56th Edition, JULY 24th 2014

HEALTH BENEFITS OF HUMOR & LAUGHTER

Laughter is strong medicine for mind and body
Laughter is a powerful antidote to stress, pain, and conflict. Nothing works faster or more dependably to bring
your mind and body back into balance than a good laugh. Humor lightens your burdens, inspires hopes,
connects you to others, and keeps you grounded, focused, and alert.
With so much power to heal and renew, the ability to laugh easily and frequently is a tremendous resource for
surmounting problems, enhancing your relationships, and supporting both physical and emotional health.

Laughter is good for your health

Laughter relaxes the whole body. A good, hearty laugh relieves physical tension and stress, leaving your
muscles relaxed for up to 45 minutes after.

Laughter boosts the immune system. Laughter decreases stress hormones and increases immune cells and
infection-fighting antibodies, thus improving your resistance to disease.

Laughter triggers the release of endorphins, the bodys natural feel-good chemicals. Endorphins promote an
overall sense of well-being and can even temporarily relieve pain.

Laughter protects the heart. Laughter improves the function of blood vessels and increases blood flow,
which can help protect you against a heart attack and other cardiovascular problems.

The Benefits of Laughter

Physical Health Benefits:

Mental Health Benefits:

Social Benefits:

Boosts immunity

Adds joy and zest to life

Strengthens relationships

Lowers stress hormones

Eases anxiety and fear

Attracts others to us

Decreases pain

Relieves stress

Enhances teamwork

Relaxes your muscles

Improves mood

Helps defuse conflict

Prevents heart disease

Enhances resilience

Promotes group bonding

Source : http://www.helpguide.org/life/humor_laughter_health.htm

Fitri Yuliyanti
HSE Admin
PT.National Utility Helicopters

56th Edition, JULY 24th 2014

FUEL RELATED ACCIDENT

There is much that pilots should know about fuel and fuel management. There are five things you
can do reduce your chances of having a fuel-related accident:
1. Know How Much Fuel You Have - You cant know how far you can go unless you know how
much fuel you have, but knowing that isnt always easy.
The First step in knowing how much fuel you have is to think of fuel not in gallons or
pounds but hours and minutes. Why think in time rather than distance? Because fuel
burn is a constant the engine, barring a malfunction, will always burn the same amount at
any given combination of altitude, power setting, and mixture setting, but range will vary
constantly due to changing winds and ground speeds. In order to know how much time you
have, you must also know the rate at which you fuel is being consumed. That means an
intimate knowledge of your engines fuel consumption. The POH figures will get you close to
the answer but only experience will tell you for sure.
NOTE: Pilot of unfamiliar airplanes add one or two gallons per hour to their computed fuel
consumption until they see how much that airplane actually burns.
Some airplanes are equipped with fuel flow computing devices that actually measure the fuel
that is drawn from the tanks. These devices will indicate your consumption rate, but theres
another part of the problem.
Next youll have to know for certain how much usable fuel is actually on board. Fuel
computers will tell you how much youre burning and how much you have left but pilots must
input the fuel quantity, so the old computer adage applies garbage in equals garbage out. A
calibrated dipstick is a good way to measure fuel but be sure its calibrated for your airplane.
Some airplane models have several options for fuel tank capacity, i.e a dipstick calibrated for
a Cessna 182 with bladder tanks will indicate more fuel than is actually present in a 182 with
metal tanks.
Departing with full tanks is a good tactic but that isnt always possible. Most airplanes exceed
weight and balance limitations with full fuel all seats occupied, and maximum baggage. Some
airplanes can be difficult to fuel completely. And what about the pilot before you who says, I
only flew an hour off of full tanks? Were they really full? Did the pilot lean or was he
operating full rich? What was the fuel consumption rate for the previous flight? Trust but
verify. Its your safety and certificate on the line, not his.
2. Know Your Airplanes Fuel System Pilots must also be familiar with and proficient in
operating the fuel system on their airplanes. Fuel management on a Cessna 150 training airplane
is easy. Two wing-mounted tanks simultaneously gravity feed fuel to the engine. The fuel selector
is either on or off. Compare this with a low-wing single boasting two main, two wing auxiliary,
and two aftermarket tip tanks with an engine-driven primary fuel pump, electric boost pump, and
electric fuel transfer pumps. Its not surprising that some pilots have made forced landings with
fuel still available.
Fitri Yuliyanti
HSE Admin
PT.National Utility Helicopters

56th Edition, JULY 24th 2014

3. Know Whats in Your Fuel Tanks Pilots must ensure their airplane contains the proper
grade of uncontaminated fuel. Weve all been trained to drain the fuel tank sumps during preflight to make sure the airplanes been servised with the proper grade of fuel and there are no
contaminants. Fuel drains are, however, the second line of defense. Pilots and aircraft operators
should take steps to prevent contaminants from entering the fuel supply in the first place. For
example, most water contamination enters airplane fuel tanks through worn or defective fuel cap
seals.
Most aircraft fuel suppliers take great care to ensure an uncontaminated product is delivered to
their customers but occasionally contaminated fuel is pumped into an airplane. There are also
cases wehere line personnel have serviced airplanes with the wrong fuel. Thats why its important
to supervise the fuelling and sample the fuel after each delivery.
4. Update Your Fuel Status Regularly During Flight Its good to do thorough pre-flight
planning but, once in the air, things can change. Winds are rarely exactly as forecast and weather
deviation add miles and minutes to your trip. The Air Safety Foundation recommends that pilots
evaluate their fuel status each hour. If you know how many minutes of fuel you have and how
long it will take to reach your destination or fuel stop, its easy to know if youll be needing your
reserve. And speaking of reserve:
5. Always Land with Adequate Reserve Fuel Aviation regulations require different fuel
reserves for different operations. For instance: The regulation require flight conducted under IFR
to have enough fuel to go from A to B, shoot the approach, execute a missed approach, fly to the
alternate, and then be able to fly for another 45 minutes at normal cruise speed, not throttle back
to milk the maximum endurance from the machine.

Source: http://www.caaf.org.fj/attachments/article/216/

Fitri Yuliyanti
HSE Admin
PT.National Utility Helicopters

56th Edition, JULY 24th 2014

POISONOUS PLANTS
This bulletin addresses special safety considerations when working outdoors and exposed to nasty
plants. Although the types of nasty plants may vary from region to region, basic safeguards should
be taken to prevent serious injury or illness to crew members working at locations where these plants
grow.

GENERAL INFORMATION
These plants (e.g., Poison Oak, Poison Ivy and Poison Sumac) cause an allergic reaction in about
90% of all adults. The oleoresin in the juice of these plants causes dermatitis in allergic people from
contact from their clothes, tools, equipment, pet fur, or smoke of burning plants. The fluid from the
resulting blisters does not contain oleoresin, and cannot cause dermatitis.
These irritating plants normally grow along fence rows, waste areas, open and cut over forest lands,
stream banks, swamps, ponds and rocky canyons. In the fall, their leaves turn to brilliant red.
NOTE: People who have allergic reaction to these types of plants should notify production company
and/or set medic prior to entering an area that is known to have these types of plants.
PROTECT YOURSELF
Clothing Guidelines - in areas where nasty plants are likely:
1. Wear long pants with your pant legs tucked into your socks or boots. A good boot above your
ankle can help protect you better.
2. Wear long sleeves and a loose fitting shirt, and a ventilated hat.
3. Cover as much skin as you can. The less skin exposed, the less likely you may be affected.
4. All contaminated clothing should be washed separately with detergent.
5. Wear protective gloves when handling.
6. Wear practical change clothes and shoes before leaving the location. Work clothes should be
placed in a bag and taken home for laundering.
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1. Wash often. Wash hands before eating, smoking or applying cosmetics.
2. Identify the areas that may contain the plants and use the proper safeguards to avoid them.
IDENTIFICATION
1. Both Poison Oak and Poison Ivy are readily identified by their trademarked threeleaf pattern.
2. Poison Ivy has its three leaflets with pointed tips, while Poison Oak has its three leaflets with
rounded tips.
Fitri Yuliyanti
HSE Admin
PT.National Utility Helicopters

56th Edition, JULY 24th 2014

3. Leaflets range from a half-inch (1/2) to two (2) inches long.

4. Flowers are greenish white, about one-quarter (1/4) inch across and are borne in clusters on a
slender stem.
5. The fruits are white, berry-like, glossy and dry when ripe; about one-sixth (1/6) of an inch in
diameter in Poison Ivy and slightly larger in Poison Oak.
6. All parts of Poison Oak and Ivy are poisonous year round, except the pollen.
7. Burning is not recommended; as inhaling dust and ash from the smoke can result in poisoning of
the lungs that can require hospitalization.
POISONING
1. The poisonous sap is carried in the roots, stem, leaves and fruit.
2. The plant is bruised, the sap is released.
3. It is easier to contract the dermatitis in the spring and summer due to the tender nature of the
leaves.
4. Sap may be deposited on the skin by direct contact with the plant or by contact with contaminated
objects such as shoes, clothing, tools, equipment and animals.
SYMPTOMS
1. The interval between contact and the appearance of dermatitis will vary considerably.
2. Most people will develop dermatitis 24 to 48 hours after contact.
3. Blistering will follow moderate itching or burning sensation.
4. Blisters usually rupture and are followed by oozing of serum and subsequent crusting.
5. Healed areas often remain hypersensitive to further contact for several months.
6. Although extremely irritating, most cases disappear in a week to 10 days.
TREATMENT
1. Thoroughly wash the skin with soap and water (brown soap is best)
2. Apply anti-itch lotion, such as Calamine or Caladryl.
3. In severe dermatitis, cool wet dressings or compresses will be required. Heat releases histamines,
which cause the intense itching.
4. A physician should examine severe rashes, especially those covering large areas or accompanied
by abnormal body temperatures.
5. Medical treatment is most effective if applied before the oozing sores appear.
6. All exposures should be reported to the set medic.
OTHER POISONOUS PLANTS
Other plants that can cause mild to severe dermatitis include:
1. Stinging nettle
2. Crown of thorns
3. Buttercup
4. May apple
5. Marsh marigold
6. Candelabra cactus
7. Brown-eyed Susan
8. Shasta daisy
9. Chrysanthemum

Source: http://www.csatf.org/pdf/27PLANTS.pdf

Fitri Yuliyanti
HSE Admin
PT.National Utility Helicopters