
transmission medium to send the message.
In marketing the medium may include the use of different media
outlets (e.g., Internet, television, radio, print), promotion-only outlets
(e.g., postal mail, billboards), and person-to-person contact (e.g.,
salespeople).

Effective Communication
good Encoding Poor encoding is also seen in advertisements

that are difficult for the intended audience to understand, such as

words or symbols that lack meaning or, worse, have totally different
meaning within a certain cultural groups. This may lead the message
receiver to decode the meaning of the message in a different way
than was intended by the message sender.
Good Decoding This refers to a message receivers error in
processing the message so that the meaning given to the received
message is not what the source intended. This differs from poor
encoding when it is clear, through comparative analysis with other
receivers, that a particular receiver perceived a message differently
from others and from what the message source intended.
Good Medium Sometimes communication channels break down
and end up sending out weak or faltering signals. Other times the
wrong medium is used to communicate the message.
Good Communication Noise Noise in communication occurs
when an outside force in someway affects delivery of the message.
The most obvious example is when loud sounds block the receivers
ability to hear a message. Nearly any distraction to the sender or the
receiver can lead to communication noise. In advertising, many
customers are overwhelmed (i.e., distracted) by the large number of
advertisements they encountered each day.

2How do we greet people?

When meeting someone for the first time, it is usual to shake the
person's right hand with your right hand.
When you first meet someone, it is polite not to talk about personal
matters.
When you first meet look at the eyes of the people they are talking
with. They consider this a sign of respect, and an indication that they
are listening. Do not stare at the person for a long time.
You can address a new acquaintance using their title and family

name. You may use their first name when they ask you to or use it in
the introduction. In the workplace and among friends, most ofthem
tend to be informal and call each other by their first names.
Whether at school, with friends, or in business, greeting people is an
everyday occurrence and is an important skill to master.

Approach the person. It is important to walk confidently and

wear a smile.

Make eye contact before greeting. When you've established

eye contact, say, "Hi, how are you?" or something similarly
friendly.
Keep it local. If everybody says "hey" instead of "hi," say "hey." If
they say "hello," then you say "hello."

Wait till they acknowledge you. When they say "hi" back to
you, smile, offer to shake hand, and introduce yourself.
You might also add how you know them, or how they might know

you.

Start a conversation. Presumably you would like to get to

know this person to whom you've just introduced yourself.

If they smile and start talking with you, congratulations, you've

successfully greeted somebody

Mind your manners.

Find small talk topics to get started.
Gracefully excuse yourself, and go refresh your drink.

Be confident, and greet your new acquaintance in a friendly

but professional manner.

Speak briefly about the business at hand, and move on.

Always have a smile and speak clearly. Most importantly,

look them right in the eye. This will make the other person feel
as if you're really paying attention to them.
If you are greeting an adult, smile politely and say hello.
If you don't know the person's name, say, "nice to meet you" or,
"nice to see you again.

You are definitely going to impress your partner or client if you can
greet them in their native language.

5.Create A Resume for Yourself

A resume is a piece of paper that tells a prospective

employer who i am , what you've done, and why they should
hire you. If you want to get a job, you'll probably need a
resume.
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an employer they need to know that you have the skills,
knowledge, and personality traits needed for a particular job.
Can you pick out which of your many skills are most
important for different positions?
Can you present them in such a way that the prospective
employer can quickly and easily evaluate your
qualifications?

Task
Write your own resume. Put everything you have learned (in
school, in extracurricular activities, in volunteer or paid jobs)
into a few short paragraphs that would convince a
prospective employer to hire you
Steps
1.First, decide what kind of job you seek. It could be a real
job that interests you or simply the job of reaching the next
grade level in school.
Write down everything you can think of about yourself.
List every job you've ever done
List your extracurricular school activites (football, band,
chess club, debate team).
List your activities outside of school (camping,
skateboarding, raising chickens).
List any awards you've won, honors you have received, or
special recognition.
Get from other sources to gather more details about the
different types of resumes.
Choose one or more formats that you feel will work for you.
Identify those that have a style or format you might like to
imitate or borrow.
Arrange your personal information in chronological,
functional, or other appropriate form.
Write an objective for your resume .
Sketch out some rough ideas of how you want your
resume to lookyour text. Edit your text to fit your layout.

Print your final design.

Evaluation
Be prepared to explain why you made certain choices
concerning your job objective, how you chose your format,
and why you used certain words and phrases to describe
your experience. Your teacher may enlist the assistance of a
professional resume consultant or personnel director to
evaluate your resume.
Conclusion
"A good resume predicts how you might perform in that
desired future job."
Certain parts of your education or skills take on a different
level of importance when you attempt to use that education
or skills to support your stated job objective.

7.How to Make a Social Phone Call

Calling someone "just to chat" is much

more difficult than it seems if you're shy.

Phone calls are important to a healthy
social life and a strong relationship.
Here are some steps to help you make
that phone call to that girl you met in
Chemistry who you'd like to be better
friends with or the boy you really like.
1
Put on some music in the background
that will relax you during the call and
make it seem as if you're having fun.
Don't choose anything too loud,
annoying, disturbing; keep it chill. Try to
aim for the light pop music and possibly
R&B; but not anything that is stressing
such as today's Top 40 radio.
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2
Make a list of topics to discuss if the
conversation lags. You'll be happy to
have them for those awkward silences
that typically happen in conversations
between new friends. (For example,
"Wasn't that Spanish test hard?" or "I
saw your performance in the school
play. Do you sing a lot?")
3
If you can, come up with a reason for
calling. It can be weird if you actually
call with the sole purpose of talking. (For
example, "I'm calling to thank you for
inviting me to your party," or "Can you
tell me what the homework was?" or
even "Did you see that episode of
Supernatural?")
4
Take a moment to close your eyes
and envision yourself having a
successful conversation with the person.
Think of all the reasons they will be

happy to hear from you.

5
Take a few deep breaths. Inhale
through the nose for seven counts, hold
for four counts, and exhale for eight
counts. Do this three times.
6
Dial the number. Make sure you do it
slowly and concentrate.
7
When the person picks up, say
something along the lines of, "Hey, it's
(your name.) What's up?" This gives
them a chance to tell you it's a bad time.
8
State your reason for calling. It can
help spark conversation. (For example,
"Thanks for inviting me to your party.
What gifts did you get?" or "Can you
believe what Summer did on The
O.C.?")
9
Take any conversation that the person

is interested in and run with it. Ask any

possible question that pops into your
head. (For example, "Thanks for inviting
me to your party. What gifts did you get?
Who gave that to you? What was your
favorite? Were you hoping for anything
else? I have one of those...")
10
Bring up the topics you've written
down. A little preparation can go a long
way...
11
If you run out of topics, just give the
person a compliment and/or ask the
person about themselves. People love
to talk about themselves and this is sure
to be a big conversation starter. (For
example, "You are a great soccer player.
Do you play outside school? How long
have you played? Do you watch soccer
on television? What's your favorite
team? What position do you play? Do
you play any other sports? Is soccer

hard? Do you train a lot?") Or just start

telling your life story, but don't make it a
five hour long life story.
12
Try to relax. Enjoy your conversation
rather than thinking about what you're
going to say next. With enough practice,
it will just come to you.
13
If the person has to leave, you have
to leave, or you're simply done talking,
say goodbye and remind the person to
feel free to call you anytime. Hang up
the phone.
14
Evaluate your conversation for a
moment. What topics sparked interest?
What did you find out about this person?
How long did you talk? How did you
feel? Think of any ways you could make
it easier to call this person again.
15
Plan your next call and start thinking

of a new list of back up topics.

Leaving a message: If a person isn't there, their phone is
not on, etc. you might get surprised with an answering
machine or voicemail. Don't panic. Plan ahead and write out
a little spiel in case you need it. Include a greeting, your
name, the date and time you're calling, your reason for
calling, and the details of when you can be reached.
Asking for your friend: If someone else picks up the
phone, simply say state your name and politely ask to speak
to the person you're calling. Thank them when they agree to
put you through.
Being called: Before you hang up or when you see the
person throughout the day, remind them to call you
sometime. This can take some of the pressure off of you!
Make sure to leave your cell phone on or keep the lines
clear.
List of topics: Although the list of things to talk about can
seem a little cheesy, it can really come in handy if you're
nervous about calling that person or if you're shy. Eventually
you won't need it anymore, but it can definitely help you in a
tight spot.
Saying goodbye: It's often less awkward and more polite
to say goodbye with a phrase like, "I'll let you go," or, "I better
go back to studying."
Thank them and tell them it has been a pleasure talking to
them! They will feel appreciated and wanted.
Think about the person you're calling: What are your
common interests? Talking about a topic they do not care
about will usually make that person lose interest in the
conversation.
Make sure that you can hear them! Turn your phone loud
enough so you can catch everything that's said.

It is a lot easier and more comfortable when you talk to

someone on the phone when a good friend is in the room
with you; once you do that, you will always feel comfortable
talking to that person from now on.

4.How to Introduce Yourself

Having trouble introducing yourself?
Being able to introduce yourself to a
group or another person might seem
daunting, but it's a social task that pops
up a lot. Here are some steps to make it
easier
Introducing Yourself to an Audience
1
Speak clearly and confidently. Make sure your voice is
loud enough for everyone to hear you. Avoid mumbling by
enunciating your consonants crisply.
2
Make eye contact with a few people. Don't stare down or
at some aimless point in the corner of the room. Move your
gaze around the group to make eye contact with a few
people as you speak. If you don't like the thought of looking
into that many eyes, look at their eyebrows or noses - they

won't be able to tell the difference.

3
Say hello, and state your name. If you're at a formal
gathering, say "Hello, my name is [first name] [last name]." If
the gathering is informal, tone it down accordingly - you
could say something like "Hey, I'm [first name]."
4
Share basic information about yourself. The sort of
information you share will depend on the audience you're
addressing. If you're introducing yourself on the first day of
school, you might say where you're from and what you did
over the summer. If you're introducing yourself to a group of
business associates, you might tell them what exactly your
job is and how long you've been with the company.
5
Close the introduction. If you're going to be interacting
more closely with these people in the future, say something
like "I look forward to getting to know you all of you better." If
you probably won't be talking a lot of these people later,
close with something like "It's been a pleasure speaking to
you this morning/this afternoon/tonight."
Introducing Yourself to an Individual
1
Make eye contact. Eye contact shows that you're engaged
in the interaction, as well as displaying confidence. If you're
not comfortable looking straight into someone's eyes, stare
at the point between their eyebrows - they won't notice the
difference.
2
Smile. It is important to keep a genuine, bright smile (and
fresh breath, too). Your smile is your best icebreaker - it
draws people in.

3
Offer a handshake. A firm handshake, once again,
demonstrates your self-confidence. Get the grip just right,
though - you don't want break the other person's hand. Try
squeezing slightly with your fingers and not your thumb, and
release the handshake after two or three seconds.
4
Tell the other person your name, and ask for theirs. If the
introduction is formal, say "Hello, I'm [first name][last name]."
If it's informal, you can say "Hi, I'm [first name]. Immediately
after you've stated your name, ask for the other person's
name by saying "And you are...?" in questioning tone. When
you learn the other person's name, repeat it by saying "It's a
pleasure to meet you, John" or "Nice to meet you, Jane."
Repeating the name will help you remember it, and give the
introduction a more personal touch.
Giving a nickname is absolutely okay, but always give
notice it's a nickname. For instance, say "My name's Mike,
but they call me 'The Situation'." Or "my name is Nicole, but
they call me "Snooki".
5
Reveal a little bit of your background. It depends on the
context of the conversation, but start off by telling the other
person something about yourself. You might start off with
where you're from, what you do for a living, or why you
wanted to meet this person. Whatever you use, it should be
a springboard for more conversation. You may tell a little bit
of your background in order to start your conversation.
Telling someone where you work and your title is appropriate
and may lead to many conversation topics.
6

Close the conversation. After you've met someone for the

first time, you should end the conversation by restating that
you enjoyed meeting them. If the interaction was formal, say
something like "Mrs. Jones, I'm delighted to have met you. I
hope we can talk again soon." If your conversation was
informal, you could say "It was great meeting you, Jane.
Hope to see you around."
Edit Tips
Focus on the positive. An introductory conversation is no
time to say negative things about yourself or someone else.
If your hands tend to get sweaty, wipe them on a napkin
before beginning the introduction.
Keep your focus on the person you are meeting - give
them the respect you would like to receive.
Avoid eating anything that might stick to your teeth.
Don't speak when your mouth is filled with food.
Don't look away or act distracted - it will make you look
bored or uninterested.

3.Pairs of words

Fried mushrooms are made by deep frying

mushroom s that have been dipped in batter .
such as rockfall s, deep failure of slope s and shallow
debris flows, which can ... forming a dip-slope.
A deep-fried Twinkie involves freezing the cake,
dipping it into batter ,