what is the diffrence about RSRP-SINR-RSRQ-RSSI?

RSRP: - Reference signal receive power.

RSRP (dBm) = RSSI (dBm) -10*log (12*N)
where RSSI = Received Signal Strength Indicator
N: number of RBs across the RSSI is measured and depends on the BW
Significance:
RSRP is the most basic of the UE physical layer measurements and is the linear average power (in watts)
of the downlink reference signals (RS) across the channel bandwidth for the Resource elements that
carry cell specific Reference Signals.
Knowledge of absolute RSRP provides the UE with essential information about the strength of cells from
which path loss can be calculated and used in the algorithms for determining the optimum power settings
for operating the network. Reference signal receive power is used both in idle and connected states
Range: - -44 to -140 dBm
RSRP term is used for coverage same as RSCP in 3G
RSRQ: Reference signal receive quality
RSRQ = RSRP / (RSSI / N)
N is the number of resource blocks over which the RSSI is measured
RSSI is wide band power, including intra cell power, interference and noise.
Significance: It provides the Indication of Signal Quality. Measuring RSRQ becomes particularly important near the cell
edge when decisions need to be made, regardless of absolute RSRP, to perform a handover to the next
cell. Reference signal receive quality is used only during connected states
Range: - -3 to -19.5 dB
RSRQ term is used for Quality same as Ec/No in 3G.
SINR: - Signal to Noise Ratio.
SINR = S / I + N
S -- Average Received Signal Power
I -- Average Interference power
N -- Noise Power
Significance: Is a way to measure the Quality of LTE Wireless Connections. As the energy of signal fades
with distance i.e. Path Loss due to environmental parameters (e.g. background noise, interfering strength
of other simultaneous transmission)

what is the process when one UE power on and access to netwotk?

When a UE is powered on or recovers from lack of

Coverage, the UE first selects the last RPLMN and attempts to register on that PLMN. If the
registration
On the PLMN is successful, the UE shows the selected PLMN on the display, and now it can obtain
Service from an operator. If the last RPLMN is unavailable or the registration on the PLMN fails,
another
PLMN can be automatically or manually selected according to the priorities of PLMNs stored in the
USIM.

What is the difference about TCP and UDP?

TCP

Acronym for

Transmission Control
Protocol

TCP is a connectionConnection oriented protocol.

UDP

User Datagram
Protocol or
Universal Datagram
Protocol
UDP is a
connectionless
protocol.

As a message makes its

way across the internet
from one computer to
another. This is
connection based.

UDP is also a
protocol used in
message transport
or transfer. This is
not connection
based which means
that one program
can send a load of
packets to another
and that would be
the end of the
relationship.

Usage TCP is suited for

applications that require
high reliability, and
transmission time is
relatively less critical.

UDP is suitable for

applications that
need fast, efficient
transmission, such
as games. UDP's
stateless nature is
also useful for
servers that answer
small queries from
huge numbers of

Function

clients.
Use by other HTTP, HTTPs, FTP, SMTP,
protocols Telnet
TCP rearranges data
packets in the order
specified.

UDP has no
inherent order as
all packets are
independent of
each other. If
ordering is
required, it has to
be managed by the
application layer.

The speed for TCP is

slower than UDP.

UDP is faster
because there is no
error-checking for
packets.

Ordering of data
packets

Speed of transfer

There is absolute
guarantee that the data
Reliability transferred remains intact
and arrives in the same
order in which it was sent.
Header Size

DNS, DHCP, TFTP,

SNMP, RIP, VOIP.

TCP header size is 20

bytes

Source port, Destination

Common Header
port, Check Sum
Fields
Streaming of data Data is read as a byte
stream, no distinguishing
indications are
transmitted to signal
message (segment)

There is no
guarantee that the
messages or
packets sent would
reach at all.
UDP Header size is
8 bytes.
Source port,
Destination port,
Check Sum
Packets are sent
individually and are
checked for
integrity only if
they arrive. Packets

boundaries.

TCP is heavy-weight. TCP

requires three packets to
set up a socket
connection, before any
Weight user data can be sent.
TCP handles reliability and
congestion control.

have definite
boundaries which
are honored upon
receipt, meaning a
read operation at
the receiver socket
will yield an entire
message as it was
originally sent.
UDP is lightweight.
There is no
ordering of
messages, any
tracking
connections, etc. It
is a small transport
layer designed on
top of IP.

TCP does Flow Control.

UDP does not have
TCP requires three
an option for flow
packets to set up a socket control
Data Flow Control connection, before any
user data can be sent.
TCP handles reliability and
congestion control.
TCP does error checking
Error Checking
Fields 1. Sequence Number, 2.
AcK number, 3. Data
offset, 4. Reserved, 5.
Control bit, 6. Window, 7.

UDP does error

checking, but no
recovery options.
1. Length, 2.
Source port, 3.
Destination port, 4.
Check Sum

Urgent Pointer 8. Options,

9. Padding, 10. Check
Sum, 11. Source port, 12.
Destination port
Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement
segments

No
Acknowledgment

SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK

No handshake
(connectionless
protocol)

Handshake
Checksum checksum

to detect errors

Do you know CSFB? The process of CSFB by L3 messages?

What condition will make one ue redirection to 3G? What condition will make one ue
reselection from 3G back to LTE?

What information included in Sib3-Sib6-Sib9 message? What is the use of this

message?

SIB (System Information Block )

System Information provides information to the UEs about various parameters of both the Access Stratum
and Non Access Stratum. These are the parameters that are common for all the UEs in the same cell and
are traditionally broadcasted in all the wireless technologies. UEs use this information for multiple
purposes, mainly system access and other idle mode procedures like cell selection, reselection etc.

In LTE, main system information consists of the following:

1.Master Information Block (MIB) : MIB gives information about the most important parameters like SFN,
system bandwidth( In Terms of RBs) and HICH configuration. It is transmitted every 40 ms and the
scheduling information is standardized.
2. System Information Block1: SIB1 is scheduled every 80ms. SIB1 broadcasts cell access related
parameters -cell identifier (plmn id, cell id), qrxlevmin, cell specific timers and the scheduling information
for all other SIBs.
3. System Information Block2: SIB2 provides information about common and shared channels-rach,
prach, bcch, dlsch, ulsch etc.
4.System Information Block 3 to 8 provides information required for cell reselection.
SI3 provides information on intra frequency cell reselection except neighbor cell information.SIB4
provides info on neighbor cell informations. SIB5 is for inter frequency cell reselection, SIB6 is for
UTRAN, SIB7 for GERAN and SIB8 for CDMA related cell reselection.

SIB9: Name of the home eNodeB

UE reads the system information during the initial attach process and whenever it is camped to a new
cell, it reads the relevent sysinfos.If some System Information value is changed, the network pages the
UE telling the UEs that system information is changed and UEs will read the system info during the next
modification cycle. Modification cycle is a cell specific parameter that is signaled in the sib2.Whenever the
UE receives a paging indicating sib modification, it will invalidate all the sysinfos and retrieve all the
sysinfos again

How to use FMA to analysis CHR logs?